identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
31FDE963573A5F9DAE5DC46DB53320A3.text	31FDE963573A5F9DAE5DC46DB53320A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepiota fracida (Fr.) R. L. Zhao & J. X. Li	<div><p>Lepiota fracida (Fr.) R. L. Zhao &amp; J. X. Li, Fungal Divers. 135: 829 (2025).</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Agaricus fracidus Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Upsaliae): 25 (1838).</p><p>≡ Armillaria fracida (Fr.) Gillet, Hyménomycètes: 77 (1874).</p><p>≡ Chamaemyces fracidus (Fr.) Donk, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 5: 48 (1962).</p><p>≡ Drosella fracida (Fr.) Singer, Lilloa 22: 446 (1951), nom. inval.</p><p>= Lepiota irrorata Quél., Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. 11: 387 (1883).</p><p>= Lepiotella irrorata (Quél.) Konrad, Schweiz. Z. Pilzk. 12: 177 (1934).</p><p>= Drosella irrorata (Quél.) Kühner &amp; Maire, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 50: 15 (1934), nom. inval.</p><p>Sectional placement.</p><p>Lepiota sect. Cristatae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/31FDE963573A5F9DAE5DC46DB53320A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Xing;Chen, Bin;Qu, Guohua;An, Mengya;Liang, Junfeng	Li, Xing, Chen, Bin, Qu, Guohua, An, Mengya, Liang, Junfeng (2026): Studies in Lepiota (Agaricales, Verrucosporaceae): supporting the merger of Chamaemyces into Lepiota and proposing two new species. MycoKeys 133: 103-125, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.133.186351
3B9BB08C23ED51DB98BA3DE376D5BF48.text	3B9BB08C23ED51DB98BA3DE376D5BF48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepiota (Pers.) Gray	<div><p>Lepiota (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1: 601 (1821)</p><p>Type species (typ. cons.).</p><p>Agaricus colubrinus Pers. (= Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.) P. Kumm.).</p><p>= Chamaemyces Battarra ex Earle, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 5: 446 (1909).</p><p>= Lepiotella (E. J. Gilbert) Konrad, Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. Fr. 50: 26 (1934), non Lepiotella J. Rick, Lilloa 2: 251, 1938 (= Volvolepiota Singer).</p><p>= Lepiota subgen. Lepiotella E. J. Gilbert, Le Genre Amanita Persoon: 159 (1918).</p><p>= Drosella Maire, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 50: 15 (1934), nom. inval. (Art. 38.1 (a) and 38.4, ICNafp Madrid Code; Turland et al. 2025).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The type species of Chamaemyces, C. fracidus, was recently transferred to Lepiota by Li et al. (2025 a), but its infrageneric placement remained unresolved. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses with expanded sampling demonstrate that this species is robustly nested within L. sect. Cristatae . This finding provides the first sectional placement of this species and supports the merger of Chamaemyces (along with its synonyms Lepiotella and L. subg. Lepiotella) into Lepiota as established by Li et al. (2025 a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B9BB08C23ED51DB98BA3DE376D5BF48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Xing;Chen, Bin;Qu, Guohua;An, Mengya;Liang, Junfeng	Li, Xing, Chen, Bin, Qu, Guohua, An, Mengya, Liang, Junfeng (2026): Studies in Lepiota (Agaricales, Verrucosporaceae): supporting the merger of Chamaemyces into Lepiota and proposing two new species. MycoKeys 133: 103-125, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.133.186351
AB78F897AE315610A4AB5D80D36AF55A.text	AB78F897AE315610A4AB5D80D36AF55A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepiota pallidovelata X. Li & J. F. Liang 2026	<div><p>Lepiota pallidovelata X. Li &amp; J. F. Liang sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China • Jilin: Changchun City, Jinyuetan Park, 8 Jul 2004, J. R. Wang (holotype, HMJAU 3547). GenBank: ITS = MK 651643; LSU = MK 651684; rpb 2 = PX 913186; mtSSU = MK 651732 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>pallidovelata (Latin), referring to the distinctive pale (whitish to light brown) squamules on the pileus and the persistent veil remnants at its margin.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Lepiota pallidovelata is characterized by its small basidiomata, pileus with whitish to light brown squamules and veil remnants at the margin, penguin-shaped basidiospores with a suprahilar depression, clavate cheilocystidia, pileus covering a trichoderm composed of long elements (sometimes narrowing towards the apex) and a layer of short elements at their base.</p><p>Sectional placement.</p><p>Lepiota sect. Lepiota .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small (Fig. 2 A). Pileus 1.5–2.5 cm in diam, initially campanulate, becoming convex, with a blunt, light brown to brown (6 B 3–6 B 5) umbo; around the umbo, the surface breaks up into concentric, felted patches to fibrillose squamules on whitish background; squamules becoming smaller and sparser towards the margin, whitish to light brown (6 A 2–6 A 4); margin exceeding lamellae, with whitish and fibrillose veil remnants. Context whitish, thin to slightly thick. Lamellae L = 40–60, l = 1–2, free, whitish, moderately to densely crowded, ventricose; lamella edge even. Stipe 2.5–6 × 0.2–0.4 cm, subcylindrical, hollow, narrow to apex, slightly thickened at the base, light brown to brown (5 B 3–5 B 4), nearly smooth above the annular zone, lower down with distinct lanate annular zone, below which covered with dense, whitish and floccose squamules. Smell and taste not recorded. Spore print whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores (Fig. 2 B) [80 / 4 / 4] (8.0) 9.0–11.5 (12.0) × 3.5–5.0 (5.5) μm [Q = (2.00) 2.10–2.88 (3.14), Q av = 2.51 ± 0.26], penguin-shaped in side view, with suprahilar depression; adaxial side slightly convex; abaxial side nearly straight or sometimes slightly constricted; fusiform in front view; colorless, hyaline, smooth, slightly thick-walled, weakly dextrinoid, congophilous, not metachromatic in cresyl blue; apiculus tiny. Basidia 23–28 × 8–13 µm, clavate, 4 - spored. Cheilocystidia (Fig. 2 D) 12–26 × 5–9 μm, clavate, colorless, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileus covering (Fig. 2 C) a trichoderm composed of subcylindrical, sometimes narrow to apex, terminal elements 58–210 × 6–12 µm rarely bearing septa without clamp connections located in the middle to upper parts, with short and clavate elements at base that contain yellow-brownish intracellular pigment. Clamp connections present in all tissues.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(abbreviation: dist., below). Currently found in Jilin, Yunnan Province, and Beijing City, China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary, saprotrophic on decaying wood and leaf litter. The specimen from Yunnan was found on a decayed branch covered with the vine Tetrastigma triphyllum and pine needles, indicating occurrence in a disturbed or forest-edge habitat. Its presence across temperate (Jilin, Beijing) to subtropical (Kunming, ca. 1900 m a. s. l.) mixed forests suggests broad environmental tolerance, potentially including adaptability to secondary environments.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes).</p><p>China • Jilin: Changchun City, Jinyuetan Park, 13 Jul 2004, J. R. Wang (HMJAU 3533) ; • Beijing: Huairou County, Hongluo Temple, old-growth forest, 25 Aug 2000, T. Bau (HMJAU 1310) ; • Yunnan: Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, 1 Aug 2007, Yang 4797 (HKAS 52312) .</p><p>Nomenclatural note.</p><p>The epithet ‘ submagnispora’ was provisionally registered in MycoBank (no. 860343). Following critical review, it is here formally amended to ‘ pallidovelata ’ to more accurately reflect the diagnostic morphological features (i. e., the whitish squamules on the pileus with veil remnants).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lepiota pallidovelata is distinguished by its tiny basidiomata; blunt and light brown to brown umbonate pileus with whitish to light brown squamules and veil remnants at the margin; penguin-shaped basidiospores without a narrow apex; clavate cheilocystidia; and pileus covering a trichoderm composed of terminal elements, sometimes narrowing toward apex, and basal short elements.</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis recovers L. pallidovelata as sister to L. attenuata Jun F. Liang &amp; Zhu L. Yang with strong support. Both species share the characteristic penguin-shaped basidiospores and a trichodermal pileus covering. They are readily separable morphologically. Lepiota attenuata (dist., China: Yunnan) differs in its larger basidiomata, densely covered with brownish yellow to yellowish brown squamules on a whitish background, prominently striate pileus margin, and longer basidiospores that narrow toward the apex (Liang et al. 2011).</p><p>Several Lepiota species share the penguin-shaped basidiospores and trichodermal pileus covering but can be distinguished from L. pallidovelata by distinct morphological features. Lepiota magnispora Murrill (dist., North America, Europe, and Asia) differs in having larger basidiomata, longer basidiospores (Q av = 3.29), and more diverse cheilocystidia (Liang 2007; Yang et al. 2019). Lepiota thrombophora (Berk. &amp; Broome) Sacc. (dist., Sri Lanka; China: Yunnan, Hainan) can be distinguished by reddish brown to dark brown squamules, a striate pileus margin, whitish annulus, longer basidiospores, and a pileus covering rarely with basal short elements (Berkeley and Broome 1871; Liang et al. 2011). Lepiota ampliocystidia Jun F. Liang (dist., China: Xizang) differs in its yellowish brown to dark brown squamules on a radially striate pileus margin, lack of veil remnants, whitish annulus, and more elongated basidiospores with a narrowed apex (Liang 2012).</p><p>Comparative analysis also reveals distinct morphological features distinguishing L. pallidovelata from other Lepiota taxa. Lepiota metulispora (Berk. &amp; Broome) Sacc. (dist., Sri Lanka, India, and southern China, including Hunan and Hong Kong) differs from L. pallidovelata in its appressed, ochraceous buff squamules on a whitish background, striations on the margin of the pileus, stipe with a whitish annulus, longer basidiospores, and gradually narrowing terminal elements in the pileus covering (Liang et al. 2011). Moreover, L. squamulodiffracta Justo, Bizzi &amp; Angelini (dist., Dominican Republic) is distinguished from L. pallidovelata by its larger basidiomata, brown to orange-brown squamules on the pileus with a striate margin, the absence of veil remnants, and longer basidiospores (Justo et al. 2015).</p><p>Additionally, L. cortinarius J. E. Lange (dist., Europe, North America, and Asia, including China: Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang) can be distinguished from L. pallidovelata by its larger basidiomata, dense dark brown squamules, a distinctly cortinate pileus margin, diverse cheilocystidia, and a pileus covering with longer terminal elements (Lange 1915; Liang 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB78F897AE315610A4AB5D80D36AF55A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Xing;Chen, Bin;Qu, Guohua;An, Mengya;Liang, Junfeng	Li, Xing, Chen, Bin, Qu, Guohua, An, Mengya, Liang, Junfeng (2026): Studies in Lepiota (Agaricales, Verrucosporaceae): supporting the merger of Chamaemyces into Lepiota and proposing two new species. MycoKeys 133: 103-125, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.133.186351
85A71D5203E5523E8E2BCD5D6AA8FF5B.text	85A71D5203E5523E8E2BCD5D6AA8FF5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepiota stillispora X. Li & J. F. Liang 2026	<div><p>Lepiota stillispora X. Li &amp; J. F. Liang sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China • Guangdong: Dongguan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.75404&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.863094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.75404/lat 22.863094)">Dalingshan Forest Park</a>, 100 m a. s. l., 22°51'47.14"N, 113°45'14.56"E, 8 Jun 2025, X. Li 056 (holotype, RITF 7953). GenBank: ITS = PX 423621; LSU = PX 423622; rpb 2 = PX 913184; mtSSU = PX 423648 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>stillispora (Latin), referring to the droplet-shaped basidiospores.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Lepiota stillispora can be recognized by its dark brownish umbonate and yellowish-brown squamules on the pileus, droplet-shaped (lacrymoid) basidiospores, clavate cheilocystidia, pileus covering a trichoderm composed of terminal elements that are sometimes swollen in the middle and acuminate at the apex, and clamp connections present in all tissues.</p><p>Sectional placement.</p><p>Lepiota sect. Helveolae .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small (Fig. 3 A – C). Pileus 1.6–3.5 cm in diam, campanulate when young, expanding to plano-convex; with a dark brownish (5 C 3–5 C 7) umbo on a dirty-white background; the central region sometimes splitting radially into three lobes at maturity, gradually splitting towards the edge into smaller and yellowish-brown (5 B 3–5 B 6) fibrillose squamules; with floccose velar remnants at the margin, sometimes exceeding lamellae. Lamellae L = 40–60, l = 1–2, moderately crowded, free, whitish, ventricose; edge eroded. Stipe 2.5–3.5 × 0.2–0.4 cm, subcylindrical, thickening towards base, hollow, whitish and smooth above annulus, with brownish (5 A 3–5 A 5) squamules below annulus. Annulus whitish, ephemeral. Odor not distinct. Taste not recorded. Spore print white.</p><p>Basidiospores (Fig. 3 D) [40 / 2 / 2] 6.5–9.5 × 3.0–5.0 μm [Q = (1.51) 1.62–2.38 (2.47), Q av = 2.00 ± 0.38], droplet-shaped or lacrymoid in side view, with suprahilar depression or not; adaxial side usually convex, sometimes substraight, abaxial side often not sunken; bullet-shaped or droplet-shaped in front view; colorless, hyaline, smooth, slightly thick-walled, dextrinoid, light red in Congo red, not metachromatic in cresyl blue; apiculus tiny. Basidia 18–31 × 7–10 µm, narrowly clavate or subcylindrical, 4 - spored. Cheilocystidia (Fig. 3 E) 15–35 × 5–11 µm, clavate, colorless, hyaline, thin-walled, often densely arranged into a sterile lamella edge. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileus covering (Fig. 3 F) a trichoderm made up of subcylindrical or narrowly clavate, sometimes swollen in the middle part and acuminate on the apex, terminal elements 126–188 × 6–25 µm, lacking a layer of short elements, with yellow-brownish intracellular pigment; base sometimes with pale yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown extracellular pigment. Clamp connections present in all tissues.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known from Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Saprotrophic, solitary on the ground in evergreen monsoon rainforest of limestone mountains in summer.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Yunnan: Mengla County, Menglun Town, Lushilin Park, 11 Jul 2006, J. F. Liang 397 (paratype, HKAS 50113) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The main characteristics of L. stillispora are small basidiomata, yellowish brown squamules on the pileus, droplet-shaped or lacrymoid basidiospores, clavate cheilocystidia, and a pileus covering that is a trichoderm composed of terminal elements, sometimes narrowing toward the apex, without short elements at the base.</p><p>The basidiospores of L. stillispora are similar to those of L. catenariocystidia Han C. Wang &amp; Zhu L. Yang (dist., China: Yunnan), but the latter differs in having dark gray and tomentose squamules, cheilocystidia often in chains, and narrower terminal elements of the pileus covering (Wang and Yang 2005).</p><p>Lepiota stillispora shows morphological differences when compared to some related species. Unlike L. himalayensis Khalid &amp; Razaq (dist., Pakistan), which has larger basidiomata, dark brown to blackish squamules on the pileus, and shorter and narrower terminal elements of the pileus covering (Razaq et al. 2012), L. stillispora possesses small basidiomata, yellowish brown squamules on the pileus, and longer and thicker terminal elements of the pileus covering. Lepiota rubella Bres. (dist., Europe) is characterized by narrower terminal elements of the pileus covering, narrowly clavate cheilocystidia, and smaller basidiospores (Vellinga et al. 1998) than L. stillispora . Additionally, L. stillispora differs from L. brunneosquamulosa Jun F. Liang &amp; Zhu L. Yang (dist., China: Yunnan) in that the latter has smaller basidiospores, no cheilocystidia, and a pileus covering with longer terminal elements that taper toward the apex (Liang et al. 2018).</p><p>Furthermore, L. brunneoincarnata Chodat &amp; C. Martín (dist., Europe and Asia, including Pakistan and China) and L. stillispora exhibit clear morphological differences. The former differs from the latter by bearing larger basidiomata, grayish brown to blackish brown squamules on the pileus, and wider basidiospores (Liang 2007; Yang et al. 2019).</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis confirms the close relationship between L. stillispora and L. revelata (Berk. &amp; Broome) Sacc. Nevertheless, the two species can be readily distinguished by morphological features. Lepiota revelata (tropical and subtropical Asia, including Sri Lanka and China) exhibits pale orange lamellae, subcylindrical basidiospores, and very few cheilocystidia (Berkeley and Broome 1871; Yang et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/85A71D5203E5523E8E2BCD5D6AA8FF5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Xing;Chen, Bin;Qu, Guohua;An, Mengya;Liang, Junfeng	Li, Xing, Chen, Bin, Qu, Guohua, An, Mengya, Liang, Junfeng (2026): Studies in Lepiota (Agaricales, Verrucosporaceae): supporting the merger of Chamaemyces into Lepiota and proposing two new species. MycoKeys 133: 103-125, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.133.186351
