taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
EB5CD717CC68FFE00CA6A018FBC8F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/22650880/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22650880	FIG. 2. — Cases of dental irregularities: A, NHMUK-ZD-1902.11.13.2, left upper cheek teeth in proximoventral view showing the missing P2 (106); B, SMNS-Z- MAM-45425,left upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the missing M3 (211); C, ZIM-TCI-291,right upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the misaligned M3 (111); D, NHMW-974, right upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the misaligned molars and absent P4 (108); E, NHMUK-ZD-1898.7.2.5, right upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the extreme wear on M1 (109) in comparison to the other cheek teeth; F, ZSM-1911/2446, left upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the extreme wear on the distal half of the M1 (209) in contrast to the wear on its mesial half.	FIG. 2. — Cases of dental irregularities: A, NHMUK-ZD-1902.11.13.2, left upper cheek teeth in proximoventral view showing the missing P2 (106); B, SMNS-Z- MAM-45425,left upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the missing M3 (211); C, ZIM-TCI-291,right upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the misaligned M3 (111); D, NHMW-974, right upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the misaligned molars and absent P4 (108); E, NHMUK-ZD-1898.7.2.5, right upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the extreme wear on M1 (109) in comparison to the other cheek teeth; F, ZSM-1911/2446, left upper cheek teeth in ventral view showing the extreme wear on the distal half of the M1 (209) in contrast to the wear on its mesial half.	2026-08-25	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara		Zenodo	biologists	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara			
EB5CD717CC68FFE00CA6A018FBC8F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/22650882/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22650882	FIG. 3. — Additional cases of dental irregularities: A, FMNH-32901, upper right cheek teeth in ventral view showing the additional lingual cusp-like structures on right P2-P4 (106-108); B, AMNH-M-53549, right M1 (109) in ventral view showing the absence of dentine connection between the metastyle and the metacone; C, ZIM-TCI-X3,right M1 (109) in ventral view showing the irregularly lingually expanded protocone;D, SMNS-Z-MAM-49722,left M3 (211) in ventral view showing a uniquely circular shape with faint cusps and cristae;E, RMCA-RG-3710,left M3 (211) in ventral view showing the reduced size of the hypocone in relation to that of the protocone; F, NHMUK-ZD-1931.2.1.48,left M3 (211) in ventral view showing the vestigial/practically absent hypocone;G, NAM-NYA-3,left upper cheek teeth (P4–M2;208-210) in buccal view exhibiting damaged and healed buccal walls; and H, USNM-163324, left M1 (209) in ventral view exhibiting clear signs of decay.	FIG. 3. — Additional cases of dental irregularities: A, FMNH-32901, upper right cheek teeth in ventral view showing the additional lingual cusp-like structures on right P2-P4 (106-108); B, AMNH-M-53549, right M1 (109) in ventral view showing the absence of dentine connection between the metastyle and the metacone; C, ZIM-TCI-X3,right M1 (109) in ventral view showing the irregularly lingually expanded protocone;D, SMNS-Z-MAM-49722,left M3 (211) in ventral view showing a uniquely circular shape with faint cusps and cristae;E, RMCA-RG-3710,left M3 (211) in ventral view showing the reduced size of the hypocone in relation to that of the protocone; F, NHMUK-ZD-1931.2.1.48,left M3 (211) in ventral view showing the vestigial/practically absent hypocone;G, NAM-NYA-3,left upper cheek teeth (P4–M2;208-210) in buccal view exhibiting damaged and healed buccal walls; and H, USNM-163324, left M1 (209) in ventral view exhibiting clear signs of decay.	2026-08-25	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara		Zenodo	biologists	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara			
EB5CD717CC68FFE00CA6A018FBC8F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/22650884/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22650884	FIG. 4. — Cases of maxillary erosions: A, FMNH-32901, right M1 (109) in buccal view with maxillary erosion exposing its distobuccal root; B, USNM-304612, right upper cheek teeth in buccal view with maxillary erosions exposing roots of the premolars; C, RMCA-RG-6343, left upper cheek teeth in buccal view with maxillary erosions exposing roots, paired with broken teeth and extreme dental wear.	FIG. 4. — Cases of maxillary erosions: A, FMNH-32901, right M1 (109) in buccal view with maxillary erosion exposing its distobuccal root; B, USNM-304612, right upper cheek teeth in buccal view with maxillary erosions exposing roots of the premolars; C, RMCA-RG-6343, left upper cheek teeth in buccal view with maxillary erosions exposing roots, paired with broken teeth and extreme dental wear.	2026-08-25	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara		Zenodo	biologists	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara			
EB5CD717CC68FFE00CA6A018FBC8F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/22650886/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22650886	FIG. 5. — Examples of ossicone asymmetry: A, unilateral ossicone asymmetry in dimensions – shorter and narrower left ossicone with no distinct terminal end, RMCA-RG-767 (G. camelopardalis subsp., male, age class E, South Sudan); B, unilateral ossicone asymmetry in orientation – the left ossicone is more upright than the right one, ZSM-1911-2443 (G. c. camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758), male, age class F, Kenya). Scale bars: 5 cm.	FIG. 5. — Examples of ossicone asymmetry: A, unilateral ossicone asymmetry in dimensions – shorter and narrower left ossicone with no distinct terminal end, RMCA-RG-767 (G. camelopardalis subsp., male, age class E, South Sudan); B, unilateral ossicone asymmetry in orientation – the left ossicone is more upright than the right one, ZSM-1911-2443 (G. c. camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758), male, age class F, Kenya). Scale bars: 5 cm.	2026-08-25	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara		Zenodo	biologists	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara			
EB5CD717CC68FFE00CA6A018FBC8F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/22650888/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22650888	FIG. 6. — Cases of trauma:A, ZMB-MAM-17381 in dorsolateral view showing the presence of periosteal lesions on the dorsal surface of the skull; B, ZSM-1914- 1325 in lateral view showing periosteal lesions on the right maxilla; C, SMNS-Z-MAM-45425 in caudal view showing the fracture on the right ossicone; D, ZIM- TCI-089 in caudal view showing the fracture on the right ossicone; E, F, NHMUK-ZD-1938.7.8.22 showing evidence of trauma on the left part of the nuchal crest and on the left temporal bone caudally to the external acoustic meatus: E, caudal view of the skull showing the difference between the left and right nuchal crest and temporal bones; F, left temporal bone in lateral view showing the extent of the trauma caudally to the external acoustic meatus towards the paraoccipital process. Scale bars: 5 cm. B, E, F, not to scale.	FIG. 6. — Cases of trauma:A, ZMB-MAM-17381 in dorsolateral view showing the presence of periosteal lesions on the dorsal surface of the skull; B, ZSM-1914- 1325 in lateral view showing periosteal lesions on the right maxilla; C, SMNS-Z-MAM-45425 in caudal view showing the fracture on the right ossicone; D, ZIM- TCI-089 in caudal view showing the fracture on the right ossicone; E, F, NHMUK-ZD-1938.7.8.22 showing evidence of trauma on the left part of the nuchal crest and on the left temporal bone caudally to the external acoustic meatus: E, caudal view of the skull showing the difference between the left and right nuchal crest and temporal bones; F, left temporal bone in lateral view showing the extent of the trauma caudally to the external acoustic meatus towards the paraoccipital process. Scale bars: 5 cm. B, E, F, not to scale.	2026-08-25	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara		Zenodo	biologists	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara			
EB5CD717CC68FFE00CA6A018FBC8F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/22650891/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22650891	FIG. 7. — Cases of wry nose (A, B), cleft palate (C, D), and nasal fistulae (E, F): A, ZSM-1914-0127 showing wry nose in mesial view;B, ZSM-1914-0127 showing wry nose in ventral view;C, NAM-HOA-1 showing cleft palate in dorsal view,NAM-HOA-1 showing cleft palate in dorsolateral view;E, RMCA-RG-25673 showing nasal fistulae in dorsal view; F, NHMW-5483 showing nasal fistulae in dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 cm. E, F, not to scale.	FIG. 7. — Cases of wry nose (A, B), cleft palate (C, D), and nasal fistulae (E, F): A, ZSM-1914-0127 showing wry nose in mesial view;B, ZSM-1914-0127 showing wry nose in ventral view;C, NAM-HOA-1 showing cleft palate in dorsal view,NAM-HOA-1 showing cleft palate in dorsolateral view;E, RMCA-RG-25673 showing nasal fistulae in dorsal view; F, NHMW-5483 showing nasal fistulae in dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 cm. E, F, not to scale.	2026-08-25	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara		Zenodo	biologists	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara			
EB5CD717CC68FFE00CA6A018FBC8F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/22650893/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22650893	FIG. 8. — Specimen NHMZ-22635 (G. t. thornicrofti Lydekker, 1911, male, adult, Zambia) showing marked signs of neoplasia in A, dorsal, B, caudal, C, lateralleft, D, lateral-right, E, ventral, and F, mandibular lateral-right views. Scale bars: 5 cm. F, not to scale.	FIG. 8. — Specimen NHMZ-22635 (G. t. thornicrofti Lydekker, 1911, male, adult, Zambia) showing marked signs of neoplasia in A, dorsal, B, caudal, C, lateralleft, D, lateral-right, E, ventral, and F, mandibular lateral-right views. Scale bars: 5 cm. F, not to scale.	2026-08-25	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara		Zenodo	biologists	Julian, Nikolaos Kargopoulos;Jesús, Julian Fennessy;Anusuya, Jesús Marugán-Lobón;Michael, Anusuya Chinsamy;Stephanie, Michael Brown;Arthur, Stephanie Fennessy;Bernard, Arthur Muneza;Agwanda, Bernard R.;Moses, Ogeto Mwebi;Frederick, Moses Otiende;Alice, Frederick Lala;Sven, Alice Petzold;Abdoul, Sven Winter;Moussa, Abdoul Razack;Sara, Moussa Zabeirou;Ferguson, Sara			
