identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
622EFF5E0F9D5442973441323F8A0418.text	622EFF5E0F9D5442973441323F8A0418.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolbitius bisporus E. F. Malysheva	<div><p>Bolbitius bisporus E. F. Malysheva</p><p>Figs 2 i, j, 5</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small-sized, pileus 0.8–1.8 cm in diameter, convex to applanate when mature; greyish-violet (18 D 4) at the centre, transitioning to reddish-brown (9 D 4), with the margin grey (18 B 1) to white (18 A 1). Pileus surface viscid, with radiating sulcate-striae; margin with faint whitish (1 A 1) veil remnants, evanescent. Context thin, with no specific odour. Lamellae free, moderately crowded, unequal in length, ventricose, white when young, gradually becoming pale yellow (4 A 3), with the edges nearly white in dried specimens. Stipe 2–4 cm long, 2–3 mm thick, cylindrical, fistulose, fragile, white (1 A 1), longitudinally striate and covered with white powdery to flocculose pubescence. Stipe base slightly enlarged, with surface sometimes pale yellow (2 A 3).</p><p>Basidiospores (60 / 2 / 2) 9.8–12.7 μm × 5.1–6.8 μm, Q = 1.63–1.97, Qm = 1.79 (± 0.09), ellipsoid to oblong in frontal view, similar in side view, but slightly flattened or with a slight suprahilar depression, thick-walled, smooth, with distinct germ pore, greyish-yellow (4 B 5) to greyish-orange (5 B 5) in KOH solution. Basidia 16–2 μm 4 × 6.5–8 μm, broadly clavate, predominantly 2 - spored, occasionally 1 - spored, sterigmata 3–5 μm long, with vacuolar contents. Cheilocystidia 11–32 μm × 6.0–7.8 μm, clavate to narrowly utriform, with a rounded apex, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Stipitipellis a cutis. Caulocystidia (26 –) 33–51 μm × 9–13 μm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate or narrowly utriform, neck flexuous, apex rounded, hyaline, thin-walled. Pileocystidia absent. Pileipellis a hymeniderm, composed of a mixture of thin-walled elements containing greyish-magenta (13 D 3) to purplish-grey (13 D 2) or light brown (7 D 4) pigment: mostly subglobose to pyriform elements (17–41 μm × 10–20 μm), together with fewer clavate to narrowly cylindrical elements (18–32 μm × 4.2–6.2 μm). Clamp-connections were not observed in any of the examined hyphae, including those from the pileus, lamellae and stipe.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary, on rotten wood in broad-leaved forests dominated by Quercus species, with Betula as associated trees; usually in humid and shaded microhabitats; fruiting in autumn.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Russia (type locality, Malysheva et al. (2015)); China: Jilin Province (this study, new record).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Jilin Province, Ji’an City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.12&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.272778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.12/lat 41.272778)">Wunüfeng National Forest Park</a>, 41°16'22"N, 126°07'12"E, alt. 954 m, 7 Jul 2023, Qian-Ru Liu, R 23728 (FJAU 68137) ; • Tonghua City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.08737&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.565674" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.08737/lat 41.565674)">Baijifeng National Forest Park</a>, 41°33'56.43"N, 126°05'14.52"E, alt. 836 m, 7 Jul 2023, Qian-Ru Liu, R 23740 (FJAU 68136) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Although specimens from this study exhibit some morphological variation from the holotype (LE 303558) — most notably in having smaller spores (9.8–12.7 μm × 5.1–6.8 μm vs. 13–17 μm × 6.5–8.5 μm in the type) — the key diagnostic character, the predominantly bisporic basidia, is retained. Furthermore, the pileipellis elements and their arrangement, as well as the solitary habit, are also consistent with the type material. Additionally and importantly, the ITS sequence of our collections shows 99.85 % similarity with the B. bisporus holotype (LE 303558), differing by only a single nucleotide. This high level of sequence identity strongly supports conspecificity, as it falls well within the range of intraspecific variation commonly observed in fungi. We therefore interpret the spore size difference as intraspecific variation and confidently identify our Chinese collections as B. bisporus, representing a new record from China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/622EFF5E0F9D5442973441323F8A0418	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cheng, Hong;Bau, Tolgor	Cheng, Hong, Bau, Tolgor (2026): Two new species and one new record of Bolbitius (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from northeast China. MycoKeys 140: 299-316, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.140.203173
7F5AE3ED68AC52A38D97A94A701A2592.text	7F5AE3ED68AC52A38D97A94A701A2592.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolbitius fuscopapillatus T. Bau & H. Cheng 2026	<div><p>Bolbitius fuscopapillatus T. Bau &amp; H. Cheng sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 g, h, 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Latin fuscus (violet-brown) and papillatus (with a small papilla), referring to the violet-brown papillate umbo of the pileus.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>China • Heilongjiang Province, Hailun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.46" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.08/lat 47.46)">Chenjiadian Forest Farm</a>, 12 Aug 2025, 47°27'36"N, 127°04'48"E, alt. 210 m, Hong Cheng, C 2581212 (FJAU 68142) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Bolbitius fuscopapillatus is characterised by its violet-brown papillate umbo, a purplish-white margin bearing faint veil remnants, consistently 4 - spored basidia, ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores measuring 8.0–9.5 μm × 4.3–5.0 μm and the absence of clamp-connections. It is distinguished from B. bisporus by its 4 - spored (vs. predominantly 2 - spored) basidia and from B. reticulatus by its dark brown pileus centre (vs. distinctly paler pileus, ranging from white-pink or greyish-beige to white-grey), smaller basidiospores [8.0–9.5 × 4.3–5.0 μm vs. (8.5 –) 9.6–11.8 (– 12.7) μm × (5.0 –) 5.5–6.5 (– 7.2) μm] and lacking clamp-connections (vs. present).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small-sized, pileus 1–1.8 cm in diameter, convex to plano-convex when mature, slightly umbonate; violet brown (10 F 8,10E 8) at the centre, the umbo notably darker, margin purplish-white (14 A 2). Pileus surface very viscid, with radiating sulcate-striate; margin with faint whitish (1 A 1) veil remnants, evanescent. Context thin, with no specific odour. Lamellae free, moderately crowded, unequal in length, ventricose, white when young, gradually becoming pale yellow (4 A 3) to greyish-yellow (4 B 4), with nearly white edges in dried specimens. Stipe 3–4 cm long, 2–3 mm thick, cylindrical, fistulose, fragile, white (1 A 1), longitudinally striate and covered with white powdery to flocculose pubescence. Stipe base slightly enlarged.</p><p>Basidiospores (60 / 2 / 2) (7.3 –) 8.0–9.5 μm × 4.3–5.0 μm, Q = (1.62 –) 1.66–2.01 (– 2.10), Qm = 1.85 (± 0.11), ellipsoid to oblong in frontal view, similar in side view, but with a slight suprahilar depression, thick-walled, smooth, with distinct germ pore, golden yellow (3 B 5) to brownish-yellow (3 C 7) in KOH solution. Basidia 16–21 μm × 7.8–10 μm, broadly clavate, 4 - spored, sterigmata 3–5 μm long, with vacuolar contents. Cheilocystidia (18 –) 24–35 μm × (5.5 –) 6.6–11 μm, clavate to narrowly utriform, with a rounded apex, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Stipitipellis a cutis. Caulocystidia (26 –) 33–52 (– 60) μm × 7.5–11.5 μm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate, narrowly utriform, with rounded apex or slightly capitate, hyaline, thin-walled. Pileocystidia absent. Pileipellis hymeniderm, composed of a mixture of thin-walled elements bearing dull violet (14 D 4,14E 4) pigment: mostly subglobose to pyriform elements (11–24 μm × 10–21 μm), together with fewer clavate to broadly clavate elements (11–27 μm × 6.5–7.5 μm). Clamp-connections were not observed in any of the examined hyphae, including those from the pileus, lamellae and stipe.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary, on rotten wood in broad-leaved forests dominated by Quercus species, with Betula as associated trees; usually in humid and shaded microhabitats; fruiting in autumn.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from Heilongjiang Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Heilongjiang Province, Hailun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.08194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.461666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.08194/lat 47.461666)">Chenjiadian Forest Farm</a>, 25 Aug 2025, 47°27'42"N, 127°04'55"E, alt. 209 m, Hong Cheng, C 2581214 (FJAU 68143) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Bolbitius fuscopapillatus is morphologically similar to B. bisporus due to their sharing wood-inhabiting habitat and whitish veil remnants on the pileus margin. However, B. bisporus is characterised by predominantly 2 - spored basidia, whereas B. fuscopapillatus consistently has 4 - spored basidia. Our specimen FJAU 68143 also exhibits a certain macro-morphological resemblance to Bolbitius reticulatus (OKA-TR 1277). Nevertheless, the two can be readily distinguished by several key features. In B. fuscopapillatus, the centre of the pileus is dark brown, while in B. reticulatus, the entire pileus is distinctly paler, ranging from white-pink or greyish-beige to white-grey. Moreover, B. reticulatus produces significantly larger basidiospores, measuring (8.5 –) 9.6–11.8 (– 12.7) μm × (5.0 –) 5.5–6.5 (– 7.2) μm, compared to 8.0–9.5 μm × 4.3–5.0 μm in B. fuscopapillatus . Additionally, clamp-connections are present in B. reticulatus, but are entirely absent in B. fuscopapillatus . B. fuscopapillatus also resembles B. malesianus Watling, a species described from Sabah, Malaysian Borneo (Watling 1994). Although both share a purplish pileus, wood-inhabiting habit, and 4 - spored basidia, B. malesianus differs by its larger pileus (25–37 mm vs. 10–18 mm) and more elongate basidiospores [8.7–9.6 (– 11) μm × 3.9–4.8 (– 5.2) μm vs. (7.3 –) 8.0–9.5 μm × 4.3–5.0 μm]. Additionally, B. malesianus has a rimulose pileus margin (vs. sulcate-striate with whitish veil remnants in B. fuscopapillatus). The two species also have disjunct distributions (Borneo vs. north-eastern China). Therefore, despite the absence of molecular data for B. malesianus, the combined morphological and biogeographical evidence supports treating B. fuscopapillatus as a distinct species.</p><p>Based on ITS data, B. fuscopapillatus shares 99.72 % similarity with an unnamed Bolbitius sp. (OP 549060), differing by two nucleotides (one A deletion and one T substitution). Due to the absence of morphological data for Bolbitius sp. (OP 549060), we tentatively regard it as a closely-related collection that may represent the same species, but it is not treated as a confirmed distribution record. By contrast, B. fuscopapillatus differs from B. muscicola (JQ 694118) by 6.24 % ITS divergence; this genetic distance, combined with the morphological evidence presented above, supports their treatment as separate species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F5AE3ED68AC52A38D97A94A701A2592	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cheng, Hong;Bau, Tolgor	Cheng, Hong, Bau, Tolgor (2026): Two new species and one new record of Bolbitius (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from northeast China. MycoKeys 140: 299-316, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.140.203173
299A17DB73D65272A85C0C34DD93C73F.text	299A17DB73D65272A85C0C34DD93C73F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bolbitius planoflavus T. Bau & H. Cheng 2026	<div><p>Bolbitius planoflavus T. Bau &amp; H. Cheng sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 k, l, 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>“ planoflavus ” refers to the species’ pileus being both plane and pale yellow when mature.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>China • Jilin Province, Dunhua City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.98778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.125275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.98778/lat 44.125275)">Laobai Mountain</a>, 21 Jul 2025, 44°07'31"N, 127°59'16"E, alt. 273 m, Hong Cheng, C 2572105 (FJAU 68140) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Bolbitius planoflavus is characterised by its distinctly applanate, pale yellow pileus when mature; ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores (9.0–10.5 μm × 5.2–5.8 μm) with a distinct germ pore; occasional 2 - spored basidia; and absence of clamp-connections. It differs from other yellow-pileate species as follows: from B. lacteus (whitish pileus, larger spores, deliquescent gills); from B. aurantiorugosus (reddish-orange pileus tints, larger boletoid spores); and from B. titubans (bright yellow, non-applanate pileus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small-sized, pileus 1.5–2 cm in diameter, applanate when mature, slightly umbonate or slightly depressed at centre; pastel yellow to pale yellow (2 A 4 to 2 A 3) at the centre gradually paler towards the margin to pale yellow (2 A 3) or yellowish-white (2 A 2). Pileus viscid, especially at the centre, margin sulcate-striate up to 2 / 3 of the radius. Context thin, with no specific odour. Lamellae free, moderately crowded, unequal in length, ventricose, white when young, gradually becoming orange-white (5 A 2) to light orange (5 A 3) with age, with the edges nearly white in dried specimens. Stipe 3–5 cm long, 2–4 mm thick, cylindrical, fistulose, fragile, white (1 A 1) to yellowish-white (1 A 2), longitudinally striate and covered with white powdery to flocculose pubescence. Stipe base slightly enlarged.</p><p>Basidiospores (60 / 2 / 2) 9.0–10.5 (– 12.2) μm × (5.0 –) 5.2–5.8 (– 6.3) μm, Q = (1.51 –) 1.58–2.05 (– 2.25), Qm = 1.81 (± 0.17), ellipsoid to oblong in frontal view, similar in side view, but with a slight suprahilar depression, thick-walled, smooth, with distinct germ pore, golden yellow (5 B 7) to brownish-yellow (5 C 7) in potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Basidia 18–24 × 9.5–11 μm, broadly clavate, 4 - spored, occasionally 2 - spored, sterigmata 3–5 μm long, with vacuolar contents. Cheilocystidia (24) 27–47 (– 52) × 7–10 (– 12) μm, clavate to narrow utriform, sometimes with a long neck and rounded apex, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Stipitipellis a cutis. Caulocystidia (20 –) 24–47 (– 50) × 7–8 μm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate, often flexuose, constricted near the base, rounded at apex, occasionally furcate, hyaline, thin-walled. Pileocystidia absent. Pileipellis hymeniform, composed of clavate to broadly clavate elements, (15 –) 18–26 × 7–10 (– 12) μm, thin walled, nearly colourless. Clamp-connections were not observed in any of the examined hyphae, including those from the pileus, lamellae and stipe.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Solitary, on rotten leaves or deeply decayed wood in broad-leaved or mixed forests dominated by Quercus species, with Pinus as associated trees; usually in humid and shaded microhabitats; fruiting in summer.</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from Jilin Province, China.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Jilin Province, Ji’an City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.12&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.272778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.12/lat 41.272778)">Wunüfeng National Forest Park</a>, 25 Jul 2025, 41°16'22"N, 126°07'12"E, alt. 330 m, Hong Cheng, C 2572519 (FJAU 68141) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Within the genus Bolbitius, only a few species are known to have a distinctly yellow pileus, including Bolbitius corrugatus and the Bolbitius titubans species complex. Bolbitius planoflavus is distinguished from these by its distinctly applanate (flattened) pileus when mature, whereas other yellow-capped species typically retain a convex or plano-convex shape. From Bolbitius corrugatus (Drummond-Herdman et al. 2025), B. planoflavus further differs in basidiospore morphology (ellipsoid to oblong in frontal view vs. irregular in B. corrugatus) and ecology (on rotten leaves or deeply decayed wood in broad-leaved or mixed forests vs. on old cow dung in upland grassland). Additionally, compared to the Bolbitius titubans complex as described by Malysheva et al. (2015), B. planoflavus possesses notably smaller basidiospores. Bolbitius flavus (Murrill) Sacc. &amp; Trott. also exhibits a distinctly applanate pileus at maturity with a colour similar to that of B. planoflavus . However, B. flavus is generally larger (pileus 4–7 cm in wide; stipe 6–10 cm in long), grows caespitosely on horse dung (whereas B. planoflavus is saprotrophic on rotten leaves or deeply decayed wood in forests) and possesses markedly larger basidiospores (14 μm × 8 μm) compared to the notably smaller spores of B. planoflavus .</p><p>According to molecular data (ITS sequences), B. planoflavus shows 95.24 % sequence identity with its closest relative B. aurantiorugosus (holotype LE 303466, GenBank KP 033523) and 89.47 % identity with B. titubans (LE 303580, KR 425537).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/299A17DB73D65272A85C0C34DD93C73F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cheng, Hong;Bau, Tolgor	Cheng, Hong, Bau, Tolgor (2026): Two new species and one new record of Bolbitius (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from northeast China. MycoKeys 140: 299-316, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.140.203173
