taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392567	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure2	Figure 2. Hoplias maranhensis sp. nov., holotype, UFOPA - I 001760, 260 mm SL, Alagadiço Stream, Itapecuru River drainage, Brazil.	Figure 2. Hoplias maranhensis sp. nov., holotype, UFOPA - I 001760, 260 mm SL, Alagadiço Stream, Itapecuru River drainage, Brazil.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392568	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure3	Figure 3. Comparative dorsal view of the head showing the pronounced ridge at the posterior angular end of the ascending process of the premaxilla in Hoplias maranhensis vs. slightly developed or no ridge in Hoplias malabaricus. H. maranhensis: UFOPA / LGBIO – CAX 12, 130 mm SL (A); UFOPA - I 001757, 161 mm SL (B); UNMDP 5393, 195 mm SL (C); and H. malabaricus: MNHN-IC- 1901-0381, 132 mm SL (collected in Ouanary River, French Guiana, in 1976) (D); MHNG 2752.085, 159 mm SL (collected in Saramacca River, Suriname, in 2014) (E); MNHN 2003-2527, 204 mm SL (collected in Orapu River, French Guiana, in 2003) (F).	Figure 3. Comparative dorsal view of the head showing the pronounced ridge at the posterior angular end of the ascending process of the premaxilla in Hoplias maranhensis vs. slightly developed or no ridge in Hoplias malabaricus. H. maranhensis: UFOPA / LGBIO – CAX 12, 130 mm SL (A); UFOPA - I 001757, 161 mm SL (B); UNMDP 5393, 195 mm SL (C); and H. malabaricus: MNHN-IC- 1901-0381, 132 mm SL (collected in Ouanary River, French Guiana, in 1976) (D); MHNG 2752.085, 159 mm SL (collected in Saramacca River, Suriname, in 2014) (E); MNHN 2003-2527, 204 mm SL (collected in Orapu River, French Guiana, in 2003) (F).	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392569	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure4	Figure 4. Comparative osteological differences between Hoplias maranhensis UNMDP 5377, 280 mm SL (A, D, G); Hoplias auri UFOPA / LGBIO-CRP 71, 235 mm SL (B); UNMDP 5391, 211 mm SL (E); UFOPA / LGBIO-CRP 74, 246 mm SL (H); and Hoplias argentinensis UNMDP 5390, 287 mm SL (C, F, I). A – C. Pectoral girdle, showing the postcleithrum 1 (Pc 1) and postcleithrum 2 (Pc 2); D – F. First proximal pterygiophore (Pt 1) of the dorsal fin; G – I. Articulation pattern of principal caudal-fin rays with lower hypural bones, showing differences in ray connections with parahypural (Ph), hypural 1 (Hy 1), and hypural 2 (Hy 2).	Figure 4. Comparative osteological differences between Hoplias maranhensis UNMDP 5377, 280 mm SL (A, D, G); Hoplias auri UFOPA / LGBIO-CRP 71, 235 mm SL (B); UNMDP 5391, 211 mm SL (E); UFOPA / LGBIO-CRP 74, 246 mm SL (H); and Hoplias argentinensis UNMDP 5390, 287 mm SL (C, F, I). A – C. Pectoral girdle, showing the postcleithrum 1 (Pc 1) and postcleithrum 2 (Pc 2); D – F. First proximal pterygiophore (Pt 1) of the dorsal fin; G – I. Articulation pattern of principal caudal-fin rays with lower hypural bones, showing differences in ray connections with parahypural (Ph), hypural 1 (Hy 1), and hypural 2 (Hy 2).	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392570	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure5	Figure 5. Comparative morphology of the premaxilla in Hoplias maranhensis UNMDP 5377, 280 mm SL (A, C) and Hoplias auri UNMDP 5392, 215 mm SL (B, D). A, B. Frontal view of the skulls, showing the shape of the premaxillary bone (Pm); C, D. Illustration of the premaxilla, highlighting differences in the shape of the ascending process, the medial expansion, and the foramen position.	Figure 5. Comparative morphology of the premaxilla in Hoplias maranhensis UNMDP 5377, 280 mm SL (A, C) and Hoplias auri UNMDP 5392, 215 mm SL (B, D). A, B. Frontal view of the skulls, showing the shape of the premaxillary bone (Pm); C, D. Illustration of the premaxilla, highlighting differences in the shape of the ascending process, the medial expansion, and the foramen position.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392571	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure6	Figure 6. Box plots comparing measurements that differentiate species of the H. malabaricus species-group in freshwater of Brazil: Hoplias auri (blue), Hoplias malabaricus (pink), and Hoplias maranhensis (orange). Each box represents the interquartile range, with the horizontal line indicating the median. Whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values, and outliers are shown as individual points. The red cross marks the mean value for each species.	Figure 6. Box plots comparing measurements that differentiate species of the H. malabaricus species-group in freshwater of Brazil: Hoplias auri (blue), Hoplias malabaricus (pink), and Hoplias maranhensis (orange). Each box represents the interquartile range, with the horizontal line indicating the median. Whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values, and outliers are shown as individual points. The red cross marks the mean value for each species.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392572	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure7	Figure 7. Progressive reduction of dark stripes radiating from the infraorbitals in Hoplias maranhensis. A. UNMDP 5380, 116 mm SL; B. UFOPA / LGBIO – CAX 17, 155 mm SL; C. UFOPA - I 001757, 170 mm SL. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figure 7. Progressive reduction of dark stripes radiating from the infraorbitals in Hoplias maranhensis. A. UNMDP 5380, 116 mm SL; B. UFOPA / LGBIO – CAX 17, 155 mm SL; C. UFOPA - I 001757, 170 mm SL. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392573	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure8	Figure 8. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the five species of the Hoplias malabaricus species-group. Left: Projections of individuals’ scores onto the fourth factorial plane of PCA; PC 1 - PC 2 (A); PC 1 - PC 3 (C); PC 2 - PC 3 (E); PC 1 - PC 4 (G). Right: Correlation between interlandmark distances and principal components: PC 1 - PC 2 (B); PC 1 - PC 3 (D); PC 2 - PC 3 (F); PC 1 - PC 4 (H). H. mbigua (black squares), H. misionera (green diamonds), H. argentinensis (blue diamonds), H. auri (yellow triangles), H. maranhensis (red triangles).	Figure 8. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the five species of the Hoplias malabaricus species-group. Left: Projections of individuals’ scores onto the fourth factorial plane of PCA; PC 1 - PC 2 (A); PC 1 - PC 3 (C); PC 2 - PC 3 (E); PC 1 - PC 4 (G). Right: Correlation between interlandmark distances and principal components: PC 1 - PC 2 (B); PC 1 - PC 3 (D); PC 2 - PC 3 (F); PC 1 - PC 4 (H). H. mbigua (black squares), H. misionera (green diamonds), H. argentinensis (blue diamonds), H. auri (yellow triangles), H. maranhensis (red triangles).	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392566	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure1	Figure 1. Box-truss showing interlandmark distances based on 11 homologous anatomical landmarks collected in the specimens of the five different species of the Hoplias malabaricus species-group analyzed. Box-truss numbers in Roman numerals.	Figure 1. Box-truss showing interlandmark distances based on 11 homologous anatomical landmarks collected in the specimens of the five different species of the Hoplias malabaricus species-group analyzed. Box-truss numbers in Roman numerals.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392574	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure9	Figure 9. Discriminant analysis of the five species of the Hoplias malabaricus species-group: H. maranhensis (red triangles), H. auri (yellow triangles), H. argentinensis (blue diamonds), H. mbigua (black squares), and H. misionera (green triangles). Black empty squares indicate group centroid location.	Figure 9. Discriminant analysis of the five species of the Hoplias malabaricus species-group: H. maranhensis (red triangles), H. auri (yellow triangles), H. argentinensis (blue diamonds), H. mbigua (black squares), and H. misionera (green triangles). Black empty squares indicate group centroid location.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392575	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure10	Figure 10. Caudal skeleton illustration of Hoplias maranhensis, showing the articulation pattern of principal caudal-fin rays with hypural bones.	Figure 10. Caudal skeleton illustration of Hoplias maranhensis, showing the articulation pattern of principal caudal-fin rays with hypural bones.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392576	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure11	Figure 11. Pectoral girdle illustration of Hoplias maranhensis, showing the shape and spatial arrangement of bones, including the anterior expansion of postcleithrum 1, an evaluated informative trait.	Figure 11. Pectoral girdle illustration of Hoplias maranhensis, showing the shape and spatial arrangement of bones, including the anterior expansion of postcleithrum 1, an evaluated informative trait.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392577	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure12	Figure 12. Illustrative dorsal-fin structure of Hoplias maranhensis.	Figure 12. Illustrative dorsal-fin structure of Hoplias maranhensis.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392578	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure13	Figure 13. Neighbor-joining tree of Hoplias maranhensis and related species of the H. malabaricus species-group. Blue indicates the new species. The black lateral bars show the partitions of species delimitation through BIN, ABGD, and ASAP analyses. Values in branches indicate bootstrap values.	Figure 13. Neighbor-joining tree of Hoplias maranhensis and related species of the H. malabaricus species-group. Blue indicates the new species. The black lateral bars show the partitions of species delimitation through BIN, ABGD, and ASAP analyses. Values in branches indicate bootstrap values.	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
49EE74AB3E6A5F378B198A5A8596975B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1392579	https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.155287.figure14	Figure 14. Known distribution of Hoplias maranhensis in the Western Northeast Atlantic based on material examined herein (circles indicate paratype localities; star indicates type locality).	Figure 14. Known distribution of Hoplias maranhensis in the Western Northeast Atlantic based on material examined herein (circles indicate paratype localities; star indicates type locality).	2025-08-11	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.		Zenodo	biologists	Guimarães, Karen L. A.;Rosso, Juan J.;González-Castro, Mariano;do Nascimento Andrade, Sarah J.;Brito, Pâmella S.;Guimarães, Erick C.;Díaz de Astarloa, Juan M.;Rodrigues, Luís R. R.			
