identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
27B4BCE706515E98BCF56AECC61B0694.text	27B4BCE706515E98BCF56AECC61B0694.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyophyllum hemigaleatum R. Y. Li, S. M. Tang 2026	<div><p>Lyophyllum hemigaleatum R. Y. Li, S. M. Tang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 D, 5, 6</p><p>Chinese name.</p><p>盔盖离褶伞 (Kui Gai Li Zhe San).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>hemigaleatum (half-helmeted), describing the distinctive hemispherical pileus resembling a warrior’s helmet.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China, Yunnan Province, Dali City, Jianchuan County, elev. 2,200 m, 7 September 2024, Rui-Yu Li, 9714 (HKAS 150782!).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 1.4–1.8 cm, hemispherical when young, inflexed of margin; becoming convex when mature, sometimes slightly depressed in the centre, dry, glabrous, slightly desaturated orange (# d 0 a 87 b) on centre, dark at the margin, dark moderate orange (# 75533 a); pileus context white (# ffffff), 0.1–0.2 cm thick, fleshy, thinner toward its margin, slightly desaturated orange (# b 99 b 7 e) when exposed or injured. Lamellae moderately close together, adnate to emarginate, broad, white (# ffffff), 2–4 tiers, 0.3–1.0 cm wide, edge even or entire to undulate. Stipe 2.8–4.2 cm long, 0.3–0.4 cm thick, cylindrical, equal or attenuate at the base, greyish yellow (# b 6 b 09 a); stipe context changing to slightly desaturated orange (# b 99 b 7 e) when injured. The odor and taste were not distinctive.</p><p>Basidiospores [100 / 2 / 2] (6.1 –) 6.5–8.3 (– 8.6) × (4.3 –) 4.5–5.8 (– 6.5) μm, (N = 100, Q = 1.10–1.77, Q m = 1.45 ± 0.15), av. 7.36 ± 0.65 × 5.10 ± 0.44 μm, in face view, the spores are broadly to subbroadly fusiform, while in lateral view, they exhibit a profile dominated by a suprahilar depression, hyaline, smooth, basidiospores scatter plot, see Fig. 6. Basidia 21–35 × 7–10 μm (N = 20), av. 28.5 ± 3.3 × 8.5 ± 0.9 μm, mostly 4 - spored, rarely 2 - spored, sterigmata 1.7–5.3 μm long, clavate to narrowly clavate, sometimes with basal clamp connections. Subhymenium consisting of thin and hyaline elements, 13–22 μm wide, with 2–3 layers of ovoid, subglobose, broadly fusiform, 1.7–11.0 × 1.4–4.1 μm, av. 5.1 ± 2.3 × 2.9 ± 0.8 μm. Hymenophoral trama regular, made up of inflated hyaline hyphae, 120–170 μm wide, some with clamp connections, narrowly cylindrical hyphal elements, 4–20 μm wide. Pleurocystidia 14–24 × 3–5 μm, av. 18.8 ± 2.3 × 3.8 ± 0.4 μm, narrowly cylindrical, narrowly clavate or flexuose, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia 8–24 × 2–5 μm, av. 17.7 ± 3.4 × 3.7 ± 0.6 μm, narrowly cylindrical, narrowly clavate or flexuose, thin-walled, occasionally mucronate on the apex. Pileipellis a subcutis composed of 2–7 μm wide hyphae, almost cylindrical, abundant pileocystidia present on the pileus, 5–31 × 2–5 µm, av. 19.8 ± 10.3 × 3.5 ± 0.6 µm, fusiform, narrowly cylindrical or flexuose, irregular, with mucronate apex, thin-walled, some with clamp connections. Stipitipellis composed of appressed, parallel, thin-walled, smooth, 2–5 µm wide hyphae, stipe surface bears abundant easily detachable pigment cells. Clamp connections are present at some septa.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Single to scattered on soil in coniferous forest, from August to October.</p><p>Additional species examined.</p><p>China, Yunnan Province, Dali City, Jianchuan County, elev. 2,180 m, 7 September 2024, Rui-Yu Li, T 86 (HKAS 150788, paratype) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Compared with the species with orange to brown pileus and a slender stipe, L. edulis, L. aemiliae Consiglio, and L. lixivium are similar to the new species. Lyophyllum edulis has a larger pileus (3–8 cm vs 1.4–1.8 cm), globose to subglobose basidiospores (av. 5.81 × 5.47 μm, Q m = 1.11 vs 7.36 × 5.10 μm, Q m = 1.45); additionally, L. hemigaleatum possesses abundant cystidia on the pileus surface, a feature not reported in L. edulis (Tang et al. 2025 a) . Lyophyllum aemiliae, originally described from Italy, is distinguished by a pileus with a wavy-lobed margin, slight streaking and irregular blackish-brown patches, in addition to a parallel pileipellis (Melis et al. 2023). Lyophyllum lixivium can be distinguished by its pileus developing a distinct umbo at maturity, and its relatively long stipe (10–14 cm vs 2.8–4.2 cm) with a slightly swollen base; basidiospores are broadly lacrimoid and relatively small (4.4–6.5 × 3.7–5.8 μm vs 6.5–8.3 × 4.5–5.8 μm), pileipellis is composed of parallel hyphae (Lyu et al. 2024).</p><p>In multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, the new species is closely related to Lyophyllum semitale and L. deliberatum (Britzelm.) Kreisel. Lyophyllum semitale was originally described from Sweden and has a leaden-grey pileus that is larger than L. hemigaleatum (2.5 cm vs 1.4–1.8 cm) and a white stipe; this species is lignicolous and grows saprophytically on decaying wood (Kühner 1938). In contrast, L. hemigaleatum bears orange-toned basidiomata and occurs terrestrially on mineral soil within coniferous forests, the ITS sequence differences between L. hemigaleatum (HKAS 150782, type) and L. semitale (IE-BSG-HC 85 / 13) were 3.03 % (16 / 528). Lyophyllum subalpinarum from China has a greyish-yellow to brown pileus and is darker at the centre, and ITS sequence differences between L. hemigaleatum (HKAS 150782) and L. subalpinarum (HMJAU 63447) were 2.46 % (13 / 529). Lyophyllum deliberatum was originally described in Europe; the pileus is brown to olive, and the stipe enlarged toward the base, and ITS sequence differences between L. hemigaleatum (HKAS 150782) and L. deliberatum (V. 15032) were 3.02 % (16 / 529).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/27B4BCE706515E98BCF56AECC61B0694	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Rui-Yu;Luo, Yuan;Zhao, Duan-Fen;Li, Ye-Ting;Song, Han-Bing;Shen, Hong-Wei;Luo, Zong-Long;Tang, Song-Ming	Li, Rui-Yu, Luo, Yuan, Zhao, Duan-Fen, Li, Ye-Ting, Song, Han-Bing, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Tang, Song-Ming (2026): Species diversity of edible mushrooms IV: Morphology and phylogenetic analysis reveal two new species of Lyophyllum (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. MycoKeys 136: 1-19, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.136.193238
5B5F8803F7055126B59E31FDB0107E12.text	5B5F8803F7055126B59E31FDB0107E12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyophyllum pseudorrhizum R. Y. Li & S. M. Tang 2026	<div><p>Lyophyllum pseudorrhizum R. Y. Li &amp; S. M. Tang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 A – C, 3, 4</p><p>Chinese name.</p><p>假根离褶伞 (Jia Gen Li Zhe San).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The “pseudorrhizum” is derived from the prefix “ pseudo- ” (false) and “ rhiza ” (root), referring to the distinctive pseudorrhiza (false root-like structure).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>China, Yunnan Province, Wuding County, elev. 2,200 m, 23 September 2023, Song-Ming Tang, L 5098 (HKAS 150783!).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 1.2–2.8 cm wide, fleshy, fragile, hemispherical when young, becoming plano-convex to convex with age, smooth on the surface, dry, greyish orange (# d 6 caad), with dark greyish orange floccus on the surface, slightly depressed at the centre, inflexed of margin; pileus context 0.1–0.2 cm thick, white (# ffffff), unchanging colour when injured. Lamellae moderately close together, arcuate, decurrent to deeply decurrent, narrow, 0.1–0.3 cm wide, white (# ffffff), unchanging colour when bruised, 2–3 tiers, edge even or entire. Stipe 1.8–6.8 × 0.3–0.6 cm, cylindrical, white (# ffffff) or greyish orange (# d 2 c 8 b 9), smooth; stipe context white (# ffffff), solid, unchanging colour when injured, the base aggregates to form pseudorrhiza. The odour and taste were not distinctive.</p><p>Basidiospores [100 / 2 / 2] (4.1 –) 4.6–6.0 (– 6.4) × (3.7 –) 4.2–5.3 (– 5.8) μm, (N = 100, Q = 1.0–1.3, Q m = 1.10 ± 0.07), av. 5.2 ± 0.42 × 4.8 ± 0.34 μm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, basidiospores scatter plot, see Fig. 4. Basidia 26–36 × 6–9 μm (N = 20), av. 29.7 ± 3.2 × 7.7 ± 0.7 μm, mostly 4 – spored, rarely 2 – spored, sterigmata 1.5–6.7 μm long, sometimes with basal clamp connections, clavate. Subhymenium thin-walled, 7–15 μm thick, composed of 2–3 layers of ovoid, subglobose, fusiform to median constriction cells, 2.7–9.6 × 1.9–4.3 μm, av. 4.7 ± 1.7 × 3.2 ± 0.6 μm. Hymenophoral trama regular, 90–110 μm wide, consisting of thin and hyaline hyphae, rarely with clamp connections; hyphal elements narrowly cylindrical, 5–10 μm wide. Pleurocystidia 17–26 × 3–6 μm, av. 22.1 ± 2.5 × 4.3 ± 1.1 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled, frequently mucronate or rostrate at the apex. Cheilocystidia 19–38 × 3–6 μm, av. 24.6 ± 4.8 × 4.1 ± 0.7 μm, narrowly cylindrical or narrowly clavate, thin-walled, frequently mucronate or rostrate on the apex. Pileipellis a subcutis composed of almost hyaline interwoven filamentous hyphae, terminal cells 3–6 μm wide, almost cylindrical to subcylindrical, occasional hyphal tips flexuous and sometimes inflate, some with clamp connections. Stipitipellis a cutis of appressed, parallel, thin-walled, hyphae 2–5 µm wide; rarely caulocystidia on the stipe, 7–42 × 2–4 µm, av. 20.8 ± 11 × 2.7 ± 0.7 µm, narrowly cylindrical or fusiform, irregular, thin-walled. Clamp connections are present at some septa.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Caespitose on soil in coniferous forest.</p><p>Edibility.</p><p>Edible, available in local markets.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Yunnan Province, Wuding County, elev. 2,190 m, 25 September 2023, Song-Ming Tang, L 5198 (HKAS 150785, paratype) • ibid., Song-Ming Tang, L 5183 (HKAS 150787) • ibid., Lijiang City, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, elev. 2,470 m, 19 September 2023, Song-Ming Tang, L 5126 (HKAS 150784) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Following the morphological analyses, Lyophyllum pseudorrhizum was placed in L. fumosum group; L. fumosum, L. deqinense, and L. pseudorrhizum are similar in that their pileus are all greyish-brown to greyish-orange in colour, their lamellae are all white to greyish-white, and they are all caespitose. However, L. fumosum differs from L. pseudorrhizum by its larger pileus (2–4.5 cm vs 1.2–2.8 cm wide), which is initially dark to light grey-brown, covered with dark greyish tufted squamules when young, becoming smooth and often with watery spots in age, and lacks the distinctive orange-toned floccose surface of L. pseudorrhizum . Furthermore, L. fumosum possesses a stipe that is often aggregated at the base but lacks the well-developed pseudorrhiza characteristic of L. pseudorrhizum; microscopically, L. fumosum is reported to lack pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia, whereas L. pseudorrhizum possesses both types of cystidia (Fries 1821; Sesli et al. 2015). Lyophyllum deqinense was originally described in China; it has a larger pileus (4–6 cm vs 1.2–2.8 cm wide), which is light to dark greyish orange; it lacks the aggregated pseudorrhiza; microscopically, L. deqinense is characterised by larger, subglobose to globose basidiospores (av. 6.4 × 6.1 µm vs 5.2 × 4.8 µm) and a complete absence of pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia (Ma et al. 2023).</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), L. pseudorrhizum forms a sister clade to L. pallidofumosum . However, L. pallidofumosum has a greyish orange pileus, margin with waves when old, stipe cylindrical, slightly enlarged towards base (30–80 × 8–15 mm vs 18–68 × 3–6 mm), solitary, gregarious or subcaespitose on the ground; microscopically, L. pallidofumosum absence of pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia (Ma et al. 2022); and ITS sequence differences between L. pseudorrhizum (HKAS 150783) and L. pallidofumosum (YAAS M 6629) were 2.26 % (12 / 533).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5F8803F7055126B59E31FDB0107E12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Li, Rui-Yu;Luo, Yuan;Zhao, Duan-Fen;Li, Ye-Ting;Song, Han-Bing;Shen, Hong-Wei;Luo, Zong-Long;Tang, Song-Ming	Li, Rui-Yu, Luo, Yuan, Zhao, Duan-Fen, Li, Ye-Ting, Song, Han-Bing, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Tang, Song-Ming (2026): Species diversity of edible mushrooms IV: Morphology and phylogenetic analysis reveal two new species of Lyophyllum (Lyophyllaceae, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. MycoKeys 136: 1-19, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.136.193238
