identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F24EBD4FCE17FFA4FDFCFD98FEEB4EC5.text	F24EBD4FCE17FFA4FDFCFD98FEEB4EC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia Gray 1832	<div><p>Genus Zephronia Gray, 1832</p><p>Type species</p><p>Zephronia ovalis Gray, 1832 .</p><p>Species members</p><p>57 species, including the two species described herein.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Cambodia, China, Himalaya, Hongkong, India (NE), Indonesia (Borneo), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand and Vietnam.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>See differential diagnosis for Zephronia and Zephronia s. str. in Srisonchai et al. (2024: 38).</p><p>Zephronia can be distinguished from all other genera of Zephroniinae by the following combination of characters: antennae flattened laterally, usually axe-shaped, with numerous (&gt;4) apical cones; tarsi of legs 5–21 often bearing more than one apical spine and several ventral spines; anterior telopods with four podomeres distal to syncoxite; telopoditomere 2 with a large, curved process forming a clamp-like; telopoditomeres 3 and 4 simple; posterior telopod with four telopoditomeres; immovable finger slender, apically curved towards telopoditomeres 3 and 4, always with two membranous lobes; telopoditomere 3 with a membranous lobe and a row of conspicuous, crenulated, sclerotized teeth; telopoditomere 4 also with a membranous lobe, and with 1 or 2 sclerotized spines.</p><p>For a more detailed differential diagnosis of Zephronia and Zephronia s. str., see Srisonchai et al. (2024: 38).</p><p>Zephronia s. str.</p><p>Zephronia s. str. currently includes 20 species: Z. chantaburiensis Srisonchai &amp; Wesener, 2024, Z. chrysomallos Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022, Z. dawydoffi Attems, 1953, Z. enghoffi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021, Z. erawani Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022, Z. golovatchi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021, Z. hui Liu &amp; Wesener, 2022, Z. konkakinhensis Semenyuk et al., 2018, Z. lannaensis Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch, 2021, Z. laotica Wesener, 2019, Z. macula Srisonchai &amp; Wesener, 2024, Z. medongensis Zhao &amp; Liu, 2022, Z. montis Semenyuk et al., 2018, Z. ovalis Gray, 1832, Z. panhai Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021, Z. phrain Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch, 2021, Z. siamensis Hirst, 1907, Z. sukhothaiensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov., Z. tratensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov., and Z. zhouae Zhao &amp; Liu, 2022 .</p><p>List of 14 species of Zephronia occurring in Thailand</p><p>All 14 species of Zephronia in Thailand are as follows: Z. chantaburiensis, Z. chrysomallos, Z. enghoffi, Z. erawani, Z. golovatchi, Z. lannaensis, Z. macula, Z. ovalis, Z. panhai, Z. phrain, Z. siamensis, Z. sukhothaiensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov., Z. tratensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov. and Z. viridisoma .</p><p>Key to species of Zephronia Gray, 1832 in Thailand</p><p>1. Adult body coloration in life grey/greyish brown/brownish grey/light grey. Western Thailand ...... 2</p><p>– Adult body coloration in life brown/golden brown/dark brown/greenish brown/reddish brown/green. All regions of Thailand ..................................................................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Body small to medium (length ca 20 mm) (Figs 4X, 14A–F). Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in one row (Figs 22E–F, 23E). Antennomere 6 of antenna with ca 20–45 apical cones. Second coxa in male with a large and conspicuous membranous process (Fig. 16G–H). Anterior telopods: process of telopoditomere 2 strongly curved (Figs 4U, 17C–D, F) .................................... ......................................................................... Z. sukhothaiensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov.</p><p>– Body medium to large (length 20–40 mm) (Fig. 4F, L, R). Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 2 or 3 rows. Antennomere 6 of antenna with ca 50–90 apical cones. Second coxa in male without membranous process. Anterior telopods: process of telopoditomere 2 slightly curved (Fig. 4C, I, O) ...................................................................................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Endotergum: posterior margin with 3 rows of bristles ........... Z. erawani Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022</p><p>– Endotergum: posterior margin with 2 rows of bristles ..................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Body length 19–23 mm (Fig. 4R). Antennomere 6 of antenna with ca 50 apical cones. Tarsus of leg-pairs 5–21 usually with 7–11 ventral spines and 1–3 apical spines .................................................... ........................................................................ Z. panhai Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021</p><p>– Body length ca 40 mm (Fig. 4F). Antennomere 6 of antenna with 78/88 apical cones. Tarsus of leg-pairs 5–21 usually with 10–12 ventral spines and 3 or 4 apical spines .............................................. ........................................................................................ Z. chrysomallos Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022</p><p>5. Tarsus of leg-pairs 5–21 with only one apical spine ......................................................................... 6</p><p>– Tarsus of leg-pairs 5–21 with 2 apical spines or more ..................................................................... 8</p><p>6. Body green. Antennomere 6 of antenna apically swollen, not axe-shaped. Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 3 rows .................................... Z. viridisoma Rosenmejer &amp; Wesener, 2021</p><p>– Body brown/greenish, brown/reddish, brown/dark green. Antennomere 6 of antenna apically axe-shaped, apically expanded. Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in one row ......................... 7</p><p>7. Tergite without spots. Subanal plate: apical margin usually concave. Vulva: operculum of vulva narrow dorsoventrally; mesal margin protruding into an oval lobe .................................................... ................................................................................ Z. chantaburiensis Srisonchai &amp; Wesener, 2024</p><p>– Tergite with dark or greenish dark spots (Fig. 6A–B) and without spots (Fig. 6C–F). Subanal plate: apical margin usually truncate (Fig. 8Q). Vulva: operculum broad and wide dorsoventrally; mesal margin not protruding (Fig. 8I–J) ........................................ Z. macula Srisonchai &amp; Wesener, 2024</p><p>8. Body length 15–20 mm (&lt;26.5 mm). Tergites with two yellowish brown or yellowish gold patches .............................................................................................................................................. 9</p><p>– Body length 30–40 mm (&lt;41.2 mm). Tergites without patches .................................................... 10</p><p>9. Posterior telopods: process of telopoditomere 2 (immovable finger) shorter than combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 .................................................................................... Z. siamensis Hirst, 1907</p><p>– Posterior telopods: process of telopoditomere 2 equal in length to/ longer than telopoditomeres 3+4 (Fig. 13B–C) ....................................................................................................... Z. ovalis Gray, 1832</p><p>10. Body dark green. Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 4–6 rows .......................................... ......................................................................................... Z. phrain Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch, 2021</p><p>– Body brown. Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 2 or 3 rows .........................................11</p><p>11. Anterior telopods: process of telopoditomere 2 very long, longer than combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (Figs 5U, 21C–D) ............................................... Z. tratensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov.</p><p>– Anterior telopods: process of telopoditomere 2 shorter than/equal in length to combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (Fig. 5C, I, O) ............................................................................................... 12</p><p>12 Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 2 or 3 rows; tip of longest bristles not reaching to posterior margin ....................................................... Z. lannaensis Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch, 2021</p><p>– Bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 2 rows of marginal bristles; tip of longest bristles reaching above posterior margin ..................................................................................................... 13</p><p>13. Second coxa in male with conspicuous membranous process. Vulva: operculum slender and narrow. Subanal plate subsemicircular; apical margin (tip) shallowly concave, narrow ................................. ...................................................................... Z. enghoffi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021</p><p>– Second coxa in male without membranous process. Vulva: operculum round and wide. Subanal plate trapeziform; apical margin (tip) strongly concave, wide .................................................................... .................................................................. Z. golovatchi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE17FFA4FDFCFD98FEEB4EC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE5BFE89FB104B43.text	F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE5BFE89FB104B43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia chantaburiensis Srisonchai & Wesener 2024	<div><p>Zephronia chantaburiensis Srisonchai &amp; Wesener, 2024</p><p>Figs 2–3</p><p>Zephronia chantaburiensis Srisonchai &amp; Wesener in Srisonchai et al., 2024: 39.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Chanthaburi Province (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in granitic habitats. See Srisonchai et al. (2024: figs 2–7).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>Thailand, Chanthaburi; CUMZ-Zeph0013 (M47); PP754582; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chanthaburi; CUMZ-Zeph0013 (M48); PP754583; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE5BFE89FB104B43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE77FD1CFB784D16.text	F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE77FD1CFB784D16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia chrysomallos Bhansali & Wesener 2022	<div><p>Zephronia chrysomallos Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022</p><p>Figs 2–3, 4A–F</p><p>Zephronia chrysomallos Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022: 367 .</p><p>Zephronia chrysomallos – Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Kanchanaburi Province (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in limestone habitats. See Bhansali &amp; Wesener (2022: figs 7–11).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>Thailand, Kanchanaburi; ZFMK MYR8826; OM509649; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE77FD1CFB784D16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE35FBF0FB384F29.text	F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE35FBF0FB384F29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia enghoffi Srisonchai, Sutcharit & Likhitrakarn 2021	<div><p>Zephronia enghoffi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021</p><p>Figs 3, 5A–F</p><p>Zephronia enghoffi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021: 32 .</p><p>Zephronia enghoffi – Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Khon Kaen and Loei Provinces (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in limestone habitats. See Srisonchai et al. (2021: figs 7–8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FE35FBF0FB384F29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FD96F9C7FBBC4EFC.text	F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FD96F9C7FBBC4EFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia erawani Bhansali & Wesener 2022	<div><p>Zephronia erawani Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022</p><p>Figs 2–3, 4G–L</p><p>Zephronia erawani Bhansali &amp; Wesener, 2022: 370 .</p><p>Zephronia erawani – Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Kanchanaburi Province (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic to limestone habitats. See Bhansali &amp; Wesener (2022: figs 12–14).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>Thailand, Kanchanaburi; NHMD K56x9; OM509650; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE16FFA5FD96F9C7FBBC4EFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE0AFFB9FE09FE89FEB04BEB.text	F24EBD4FCE0AFFB9FE09FE89FEB04BEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia golovatchi Srisonchai, Sutcharit & Likhitrakarn 2021	<div><p>Zephronia golovatchi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021</p><p>Figs 2–3, 5G–L</p><p>Zephronia golovatchi Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021: 37 .</p><p>Zephronia golovatchi – Bhansali &amp; Wesener 2022: 376. — Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Nakhon Ratchasima and Nakhon Nayok Provinces (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in both limestone and sandstone habitats. See Srisonchai et al. (2021: figs 9–10).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima; ZFMK MYR6262; OM509646; (Table 1) • Thailand, Nakhon Nayok; ZFMK K53; OM509647; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE0AFFB9FE09FE89FEB04BEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE0AFFB9FE44FC84FEAF4DE6.text	F24EBD4FCE0AFFB9FE44FC84FEAF4DE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia lannaensis Likhitrakarn & Golovatch 2021	<div><p>Zephronia lannaensis Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch, 2021</p><p>Figs 2–3, 5M–R</p><p>Zephronia lannaensis Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch in Likhitrakarn et al., 2021: 13.</p><p>Zephronia lannaensis – Bhansali &amp; Wesener 2022: 376. — Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Chiang Mai Province (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. This species was found in a dipterocarp forest (granitic habitat). See Likhitrakarn et al. (2021: figs 3–4)</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>Thailand; ZFMK MYR3498; OM509629; (Table 1) • Thailand; ZFMK MYR3501; OM509630; (Table 1) • Thailand; ZFMK MYR4911; OM509631; (Table 1) • Thailand; NHMD K57B; OM509632; (Table 1) • Thailand; MHNG 3B; OM509633; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE0AFFB9FE44FC84FEAF4DE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE0AFFB7FE6FFA80FC614EFA.text	F24EBD4FCE0AFFB7FE6FFA80FC614EFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia macula Srisonchai & Wesenerin 2024	<div><p>Zephronia macula Srisonchai &amp; Wesener, 2024</p><p>Figs 2–3, 6–9, 22A–B, 23A–B</p><p>Zephronia macula Srisonchai &amp; Wesenerin in Srisonchai et al., 2024: 48.</p><p>Diagnosis (updated from Srisonchai et al. 2024)</p><p>Zephronia macula belongs to the Zephronia s. str. species group based on the position of Tömösváry’s organ, located next to the aberrant ocelli, not inside the antennal socket. Adult body length 8.6–18.5 mm; posterior margin of midbody endotergum flat, not modified in green morph but relatively undulate in spotted morph; posterior telopods usually with 9 or 10 crenulated teeth, and tarsi of legs 3–21 with only one apical spine. Similar in these aspects to Z. chantaburiensis, but differs from it by having a combination of the following characters: apical disc of antenna with 38–57 cones (vs 25–35 cones); femur of walking legs less widened, slightly longer than wide (vs wider than long in Z. chantaburiensis), mesal margin of operculum of vulva round and not protruding (vs more slender and slightly protruding). See also Table 2.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>THAILAND • 6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Chachoengsao Province, Phanom Sarakham District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.51222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.76" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.51222/lat 13.76)">Wat Khao Hin Sorn</a>; 13°45′36.0″ N, 101°30′44.0″ E; 69 m a.s.l.; 1 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol and MZKKU students leg.; MZKKU • 5 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 13°45′35.8″ N, 101°30′43.7″ E; 71 m a.s.l.; 15 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol, R. Srisonchai and MZKKU students leg.; MZKKU • 42 ♂♂, 54 ♀♀; Rayong Province, Khao Chamao District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.659195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.98925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.659195/lat 12.98925)">Wat Tham Suwan Phupha</a>; 12°59′21.3″ N, 101°39′33.1″ E; 64 m a.s.l.; 14 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol, R. Srisonchai and MZKKU students leg.; MZKKU • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Sa Kaeo Province, Khao Chakan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.09267&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.579111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.09267/lat 13.579111)">Wat Tham Khao Chan</a>; 13°34′44.8″ N, 102°05′33.6″ E; 100 m a.s.l.; 13 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol, R. Srisonchai and MZKKU students leg.; MZKKU .</p>green♂ = 32/44, ♀ = 25/25• flat/regular • 3 row • extended beyond pma = 1, v = 5 or 6• well-rounded • N/A• imf &lt;mf • 3 cr-t• imf &lt;mf • 8 or 9 cr-t• slender • narrow • slightly protruding<p>All specimens described by Srisonchai et al. (2024) consistently exhibit distinctive spots on their tergites. In contrast, the newly collected specimens lack any such markings on their bodies. We therefore refer to the spotted specimens as the “spotted” morph and those without spots as the “green” morph.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Thailand, Chanthaburi Province, Tha Mai District, Wat Khao Sukim.</p><p>Description of “green” morph specimens</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Males: body length 8.6–17.0 mm; width (= broadest) of head = 3.3–5.3 mm, of collum =3.0– 5.1 mm, of thoracic shield = 4.6–8.6 mm, of tergite 7= 4.7–8.5 mm, of anal shield = 4.5– 7.2 mm; height (= highest) of head =2.0– 2.6 mm, of collum ca 2.8–3.7 mm, of thoracic shield ca 3.2– 4.8 mm, of tergite 7 ca 3.4–5.2 mm, of anal shield ca 3.2–4.6 mm. Females: body length 12.5–18.5 mm; width (= broadest) of head=4.0– 5.4 mm, of collum= 3.6–5.2 mm, of thoracic shield = 6.1–8.9 mm, of tergite 7= 6.2–9.3 mm, of anal shield = 5.2–8.3 mm; height (= highest) of head =2.1–3.0 mm, of collum ca 3.2–4.0 mm, of thoracic shield= 3.5–5.3 mm, of tergite 7 = 3.7–6.2 mm, of anal shield = 3.6–5.4 mm.</p><p>COLOURATION (Fig. 6C–F). Live specimens brownish green. Antennae, head, collum and thoracic shield dark green. Paratergites brown. Legs bluish green. Tergites without spots (here referred to “green” morph); anterior part of tergites brown; lateral and posterior parts of tergites dark green. Posterior half of anal shield brown contrast with dark green anterior one. Colour in alcohol after one year of preservation changed to greenish brown.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 7A). Trapeziform. Anterior part of clypeus (cl) clothed with numerous long setae; central part covered with numerous short setae; posterior part sparsely punctate. Anterior margin of labrum with a single tooth. Each eye with 50–52 ommatidia (o). Aberrant ocellus located at brim of antennal groove.</p><p>ANTENNA (Figs 7A, 8A–D). Short; with rounded joints; covered by long and dense setae. Last antennomere (antennomere 6) extending posteriorly to tarsus of leg-pair 2; with sensilla basiconica (sb) surrounding apical disc (ad). Lengths of antennomeres: 6&gt; 5&gt; 4&gt; 3&gt; 2= 1. Antennomere 6 thickened and stout, widened apically, axe-shaped. Shape of antennae sexually dimorphic, in female more cylindrical, strongly flattened in male. Apical disc with 36–38 apical cones (ac) in males and 22–24 cones in females. No sclerotized crest/ridge between antennal socket and ommatidia.</p><p>TÖMÖSVÁRY’ S ORGAN (Fig. 7A–C). Tömösváry’s organ (to) distinctly separated from ommatidium, located close to anterior margin of ommatidia, not inside antennal socket. Smaller in size than an individual ommatidium, with dentate inner structure.</p><p>EPIPHARYNX (Fig. 7D). Apically with single central tooth (ct), centrally (inner region) with one conspicuous and swollen sclerotized plate (inner tooth), laterally surrounded by single row of conical spines (row of spines= rsp), outer area (next to row of spines) with group of long spines (external teeth=et), with ca 20 small cuticular scales (cs) at base of each side.</p><p>GNATHOCHILARIUM (Fig. 7E–I). Lamellae linguales (ll) oval, conspicuous. Central pads (cpd) modified, with two types of sensory cones (sc), large one with a pillow and small one without pillow. Stipites (st) stout. Mentum (me) large, broad, fused; laterally protruding. Inner palpi (ip) with numerous sensory cones (sc) arranged in a single field; each sensory cone long and slender. Lateral palpi inconspicuous. Stipes and mentum covered by numerous long setae.</p><p>MANDIBLES (GNATHAL LOBE) (Fig. 7J–L). With undivided external tooth (Et); with conspicuous 3-combed inner tooth (3it). Pectinate lamellae (pl) with ca 5 rows. Inner area (Ia) consists of several rows of tiny spines. Condylus (co) at anterior margin with distinct and shallow ridges. Molar plate (mp) flat, regular.</p><p>TEGUMENT (Fig. 6C–F). Dull. Collum, thoracic shield, tergite and anal shield covered by tiny setae; each seta located in small pit. Posterior margin of tergite with dense setae, anterior one sparsely setose.</p><p>COLLUM. Dull, subsemicircular, densely setose cover. Tip of lateral margin obtuse.</p><p>THORACIC SHIELD. Anteriorly with shallow, large groove. Laterally without ridge.</p><p>MIDBODY TERGITE. Anterior margin with small crests, with single row of oval impressions; inner area with crenate barrier separating broad and shallow groove. Tips of midbody paratergites weakly curved and projecting posteroventrad.</p><p>PARATERGITES (Fig. 6C). First paratergite slender, with sharp tip; tips of paratergites 2–10 gradually obtuse. All paratergites curved; tip directed posteroventrad.</p><p>ANAL SHIELD. Sexually dimorphic; large and well-rounded in female, weakly bell-shaped and more slender in male. Surface similar to tergites. Inner surface (underside) with a single black locking carina; long; half as long as width of last laterotergite.</p><p>ENDOTERGUM OF THORACIC SHIELD AND MIDBODY TERGITE (Figs 22A–B, 23A–B). Thoracic shield similar to midbody tergite, except for posterior margin (pm) of thoracic shield flat and regular, bristles very short, each seta situated on tubercles. Posterior margin of midbody tergite modified, undulate. Outer area (oa) smooth, without setae. Bristles arranged in one row, tip of longest bristles reaching to posterior margin. Middle area (ma) with single row of conspicuous, oval cuticular impressions (cp), distance between impressions twice as long as individual diameter. Inner area (ia) smooth, without setae and tubercles.</p><p>PLEURITES (LATEROTERGITES) (Fig. 8O–P). First pleurite boomeranglike, slender, apex sharp, weakly projecting posteriorly. Pleurite 2 short, with obtuse apex, projecting less than first one. Pleurites 3–11 flat, wide, lamella-like, with well-rounded apex and not projecting. Sparsely setose.</p><p>SUBANAL PLATE OF FEMALE (Fig. 8Q). Sparsely setose; semicircular; undivided; narrow; central margin (apical margin) truncate/obtuse (some specimens slightly concave).</p><p>STIGMATIC PLATES (Fig. 8E–F). First stigmatic plate (st-pl) subtriangular; large; flattened; apex well-rounded. Second stigmatic plates in both male and female triangular.</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 8E–N). All podomeres sparsely setose. Coxa (cx) large; as long as prefemur (pre). Coxal process absent in leg-pairs 1 and 2; legs 3–21 marginally with conspicuous coxal process; dentate; projecting laterally. Prefemur stout; apico-mesally without projection; mesal margin usually with 5–7 small triangular spines. Femur (fe) ca 1.4 times as long as wide; short and stout; as long as prefemur; apico-mesally with strong projection and with 7–9 small triangular spines; with long femoral ridge (rdg). Postfemur (po) and tibia (ti) short. Tarsus (ta) quite short; 2.8 times as long as wide. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 without apical spine. Leg-pair 1 with 2–4 ventral spines. Leg-pair 2 with 3–4 ventral spines. Leg-pair 3 with 4–6 ventral spines and 1 apical spine. Leg-pair 4 with 6–7 ventral spines and 1 apical spine. Leg pairs 5–19 with 6–9 ventral spines and 1 apical spine. Last two leg-pairs with 5–7 ventral spines and 1 apical spine. Claw (cl) normal; at base with conspicuous notch.</p><p>MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 8G–H). Male gonopore (go) small; located at mesal margin; covered by single, triangular, divided sclerotized plate. Apical part of coxae 2 without membranous processes (Mp).</p><p>ANTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 9A, C–J). With four conspicuous telopoditomeres; all telopoditomeres sparsely setose, except apical part of telopoditomere 2. First telopoditomere trapeziform; stout; longer than wide. Telopoditomere 2 large and stout. Process of telopoditomere 2 (=immovable finger) long; as long as combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (= movable finger); ca 1.4 times as long as wide; tip obtuse, strongly curved, directed anteriad; apical margin with sclerotized spots (scl-s); margin towards telopoditomere 3 with membranous lobe (ml). Telopoditomere 3 clearly demarcated from telopoditomere 4, longer than telopoditomere 4, with one small, short, sclerotized spine (sp) located on conspicuous membranous lobe at inner margin, apically with 2 or 3 small crenulated teeth (cr-t). Telopoditomere 4 conspicuous, ca 1.5 times shorter than telopoditomere 3; tip round and directed mesad, with two small membranous lobes, each with one sclerotized spine on posterior side.</p><p>POSTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 9A–C, K–N). With four telopoditomeres. Telopoditomeres 1–3 sparsely setose; dorsal side of process of telopoditomere 2, apical part of telopoditomere 3 and complete telopoditomere 4 without setae. Syncoxite conspicuous. Inner lobes (iL) densely setose, sharply edged. Inner horns (ih) glabrous at base, tip attenuate and curved. First telopoditomere stout. Telopoditomere 2 large. Process of telopoditomere 2 (= immovable finger) long and slender; equal in length to combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (= movable finger). Immovable finger 2.5 times as long as wide; apically curved; with conspicuous sclerotized spots (scl-s), clearly visible in ventral view; margin towards movable finger with two massive, triangular, membranous lobes (ml). Telopoditomere 3 long, tip attenuate, 4 times as long as telopoditomere 4, postero-apically with a row of 9 or 10 crenulated teeth (cr-t), inner side with membranous ledge and one sclerotized spine (sp). Telopoditomere 4 slender, abruptly curved, with round tip and two long sclerotized spines located on swollen and large membranous lobe.</p><p>FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 8I–J). Vulva large and stout; covering ca ⅓ of coxa; located at mesal margin, mesally extended to base of prefemur. Bursa (bu) large; distal margin separated from operculum by a triangular groove. Operculum (O) large; wide dorsoventrally; broad; well-rounded; swollen; mesal margin not protruding.</p><p>Distribution and habitat</p><p>Zephronia macula is currently found in eastern Thailand, specifically in the provinces of Chanthaburi, Chonburi, Rayong, and Sa Kaeo (Fig. 3). The species is endemic to limestone and granitic habitats.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Specimens collected from Chachoengsao (Wat Khao Hin Sorn), Rayong (Wat Suwan Phupha), and Sa Kaeo (Wat Tham Khao Chan) show notable differences from the type specimens described by Srisonchai et al. (2024). These include a dark green body colouration without prominent tergal spots; an antennal disc bearing only 22–38 apical cones (compared to 36–57); a large and conspicuous process at the tip of the mentum (vs absent); and a longer process on telopoditomere 2 of the anterior telopod, as long as the combined length of telopoditomeres 3 and 4 (vs as long as telopoditomere 3 only). Interestingly, although the variation in the endotergum between the two populations is minimal, one noticeable difference is the flat posterior margin in the “spotted” morph whilst undulating in the green morph.</p><p>Considerable intraspecific variation in the structure of the endotergum is of particular taxonomic interest, as this character has previously been regarded as fixed and species-specific within Zephronia . Despite this variation, both morphs are consistent in all other diagnostic characters, and molecular evidence (COI) strongly supports their conspecificity. The finding indicates that variation in endotergum should be interpreted with caution to prevent potential taxonomic confusion.</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>Thailand, Sa Kaeo; CUMZ (M54); PP754589; (Table 1) • Thailand, Sa Kaeo; CUMZ (M55); PP754590; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chanthaburi; CUMZ- MYR 0015 (M417); PP754584; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chanthaburi; CUMZ- MYR 0015 (M418); PP754585; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chanthaburi; CUMZ- MYR 0015 (M421); PP754586; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chanthaburi; CUMZ- MYR 0015 (M422); PP754587; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chanthaburi; CUMZ- MYR 0015 (M424); PP754588; (Table 1) • Thailand, Sa Kaeo, Phra Phloeng District; MZKKU (M400); PX526095; (Table 1) • Thailand, Sa Kaeo, Phra Phloeng District; MZKKU (M401); PX526096; (Table 1) • Thailand, Rayong, Khao Chamao District; MZKKU (M437); PX526097; (Table 1) • Thailand, Rayong, Khao Chamao District; MZKKU (M438); PX526098; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chachoengsao; MZKKU (M456); PX526099; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chachoengsao; MZKKU (M457); PX526100; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chachoengsao; MZKKU (M458); PX526101; (Table 1) • Thailand, Chachoengsao; MZKKU (M459); PX526102; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE0AFFB7FE6FFA80FC614EFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE07FF8FFDFFFE89FCB74C0B.text	F24EBD4FCE07FF8FFDFFFE89FCB74C0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia ovalis Gray 1832	<div><p>Zephronia ovalis Gray, 1832</p><p>Figs 2–3, 10–13, 22C–D, 23C–D</p><p>Zephronia ovalis Gray, 1832: 796 .</p><p>Zephronia ovalis – Gervais 1837: 42. — Newport 1844: 264. — Butler 1873: 180. — Olliff 1882: 30. — Attems 1914: 146. — Jeekel 2001: 20. — Golovatch et al. 2012: 286. — Wesener 2014: 204; 2016: 34.</p><p>Sphaerotherium ovale – C.L. Koch 1847: 99.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zephronia ovalis belongs to the Zephronia s. str. species group based on the position of Tömösváry’s organ, located next to the aberrant ocelli, not inside the antennal socket. Colour pattern unique for the order; body with dark olive-green (greenish dark) and two large patches (stripes), the latter either golden brown or yellowish gold dorsally, running from the thoracic shield to the anal shield; adults with body length 7–18.9 mm; process of telopoditomere 2 of anterior telopods relatively short, shorter than combination of telopoditomeres 3+4. Similar in these aspects to Z. dawydoffi, Z. laotica and Z. siamensis . Differs from these three species by a combination of these characters: surface of tergites, thoracic shield, and anal shield more glabrous and shining; bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 2 or 3 rows; posterior margin of endotergum modified: ‘trapezoidal-wavy’ or undulate; process of telopoditomere 2 of posterior telopods equal to or longer than the combination of telopoditomeres 3+4. See also Table 2.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>THAILAND • 24 ♂♂, 46 ♀♀; Sisaket Province, Khunhan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.35719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.529139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.35719/lat 14.529139)">Huai Chan Waterfall</a>; 14°31′44.9″ N, 104°21′25.9″ E; 222 m a.s.l.; 25 Jun. 2022; N. Srimongkol leg.; MZKKU • 39 ♂♂, 60 ♀♀, 5 broken specimens; Sisaket Province, Khunhan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.35397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.529278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.35397/lat 14.529278)">Rubber Plantation 1</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.35397&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.529278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.35397/lat 14.529278)">Huai Chan Waterfall</a>; 14°31′45.4″ N, 104°21′14.3″ E; 232 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol leg.; MZKKU • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Sisaket Province, Khunhan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.35294&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.525583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.35294/lat 14.525583)">Rubber Plantation 2</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.35294&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.525583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.35294/lat 14.525583)">Huai Chan Waterfall</a>; 14°31′32.1″ N, 104°21′10.6″ E; 250 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol leg.; CUMZ • 9 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Sisaket Province, Khunhan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.335945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.499611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.335945/lat 14.499611)">Rubber Plantation 3</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.335945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.499611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.335945/lat 14.499611)">Huai Chan Waterfall</a>; 14°29′58.6″ N, 104°20′09.4″ E; 256 m a.s.l.; 10 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol leg.; CUMZ • 8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Surin Province, Bua Chet District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.00528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.474166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.00528/lat 14.474166)">Wat Tham Pha Sai</a>; 14°28′27″ N, 104°00′19″ E; 200 m a.s.l.; 30 Jul. 2022; N. Srimongkol, N. Tungpairojwong and MZKKU students leg.; MZKKU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 14°28′27″ N, 104°00′19″ E; 200 m a.s.l.; 30 Jul. 2022; N. Srimongkol, N. Tungpairojwong and MZKKU students leg.; CUMZ .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Vietnam, Dong Nai Province, Cat Tien National Park.</p><p>Description of specimens from Thailand</p><p>For the full description of type specimens, see Gray (1832) and Golovatch et al. (2012).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Males: body length 7.0– 10.8 mm (neotype and Vietnamese specimens= 14.7–18.9 mm); width (= broadest) of head= 2.9–3.8 mm, of collum = 2.5–3.6 mm, of thoracic shield = 4.5–5.5 mm, of tergite 7= 4.4–5.6 mm, of anal shield = 4.2–5.3 mm; height (= highest) of head = 2.3–2.7 mm, of collum= 2.9–3.4 mm, of thoracic shield = 3.2–3.5 mm, of tergite 7= 3.4–3.7 mm, of anal shield = 2.9– 3.1 mm. Females: body length 7.2–12.5 mm; width (= broadest) of head = 3.0–4.0 mm, of collum = 2.8– 3.8 mm, of thoracic shield= 4.7–5.9 mm, of tergite 7 = 4.6–6.3 mm, of anal shield = 4.4–5.7 mm; height (=highest) of head = 2.4–2.9 mm, of collum = 2.8–3.7 mm, of thoracic shield= 3.3–4.1 mm, of tergite 7= 3.5–4.2 mm, of anal shield =3.0–4.0 mm.</p><p>COLOURATION (Fig. 10A–F). Live specimens greenish dark (dark olive green). Antennae, head and collum dark or greenish dark. Thoracic shield, pleurites and legs greenish dark. Tergites with two big, separated patches, yellowish brown or yellowish gold, arranged in almost central part of anterior half; lateral part of tergites greenish dark, posterior edge dark brown. Anal shield with two colours, contrasting each other; posterior half greenish dark; anterior half yellowish brown or yellowish gold. Colour in alcohol after 1 year of preservation not changed.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 11A). Trapeziform; sparsely setose. Clypeus (cl) covered by numerous long setae; posterior portion with a few setae. Anterior edge of labrum with single conspicuous tooth. Each eye with 60–80 ommatidia (o). Aberrant ocellus located almost inside antennal groove.</p><p>ANTENNAE (Figs 11A, 12A–D). Short and stout; all antennomeres covered by long and dense setae; last antennomere extending posteriorly to tarsus of leg pair 2. Lengths of antennomeres: 6&gt;5&gt;4&gt;3&gt;2=1. Antennomere 6 thickened and stout, widened apically, axe-shaped, with sensilla basiconica (sb) surrounding antennal disc. Shape of antennae sexually dimorphic, slightly flattened in males, and more cylindrical in females. Antennal disc (ad) flat, slightly concave; with 35–47 apical cones (ac) in males and 35–43 cones in females. Between antennal socket and ommatidia without ridges or crests.</p><p>TÖMÖSVÁRY’ S ORGAN (Fig. 11A–C). Tömösváry’s organ (to) isolated from ommatidium, located at a projecting brim between ommatidia and antennal socket, close to anterior margin of ommatidia. Smaller in size than individual ommatidium.</p><p>EPIPHARYNX (Fig. 11D). Apically with single and conspicuous central tooth (ct); centrally with one inner tooth (sclerotized plate), conspicuous and swollen; laterally (inner area) surrounded by single row of conical spines (rsp); outer area with several rows of long external teeth (et), each side with 26–28 small cuticular scales (= cs).</p><p>GNATHOCHILARIUM (Fig. 11E–I) Sparsely setose. Lamellae linguales (ll) oval and slightly concave apically. Central pads (cpd) modified, with two types of papillae or sensory cones (sc), large and small ones; large papilla circular, located on pillow; second one smaller, without pillow. Stipites (st) large and quite stout. Mentum (me) fused; large and broad; apico-laterally portion not protruding (without mentum process). Inner palpi (ip) with numerous sensory cones (sc) arranged in single field; each sensory cone short and swollen. Hypopharynx (hyp) with single tooth; laterally with single row of sclerotized spines. Lateral palpi inconspicuous.</p><p>MANDIBLES (GNATHAL LOBES) (Fig. 11J–L). External tooth (Et) undivided. Inner tooth with 3-cusped (3-combed inner tooth=3it); each equal in size. Pectinate lamellae (pl) with 5 rows of teeth. Inner area (Ia) with two types of teeth; innermost one large and outermost one small. Condylus (co) at anterior margin with two distinct ridges. Molar plate (mp) almost flat in general.</p><p>TEGUMENT (Fig. 10A–F). Shining. Collum, thoracic shield, tergite, and anal shield densely microscopic setose; each seta located in a tiny pit.</p><p>COLLUM. Dull; subsemicircular; densely setose cover. Tip of lateral margin obtuse.</p><p>THORACIC SHIELD. Anteriorly with a large groove, separated by a long ridge. Laterally with conspicuous ridges.</p><p>MIDBODY TERGITE. Dorsally with conspicuous crest (circular impressions) and small crests at anterior margin. Inner area with single row of sclerotized grains (crenate barrier) separating wide and shallow groove. Tips of paratergites slightly projecting posteroventrad.</p><p>PARATERGITES (Fig. 10B). Paratergites weakly curved and directed posteroventrad; tip of first paratergite slender and sharp; tip of paratergites 2–10 obtuse and wide.</p><p>ANAL SHIELD. Sexually dimorphic, more rectangular in males, large and more rounded in females. Surface covered by dense and tiny setae. Inner surface (underside) with single, long, black locking carina, located almost half breadth of last laterotergite.</p><p>ENDOTERGUM OF THORACIC SHIELD AND MIDBODY TERGITE (Figs 22C–D, 23C–D). Thoracic shield somewhat similar to midbody tergite. Midbody tergite with modified posterior margin (pm), ‘trapezoidal-wavy’, marginal edge of each trapezoidal lobe overlapped to one another. Outer area (oa) with crests or ridges, without setae. Inner area (ia) with small setiferous tubercles. Middle area (ma) with single row of large, elliptic, cuticular impressions (cp); distance between impressions slightly longer than individual diameter. Bristles arranged in two rows, longest bristles not reaching to posterior margin.</p><p>PLEURITES (LATEROTERGITES) (Fig. 12O–P). First pleurite slender, boomerang-like; apical margin attenuated, projecting towards paratergite 1. Pleurite 2 short with obtuse apex; well-rounded; tip obtuse; projecting less than first one. All remaining pleurites with oblong lamella-like; flat; well-rounded apex; not projecting. Sparsely setose.</p><p>SUBANAL PLATE OF FEMALE (Fig. 12Q). Sparsely setose. Trapeziform; undivided; slender; tip narrow; apical margin (central margin) slightly concave.</p><p>STIGMATIC PLATES (Fig. 12E–F). First stigmatic plate (st-pl) subtriangular; wide; apex round, slightly curved towards coxa. Second stigmatic plate in both sexes triangular; swollen; slightly curved towards coxa.</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 12E–N). All podomeres sparsely long setose. Coxa (cx) large; as long as prefemur (pre). Coxal process absent in leg pairs 1 and 2; legs 3–21 laterally with large and well-rounded dentate process. Prefemur (pre) of leg 10 quite stout; apico-mesally without projection, mesal margin without teeth. Femur (fe) of leg 10 ca 1.8 times as long as wide; slightly long and slender; apico-mesally with small spines (Sp), forming dentate margin; with long ridge (rdg) in all leg-pairs (clearly seen in posterior view), except for leg-pair 1 without long ridge. Postfemur (po) and tibia (ti) of leg 10 quite short; tarsus (ta) of leg 10 quite long, ca 3.2 times as long as wide. Leg-pairs 1–3 without apical spine. Leg-pair 1 with 1 ventral spine. Leg-pair 2 with 2–3 ventral spines. Leg-pair 3 with 4–5 ventral spines. Leg-pairs 4–18 with 5 or 6 ventral spines and 2 or 3 apical spines. Leg-pairs 19–21 with 3–4 ventral spines and 1 or 2 apical spines. Claw (cl) normal, with a conspicuous notch at base.</p><p>MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 12G–H). Gonopore (go) small but conspicuous; covered by single, triangular, sclerotized membranous plate. Coxae 2 without membranous process (Mp) at mesal margin.</p><p>ANTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 13A, C–J). Consisting of 4 telopoditomeres. All telopoditomeres sparsely setose, except for process of telopoditomere 2 without setae. First telopoditomere rectangular. Telopoditomere 2 slender. Process of telopoditomere 2 (= immovable finger) unciform, relatively short, as long as telopoditomere 3; tip curved, reaching to halfway of telopoditomere 4, apically with conspicuous sclerotized spots (scl-s); margin towards telopoditomere 3 with small membranous lobe (ml). Telopoditomere 3 longer than telopoditomere 4, ca 1.5 times as long as wide; with one tiny, short, sclerotized spine (sp) located on conspicuous membranous lobe at inner margin; apically with 1–2 tiny crenulated teeth (cr-t). Telopoditomere 4 short, stout, clearly demarcated from telopoditomere 3, apically round; tip directed mesad, with two small membranous lobes, each with one sclerotized spine on posterior side.</p><p>POSTERIOR TELOPODS (Fig. 13A–C, K–N). Inner lobes (iL) densely setose. Inner horns (ih) glabrous; tip slightly curved caudad. Telopod with four telopoditomeres; sparsely setose; dorsal side of process of telopoditomere 2, apical part of telopoditomere 3 and all of telopoditomere 4 without setae. First telopoditomere wide and stout, almost twice as wide as long. Telopoditomere 2 large. Process of telopoditomere 2 (=immovable finger) as long as combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (= movable finger); slender; 3 times as long as wide; apically curved; posterior side with sclerotized spots (scl-s); margin towards movable finger with two massive, digitiform, membranous lobes (ml). Telopoditomere 3 long; 2.5 times as long as wide; mesal margin with large, swollen, membranous lobe and one sclerotized spine (sp); postero-apically enlarged, with row of 8 or 9 sclerotized, crenulated teeth (cr-t). Telopoditomere 4 slender; apex round, curving dorsad, with two long sclerotized spines located on swollen membranous lobe.</p><p>FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 12I–J). Vulva large, covering ca ½ of coxa, located at mesal side, extending mesally to basal of prefemur. Bursa (bu) separated from operculum by triangular groove. Operculum (O) conspicuous, wide dorsoventrally, mesal margin slightly round; distally not protruding.</p><p>Distribution and habitat</p><p>Zephronia ovalis has a wide distribution, extending from its type locality in southern Vietnam to northeastern Thailand, covering a range of at least 500 kilometers (Fig. 3). All newly collected specimens were found in mixed deciduous forests within sandstone mountain regions (Fig. 10G–H), whereas the type specimens were originally discovered in lowland tropical forests.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The newly collected specimens from Thailand exhibit notable morphological differences from the neotype designated by Golovatch et al. (2012) from Vietnam. Specifically, the Thai material possesses 35–47 apical cones on the antennal disc, compared to 62–73 in the Vietnamese neotype. The midbody endotergum features two rows of bristles, whereas the neotype displays three. Additionally, the tip of the longest bristle in the Thai specimens does not extend beyond the posterior margin, in contrast to the Vietnamese specimen where it does. The posterior margin of the endotergum in the Thai specimens is wavy-rectangular, while it is slightly undulate in the neotype. Furthermore, the movable finger of the posterior telopod bears 8–9 crenulated teeth in the Thai material, as opposed to 16 in the neotype. The COI sequence divergence between the Thai and Vietnamese specimens ranges from 4.87% to 5.63%, indicating a modest genetic distance. See also Table 2.</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>Vietnam, Dong Nai; ZFMK Myr 0832; JX486068; (Table 1) • Thailand, Sisaket; MZKKU (M180); PX526103; (Table 1) • Thailand, Sisaket; MZKKU (M181); PX526104; (Table 1) • Thailand, Surin; MZKKU (M204); PX526105; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE07FF8FFDFFFE89FCB74C0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE3CFF8FFE3DFAE4FB5B4E25.text	F24EBD4FCE3CFF8FFE3DFAE4FB5B4E25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia panhai Srisonchai, Sutcharit & Likhitrakarn 2021	<div><p>Zephronia panhai Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021</p><p>Figs 2–3, 4M–R</p><p>Zephronia panhai Srisonchai, Sutcharit &amp; Likhitrakarn, 2021: 41 .</p><p>Zephronia panhai – Bhansali &amp; Wesener 2022: 376. — Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi, and Ratchaburi Provinces (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in limestone habitats. See Srisonchai et al. (2021: figs 11–12).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>ZFMK MYR 8118; OM509643; (Table 1) • MHNG 3A; OM509644; (Table 1) • ZFMK MYR 8116; OM509645; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE3CFF8FFE3DFAE4FB5B4E25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE3CFF8CFE7CF8C2FAD64B04.text	F24EBD4FCE3CFF8CFE7CF8C2FAD64B04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia phrain Likhitrakarn & Golovatch 2021	<div><p>Zephronia phrain Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch, 2021</p><p>Figs 1, 3</p><p>Zephronia phrain Likhitrakarn &amp; Golovatch in Likhitrakarn et al., 2021: 19.</p><p>Zephronia phrain – Srisonchai et al. 2021: 29. — Bhansali &amp; Wesener 2022: 375. — Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Chiang Mai, Lamphun and Tak Provinces (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in limestone and granitic habitats. See Likhitrakarn et al. (2021: figs 5–6).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>ZFMK MYR 3499; OM509634; (Table 1) • ZFMK MYR3500; OM509635; (Table 1) • SMF; OM509636; (Table 1) • SMF; OM509637; (Table 1) • SMF; OM509638; (Table 1) • ZFMK MYR 4907; OM509639; (Table 1) • MHNG 5G; OM509640; (Table 1) • MHNG 5I; OM509641; (Table 1) • NHMD K35; OM509642; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE3CFF8CFE7CF8C2FAD64B04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE3FFF8CFDC6FDE5FACD4D4D.text	F24EBD4FCE3FFF8CFDC6FDE5FACD4D4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia siamensis Hirst 1907	<div><p>Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907</p><p>Figs 2–3</p><p>Zephronia siamensis Hirst, 1907: 218 .</p><p>Zephronia siamensis – Attems 1914: 147; 1936: 182. — Jeekel 2001: 21. — Enghoff 2005: 89. — Golovatch et al. 2012: 276. — Wongthamwanich et al. 2012: 30. — Wesener 2016: 35. — Srisonchai et al. 2021: 22. — Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 56.</p><p>Zephronia cf. siamensis – Decker 2010: 25.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Rayong, and Sa Kaeo provinces (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in limestone and granitic habitats. See Srisonchai et al. (2021: figs 3–4).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>FMNH-INS-72669; JX486067.2; (Table 1) • CUMZ; OR530089; (Table 1) • CUMZ (D397); PP754591; (Table 1) • CUMZ (M455); PP754592; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE3FFF8CFDC6FDE5FACD4D4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE3FFF84FE22FB2AFDE348FD.text	F24EBD4FCE3FFF84FE22FB2AFDE348FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia sukhothaiensis Srimongkol & Ruangchai & Tungpairojwong & Srisonchai 2026	<div><p>Zephronia sukhothaiensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0 EA66571 -EEF8-4E5F-98CE-0291B2266B3D</p><p>Figs 2– 3, 4S–X, 14– 17, 22E–F, 23E–F</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zephronia sukhothaiensis sp. nov. belongs to the Zephronia s. str. species group based on the position of Tömösváry’s organ, located next to the aberrant ocelli, not inside the antennal socket. Body grey / brownish, grey / greyish brown; leg-pairs 3 usually with 5–7 ventral spines; longest bristles of midbody endotergum not reaching to posterior margin; immovable finger (process) of telopoditomere 2 of anterior telopods relatively short, shorter than the combination of telopoditomeres 3+4. Similar in these aspects to Z. chrysomallos, Z. erawani and Z. panhai, but differs from them by a combination of the following characters: endotergum of midbody tergite with one row of bristles (vs 2 or 3 rows); leg-pair 3 usually with 1–3 apical spines (vs 1 spine); coxa of leg-pair 2 in male with conspicuous, long, membranous process, being unique among grey-bodied congeners (vs without membranous process).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name is a Latin adjective and refers to the province where the type locality is located.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype THAILAND • ♂; Sukhothai Province, Ban Dan Lan Hoi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.55361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.153805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.55361/lat 17.153805)">Wat Khao Fang</a>; 17°09′13.7″ N, 99°33′13.0″ E; 100 m a.s.l.; 29 Jul. 2023; N. Srimongkol, R. Srisonchai and MZKKU students leg.; MZKKU-MYR0017.</p><p>Paratypes THAILAND • 26 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; MZKKU-MYR0018 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NHMD • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NHMW • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ZFMK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; CUMZ-zeph0039 .</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>THAILAND • 3 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, 6 juveniles; Sukhothai Province, Ban Dan Lan Hoi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.55012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.137806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.55012/lat 17.137806)">Tham Yok Monastery</a>; 17°08′16.1″ N, 99°33′00.4″ E; ca 100 m a.s.l.; 16 Sep. 2022; N. Likhitrakarn leg.; MZKKU • 111 ♂♂, 163 ♀♀, 12 juveniles; same data as for holotype; MZKKU .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS OF MALE HOLOTYPE. Body length 18.2 mm; width (= broadest) of head = 5.5 mm, of collum = 5.6 mm, of thoracic shield = 9.6 mm, of tergite 7= 10.2 mm, of anal shield= 9.2 mm; height (=highest) of head = 3.2 mm, of collum =2.0 mm, of thoracic shield = 5.2 mm, of tergite 7= 6.3 mm, of anal shield= 5.8 mm.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS OF PARATYPES. Males: body length 15.8–18.3 mm; width (= broadest) of head = 4.2– 5.6 mm, of collum = 4.3–5.7 mm, of thoracic shield = 7.4–9.8 mm, of tergite 7 = 7.9–10.3 mm, of anal shield= 7.2–9.3 mm; height (= highest) of head = 2.6–3.3 mm, of collum = 1.6–2.1 mm, of thoracic shield= 4.4–5.4 mm, of tergite 7= 5.1–6.4 mm, of anal shield= 4.9–5.8 mm. Females: body length 16.5– 22.9 mm; width (= broadest) of head= 4.7–6.2 mm, of collum =5.0–7.0 mm, of thoracic shield= 7.5– 11.5 mm, of tergite 7= 8.3–12.1 mm, of anal shield = 7.5–10.9 mm; height (=highest) of head =3.1– 4.0 mm, of collum= 1.7–2.6 mm, of thoracic shield = 4.6–6.1 mm, of tergite 7= 5.6–7.9 mm, of anal shield= 5.1–7.6 mm.</p><p>COLOURATION (Fig. 14A–F). Specimens in life brownish grey. Head and collum brown to dark brown. Thoracic shield light brown. Antenna greenish grey. Tergites and anal shield brownish grey, except posterior margins dark brown and paratergites light brown. Middle part of tergites (dorsal view) with dark brown stripe when curled up. Legs greenish grey. A few basal podomeres of legs light brown. Colour in alcohol after 1 year of preservation changed to light grey.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 15A). Subtrapeziform. Anterior portion of clypeus (cl) covered by numerous long setae; posterior portion with sparse setae, each seta situated inside tiny pit. Labrum with single tooth on anterior margin. Each eye with 70–75 ommatidia (o). Aberrant ocellus located near brim of antennal groove (at upper part of groove).</p><p>ANTENNAE (Figs 15A, 16A–D). Short and stout; all antennomeres covered by long and dense setae; last antennomere extending posteriorly to tarsus of leg pair 2 or 3. Lengths of antennomeres: 6&gt; 5&gt; 4 = 3&gt; 2 = 1. Antennomere 6 thickened, slightly flattened apically, axe-shaped, with sensilla basiconica (sb) surrounding antennal disc. Shape of antennae sexually dimorphic, slightly flattened in males, and more cylindrical in females. Antennal disc (ad) flat, slightly concave, with 38–45 apical cones (ac) in males and 24–36 cones in females. Between antennal socket and ommatidia without ridges or crests.</p><p>TÖMÖSVÁRY’ S ORGAN (Fig. 15A–C). Tömösváry’s organ (to) separated from ommatidium, located at projecting brim between ommatidia and antennal groove; equal in size to individual ommatidium. Pore with dentate inner structure.</p><p>EPIPHARYNX (Fig. 15D). Apically with large central tooth (ct); inner region with large, conspicuous tooth; laterally (inner area) surrounded by single row of short conical spines (rsp); outer area with group of several external teeth (et); at base close to et with 45–50 small triangular, cuticular scales (cs) on each side.</p><p>GNATHOCHILARIUM (Fig. 15E–I). Densely setose. Lamellae linguales (ll) oval, quite narrow, apically truncate. Central pads (cpd) modified, with large and small sensory cones (sc), large one with pillow and small one without pillow. Stipites (st) large and stout. Mentum (me) broad, fused, apico-laterally without mentum process. Inner palpi (ip) with numerous sensory cones (sc) arranged in single field, each cone conical, with apical depression containing inner plug-liked structure. Lateral palpi (lp) inconspicuous.</p><p>MANDIBLES (GNATHAL LOBES) (Fig. 15J–L). With conspicuous undivided external tooth (Et) and 3-cusped inner tooth (3it). Pectinate lamellae (pl) with 5–6 rows of teeth. Inner area (Ia) with numerous rows of spine-liked teeth. Condylus (co) conspicuous, apically with 2–3 ridges. Molar plate (mp) flat, regular.</p><p>TEGUMENT (Fig. 14A–F). Quite shiny. Collum, thoracic shield, tergite and anal shield densely setose; each seta located in tiny pit. Anterior margin of tergite with lower number of setae than posterior margin.</p><p>COLLUM. Subsemicircular; covered by a few short setae. Tip of lateral margin obtuse.</p><p>THORACIC SHIELD. Anteriorly with large, conspicuous groove, separated by long ridge. Laterally with conspicuous ridges.</p><p>MIDBODY TERGITE. Anterior margin with small tubercles and single row of circular impressions. Inner area with single row of crenate barrier (sclerotized grains / ridges), separating wide and shallow groove. Tips of midbody paratergite slightly curved, directed posteroventrad.</p><p>PARATERGITES (Fig. 14B). Paratergites weakly curved and directed posteroventrad; tip of first paratergite slender and sharp; tip of paratergites 2–10 obtuse and wide.</p><p>ANAL SHIELD. Sexually dimorphic, large and well-rounded in female, more slender in male. Ventral side with long locking carina; ca ⅔ as long as last laterotergite.</p><p>ENDOTERGUM OF THORACIC SHIELD AND MIDBODY TERGITE (Figs 22E–F, 23E–F). Thoracic shield resembling midbody tergite. Midbody tergite with flat and regular posterior margin (pm). Outer area (oa) without setae or tubercles. Inner area (ia) filled with numerous conspicuous long setae. Middle area (ma) with single row of conspicuous, elliptical cuticular impressions (cp); distance between impressions 2–4 times as long as individual diameter. Bristles short, arranged in one row, tip of longest bristles reaching to middle part of outer area.</p><p>PLEURITES (LATEROTERGITES) (Fig. 16P–Q). First pleurite slender, boomerang-like, apical margin (apex) sharp, strongly projecting posterioriad towards paratergite 1. Pleurite 2 short, wider than first one, apical margin obtuse, weakly curved posteriorly. All remaining pleurites flat and wide, lamella-like, with well-rounded apex, not projecting. Densely setose.</p><p>SUBANAL PLATE OF FEMALE (Fig. 16R). Trapeziform, undivided, large and broad, apical margin (tip) truncate/slightly concave. Sparsely setose.</p><p>STIGMATIC PLATES (Fig. 16E–F). First stigmatic plate (st-pl) large, subsemicircular, tip obtuse. Second stigmatic plates in both sexes subtriangular, not curving.</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 16E–O). All podomeres densely setose. Coxa (cx) large, as long as femur (fe). Coxal process absent in leg-pairs 1 and 2, but present in legs 3–21 with dentate process marginally. Coxa of leg pair 2 in males mesally with conspicuous membranous process (Mp), but absent in females. Prefemur (pre) of leg 10 stout, apico-mesally without projection, mesal margin with inconspicuous spines. Femur of leg 10 slightly short and stout, ca 1.6 times as long as wide, apico-mesally extended, carrying 10–13 small triangular spines (Sp). Femoral ridge (rdg) present and conspicuous in all femurs. Postfemur (po) and tibia (ti) of leg 10 short, tarsus (ta) long, ca 4 times as long as wide. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 without apical spine. Leg-pair 1 with 2–3 ventral spines. Leg-pair 2 with 6–7 ventral spines. Leg-pair 3 with 7–8 ventral spines and 1–3 apical spines. Leg-pair 4 with 7–9 ventral spines and 3 apical spines. Leg-pairs 5–18 with 9–10 ventral spines and 3 apical spines. Leg-pairs 19–21 decreased to 7–8 ventral spines and 3 apical spines. Claw (cl) normal, at base with a notch, conspicuous.</p><p>MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 16G–H). Gonopore (go) large, located at mesal margin, covered by single, triangular, sclerotized, membranous plate, surrounded by long setae. Apical margin of coxae with conspicuous membranous process (Mp), large and long, projecting ventrad.</p><p>ANTERIOR TELOPODS (Figs 4S–U, 17A, C–J). With 4 telopoditomeres. Densely setose, except for basal part of telopoditomere 1 and process of telopoditomere 2 (=immovable finger) without setae. First telopoditomere rectangular, large, slightly longer than wide. Telopoditomere 2 stout. Process of telopoditomere 2 quite short, shorter than combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (= movable finger); tip obtuse, strongly curved and directed anteriad; inner margin with conspicuous membranous lobe (ml), apically with sclerotized spots (scl-s). Telopoditomere 3 twice as long as telopoditomere 4, partly demarcated from telopoditomere 4 by conspicuous suture (clearly visible only in ventral view), with small, short, sclerotized spine (sp), located on conspicuous membranous lobe at inner margin, apically with 3–4 small crenulated teeth (cr-t). Telopoditomere 4 short, tip round, with two small membranous lobes, each with one sclerotized spine on posterior side.</p><p>POSTERIOR TELOPODS (Figs 4V–W, 17A–C, K–N). Inner lobes (iL) densely setose. Inner horns (ih) glabrous at base, sharp-edged tip, slightly curving caudad. Telopod with 4 telopoditomeres, covered by numerous long setae, clearly visible in anterior view; base of telopoditomere 1, apical margin of telopoditomeres 2–3 and telopoditomere 4 without setae. First telopoditomere large and stout, slightly longer than wide. Telopoditomere 2 large and stout. Process of telopoditomere 2 (=immovable finger) slightly shorter than combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (= movable finger); tip obtuse, strongly curved, directed anteroventrad, reaching towards tip of telopoditomere 4; inner margin with conspicuous rows of sclerotized spots (scl-s); margin towards movable finger with two large, swollen, membranous lobes (ml). Telopoditomere 3 long, ca 2.7 times as long as wide, apically curved, inner margin with one sclerotized spine (sp), located on large membranous lobe, posteriorly with row of 10–12 small crenulated teeth (cr-t). Telopoditomere 4 short, 3 times as short as telopoditomere 3, ca 1.5 times as long as wide; inner margin with large, conspicuous, swollen membranous lobe carrying two long evident sclerotized spines; tip slightly round, directed dorsomesad.</p><p>FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 16I–J). Vulva large, covering almost ⅓ of coxa, extending mesally to basal part of prefemur. Bursa (bu) large, apically divided from operculum by triangular groove. Operculum (O) slightly round, narrow dorsoventrally, mesal margin slightly projecting into a well-rounded lobe.</p><p>Distribution and habitat</p><p>Currently, the new species is known only from its type locality in Sukhothai Province (Fig. 3), specifically near Wat Khao Fang and Tham Yok Monastery. It appears to have a limited distribution and is likely endemic to this region. All specimens were collected from limestone areas (Fig. 14G–H).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new species is characterized by a long and prominent membranous process (Mp) on the second pair of male coxa, a feature also observed in Z. enghoffi . In contrast, other closely related species in this group, typically exhibiting a grey body colouration such as Z. chrysomallos, Z. erawani, and Z. panhai, lack this large membranous process. The genetic divergence between the new species and its closest relative, Z. erawani, exceeds 11.3%.</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>MZKKU (L42); PX526106; (Table 1) • MZKKU (L43); PX526107; (Table 1) • MZKKU (M323); PX526108; (Table 1) • MZKKU (M324); PX526109; (Table 1) • MZKKU (M325); PX526110; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE3FFF84FE22FB2AFDE348FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE37FF9DFE49FD9AFEB84DDC.text	F24EBD4FCE37FF9DFE49FD9AFEB84DDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia tratensis Srimongkol & Ruangchai & Tungpairojwong & Srisonchai 2026	<div><p>Zephronia tratensis Srimongkol &amp; Srisonchai sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3C5B26FF-F3D5-43A0-B20C-533CCF4D7853</p><p>Figs 2– 3, 5S–X, 18–21, 22G–H, 23G–H</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zephronia tratensis sp. nov. belongs to the Zephronia s. str. species group based on the position of Tömösváry’s organ, located next to the aberrant ocelli, not inside the antennal socket. Adult body length medium to large&gt; 19.0 mm (19–38 mm); antenna usually with&gt; 60 apical cones; bristles of midbody endotergum arranged in 2 or 3 rows; legs 4–21 usually with 3 apical spines; posterior telopods with 12–22 crenulated teeth. Similar in these aspects to Z. enghoffi, Z. golovatchi, and Z. lannaensis, but Z. tratensis differs from them by having the combination of these characters: light brown or golden brown body colour (vs brown or dark brown); apical margin of operculum of vulva slightly concave (vs round); telopoditomeres 3 and 4 of anterior telopod incompletely demarcated from each other (vs clearly demarcated); process of telopoditomere 2 of anterior telopod very long and curved (vs short).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name is a Latin adjective referring to the province where the type locality occurs.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>THAILAND • ♂; Trat Province, Mueang District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.4288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.264055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.4288/lat 12.264055)">Khao Khun Tham Monastery</a>; 12°15′50.6″ N, 102°25′43.7″ E; 53 m a.s.l.; 14 Jun. 2023; N. Srimongkol, R. Srisonchai and MZKKU students leg.; MZKKU- MYR0019.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>THAILAND • 13 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; MZKKU- MYR0020 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NHMUK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NHMD • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NHMW • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ZFMK • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; CUMZ-zeph0040 .</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>THAILAND • 19 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀, 1 juvenile; same data as for holotype; MZKKU • 2 ♀♀, broken specimens; same data as for holotype; MZKKU .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS OF MALE HOLOTYPE. Body length 26.4 mm; width (= broadest) of head = 8.4 mm, of collum = 8.3 mm, of thoracic shield = 15.1 mm, of tergite 7= 15.6 mm, of anal shield =14.0 mm; height (= highest) of head = 4.2 mm, of collum =7.0 mm, of thoracic shield = 7.6 mm, of tergite 7= 9.2 mm, of anal shield= 7.7 mm.</p><p>MEASUREMENTS OF PARATYPES. Males: body length 19.1–28.5 mm; width (= broadest) of head = 6.3– 8.9 mm, of collum= 5.7–8.6 mm, of thoracic shield = 10.6–15.7 mm, of tergite 7= 11.0– 16.4 mm, of anal shield=9.7–15.0 mm; height (= highest) of head= 3.1–4.4 mm, of collum = 4.9–7.3 mm, of thoracic shield= 5.5–7.5 mm, of tergite 7= 7.0– 10.4 mm, of anal shield = 5.9–9.7 mm. Females: body length 22.8– 32.0 mm; width (= broadest) of head = 6.9–9.7 mm, of collum = 6.5–9.1 mm, of thoracic shield = 12.4– 17.8 mm, of tergite 7= 12.6–18.6 mm, of anal shield = 11.8–16.5 mm; height (= highest) of head =4.0– 5.7 mm, of collum = 5.4–7.8 mm, of thoracic shield = 6.2–8.9 mm, of tergite 7= 8.1–11.8 mm, of anal shield =6.4–10.0 mm.</p><p>COLOURATION (Fig. 18A–F). Specimens in life light brown or golden brown. Antennae greenish dark. Head, collum, posterior margin of tergites dark brown. Thoracic shield golden brown. Tergites, paratergites, anal shield and a few basal podomeres of legs light brown. Legs greenish brown to greenish dark. Colour in alcohol after 1 year not changed.</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 19A). Subtrapeziform, wide, stout, apically glabrous. Clypeus (cl) with sparse and short setae. Labrum with single tooth on anterior margin. Each eye with 90–100 ommatidia (o). Aberrant ocellus situated near antennal groove (at upper part of groove).</p><p>ANTENNAE (Figs 19A, 20A–D). Short; covered with long and dense setae. Lengths ca 4–5 mm; reaching backward to tarsus of leg 2 or 3. Lengths of antennomeres: 6&gt; 5&gt; 4= 3= 2= 1. Antennomere 6 thickened, extremely widened, flattened apically, axe-shaped; with sensilla basiconica (sb) surrounding antennal disc. Shape of antennae sexually dimorphic, flattened in males. Antennal disc (ad) flat; with 80–85 apical cones (ac) in males and 60–65 cones in females. No sclerotized ridge between antennal socket and ommatidia.</p><p>TÖMÖSVÁRY’S ORGAN (Fig. 19A–C). Organ of Tömösváry’ separated from ommatidium, located midway along protruding brim between antennal groove and ommatidia, smaller in diameter than individual ommatidium. Pore with conspicuous typical coral-liked structure.</p><p>EPIPHARYNX (Fig. 19D). Apically with single large central tooth (ct); inner region with one conspicuous sclerotized plate (longitudinal tooth), large and swollen; inner area covered by single row of short conical spines (rsp); outer area of both sides with group of numerous external teeth (et). On each side close to et with field of several cuticular scales (cs).</p><p>GNATHOCHILARIUM (Fig. 19E–I). Lamellae linguales (ll) oval, slightly truncate apically. Central pads (cpd) with two large and small sensory cones (sc), large one with pillow and small one without a pillow. Stipites (st) stout. Mentum (me) fused, without mentum process. Inner palpi (ip) with big and small sensory cones (sc), big ones oval, arranged together, surrounded by small ones at edge. Lateral palpi inconspicuous.</p><p>MANDIBLES (GNATHAL LOBES) (Fig. 19J–L). Gnathal lobe with undivided external tooth (Et). Inner tooth with 3-cusped (3it). Pectinate lamellae (pl) with 6 rows of conical teeth. Inner area (Ia) consisting of several rows of tiny teeth, spinelike. Condylus (co) with 2–3 distinct ridges at anterior margin. Molar plate (mp) flat, regular.</p><p>TEGUMENT (Fig. 18A–F). Quite dull. Thoracic shield, tergite and anal shield covered by short golden setae; each seta located in a tiny pit. Anterior margin of tergite with a lower number of setae than posterior one.</p><p>COLLUM. Quite glabrous; subsemicircular; covered by a few short setae. Tip of lateral margin obtuse. THORACIC SHIELD. Anteriorly with shallow, large groove, separated by long ridge. Laterally with conspicuous ridges.</p><p>MIDBODY TERGITE. Anterior margin with tubercles and single row of conspicuous circular impressions. Inner area with single row of ridges (crenate barrier), separated by shallow groove. Tip of midbody paratergite weakly projecting.</p><p>PARATERGITES (Fig. 18B). Tips of paratergites curved, projecting posteroventrad. Paratergite 1 slender, tip sharp. Paratergites 2–10 wide (wider from front to back), tip obtuse.</p><p>ANAL SHIELD. Sexually dimorphic, bell-shaped in males and well-rounded in females. Outer surface covered by dense and tiny setae. Inner surface (underside) with single locking carina, ca ⅓ as long as last laterotergite.</p><p>ENDOTERGUM OF THORACIC SHIELD AND MIDBODY TERGITE (Figs 22G–H, 23G–H). Thoracic shield as typical as midbody tergites. Midbody tergite with flat margin (pm). Outer area (oa) with tiny scale-liked tubercles. Inner area (ia) covered with setae. Middle area (ma) with single row of elliptical cuticular impressions (cp), distance between impressions 2 times as long as individual diameter. Bristles arranged in two rows, longest one reaching to posterior margin (pm).</p><p>PLEURITES (LATEROTERGITES) (Fig. 20O–P). Densely setose. First pleurite slender, boomerang-like, tip attenuate. Pleurite 2 slightly shorter than first one, tip obtuse. All remaining pleurites flat, wide, lamella-like; apical margins not extended.</p><p>SUBANAL PLATE OF FEMALE (Fig. 20Q). Large and wide; semicircular; undivided; central margin (tip) round or convex. Sparsely setose.</p><p>STIGMATIC PLATES (Fig. 20E–F). First stigmatic plate (st-pl) oval, wide and broad, apex round. Second stigmatic plate of both sexes subtriangular, without any curve.</p><p>LEGS (Fig. 20E–N). All podomeres sparsely setose. Coxa (cx) large, as long as prefemur (pre), without membranous process. Coxal process absent in leg-pairs 1 and 2, but present in legs 3–21 with a large and broad dentate ridge. Prefemur (pre) of leg 10 large, apico-mesally without projection or spine. Femur (fe) of leg 10 rather short, ca 1.5 times as long as wide, as long as prefemur, apico-mesally slightly extended mesally, with 9–11 small triangular spines (Sp). Femoral ridge (rdg) conspicuous in all legs. Postfemur (po) and tibia (ti) of leg 10 short. Tarsus (ta) of leg 10 long, ca 3.7 times as long as wide. Leg-pairs 1 and 2 without apical spine. Leg-pair 1 with 2 ventral spines. Leg-pair 2 with 4 ventral spines. Leg-pair 3 with 5–7 ventral spines and 1 apical spine. Leg-pair 4 with 8–10 ventral spines and 2 or 3 apical spines. Leg pairs 5–19 with 8–12 ventral spines and 3 apical spines. Last two leg-pairs with 7–8 ventral spines and 3 apical spines. Claw (cl) normal, at base with notch, conspicuous.</p><p>MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 20G–H). Gonopore (go) large; sparsely setose; covered by single, undivided, triangular membranous plate. Apical margin without membranous process (Mp).</p><p>ANTERIOR TELOPODS (Figs 5S–U, 21A, C–J). With 4 telopoditomeres, telopoditomere 3 indistinctly demarcated from telopoditomere 4. Densely setose, except for process of telopoditomere 2 and lower margin of telopoditomere 1 without setae. First telopoditomere large, relatively long, as long as combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (= movable finger). Telopoditomere 2 large and stout, as long as telopoditomere 3. Process of telopoditomere 2 (= immovable finger) very long and slender, longer than movable finger, tip strongly curved, directed anteriad, close to apex telopoditomere 4; inner margin with sclerotized spots (scl-s) and membranous lobe (ml). Telopoditomere 3 slender, 2 times as long as telopoditomere 4, incompletely demarcated from telopoditomere 4 when seen in anterior view, with one small, short, sclerotized spine (sp) located on a conspicuous membranous lobe at inner margin, ventrally with 3–4 small crenulated teeth (cr-t). Telopoditomere 4 short, narrows towards tip; tip round, directed mesad, with two small membranous lobes, each with one sclerotized spine on posterior side.</p><p>POSTERIOR TELOPODS (Figs 5V–W, 21A–C, K–N). Inner lobes (iL) densely setose. Inner horns (ih) glabrous at base, with sharp-edged tip, strongly curving caudad. With four telopoditomeres. Telopoditomeres 1 and 2 sparsely setose, except for glabrous process of telopoditomere 2. First telopoditomere large and stout, as long as wide. Telopoditomere 2 large. Process of telopoditomere 2 (=immovable finger) slender, slightly longer than combination of telopoditomeres 3+4 (= movable finger), apically curved, directed anteroventrad, reaching towards tip of telopoditomere 4, with conspicuous rows of sclerotized spots (scl-s), margin towards movable finger with two conical membranous lobes (ml). Telopoditomere 3 very long and slender, strongly curved apically, 4 times as long as telopoditomere 4, with one sclerotized spine (sp) located on a large, swollen, membranous lobe, posteriorly with single row of 21 or 22 crenulated teeth (cr-t). Telopoditomere 4 slender, inner margin with large, conspicuous, swollen, membranous lobe carrying two evident sclerotized spines, tip directed dorsomesad.</p><p>FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 20I–J). Vulva large and broad, covering ca ⅓ of coxa, located at mesal side, extending mesally to basal half of prefemur. Bursa (bu) large, with triangular groove. Operculum (O) slightly wide dorsoventrally, tip truncate/slightly concave, not protruding.</p><p>Distribution and habitat</p><p>Currently, the new species is known only from the type locality in Trat Province (Fig. 3). We assume that this species occurs in a small distribution area regarded here as endemic to the Thai fauna. All specimens were seen crawling on the thick leaf litter beside the trail (Fig. 18G–H).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The interspecific distance between the new species to the closely related species ( Z. golovatchi) is more than 13%.</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>MZKKU (M414); PX526111; (Table 1) • MZKKU (M415); PX526112; (Table 1) • MZKKU (M416); PX526113; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE37FF9DFE49FD9AFEB84DDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
F24EBD4FCE2EFF9DFE75FABCFB594FFD.text	F24EBD4FCE2EFF9DFE75FABCFB594FFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zephronia viridisoma Rosenmejer & Wesener 2021	<div><p>Zephronia viridisoma Rosenmejer &amp; Wesener, 2021</p><p>Figs 1, 3</p><p>Zephronia viridisoma Rosenmejer &amp; Wesener in Rosenmejer et al., 2021: 121.</p><p>Zephronia viridisoma – Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 57.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Nakhon Si Thammarat Province (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Endemic. Known to occur in limestone habitats. See Rosenmejer et al. (2021: figs 7–12).</p><p>Compiled from data in Table 1.</p><p>NHMD 621695; MW898739; (Table 1) • ZFMK MYR 8822; MW898740; (Table 1) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24EBD4FCE2EFF9DFE75FABCFB594FFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Srimongkol, Nirun;Ruangchai, Sukhum;Tungpairojwong, Nisarat;Srisonchai, Ruttapon	Srimongkol, Nirun, Ruangchai, Sukhum, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Srisonchai, Ruttapon (2026): Descriptions of two new species and a new record of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1053: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1053.3275, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3275/14457
