identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E4190A600E18FFC0FF7DFD68FABFFE7E.text	E4190A600E18FFC0FF7DFD68FABFFE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnogeophagus setequedas Reis, Malabarba & Pavanelli 1992	<div><p>Remarks on the conservation status of G. setequedas .</p><p>Since its discovery, the conservation status of Gymnogeophagus setequedas has invariably been assigned to a threatened category. The threat has been attributed to lentic waters of the Itaipu Reservoir, which have isolated populations of this rheophilic species, which formerly occurred on tributaries of both banks, in Paraguay and Brazil, and probably in the lower Paraná River proper. After the construction of the reservoir, these populations disappeared. The recent new records of G. setequedas in the Iguaçu River extend the geographical distribution of the species from its original description.</p><p>Prior to their formal publication herein, these data were also considered in the most recent evaluation of the conservation status of the Brazilian populations, which led to reclassification of G. setequedas as endangered in accordance with IUCN (2014) criterion B. Its previously known distribution in the Iguaçu River spanned about 100 km from above the Iguaçu Falls to the middle of the Itaipu Reservoir. That value yields an estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) of just 200 km 2 by multiplying the linear extent of the river where the species occurs by two, according to the IUCN recommendation for the rough calculation of the area of a drainage basin (personal communication with M. F. Tognelli, Program Officer, IUCN | CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Global Species Programme, in 2012, when the species was reassessed). The inclusion of the newly discovered lot from Porto Vorá would add a river extension of 225 km 2. Multiplying 225 km 2 by two would result in an addition of 450 km 2 to the extent of occurrence (EOO) of the species, totaling 650 km 2, which is still far below the IUCN threshold of 5,000 km 2 for classifying the species as endangered. The reservoir’s severe fragmentation of the population and the continued decline in original extent of occurrence (EOO), area of occupancy (AOO), and area, extent and quality of habitat caused by deforestation, silting and pollution by pesticides, consequences of agriculture and livestock satisfy subcriteria B.1.a(i,ii,iii) and B.1.b(i,ii,iii).</p><p>The fact that the known healthy populations of this species occurs only in stretches of the Iguaçu River free of impoundment reinforces the requirement of rapid waters for its survival. Its sporadic capture only twice after building reservoirs, such as Itaipu and Salto Caxias, and its later disappearance detected by monitoring those two large reservoirs confirm its dependence on rapid environments. As the construction of a new hydroelectric power station (Baixo Iguaçu) is already under way between the Caxias Reservoir and the Iguaçu Falls, we strongly recommend keeping the tributaries and the area downstream from the reservoir free of additional dams, to guarantee the long-term survival of the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4190A600E18FFC0FF7DFD68FABFFE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paiz, Leonardo M.;Baumgärtner, Lucas;da Graça, Weferson J.;Margarido, Vladimir P.;Pavanelli, Carla S.	Paiz, Leonardo M., Baumgärtner, Lucas, da Graça, Weferson J., Margarido, Vladimir P., Pavanelli, Carla S. (2017): Cytogenetics of Gymnogeophagus setequedas (Cichlidae: Geophaginae), with comments on its geographical distribution. Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (2): e 160035, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160035, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160035
