identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2B11382561C35D12A9F46598A0FE5B5C.text	2B11382561C35D12A9F46598A0FE5B5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski 1869)	<div><p>Misgurnus mohoity (Dybowski, 1869)</p><p>English common name: snake weatherfish New Korean common name: 가는미꾸리 [ga-neun-mi-ggu-ri] Figs 3, 4; Table 1</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>CNUC-39769 –39790 (9 males, 13 females), 69.9–107.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.40298&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.537327" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.40298/lat 38.537327)">Baebong-gil</a>, Hyeonnae-myeon, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, 38°32'14.38"N, 128°24'10.75"E, 12 December 2025 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Misgurnus mohoity differs from all other Misgurnus species in Korea by the combination of the following characteristics (Tables 1, 2): poleaxe-shaped lamina circularis at the pectoral-fin base in adult males (vs. narrow and elongated in M. mizolepis; spatula-shaped in M. buphoensis); shallow neckline at base of lamina circularis (vs. deep in M. anguillicaudatus); distinct black spot at upper caudal-fin base (vs. indistinct or absent in M. mizolepis); barbel length &lt;30 % HL (vs.&gt; 40 % in M. mizolepis); shallow caudal-peduncle depth (vs. deep in M. mizolepis); dorsal-fin rays iii, 6 (vs. commonly iii, 7 in M. anguillicaudatus, iii, 6–7 in M. mizolepis and M. buphoensis); CPL / CPD&gt; 1.7 (vs. &lt;1.7 in M. anguillicaudatus and M. mizolepis); LPC / DPA&gt; 1.1 (vs. &lt;1.1 in M. anguillicaudatus); total vertebrae 48–50 (vs. &lt;48 in M. anguillicaudatus and M. buphoensis,&gt; 48 in M. mizolepis); caudal vertebrae 19–20 (vs. &lt;19 in M. anguillicaudatus); and lateral-line scales 164–180 (vs. 145–160 in M. anguillicaudatus and 110–127 in M. mizolepis).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Meristic and morphometric data relative to standard length (SL) and head length (HL) summarized in Table 1.</p><p>Body elongated, slightly compressed laterally. Head conical, slightly depressed. Mouth small, inferior, horseshoe-shaped; lips fleshy. Three pairs of barbels on upper lip; two pairs of mental lobes on lower lip. Third pair of barbels longest, measuring approximately 21 % HL, 1.5–2.0 times eye diameter. Adipose crests on caudal peduncle poorly developed. Lateral line very short, incomplete; scales small, rounded, or ovoid. Lateral line scales 164–180 (mean 173.7) (Figs 3 A – C). Head naked. Suborbital spine absent (lateral ethmoid hidden under muscles).</p><p>Mature males with poleaxe-shaped lamina circularis at pectoral-fin base, featuring rounded-serrated posterior margin and shallow neckline at base. Inner side of lamina circularis with developed fossa near articular process (Fig. 3 E). Pectoral fins longer in males; first branched soft ray thickened, elongated. Body depth relatively low, 8.7 % – 11.7 % SL (mean 10.6). Dorsal fin rays iii, 6 (Fig. 3 D); margin rounded; last ray branched. Caudal-fin margin rounded. CPL / CPD mean 2.1; LPC / DPA mean 1.4. Total vertebrae 49 (48–50); abdominal vertebrae 29 (28–30); caudal vertebrae 19 (19–20) (Fig. 3 B).</p><p>Coloration in life.</p><p>Head and dorsal surface of the body dark blackish-brown with scattered irregular spots; ventral surface yellowish-brown (Fig. 3 A). Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins with similar irregular spots. Distinct black spot at upper caudal-fin base, subequal to eye diameter.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism.</p><p>Mature males with second pectoral-fin ray elongated; pectoral and pelvic fins longer than in females. Rounded, poleaxe-shaped lamina circularis at pectoral-fin base, with serrated margin and shallow neckline. Males with well-developed raised ridges on the flanks, extending anteriorly and lateral to the dorsal fin (Fig. 4 A). Post-spawning females with white spot-like spawning scar between pelvic fins and anus (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Originally described as Cobitis fossilis var. mohoity by Dybowski (1869), with type locality in Ila River basin (Amur River system) near Dul’durga, Russia. Native range encompasses Northeast China, Mongolia, and Amur River basin, excluding Sakhalin Island (Zhang et al. 2021; Dyldin et al. 2023). In Korea, previously identified from an albino individual (Song et al. 2017), with no subsequent wild population records documented until the presently reported study.</p><p>Multivariate morphospace and diagnostic trait analysis.</p><p>Multivariate analysis of standardized morphometric traits revealed distinct morphological divergence between M. mohoity and M. anguillicaudatus . PCA showed two separate clusters with minimal overlap (Fig. 5). The first two principal components accounted for 56.2 % of the total variance (PC 1: 41.2 %; PC 2: 15.0 %). The centroids of the two species were clearly separated along the PC 1 axis; M. mohoity was primarily positioned in the positive (+) region, while M. anguillicaudatus occupied the negative (-) region, showing distinct differentiation. This segregation was driven by structural proportions of the caudal region. Caudal-peduncle length (CPL), the projected length from the posterior edge of the anal-fin base to the base of the caudal fin (LPC), and the anal-fin origin to caudal-fin base distance (AFO-CFB) showed strong positive loadings on PC 1, defining the slender posterior profile of M. mohoity . Conversely, M. anguillicaudatus exhibited high negative loadings for body depth (BD 1 and BD 2) and caudal-peduncle depth (CPD), representing a relatively deeper-bodied phenotype.</p><p>Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) demonstrated high discrimination efficiency, achieving complete morphological separation between M. mohoity and M. anguillicaudatus along the first discriminant function (Fig. 6). This significant isolation suggests that the analyzed morphometric characters are effective traits characters for taxonomic discrimination. Specifically, the divergence was primarily driven by the projected length from the posterior edge of the anal-fin base to the base of the caudal fin (LPC), body depth (BD 2), and caudal-peduncle length (CPL), which showed the highest standardized discriminant coefficients.</p><p>Univariate comparison of diagnostic ratios.</p><p>Univariate comparisons of selected morphometric ratios confirmed significant differences in caudal peduncle proportions between the two species (p &lt;0.0001; Fig. 7). The caudal-peduncle shape ratio (CPL / CPD) showed a distinct distribution in M. mohoity compared to M. anguillicaudatus . Similarly, the post-anal shape ratio (LPC / DPA) showed significantly higher values in M. mohoity than in M. anguillicaudatus . These results are consistent with the morphological diagnosis of M. mohoity, characterized by a shallower and more elongated caudal peduncle. Both multivariate and univariate analyses demonstrate consistent phenotypic differentiation between the molecularly defined lineages.</p><p>Phylogenetic verification and genetic divergence.</p><p>The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis, reconstructed from mitochondrial cyt b sequences, revealed a clear evolutionary distinction between the newly identified Korean specimens and the indigenous populations (Fig. 8). The tree was partitioned into two major monophyletic groups with robust bootstrap support (BS = 100 %), corresponding to M. mohoity and M. anguillicaudatus . The specimens collected from South Korea were clustered tightly within the M. mohoity group, alongside reference sequences from Russia (RU), North Korea (NK) and China (CN). In contrast, the indigenous wild populations from South Korea formed a distinct group with M. anguillicaudatus, including individuals from China (CN) and Japan (JP).</p><p>Quantitative analysis of genetic divergence using the Kimura 2 - parameter (K 2 P) model further substantiated this taxonomic separation. The mean interspecific genetic distance between M. mohoity and M. anguillicaudatus was recorded at 10.04 %. The intraspecific variation remained consistently low, with mean distances of 1.26 % within M. mohoity and 1.16 % within M. anguillicaudatus . The combination of high bootstrap support and a substantial K 2 P distance (10.04 %) confirms that the M. mohoity population collected from Korea represents a distinct evolutionary lineage, taxonomically separate from the M. anguillicaudatus previously inhabiting Korea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B11382561C35D12A9F46598A0FE5B5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Park, Se-Yeon;Yun, Seung-Woon;Kang, Eon-Jong;Park, Jong-Young	Park, Se-Yeon, Yun, Seung-Woon, Kang, Eon-Jong, Park, Jong-Young (2026): New record of Misgurnus mohoity (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) from South Korea. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 56: 315-326, DOI: 10.3897/aiep.56.197412
