identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4024FB20B0BB549C8CEFED5CB0B650BE.text	4024FB20B0BB549C8CEFED5CB0B650BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Volvariella areolavolvata E. Tarafder, Enjam & A. R. Sherpa. 2026	<div><p>Volvoriella areolavolvata E. Tarafder, Enjam &amp; A. R. Sherpa. sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ areolavolvata ” is derived from the Latin aeriolatus (areolate cracking on the outer surface) and refers to the characteristic of the volva.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Volvariella areolavolvata differs from Volvariella bombycina by a rigid volva with a distinctive externally areolate, cracked surface that forms pale to dark brown patches, slightly smaller basidiospores (6.8–9.0 × 4.4–5.5 μm), and larger cheilocystidia (63–131 × 21–37 μm).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>India • West Bengal: North-24 - Parganas District, Barasat, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.44853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.747473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.44853/lat 22.747473)">Talikhola</a>, 22°44'50.9"N, 88°26'54.7"E, elev. 13.0 m, solitary on dead wood of Ficus sp., 07 August 2025, A. R. Sherpa, E. Tarafder &amp; E. Hoque, Sherpa 01 / 2025 (CAL 2383, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large. Pileus 100–150 mm, fleshy, ovoid to subglobose when young, hemispherical to broadly campanulate, expanding obtusely umbonate; surface dry, sometimes viscid, covered with conspicuous silky fibrils or silky hairs; color white to whitish (10 A 1), often becoming slightly yellowish (4 A 5) in the center with age; margin entire. Context 10 mm thick at the disc, cream white (2 A 2). Lamellae free, 15–20 mm broad, crowded with lamellulae of different lengths; white when young, becoming pinkish brown (8 A 2–4) at maturity; edge concolorous, entire. Stipe 80–120 × 8–10 mm, central, cylindrical, curved at the base, solid; surface slightly pruinose, white (1 A 1) creamy, yellowish white (3 B 3), weakly hairy. Volva 25–30 mm broad, erect, rigid, thick, and fleshy, irregularly 5–6 lobbed; internally white (1 A 1), externally cracked areolate pale to dark brown (6 F 6–8) patches. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores [30 / 2 / 1] (6.8 –) 7.1–8.7 (– 9.0) × (4.4 –) 4.6–5.3 (– 5.5) µm, [X mr = 7.61–7.92 × 4.85–4.95, X mm = 7.75 ± 0.17 × 4.91 ± 0.33 μm, Q mr = 1.23–1.85, Q mm = 1.56 ± 0.18, n = 30 basidiospores per 2 specimens], oval to ellipsoid, hyaline to light yellowish in 5 % KOH, smooth, dextrinoid, thin-walled, and apiculate. Basidia 17.4–26 × 7.4–10 µm, clavate, hyaline in 5 % KOH, smooth, with 4 sterigmata, no clamp present at the base. Cheilocystidia 63–131 × 21–37 µm, hyaline in 5 % KOH, thin-walled, mostly lageniform, with a long, narrow neck, forming a sterile layer at the lamellae edge. Pleurocystidia 44–56 × 13–17 µm, hyaline, thin-walled, broadly clavate with rounded apex or utriform, abundant in lamellae edge. Pileipellis a cutis made up of 10–37 µm broad, hyaline, thin-walled hyphae, clamp connections absent. Stipitipellis as compactly arranged cutis, 31–52 × 6.7–11.9 µm in diam., thin-walled, septate, clamp connections absent. Volva composed of septate, thin-walled 5.2–8.3 µm broad hyphae, with clamp connections absent.</p><p>Habitat and known distribution.</p><p>Solitary, on dead wood of Ficus sp. So far, it is known only from India.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>India • West Bengal: North- 24 - Parganas district, Barasat, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.44853&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.747473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.44853/lat 22.747473)">Talikhola</a>, 22°44'50.9"N, 88°26'54.7"E, elev. 13.0 m, 12 August 2025, A. R. Sherpa, E. Tarafder &amp; E. Hoque, Sherpa 02 / 2025 (CAL 2384, paratype) .</p><p>GenBank numbers.</p><p>CAL 2383 (holotype): nrITS = PX 776811, nrLSU = PX 764990. CAL 2384: nrITS = PX 776812, nrLSU = PX 764991.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Volvariella areolavolvata is morphologically close to Volvariella bombycina but can be distinguished by a combination of macroscopic and microscopic characters. Volvariella areolavolvata is characterized by comparatively large basidiomata, a white to creamy pileus lacking squamules, a pure white stipe, and a white volva with brown patches, in combination with medium-sized basidiospores (mean = 7.75 × 4.9 µm). In contrast, V. bombycina differs by its robust and stout basidiocarps, a light-colored to pale brownish pileus that is entirely squamulose, a thick stipe, and a large, brown volva (Fig. 2). Moreover, V. bombycina has distinctive microscopic characteristics, including relatively small cheilocystidia (50–110 × 10–25 μm; Table 4) with frequently elongated apices.</p><p>In our phylogenetic analyses, our collections (CAL 2383 and CAL 2384) clustered closely with Volvariella pulla and Volvariella bilobata but formed a distinct, well-supported clade (100 % MLBS / 1.00 PP; Fig. 1). Volvariella pulla, originally described from Vietnam (Malysheva et al. 2019), has an ochraceous or grayish brown stipe, an irregularly lobed volva colored dirty grey-brown with rusty brown spots, smaller basidiospores (5.5–8.0 × 4–5 μm vs. 6.8–9.0 × 4.4–5.5 μm), and much larger pleurocystidia (52–83 × 14–34 μm). The Indian collection of Volvariella bilobata differs from V. areolavolvata by its smaller pileus (45–70 mm diam.), colored grayish to dark brown, bilobed saccate volva, and much smaller basidiospores (4.8–5.5 × 2.7–3.5 μm; Fig. 3) and pleurocystidia (18.5–27.5 × 7–10 μm) (Chattopadhyay et al. 2022). Here, we introduce our collections as a novel species of V. areolavolvata based on morpho-molecular analyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4024FB20B0BB549C8CEFED5CB0B650BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tarafder, Entaj;Hoque, Enjamul;Sherpa, Ang Rinzing;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Wang, Meimei;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Li, Qiang;Yu, Fuqiang;Dai, Dong-Qin;Watsuntorn, Wannapawn	Tarafder, Entaj, Hoque, Enjamul, Sherpa, Ang Rinzing, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wang, Meimei, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Li, Qiang, Yu, Fuqiang, Dai, Dong-Qin, Watsuntorn, Wannapawn (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny reveal new species of Volvariella (Volvariellaceae, Agaricales) and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales) from eastern India. MycoKeys 130: 185-208, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.130.183859
4795E1CEF5EA54C1B19112D362BE9128.text	4795E1CEF5EA54C1B19112D362BE9128.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Volvopluteus fibrillobrunneus Enjam, E. Tarafder & A. R. Sherpa. 2026	<div><p>Volvopluteus fibrillobrunneus Enjam, E. Tarafder &amp; A. R. Sherpa. sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ fibrillobrunneus ” refers to the brown color with a fibrillose pileus surface.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Volvopluteus fibrillobrunneus differs from Volvopluteus earlei by its fibrillose brown pileus surface with larger basidiocarps (Pileus &lt;50 mm in diameter Vp. earlei) and smaller basidiospores (8.3–11.5 × 5.1–7.1 μm).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>India • West Bengal: North- 24 - Parganas district, Barasat, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.44498&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.745972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.44498/lat 22.745972)">Near Kazibari Bus Stand</a>, 22°44'45.5"N, 88°26'41.9"E, elev. 13.0 m, Scattered on the soil around with rich humus in broad-leaved forest, 18 September 2024, E. Hoque, AE- 37 / 2024 (CAL 2385, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large. Pileus 80–97 mm diam., plano-convex to plane with age, low umbo at center, not viscid, dry, glabrous, innately radially fibrillose, striate, surface light brown (6 D 4), grayish brown (6 D 3) with grey (5 B 2) when young, dark blonde (5 D 4) center and birch grey (5 C 2) sides after maturity, becoming lighter grayish brown (5 F 3–5 E 4) towards the margin and yellowish brown (5 B 2–5 C 4) after dried; margin striate, radially fibrillose, slightly cracked with maturity, cream whitish squamulose present. Context 4 mm broad, white to grayish white (2 B 1). Lamellae free, approximately 10 mm broad, close to crowded, pinkish white (8 A 3–8 B 3), brownish gray (11 C 2) at maturity. Stipe 120–140 × 10–14 mm, central, cylindrical, solid, white, glabrous, not viscid, when young visibly broadening towards the base and in maturity with bulbous base enclosed in sac-like volva. Volva 15–19 × 8–10 mm, free from the stipe, saccate, membranous, 2–3 lobed, with a white to light brownish outer surface and whitish inner surface. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores (8.3 –) 8.5–9.6 (– 11.5) × (5.1 –) 5.4–6.3 (– 7.1) µm, [X mr = 8.65–9.43 × 5.88–6.25, X mm = 9.85 ± 0.92 × 6.30 ± 0.49 μm, Q mr = 1.36–1.75, Q mm = 1.57 ± 0.19, n = 30 basidiospores per 2 specimens], ellipsoid to elongate, smooth, hyaline to light yellowish in 5 % KOH, thin-walled, and apiculate. Basidia 25.7–45.6 × 9.8–11.9 µm, clavate, hyaline in 5 % KOH, smooth, with 2–4 prominent sterigmata, no clamp at base. Cheilocystidia 34–72 × 15–29 µm, hyaline in 5 % KOH, thick-walled, mostly clavate, forming a sterile layer at the lamellae edge. Pleurocystidia 53–75 × 14–21 µm, hyaline, thin-walled, lageniform rostrate with apical appendages. Pileipellis ixocutis, made up of hyphae 25–32 µm broad, hyaline, thin-walled, clamp connections absent. Stipitipellis as compactly arranged hyphae, 23–38 µm broad, thin-walled, clamp connections absent. Volva composed of septate interwoven cylindrical hyphae, thin-walled 9–13 µm broad, clamp connection absent.</p><p>Habitat and known distribution.</p><p>Scattered on the soil around with rich humus in a broad-leaved forest. So far, it is only known from India.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>India • West Bengal: North- 24 - Parganas district, Barasat, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.44498&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.745972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.44498/lat 22.745972)">near Kazibari Bus Stand</a>, 22°44'45.5"N, 88°26'41.9"E, elev. 13.0 m, scattered on the soil around with rich humus in broad-leaved forest, 21 September 2024, E. Hoque, AE- 41 / 2024 (CAL 2386, paratype) .</p><p>GenBank numbers.</p><p>CAL 2385 (holotype): nrITS = PX 764988, nrLSU = PX 764992; CAL 2386: nrITS = PX 764989, nrLSU = PX 764993.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Volvopluteus fibrillobrunneus is characterized by a medium- to moderately large-sized (80–97 mm) pileus, entirely light brown to grayish brown, with a radially fibrillose surface; close to crowded lamellae colored pinkish white to brownish gray; a multi-lobed saccate volva with a white to light brownish outer surface and a whitish inner surface (Fig. 4); larger basidiospores measuring 8.3–11.5 × 5.1–7.1 μm; clavate to ventricose cheilocystidia measuring 34–72 × 15–29 μm; lageniform rostrate pleurocystidia with apical appendages measuring 53–75 × 14–21 μm; and habitat on rich humus soil (Fig. 5). Among macro-morphologically similar taxa (Table 5), Vp. earlei can be distinguished by its smaller basidiospores (11–16 × 8–11 μm), the presence of longer pleurocystidia (up to 110 μm), and the presence of cheilocystidia (Shaffer 1962; Justo and Castro 2010; Giannoni et al. 2018). Moreover, Volvopluteus earlei was originally described from Cuba (Murrill 1911) and later reported from the USA (Coker 1947), Mexico (Vázquez et al. 1989), Africa (Heinemann 1975), Argentina (Niveiro and Albertó 2012), Italy (Contu 2006; Giannoni et al. 2018), Spain (Justo and Castro 2010), Turkey (Kaygusuz et al. 2021), and India (Chouhan and Panwar 2021).</p><p>In the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1), Vp. fibrillobrunneus is placed as a sister group to Vp. platensis, originally described from China (Zhu et al. 2025), and can be distinguished from Vp. fibrillobrunneus by the smaller basidiomata (48–70 mm broad in Vp. platensis), a slightly brownish to grayish white pileus, and clavate to fusoid cheilocystidia (Zhu et al. 2025). Hence, here we introduce our collections as a novel species of Volvopluteus s. str., i. e., Vp. fibrillobrunneus, based on morpho-molecular analyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4795E1CEF5EA54C1B19112D362BE9128	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tarafder, Entaj;Hoque, Enjamul;Sherpa, Ang Rinzing;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Wang, Meimei;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Li, Qiang;Yu, Fuqiang;Dai, Dong-Qin;Watsuntorn, Wannapawn	Tarafder, Entaj, Hoque, Enjamul, Sherpa, Ang Rinzing, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wang, Meimei, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Li, Qiang, Yu, Fuqiang, Dai, Dong-Qin, Watsuntorn, Wannapawn (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny reveal new species of Volvariella (Volvariellaceae, Agaricales) and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales) from eastern India. MycoKeys 130: 185-208, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.130.183859
