identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EE3F87BEEA782F2FFF37FDFABD489847.text	EE3F87BEEA782F2FFF37FDFABD489847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aenescens Bernhauer 1915	<div><p>Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aenescens Bernhauer, 1915</p><p>(Figs 1–4)</p><p>Gyrophaena aenescens Bernhauer 1915: 157 .</p><p>Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aenescens: Pace, 1994:124.</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype (here designated) of Gyrophaena aenescens Bernhauer, 1915 ♂ (Fig. 1; dissected prior to the present study; aedeagus glued on the same card with the specimen; labels as in Fig. 2): ‘D. Ostafrika | Daressalam | Methner’ &lt;printed&gt;, ‘ aenescens | Brh. Typus’ &lt;handwritten&gt;, ‘Chicago NHMus | M. Bernhauer | Collection’ &lt;printed&gt;, ‘ Gyrophaena ’ &lt;handwritten&gt;, ‘FMNHINS | 4728002 | FIELD MUSEUM | Pinned’ &lt;printed, with barcode on the left side of the label&gt;, ‘ Gyrophaena | aenescens BRNH. | det. R. Pace 19 [printed]84’ &lt;handwritten&gt;, ‘PHOTOGRAPHED |A. Gwilliam 2026’ &lt;blue, printed&gt;, ‘ LECTOTYPE | Gyrophaena (s.str.) | aenescens Bernhauer 1915 | I. V. Enushchenko 2026 des.’ &lt;red, printed&gt; (FMNH).</p><p>Paralectotype of Gyrophaena aenescens Bernhauer, 1915 ♀ (Fig. 3; dissected prior to the present study; aedeagus glued on the same card with the specimen; labels as in Fig. 4): first four labels as that in the holotype, ‘FMNHINS | 4728001 | FIELD MUSEUM | Pinned’ &lt;printed, with barcode on the left side of the label&gt;, ‘PHOTOGRAPHED | A. Gwilliam 2026’ &lt;blue, printed&gt;, ‘ PARALECTOTYPE | Gyrophaena (s.str.) | aenescens Bernhauer 1915 | I. V. Enushchenko 2026 des.’ &lt;red, printed&gt; (FMNH).</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 1.50–1.75 mm. Habitus as in Figs 1, 3 and fig. 28 in Pace (1994). Body reddishbrown, with slightly paler pronotum, lateroapical and posterior portions of elytra, abdominal tergites II–IV and apical segments (forebody of paratype slightly paler); antennomeres 4–11 brown; mouthparts, legs and antennomeres 1–3 yellow-brown. Head about as long as wide, with somewhat acute clypeus, smooth and shiny, with a few fine indistinct punctures in middle; eyes slightly protruded laterally. Basal antennomere robust, about three times as long as wide, antennomere 2 elongate, about as broad as and distinctly shorter than basal antennomere, 3 elongate, slightly narrower and shorter than 2, with narrow basal and distinctly broader apical portions, 4 small, strongly transverse, 1.5 times as wide as long, about twice shorter than antennomere 3, 5–10 significantly broadened, slightly broader than long, slightly more than twice longer than 4, apical antennomere about twice longer than 10, from about middle gradually narrowed toward rounded apex. Pronotum convex, 1.6 times as wide as long, 1.3 times as wide as head; surface of disc smooth and shiny, with two moderately large and shallow punctures near mediobasal and two indistinct punctures near medioapical margins. Elytra about 1.8 times as wide as long, slightly longer and 1.4 times as wide as pronotum, each with reticulate microsculpture and a few sparse and moderately large tubercles. Abdomen with reticulate microreticulation, more distinct in middle of abdominal tergites IV–VI.</p><p>Male (Fig. 1). Surface of elytra with a few sparse and large tubercles in middle. Preapical margin of abdominal tergite VII with row of long and thin tubercles slightly curved inward. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII with two widely separated and rather thin latero-apical projections curved inwards (fig. 32 in Pace 1994). Abdominal sternite VIII rounded apically.Aedeagus rather simply arranged; median lobe moderately long, very thin and curved apically in ventral view, with short relatively wide internal sac, twisted apically; basal bulb large and elongate, slightly broader than median lobe (figs 29–30 in Pace 1994).</p><p>Female (Fig. 3). Elytra smooth, without tubercles. Apical margin of the abdominal tergite VII with row of indistinct elongate and narrow median elevations inclined inward. Spermatheca elongate, slightly curved in basal and rounded in apical portions, as in fig. 31 (Pace 1994).</p><p>Comparative notes. Based on the general shapes of the head (rounded, with acute or subacute clypeus), antennomeres and the spermatheca, arrangement of pronotal and elytral punctures, the presence of tubercles and features of the microsculpture of the forebody, G. (G.) aenescens belongs to the indica group, with several species known from Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions (see details in Hashizume et al. 2025). Regarding shapes of the body, antennomeres and the aedeagus, similar features of the sculpture of the pronotum and the elytra, G. (G.) aenescens is similar to G. (G.) protoindica sp. nov., from which can be distinguished by the smaller body, different shape of the antennomere 3, different morphological features of the male tergites VII and VIII, and distinctly broader ventral plate of the aedeagus in lateral view (see additional details in Comparative notes for G. (G.) protoindica sp. nov. below).</p><p>Distribution. Gyrophaena (G.) aenescens is known only from the type locality in Tanzania.</p><p>Bionomics. Bionomical data are unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Gyrophaena aenescens was originally described from “Deutsch. Ostafrica: Daressalam ” (now Dar es Salaam, Tanzania). Based on the coloration of the body, Dr. Bernhauer attributed it to the plicata group. Pace (1994) redescribe it, designated the lectotype and provided figures of the habitus (fig. 28), the aedeagus (figs 29–30), the spermatheca (fig. 31) and the male abdominal tergite VIII (fig. 32). Since the original description was extremely short, we decide to redescribe it.</p><p>The indica group probably includes more additional species both from Africa and East Asia. It is worth noting that morphological similarities between certain species of Gyrophaena from tropical Africa and the Indo-Malayan (Oriental) region may provide strong evidence of the geological history of these areas, as well as the common origin of their ancestors.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE3F87BEEA782F2FFF37FDFABD489847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Enushchenko, Ilya V.;Shavrin, Alexey V.	Enushchenko, Ilya V., Shavrin, Alexey V. (2026): On two species of the indica group of Gyrophaena Mannerheim, 1830 from East Africa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 5792 (3): 587-592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5792.3.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5792.3.10
EE3F87BEEA7A2F2EFF37FF5FBDE398F3.text	EE3F87BEEA7A2F2EFF37FF5FBDE398F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) protoindica Enushchenko & Shavrin 2026	<div><p>Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) protoindica Enushchenko, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 5–11)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 5; dissected): ‘SW Rwanda | Nyungwe Nat. Park | 1800–2000 m 3-16.VII.2014 Sv. Kurbatova leg.’ &lt;printed&gt;, ‘ HOLOTYPE | Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) | protoindica sp. nov. | Enushchenko I. V. | 2025 des.’ &lt;red, handwritten&gt; (BMNH).</p><p>Description. Body length about 2.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 5. Body dark brown; mouthparts, antennomeres 1–3 and legs light brown (antennomeres 5–11 distinctly darker); abdomen light brown, abdominal tergites VI and VII distinctly darker. Body with weak and reticulate microsculpture. Head roughly round, with acute clypeus and several small indistinct punctures in lateral portion under eyes; eyes strongly protruded laterally. Antennomeres 5–10 subquadrate, as wide as long; basal antennomere 1.7 times as long as wide, 2 slightly narrower and as long as basal antennomere, 3 as long as and significantly narrower than 2, 4 as wide as long and twice shorter than 3, antennomeres 5–10 1.5 times as wide as and 1.5 times as long as 4, apical antennomere about twice as long as wide. Pronotum moderately flat, transverse, 1.5 times as wide as long, 1.8 times as wide as head and approximately as long as it; surface of disc with four rather large indistinct punctures (two punctures located near apical and two near basal portion) and with additional several small, shallow, indistinct punctures between them and in lateral portions; basal part of pronotum without punctures. Elytra 1.4 times as wide as long, 1.5 times as long as pronotum, with sparse and moderately large tubercles, distinctly denser in middle portion.</p><p>Male. Surface of elytra with sparse and moderately large tubercles in middle.Abdominal tergite VII with distinct semicircular median elevation near posterior margin (Fig. 6). Posterior margin of abdominal tergite VIII with three processes: lateral teeth rather slender, short and acute, slightly curved inward, median tooth as long as lateral teeth, broad and blunt (Fig. 7). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII rounded (Fig. 8). Median lobe of aedeagus simple, rather wide, lanceolate and slightly convolute, flattened (very thin in ventral view), with short rather wide, twisted internal sac on the apical portion (Fig. 9); basal bulb round, slightly broader than median lobe and distinctly broader of it if see ventrally (Fig. 10); parameres moderately short and wide, compact (Fig. 11).</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Comparative notes. Based on the general shapes of the body, antennomeres and the aedeagus, lacking of distinct reticulate microsculpture and arrangement of pronotal and elytral punctures and tubercles, G. (G.) protoindica sp. nov. is more similar to Tanzanian G. (G.) aenescens . It can be distinguished from the latter species by the larger body (body of G. (G.) aenescens: 1.50–1.75 mm), different shape of the antennomere 3 (antennomere 3 in G. (G.) aenescens with significantly narrower basal portion), the presence of semicircular median elevation near posterior margin of the male abdominal tergite VII (apical margin of the male abdominal tergite VII of G. (G.) aenescens with row of moderately elongate and narrow median elevations inclined inward), posterior margin of the male abdominal tergite VIII with two short lateral teeth, and broad and blunt median tooth (posterior margin of the male abdominal tergite VIII of G. (G.) aenescens with two moderately long, slightly curved inward lateral teeth, and wide flattened projection between them); ventral plate of the aedeagus (lateral view) narrow and acute apically (ventral plate of the aedeagus (lateral view) of G. (G.) aenescens distinctly wider and obtuse apically).</p><p>If compare a new species with other species of the indica group from Asia, it somewhat resembles G. (G.) plutenkoi, distributed in the Far Eastern Russia (Enushchenko et al. 2024). Both species have circular head with subacute clypeus, smooth surface of the body without distinct microsculpture, and the simple features of the aedeagus with an internal sac protruding outward. Gyrophaena (G.) protoindica sp. nov. can be distinguished from the latter species by shapes of subquadrate antennomeres 4–9 (distinctly elongate in G. (G.) plutenkoi), the presence of sparse and moderately large tubercles on the elytra (elytra of G. plutenkoi without tubercles), and the shape of the ventral plate of the aedeagus (curved in G. (G.) protoindica sp. nov. and straight in G. (G.) plutenkoi). However, morphological similarities mentioned above can be an example of convergence in the genus with a huge number of described species.</p><p>Distribution. Gyrophaena (G.) protoindica sp. nov. is known only from the type locality in Nyungwe Forest National Park, south-western Rwanda.</p><p>Bionomics. The holotype was collected at altitudes from 1800 to 2000 m a.s.l. Detailed bionomical data are unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is composed of the Greek prefix prôtos (meaning “first” or “initial”) and adjective indica (taken from the species name of G. (G.) indica) to indicate the relation of a new species with other species of the indica group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE3F87BEEA7A2F2EFF37FF5FBDE398F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Enushchenko, Ilya V.;Shavrin, Alexey V.	Enushchenko, Ilya V., Shavrin, Alexey V. (2026): On two species of the indica group of Gyrophaena Mannerheim, 1830 from East Africa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 5792 (3): 587-592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5792.3.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5792.3.10
