identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
64C4FB6C4AAE5F90AC512BD638862F2F.text	64C4FB6C4AAE5F90AC512BD638862F2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe citrinonigrescens Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti & Vizzini 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe citrinonigrescens Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti &amp; Vizzini sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>citrino refers to the lemon-yellow pileus, while nigrescens denotes the entirely blackening basidioma.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from H. singeri in having a vivid lemon-yellow pileus, shorter basidiospores, and divergence in ribosomal sequences; differing from H. conica var. brevispora in lacking red coloration in the pileus and stipe and in its divergence in ribosomal sequences.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.53941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.745998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.53941/lat 19.745998)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.745998, –70.539411, 11 December 2016, C. Angelini, JBSD 141871 Holotype (ANGE 814 Isotype). GenBank: ITS = PZ 148591 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 15–40 mm diam., conical at first, later expanded to applanate with a ± distinct, usually acute umbo but sometimes broadly conical, margin not or very slightly lobed, translucent-striate up to more than half the radius; surface smooth, slightly fibrillose, strongly glutinous, lemon-yellow, often flushed with orange, strongly blackening with age. Lamellae subfree, ventricose, up to 7 mm broad, intercalated with lamellulae, white, thin, and moderately distant, with irregular edge, blackening when handled or with age. Stipe 35–70 × 7–12 mm, cylindrical and straight, tapered towards the apex, light lemon-yellow, whitish at the base; surface viscid, distinctly fibrillose-ribbed and twisted, blackening when handled or with age, fistulose. All parts ± blackening when handled or with age and weathered or old basidiomata may be entirely black. Context very thin in the pileus (1–1.5 mm) white-orange, thicker in the stipe (2–3 mm), whitish silky-watery, blackening. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores (7.5 –) 8.5– 9.2 – 9.9 (– 11.0) × (6.0 –) 6.8– 7.4 – 7.9 (– 8.5) µm [153 / 5 / 3], Q = 1.15– 1.25 – 1.36, V = 214– 264 – 314 µm 3, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, varying seamlessly from small to large (without a clearcut distinction between microspores and macrospores), often with a subplane adaxial side, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, with a large and obtuse hilar appendix, multiguttulate, with greenish guttules observed in bright-field microscopy. Basidia mainly monomorphic (as macrobasidia), 40–45.8 (– 55.0) × (9.9 –) 11.2–12.4 (– 14.8) µm [42 / 4 / 3], Q = 2.85– 3.30 – 3.75, V = 2443– 3326 – 4210 µm 3, broadly clavate, usually with a long tapering and narrow peduncle, tetrasporic to bisporic, often with guttular contents, hyaline, with blackish-brown contents when old (necropigments), sterigmata up to 6 (– 7) µm long;); microbasidia very rare, maturing before macrobasidia, many partly collapsed, cylindrical-clavate, (25 –) 27–31 × (5 –) 7–8.5 (– 10.5) µm. Basidiola broadly clavate, hyaline, then with blackish-brown cytoplasmic contents. Lamellar edge fertile. Pseudocystidia 25–35 × 4–6 (– 7) µm, rare, subcylindrical, sometimes sinuous, often subacute apically, sometimes with an apical appendage. Hymenophoral trama regular, consisting of more or less parallel hyphae, subcylindrical to subfusiform, some over 200 µm long, 3–10 µm wide. Pileipellis a gelatinized cutis, with mainly radial, repent hyphae, cylindrical, frequently exceeding 200 µm in length, 3–10 µm wide, subhyaline, then blackish-brown when old; some ascending pileocystidioid elements present, 2–6 µm wide. Subcutis regular, consisting of parallel, subcylindrical hyphae, frequently exceeding 200 µm in length, 15–30 µm wide, hyaline then blackish-brown when old. Stipitipellis a slightly gelatinized cutis, consisting of parallel hyphae, subcylindrical, frequently exceeding 200 µm in length, 3–10 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 1 μm thick), subhyaline, then blackish-brown when old. Caulocystidia present especially on stipe apex, 30–100 × 5–15 µm, versiform, subcylindrical, sinuous, bilobed, clavate, hyaline when young, sometimes with scattered guttular deposits, refractive crystalline deposits abundant. Stipititrama regular, of parallel subcylindrical elements, often over 200 µm long, 10–20 µm wide, hyaline then blackish-brown when old. Clamp-connections present throughout.</p><p>Habit, habitat, occurrence, and distribution.</p><p>Gregarious, in groups of a few to many basidiomata, on litter in broad-leaved forests a few kilometers from the sea. Common but localized. Thus far known only from the Dominican Republic.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.53941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.745998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.53941/lat 19.745998)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.745998, –70.539411, 22 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 817) ; ibidem, 25 December 2016 (ANGE 826) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hygrocybe citrinonigrescens is characterized by its medium-small size, entirely slimy basidiomata, a translucent-striate pileus margin, vivid lemon-yellow colors of the pileus, a ribbed and twisted stipe, and strong blackening of all parts of the basidiomata. The three sequences of H. citrinonigrescens form a well-supported clade (SH-aLRT = 90, UFB = 100, BPP = 1) within the / singeri clade (SH-aLRT = 86, UFB = 98, BPP = 0.97). The / singeri clade includes the isotype of H. singeri from Washington State (TENN 023666), a sequence deposited as H. aff. conica (AFTOL _ID_729), a sequence deposited as H. nigrescens var. brevispora from Mexico (ECO-TA-HO 7868), and the novel species H. parabolica . The morphologically similar, blackening Hygrocybe conica var. peradenyca (Sacc.) Pegler was described from Sri Lanka but differs in having yellow vs. white lamellae, a non-slimy pileus and stipe, and narrower spores, 7–10 × 5–6 µm (Dennis 1970; Pegler 1986). H. atrosquamosa Pegler from Martinique and Tobago usually has a yellow, blackening pileus and spores similar in size and shape but differs from H. citrinonigrescens in having a strongly fibrillose, non-viscid pileus surface (Pegler 1983). Among the species phylogenetically closest to H. citrinonigrescens, H. nigrescens var. brevispora (Dennis) Pegler, recently recombined as H. conica var. brevispora (Dennis) S. A. Cantrell &amp; Lodge, is easily distinguished macroscopically, as it has reddish coloration on both the pileus and the stipe when young (Dennis 1970; Lodge and Pegler 1990; Cantrell and Lodge 2000). Collections identified as H. conica var. brevispora are polyphyletic (Fig. 1); the species was described by Dennis as Hygrophorus nigrescens var. brevisporus from Venezuela. Hygrocybe singeri (A. H. Sm. &amp; Hesler) Singer, described from northwestern North America as Hygrophorus singeri A. H. Sm. &amp; Hesler, can be morphologically distinguished from H. citrinonigrescens by its pileus color, which ranges from red-orange to yellow rather than vivid lemon-yellow, and by its longer, elliptical basidiospores (9–12 × 5–6 μm) (Smith and Hesler 1954).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/64C4FB6C4AAE5F90AC512BD638862F2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
CBC59BC3165E590BA8F3B425A42B55E0.text	CBC59BC3165E590BA8F3B425A42B55E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe jarabacoensis Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti & Vizzini 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe jarabacoensis Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti &amp; Vizzini sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet jarabacoensis refers to the type locality, Jarabacoa, a town in the Central Mountain Range of the Dominican Republic where the species was collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from H. chloochlora in the absence of a membranous marginal fringe and a perforation on the pileus and divergence in ribosomal sequences.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Dominican Republic, La Vega, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.59265&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.188667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.59265/lat 19.188667)">Jarabacoa</a> 19.188667, –70.592655, 7 March 2020, C. Angelini, JBSD 141872 Holotype (ANGE 1374 Isotype). GenBank: ITS = PZ 148590, LSU = PZ 145851 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 25–40 mm diam., convex then plane, sometimes becoming depressed but not perforated at center, margin not lobed and not striate; surface dry or moist but not viscid, radially fibrillose-rugose and cracked in age, strongly rimose if dry, yellow-green, reddish (brownish) - green. Lamellae adnate-emarginate or decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, up to 7 mm broad, intercalated with 1–2 lengths of lamellulae, olive green, yellow-green, thick, and distant, with pale, irregular eroded edge. Stipe 45–75 × 2–5 mm, elongate, straight and ± cylindrical, greenish white towards the apex, tinted pale red or yellow towards the base, white at base; surface smooth, pruinose, covered with small white flakes, solid or slightly fistulose. Context up to 1–2 mm thick, greenish white in the pileus, reddish white in the stipe, immutable. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores strongly dimorphic: macrospores (13.5 –) 15.7– 17.5 – 19.4 (– 21.0) × (8.0 –) 9.1– 10.1 – 11.0 (– 12.0) µm, [95 / 6 / 3], Q = 1.60– 1.75 – 1.90, V = 689– 948 – 1206 µm 3, oblong, rarely ellipsoid, sometimes with a subplane adaxial side, inamyloid, thin- to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 1 µm), hyaline, mostly with refractive guttulate content, occasionally with a large inner guttula, without a suprahilar depression, with mostly obtuse apex, and distinct hilar appendix; microspores (5.0 –) 5.9– 6.5 – 7.2 (– 8.0) × (3.0 –) 3.5– 3.96 – 4.4 (– 5.0) µm [120 / 6 / 3], Q = 1.50– 1.65 – 1.81, V = 39.0– 54.9 – 70.9 µm 3, ellipsoid to oblong, inamyloid, thin- to slightly thick-walled [wall up to 0.5 (– 0.8) µm thick], hyaline, with one or more guttules and with evident hilar appendix. Basidia clearly dimorphic: macrobasidia (30.0 –) 37.0– 43.8 – 50.6 (– 57.5) × (12.0 –) 14.1– 16.3 – 18.4 (– 21.0) µm [41 / 6 / 3], clavate, ventricose, often with more or less long peduncle, with large medallion clamp at base, tetrasporic to bisporic, sterigmata up to 8 μm long, thin- to thick-walled (wall up to 1 µm thick), hyaline, guttulate; microbasidia (17.0 –) 20.8– 24.4 – 28.0 (– 31.5) × (5.0 –) 6.0–6.8 – 7.6 (– 8.5) μm [77 / 6 / 3], Q = 3.0– 3.6 – 4.3, V = 428– 607 – 786 µm 3, narrowly clavate to clavate, mostly with more or less long peduncle, with medallion clamp at base, tetrasporic to bisporic, sterigmata up to 9 (– 10) μm long, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 0.5 µm thick) apically, hyaline and often internally guttulate. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamellar edge shows pseudocystidia (sterile elements that originate from the hymenophoral trama hyphae) and cheilocystidia. Pseudocystidia 30–120 × 8–15 μm, subcylindrical, lageniform, subfusiform, sometimes reclined, straight or sinuous, sometimes septate, thin-walled, hyaline, often with refractive guttulate deposits, with rounded to subacute apex. Cheilocystidia abundant, mostly localized near the stipe, broadly clavate to subcylindrical, 20–40 × 8–15 µm, with a more or less long peduncle, hyaline, without inner guttulae. Hymenophoral trama regular to subregular; a mixture of short, clavate, swollen, fusiform, 20–50 µm wide hyphae and long subcylindrical, often&gt; 500 µm × 5–20 (– 30) μm hyphae, often tapered towards the septa; thin- to thick-walled (to 1.5 µm thick), faintly yellowish colored, with a hyaline to pale yellowish cytoplasmic pigment; rare thromboplerous hyphae, 2–5 µm wide, sinuous and with yellowish contents. Pileipellis as a subregular cutis, consisting of a) mostly fusiform parallel (repent) hyphae, over 200 µm long, 10–20 µm wide, some with an adscending terminal element, with yellowish-ochre cytoplasmic contents; b) thin hyphae with an irregular pattern, intertwined, exceeding 200 µm long, 3–5 µm wide, thin-walled, hyaline or slightly greenish under optical microscopy. Discontinuously, there are also tufts of emerging pileocystidioid hyphae with a morphology similar to that of pseudocystidia (see picture ANGE 1940). Occasional thromboplerous hyphae with yellowish contents. Subcutis subregular to irregular, made up of short fusiform, subvesicular elements, and fusiform hyphae even over 200 µm long and 20–40 (– 50) μm wide, thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis composed of parallel cylindrical hyphae, 3–10 μm wide, thin to slightly thick-walled (to 1.0 µm thick), with a yellowish cytoplasmic pigment, producing, especially at the stipe apex, copious and characteristic tufts of caulocystidia 20–60 × 6–20 µm which have a morphology similar to those present on the lamellar edge near the stipe. There are also thin hyphae with an irregular pattern, intertwined, exceeding 200 µm long, 3–5 µm wide, thin-walled, hyaline or slightly greenish, similar to those found in the pileipellis. Stipititrama regular, consisting of parallel hyphae even over 200 µm long, 5–15 (– 20) μm wide, thin-walled, mostly hyaline. Clamp-connections present throughout.</p><p>Habit, habitat, occurrence, and distribution.</p><p>Growing solitary on litter in mountain forests with conifers ( Pinus occidentalis Sw.). Quite common.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Dominican Republic, La Vega, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.59265&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.188667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.59265/lat 19.188667)">Jarabacoa</a> 19.188667, –70.592655, 7 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 888) ; ibidem, 12 December 2023 (ANGE 1940) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species is characterized by its medium-sized basidiomata, a radially fibrillose pileus, a long stipe, yellowish-reddish-green tinges on the pileus, lamellae, and stipe, and the presence of macro- and microbasidiospores. The three nrITS sequences of H. jarabacoensis clustered in a highly supported clade (SH-aLRT = 84, UFB = 100, BPP = 0.98). In the phylogeny, the / H. jarabacoensis clade is sister to the sequence of H. chloochlora from Puerto Rico (SAC-PR- 9899, GenBank KF 381522). The nrITS sequence from the holotype of H. jarabacoensis revealed 95 % sequence identity (578 of 609 base pairs) and a gap occurrence of 3 % (19 of 609 base pairs) when compared with the nrITS sequence of H. chloochlora from Puerto Rico (GenBank KF 381522). Both are placed within a more inclusive supported clade (SH-aLRT = 92, UFB = 98, BPP = 0.99) that includes H. appalachianensis (TENN: 61606) and four sequences from Belize deposited in GenBank as H. aff. chloochlora (CFMR BZ-3042, EU 435147, Hygrocybe smaragdus Lodge, T. J. Baroni &amp; Aime, nom. prov., ined.), H. aff. prieta (CFMR BZ-3099, GenBank KF 291168, Hygrocybe elongatipes Lodge, T. J. Baroni &amp; Aime, nom. prov., ined.; BRH; CFMR), and H. aff. neofirma (CFMR BZ-1926, KF 291166; BRH; PUL).</p><p>Among the species of Hygrocybe with green coloration, H. jarabacoensis differs from H. chloochlora Pegler &amp; Fiard from the Caribbean and H. aff. chloochlora from Belize in lacking a membranous marginal fringe on the pileus; it also lacks a perforated pileus, whereas H. chloochlora usually has a pileus perforated at the center (Pegler and Fiard 1978; Pegler 1983; Lodge and Pegler 1990; Lodge, pers. obs.). In addition, the macrospores of H. jarabacoensis (14–21 × 8–11 µm) are larger than those of H. aff. chloochlora from Belize (10.7–15.2 × 6.4–8.4 µm). Among Hygrocybe species in section Pseudofirmae from the Caribbean Basin with purple or dusky tints on the pileus, H. jarabacoensis shares the presence of waxy, furfuraceous scales on the stipe with H. prieta Lodge &amp; Pegler but differs in lacking a perforated pileus with a sterile fringe and in having larger macrospores (14–21 × 8–11 vs. 10–17 × 7–9 µm) (Lodge and Pegler 1990).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CBC59BC3165E590BA8F3B425A42B55E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
845456034B25565DAC2B73293C27131A.text	845456034B25565DAC2B73293C27131A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe parabolica Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti & Vizzini 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe parabolica Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti &amp; Vizzini sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet refers to the parabolic shape of its pileus.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from H. singeri in the less viscid (subviscid) basidioma, the slow and faint blackening of the entire basidioma upon aging, which, on the stipe, is restricted solely to the base, pale yellow lamellae, wider basidiospores, 2 (– 4) - spored basidia, presence of microspores, and divergence in ribosomal sequences.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.54037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.746151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.54037/lat 19.746151)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.746151, –70.540367, 23 December 2016, C. Angelini, JBSD 141877 Holotype (ANGE 821 Isotype). GenBank: ITS = PZ 148587 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus up to 15 mm in diam., parabolic or broadly parabolic, usually not fully expanded, with a rounded umbo, margin even, not lobed; surface smooth, viscid when fresh then moist or dry, orange-red, light pellucid orange and striate at margin, blackening slowly with age. Lamellae adnexed, sometimes slightly emarginate, ventricose, up to 3 mm broad, intercalated with lamellulae, pale yellow, thick, and distant, with irregular and concolorous edge. Stipe 25–30 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, hollow, olive yellow; surface subviscid when collected, possibly more viscid based on the deeply gelatinized stipiticutis, blackening when handled or with age mostly at the base. Context very thin in the pileus. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores mostly as macrospores (8.0 –) 8.8– 9.7 – 10.5 (– 11.5) × (5.5 –) 6.5– 7.2 – 7.8 (– 8.5) µm [107 / 1 / 1], Q = 1.23– 1.35 – 1.48, V = 199– 264 – 329 µm 3 (from bisporic basidia), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid with rounded apex (rarely tapering towards the apex) in frontal view, sometimes with a sub-flat adaxial in lateral view, without median constriction, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, with broad and obtuse hilar appendix, guttulate; microspores rare, (6.5 –) 7.1– 7.4 – 7.7 (– 8.0) × (5.5 –) 6.1– 6.5 – 6.9 (– 7.5) µm [11 / 1 / 1], Q = 1.08– 1.14 – 1.21, V = 142– 165 – 189 µm 3, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, with prominant hilar appendix, with uniform or guttulate contents. Basidia mostly as macrobasidia (29.5 –) 33.2– 37.1 – 40.9 (– 45.0) × (8.0 –) 8.8– 9.7 – 10.7 (– 11.5) µm [27 / 1 / 1], Q = 3.4– 3.8 – 4.3, V = 1456– 1866 – 2277 µm 3, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, sometimes with a long pedicel (up to 15 (– 20) µm long) tapering downwards, bisporic (abundant) or tetrasporic (rare), monosporic (very rare), often with guttulate content, sterigmata up to 8 (– 10) µm long; microbasidia occasional (very rare) (21.5 –) 24.1– 26.7 – 29.3 (– 32.0) × (6.5 –) 7.35– 8.32 – 9.3 (– 10.5) µm [19 / 1 / 1], Q = 2.9– 3.2 – 3.5, V = 696– 994 – 1292 µm 3, cylindrical-clavate, hyaline, guttulate. Lamellar edge fertile. Cheilocystidia and Pleurocystidia not observed. Hymenophoral trama regular, hyphae parallel, subcylindrical, mostly longer than 200 µm, some up to 1000 µm long, 5–20 µm wide, hyaline or faintly yellow, with the wall often up to 2.0 µm thick and then yellowish in color. Pileipellis an ixocutis with radial, repent cylindrical hyphae up to 80 µm long, 3–7 µm wide, showing a brownish, solid or dissolved cytoplasmic pigment and an epiparietal pigment as darker colored plaques. Subcutis regular, consisting of subparallel, subcylindrical hyphae, often over 200 µm long mixed with shorter elements, 5–14 µm wide, hyaline to pale yellowish. Stipitipellis as a strongly gelatinized ixocutis of parallel subcylindrical hyphae, up to 100 µm long, 3–6 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 1.0 μm thick), with pale to brownish or reddish-brown cytoplasmic pigment; caulocystidia absent. Stipititrama regular, made up of parallel, subcylindrical hyphae, often over 200 µm long mixed with shorter elements, 5–15 (– 18) µm wide, hyaline to faintly brownish. Clamp-connections observed on all hyphae especially at the base of the basidia.</p><p>Habit, habitat, occurrence, and distribution.</p><p>Growing gregariously on burned ground in broad-leaved forest a few kilometers from the sea. Uncommon and localized.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hygrocybe parabolica is characterized by its small-sized basidiomata, a parabolic red-orange pileus with a non-lobed margin, a subviscid basidioma, and slow blackening, mostly localized to the stipe. Microscopically, it is characterized by predominantly bisporic basidia and a lack of clear distinction between microspore and macrospore measurements. Hygrocybe parabolica belongs to the / conica clade and is the sister species of H. singeri (A. H. Sm. &amp; Hesler) Singer, sharing 93 % identity (550 / 593) with 12 / 593 gaps (2 %). Hygrocybe singeri differs from H. parabolica in being so viscid that it was difficult to hold and in blackening entirely vs. mostly in the stipe; in having initially light-orange vs. pale yellow lamellae; in having narrower spores (5–6 vs. 6–7 µm) that are slightly bean-shaped in side view; in having exclusively four-spored basidia; and in lacking microspores (Smith and Hesler 1954). H. singeri var. albifolia (Hesler &amp; A. H. Sm.) Singer resembles H. parabolica in having bisterigmate basidia and broader spores (× 6–7.5 µm), but it differs in having a larger pileus (20–50 vs. up to 15 mm) and paler lamellae (white vs. pale yellow). The type variety of H. singeri is represented by a single sequence in GenBank from the isotype, whereas H. singeri var. albifolia is known only from the type and is entirely blackened after being pressed; therefore, neither is well circumscribed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/845456034B25565DAC2B73293C27131A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
93232BE2CBDF5B41B7809652FF32116B.text	93232BE2CBDF5B41B7809652FF32116B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe perdomoi Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti & Vizzini 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe perdomoi Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti &amp; Vizzini sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 9, 10</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Dedicated to the Dominican mycologist Omar Paino Perdomo.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from H. acutoconica in smaller slimy-viscid basidioma, not constricted broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid or ellipsoid-ovoid basidiospores, and divergence in ribosomal sequences.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.54037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.746151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.54037/lat 19.746151)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.746151, –70.540367, 11 December 2016, C. Angelini, JBSD 141873 Holotype (ANGE 813 Isotype). GenBank: ITS = PZ 148589, LSU = PZ 145852 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 15–42 mm diam., conical at first, later expanded to applanate, with an umbo, sometimes cuspidate (e. g., Mushroom Observer 501267, GenBank PP 383936, 99.13 % similar) margin not lobed; surface smooth, viscid and shiny, with striate margin up to more than half the radius, surface pale Straw Color, light lemon yellow, golden yellow, to orange yellow in the Dominican Republic, orange yellow, orange or scarlet red in Florida (iNaturalist 195601389; GenBank PP 850544, 99.27 % similar, Mushroom Observer 501267). Lamellae narrowly adnexed, ventricose, up to 7 mm broad, intercalated with 1–2 lengths of lamellulae, pale yellow to Cream color or white, rather thin, distant, with pale, irregular eroded edge. Stipe 40–70 × 3–5 mm, cylindrical, straight or curved, usually yellow and white; surface viscid, fibrillose-ribbed and twisted, covered with scattered white floccules. Context up to 2 mm thick, yellowish orange in the pileus, yellowish white in the stipe. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores (8.0 –) 9.6– 10.9 – 12.3 (– 13.5) × (5.5 –) 6.3– 7.3 – 8.3 (– 9.5) µm [230 / 6 / 3], Q = 1.35– 1.51 – 1.67, V = 210–318 – 426 µm 3, broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, ellipsoid-ovoid, oblong, without ventral constriction, smooth, hyaline, thin-walled, guttulate, with broad and obtuse hilar appendix. In some specimens occasional presence (copious to scarce) of less voluminous, ellipsoid basidiospores (6.4 –) 7.3– 8.2 – 9.0 (– 9.9) × (4.7 –) 5.4– 6.1 – 6.7 (– 7.4) µm [55 / 4 / 2], Q = 1.25– 1.35 – 1.45, V = 110– 162 – 210 µm 3. Basidia (31.2 –) 34.8– 38.4 – 42.1 (– 45.7) × (10.3 –) 11.0– 11.7 – 12.5 (– 12.5) µm [32 / 2 / 1], Q = 3.0– 3.3 – 3.6, V = 2323– 2797 – 3271 µm 3, clavate, cylindrical-clavate, with tapering base, in some basidiomata predominantly tetrasporic, in others bisporic, monosporic ones are also present, often guttulate with large or small guttulae, sterigmata up to 8 µm long. Basidiola subcylindrical to broadly clavate, 30–35 × 10–12 µm. Lamellar edge fertile. Cheilocystidia and Pleurocystidia absent. Pseudocystidia, occasional (rare), mostly on the lamellar edge near the attachment point of the stipe, arising as a final extension of the hymenophoral trama hyphae, 15–40 × 7–12 µm, clavate, swollen, subcylindrical. Hymenophoral trama regular, consisting of parallel long tubular elements, usually 120–350 × 3–8 (– 10) µm, sometimes even longer, with an enlarged end; present also hyphae with refractive cytoplasmic content. Pileipellis as an irregular ixotrichoderm (scarce gelled matrix), with emerging, erect or semi-erect hyphae, loose, sub-intertwined, multi-articulate (pluriseptate), simple or bifurcated, exceeding 150–200 µm and 3–7 µm broad, terminal element usually swollen, sometimes clavate. Subcutis made up of subcylindrical to fusiform hyphae, exceeding 200 µm and 8–15 (– 20) µm broad, with hyaline to slightly yellowish content; thromboplerous hyphae abundant, almost straight to wavy, 5–12 µm broad, with greenish content; copious presence of refractive crystalline deposits. Stipitipellis as an ixocutis consisting of parallel to slightly intertwined, 3–8 μm broad hyphae, thin- to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 0.5 (0.8) µm thick), with a pale yellowish cytoplasmic pigment; in the apical portion of the stipe there are tufts of club-shaped caulocystidia-like hyphae, 40–60 × 5–10 µm, hyaline, thin-walled. Stipititrama formed by parallel subcylindrical hyphae, even longer than 200 µm, 8–15 (– 20) µm broad, with small or large refractive crystalline deposits. Clamp-connections present everywhere.</p><p>Habit, habitat, occurrence, and distribution.</p><p>Growing in small groups on litter in broad-leaved forests a few kilometers from the sea. Common. According to the phylogeny, known from the Dominican Republic and Florida in southeastern USA.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.54037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.746151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.54037/lat 19.746151)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.746151, –70.540367, 22 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 816) ; ibidem, 22 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 818); ibidem, 3 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 815); ibidem, 21 January 2010, C. Angelini (dried collection lost); ibidem, 15 December 2019, C. Angelini (dried collection lost) .</p><p>Additional collections matched using a GenBank BLAST search.</p><p>USA, Florida, Alachua County, Gainseville, Sweetwater Preserve, off of entrance on 16 th street, lat. 29.629, long. – 82.32, 6 August 2017, B. Kaminsky &amp; G. LaPierre, GenBank MH 211824, FLAS -F-61222; Miami-Dade County, Everglades National Park, lat. 25.615, long. – 80.584, 19 June 2020, A. R. Franck, iNaturalist 50221983, GenBank OP 580224; ibid., 19 June 2020, A. R. Franck, ARF-4859, iNaturalist 195601387, GenBank OP 580224; FLAS -F-70002; Palm Beach County, Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse, lat. 26.95, long. – 80.08, 2 January 2024, S. Otsuni, iNaturalist 195601389, GenBank PP 850544; ibid, iNaturalist 195601387, GenBank PP 791118; Volusia County, DeLand, Lake Beresford Park, lat. 29.0, long. – 81.344, 9 September 2022, S. Otsuni, iNaturalist 134321825; Mushroom Observer 501267, GenBank PP 383936.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hygrocybe perdomoi is characterized by its small, entirely viscid basidiomata; a pileus with a striate margin, colored vivid yellow to orange in collections from the Dominican Republic or orange to scarlet red in collections from Florida; and a viscid, fibrillose-ribbed surface of the stipe. Hygrocybe pseudohypohaemacta differs in having entirely glutinous basidiomata, white or rarely pinkish-orange-red vs. cream to pale yellow lamellae, and basidiospores that are subglobose to broadly ellipsoid vs. ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid, or ellipsoid-ovoid. The four sequences of H. perdomoi from the Dominican Republic, together with five sequences retrieved from GenBank originating from Florida in the southeastern USA, formed a well-supported clade (SH-aLRT = 94, UFB = 98, BPP = 1) within the Hygrocybe / acutoconica clade. The / acutoconica clade itself is a polytomous, strongly supported group (SH-aLRT = 100, UFB = 100, BPP = 1), containing six additional sequences representing H. acutoconica var. pallidocarnea, H. acutoconica var. persistens, H. acutoconica f. japonica, and two distinct terminal taxa identified as H. konradii var. konradii . Within the / acutoconica clade, only the / H. perdomoi subclade includes sequences from both North and Central America; all other sequences originate from specimens collected in Europe or Japan. Hygrocybe acutoconica (Bon 1990; Candusso 1997; Boertmann 2010) differs from H. perdomoi in having more robust basidiomata (pileus up to 70 mm diam., stipe up to 10 mm thick), with a moist or slightly viscid pileus vs. slimy viscid, a dry vs. slimy-viscid stipe surface, and spores that are cylindrical to oblong (mean Q = 1.8–2.2) and sometimes constricted vs. mostly broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid, or ellipsoid-ovoid (mean Q = 1.46–1.56) and not constricted.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/93232BE2CBDF5B41B7809652FF32116B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
222FD2BE5AF1539EB010AEDACF013958.text	222FD2BE5AF1539EB010AEDACF013958.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe pseudohypohaemacta Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti & Vizzini 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe pseudohypohaemacta Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti &amp; Vizzini sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11, 12, 13</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the Greek prefix pseudo- (false), referring to its close morphological similarity to H. hypohaemacta, with which it may be easily confused.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from H. hypohaemacta in larger microspores, differently shaped macrospores, absence of hymenial cystidia, geographic range, and divergence in ribosomal sequences.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.54037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.746151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.54037/lat 19.746151)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.746151, –70.540367, 23 December 2016, C. Angelini, JBSD 141878 Holotype (ANGE 819 Isotype). GenBank: ITS = PZ 148603, LSU = PZ 145854 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 15–28 mm diam., at first and for a long time conical or hemispherical, later expanded to applanate, without an umbo and the margin not or very slightly lobed; surface smooth, glutinous and shiny, with translucent-striate margin up to more than half the radius, uniformly colored bright scarlet red or orange, but always with a narrow yellow margin, some yellow with a reddish-orange center and yellow margin. Lamellae narrowly adnate, just free or sometimes slightly emarginate, ventricose, up to 2 mm broad, intercalated with 2 lengths of lamellulae, white, rarely pale pinkish-orange-red, thick, and distant, with irregular and concolorous edge. Stipe 30–60 × 1–4 mm, cylindrical, straight or curved, often tapered towards the apex, usually partly golden-yellow, sometimes reddish-yellow or reddish orange; surface covered by a very thick transparent glutinous layer (as in Roridomyces Rexer, Mycenaceae Overeem). Context thin, reddish white in the pileus, yellowish white in the stipe. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores dimorphic; macrospores (7.5 –) 8.2– 9.1 – 9.9 (– 11.0) × (6.0 –) 7.0– 7.8 – 8.7 (– 9.5) µm [246 10 / 6] Q = 1.07– 1.16 – 1.26, V = 214– 300 – 385 µm 3, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, inamyloid, thin- to thick-walled (wall up to 0.5 µm thick), hyaline, mostly with guttulate content and with a large central guttula; microspores (4.2 –) 4.8– 5.3 – 5.9 (– 6.4) × (3.2 –) 3.8– 4.4 – 5.0 (– 5.6) µm [141 / 10 / 5], Q = 1.09– 1.22 – 1.35, V = 35– 56 – 78 µm 3, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, inamyloid, thin- to thick-walled (wall up to XX thick µm), hyaline, with only a large central guttula or multiguttulate. Basidia dimorphic; macrobasidia (23.8 –) 27.7– 31.3 – 35.6 (– 39.5) × (8.4 –) 9.5– 10.5 – 11.6 (– 12.6) [33 / 3 / 2], Q = 2.6– 3.0 – 3.4, V = 1398– 1860 – 2322 μm 3, clavate, usually squat, with or without peduncle, thin-walled or slightly thick-walled at apex, hyaline, with guttulate content, tetrasporic and bisporic; sterigmata up to 8 μm long; microbasidia (15.7 –) 18.8– 21.9 – 25.0 (– 28.5) × (4.4 –) 5.2– 6.0 – 6.8 (– 7.6) μm [141 / 10 / 5], Q = 3.1– 3.7 – 4.2, V = 286– 429 – 573 µm 3, narrowly clavate to clavate, mostly with a more or less long peduncle, thin-walled or slightly thick-walled at apex, hyaline, with guttulate content, tetrasporic to bisporic, sterigmata up to 7 μm long. The ratio between macrobasidia and microbasidia varies across different collections. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia absent. Lamellar edge fertile with pseudocystidia arising deep in the hymenophoral trama. Pseudocystidia 15–40 (– 50) × 4–6.5 μm, abundant, clavate to subcylindrical, usually sinuous, mostly septate, sometimes bifurcated, with rounded to acute apex, sometimes subcapitate, sometimes with crystalline deposits in the apical portion, thin-walled, hyaline, with smooth or minutely guttulous content. Hymenophoral trama regular to subregular, consisting of parallel hyphae usually&gt; 200 µm long and 5–20 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline; occasional thromboplerous hyphae with refractive greenish content are present. Pileipellis as an irregular ixotrichoderm, hyphae erect to semi-erect, parallel to intertwined, 2–5 μm wide, frequently exceeding 200 µm in length and multi-articulate (pluriseptate), hyaline, to pale yellowish, terminal elements sometimes enlarged at apex or clavate. Subcutis subregular, hyphae frequently exceeding 200 µm in length, 3–15 (– 30) μm wide, thin-walled, with a pale yellowish cytoplasmic pigment and crystalline deposits. Stipitipellis a mixed ixocutis-ixotrichodermium with abundant gelatinous matrix, consisting of parallel or slightly intertwined hyphae, some over 200 µm long, scarcely septate, 2–7 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 1.0 (– 1.5) μm thick), hyaline or with a pale yellowish cytoplasmic pigment; especially in the apical portion of the stipe, dense tufts of erect, semi-erect interwoven hyphae in gelled material, with a morphology similar to pileal elements. Stipititrama regular to subregular, gelatinized some over 200 µm long, 5–15 (– 20) μm wide, scarcely septate, thin-walled, showing a pale yellowish cytoplasmic pigment and crystalline deposits on the outside. Clamp-connections present throughout.</p><p>Habit, habitat, occurrence, and distribution.</p><p>Growing gregariously, in groups of a few to many specimens, on litter in broad-leaved forests, sometimes near burned ground (charcoal-pit residue), a few kilometers from the sea. Apparently uncommon and localized. Thus far known from the Dominican Republic, Belize, and French Guiana based on molecular data.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>BELIZE, Orange Walk District, La Milpa Field Station, Lagunita Trail, lat. 17.84, long. – 89.02, 26 October 2002, D. J. Lodge &amp; B. Ortiz-Santana, DJL -BZ-105, CFMR BZ-1903, GenBank U 435150; BRH; CFMR . DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.54037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.746151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.54037/lat 19.746151)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.746151, –70.540367, 25 December 2016, C. Angelini, JBSD 141874 (ANGE 823 duplicate) ibidem, 25 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 822); ibidem, 25 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 824); ibidem, 25 December 2016, C. Angelini (ANGE 825) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hygrocybe pseudohypohaemacta is characterized by its small-sized, entirely slimy basidiomata; a vivid scarlet-red or orange pileus with a yellow, striate margin; and a stipe covered with a thick, transparent, glutinous layer. Pseudocystidia 15–40 (– 50) × 4–6.5 μm, abundant, clavate to subcylindrical, usually sinuous, mostly septate, sometimes bifurcated, with a rounded to acute apex, sometimes subcapitate, sometimes with crystalline deposits in the apical portion, thin-walled, hyaline, with smooth or minutely guttulate contents. Six sequences of H. pseudohypohaemacta generated in this study, together with two sequences from Belize and French Guiana, formed a well-supported clade (SH-aLRT = 100, UFB = 100, BPP = 1) closely related to H. variecolor . Hygrocybe pseudohypohaemacta, H. variecolor, and other accessions identified as H. aff . / cf. hypohaemacta and Hygrocybe sp. clustered within a well-supported section Velosae clade (SH-aLRT = 100, UFB = 100, BPP = 1), together with H. hypohaemacta, H. snigdha K. P. D. Latha &amp; P. Haridev and H. pellucida K. P. D. Latha &amp; Haridev.</p><p>H. pseudohypohaemacta is morphologically close to H. hypohaemacta, but it is well separated in the phylogeny. The nrLSU sequence of H. hypohaemacta from Malaysia (KUM 61079, GenBank KF 381551) showed 93 % identity (492 / 529) with 8 gaps out of 529 (1 %) compared with H. pseudohypohaemacta (ANGE 819) and a patristic distance of 0.34 in the phylogenetic analysis. Based on the original description, the similar H. hypohaemacta differs in having smaller microspores [4–5 × 3–3.5 vs. mostly (4.8 –) 5.3–5.9 × 3.8–5.0 µm], differently shaped macrospores (ovoid to broadly ellipsoid vs. globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid), cheilocystidia and caulocystidia at the extreme apex of the stipe, a distribution in Malaysia (Singapore, Corner 1936), and a different nrLSU sequence. Hygrocybe hypohaemacta was also reported from Venezuela and Martinique (Pegler 1983), Puerto Rico (Lodge and Pegler 1990), and Panama (Lodge and Ovrebo 2008) based on morphological data.</p><p>The nrITS and nrLSU sequences from the Belize collection named H. hypohaemacta DJL - BZ-105 (Lodge and Ovrebo 2008) were excluded from the phylogenetic analysis. These sequences showed high BLAST similarity to Termitomyces species, indicating that they represent contaminants.</p><p>The nrITS sequence of Hygrocybe sp. (ANGE 436, Fig. 11 A) showed 94.41 % identity (474 / 501), with 19 gaps out of 501 (3.7 %), compared with H. pseudohypohaemacta (JBSD 141878, holotype, ANGE 819), and a patristic distance of 0.0093 in the phylogenetic analysis of nrITS and nrLSU. Although the two taxa are morphologically overlapping (data not included), the observed genetic distance and percentage of gaps warrant caution. Therefore, further collections and additional sequences are needed to clarify its taxonomic status and determine whether this taxon represents a distinct species or falls within the variability of H. pseudohypohaemacta .</p><p>Comparison of the sequences of H. variecolor (JBSD 141875) with those of H. pseudohypohaemacta (CFMR BZ-1903, GenBank EU 435150) revealed 91 % identity (117 / 129) for the nrITS 1 region, with 3 / 129 gaps (2 %); 84 % identity (132 / 157) for the ITS 2 region, with 15 / 157 gaps (9 %); and 96 % identity (804 / 840) for the nrLSU region, with 13 / 840 gaps (1 %). The data reveal a clear pattern of sequence divergence, with the highest identity in the more conserved nrLSU region (96 %), followed by nrITS 1 (91 %), and the lowest identity in the ITS 2 region (84 %). Conversely, the percentages of gaps show an inverse trend, with ITS 2 exhibiting the highest proportion of gaps (9 %), followed by nrITS 1 (2 %), and nrLSU exhibiting the lowest proportion (1 %). This pattern aligns with the generally accepted understanding of the evolutionary rates of these regions, in which the ITS region, particularly the ITS 2 subregion in this case, tends to evolve more rapidly than the nrLSU gene. Considering the typical thresholds used in fungal taxonomy, the ITS data, with 91 % identity in nrITS 1 and 84 % identity in ITS 2, strongly suggest that H. variecolor and H. pseudohypohaemacta should be considered distinct species. These identity values fall below the commonly cited 97 % threshold for the entire ITS region (Nilsson et al. 2008) and significantly below the higher thresholds suggested for certain genera. The substantial number of gaps, especially in ITS 2, further supports this conclusion. Although the nrLSU region shows a higher identity of 96 %, which is expected given its more conserved nature, it remains below the stringent 99.8 % threshold proposed for species delimitation in some studies of filamentous fungi (Vu et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/222FD2BE5AF1539EB010AEDACF013958	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
AF95F79A83BD5775B78DCEA5CACF94A4.text	AF95F79A83BD5775B78DCEA5CACF94A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe variecolor Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti & Vizzini 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe variecolor Angelini, Dovana, Lodge, M. Marchetti &amp; Vizzini sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet variecolor refers to the pronounced color variability observed both between different specimens and within the same basidioma.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from H. pseudohypohaemacta in habitat, larger macro- and microspores with different Q, the rare presence of pseudocystidia, and divergence in ribosomal sequences.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.53056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.752653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.53056/lat 19.752653)">Sosúa, loc. Puerto Chiquito</a> 19.752653, –70.530561, 23 November 2016, C. Angelini, JBSD 141875 Holotype (ANGE 741 Isotype). GenBank: ITS 1 = PZ 148612, ITS 2 = PZ 221056, LSU = PZ 145856 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 15–28 mm diam., at first and for a long time conical or hemispherical, later expanded to applanate, without umbo and the margin not or very slightly lobed; surface smooth, glutinous and shiny, with translucent-striate margin up to more than half the radius, uniformly colored bright scarlet red, orange or yellow-orange but always with a narrow yellow margin. Lamellae narrowly adnate, sometimes slightly emarginate, ventricose, up to 2 mm broad, intercalated with 1 length lamellulae, white, sometimes pale pink-orange-red, thick, and distant, with irregular and concolorous edge. Stipe 30–60 × 2–4 mm, cylindrical and curved, tapered towards the apex, usually golden-yellow, sometimes reddish-yellow, reddish orange; surface covered by a very thick transparent glutinous layer. Context very thin, reddish white in the pileus, yellowish white in the stipe. Odour and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores dimorphic; macrospores (9.0 –) 9.8– 10.7 – 11.5 (– 12.5) × (6.5 –) 7.5–8.2 – 8.9 (– 10.0) µm [70 / 2 / 1], Q = 1.20– 1.30 – 1.40, V = 298– 383 – 469 µm 3, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, with the adaxial side sometimes sub-flat, inamyloid, thin- to thick-walled (wall up to 1 µm thick), hyaline, mostly with guttulate content and with a large central guttula; microspores (5.0 –) 5.7– 6.2 – 6.6 (– 7.0) × (4.0 –) 4.3– 4.8 – 5.3 (– 6.0) µm [53 / 2 / 1], Q = 1.13– 1.25 – 1.36, V = 62– 81 – 100 µm 3, subglobose to ellipsoid, inamyloid, thin- to thick-walled [wall up to 0.5 (– 0.8) µm thick]; hyaline, usually with a large central guttula or with multiple guttulae. Basidia dimorphic; macrobasidia (27.0 –) 32.1– 37.2 – 42.3 (– 47.5) × (8.5 –) 9.9– 11.1 – 12.3 (– 13.5) µm [20 / 2 / 1], Q = 2.87– 3.38 – 3.89, V = 1724– 2447 – 3170 µm 3, clavate, cylindrical-clavate, often pedunculated, thin-walled or slightly thick-walled (up to 1.0 µm thick) towards the apex, hyaline, usually with guttulate content; tetrasporic and bisporic, sterigmata up to 8 μm long; microbasidia (16.0 –) 19.6– 23.2 – 26.7 (– 30.5) × (4.0 –) 5.0– 5.7 – 6.4 (– 7.0) μm, Q = 3.7– 4.1 – 4.4, V = 258– 410 – 562 µm 3, narrowly clavate to clavate, mostly with a more or less long (up to 5 (– 8) µm) peduncle, thin-walled, hyaline with smooth or guttulate content, tetrasporicc and bisporic, sterigmata up to 8 μm long. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia absent. Lamellar edge fertile, with rare pseudocystidia originate from the hymenophoral trama. Pseudocystidia 15–40 × 4–6.5 μm, rare, scattered, clavate, subcylindrical, ventricose, with rounded to acute apex, thin-walled, hyaline, with smooth or minutely guttulous content. Hymenophoral trama regular to subregular; some exceeding 200 µm in length, 5–20 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline; copious thromboplerous hyphae with greyish content, 4–8 µm wide, sometimes tortuous. Pileipellis as an irregular ixotrichoderm of erect and semi-erect hyphae, parallel to intertwined, 2–6 μm wide, exceeding 100 µm in length and multi-articulate (pluriseptate), thin-walled, hyaline or slightly yellowish, with sometimes enlarged or clavate apex. Subcutis subregular, hyphae longer than 80 µm, 3–10 (– 15) μm wide, scarcely septate, thin-walled, with a pale yellowish cytoplasmic pigment and small to large crystalline deposits. Stipitipellis as an ixocutis with abundant glutinous matrix, hyphae parallel to slightly intertwined, some are very long, exceeding 200 μm, and 3–7 (– 10) μm wide, scarcely septate, thin- to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 1.0 (1.5) μm thick), with a pale yellowish or slightly brownish cytoplasmic pigment; presence of dense tufts of erect, semi-erect, parallel or intertwined, 2–6 µm wide hyphae immersed in gelatinous material, with a morphology similar to that of the hyphae of the pileal ixotrichoderm. Stipititrama regular to subregular, hyphae very long up to 200 µm, 5–10 (– 15) μm wide, scarcely septate, thin-walled, with a pale yellowish cytoplasmic pigment and copious crystalline deposits. Clamp-connections observed in all structures especially at the base of the basidia.</p><p>Habit, habitat, occurrence, and distribution.</p><p>Growing gregariously, in groups of a few to many basidiomata, on litter in an anthropized serpentine forest of broad-leaved trees a few hundred meters from the sea. Uncommon and localized. Thus far known only from the Dominican Republic.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the present study, five taxa are recognized within H. subg. Hygrocybe section Velosae, three of which have been previously described from Asia ( H. hypohaemacta, H. pellucida, and H. snigdha), whereas two are formally described here. Hygrocybe pseudohypohaemacta is a species with numerous collections from the Caribbean Basin previously identified as Hygrocybe aff. hypohaemacta . In contrast, H. variecolor is represented by a single collection, suggesting that it is a rare species in the Dominican Republic, and the absence of corresponding sequences in GenBank supports the hypothesis that it is globally rare. Although only one ample collection comprising basidiomata at various stages of maturity is available, it is morphologically and molecularly distinctive; thus, this new species is described with the understanding that additional collections may reveal greater variation in this taxon. Hygrocybe variecolor is characterized by its small size, entirely slimy basidioma, striate margin, vivid scarlet-red, orange, or yellow-orange colors of the pileus, a very thick, transparent, glutinous layer on the stipe, the presence of dimorphic basidia and spores on the same basidioma, and rare pseudocystidia. The similar H. pseudohypohaemacta differs in habitat, smaller macro- and microbasidiospores with different Q values, the abundant presence of pseudocystidia, and different nrITS and nrLSU sequences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF95F79A83BD5775B78DCEA5CACF94A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
864F2CF21BAB5DCBBCD636BA407C26C2.text	864F2CF21BAB5DCBBCD636BA407C26C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe xerophila Angelini, Vizzini, Dovana, M. Marchetti & Lodge 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe xerophila Angelini, Vizzini, Dovana, M. Marchetti &amp; Lodge sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet xerophila is derived from the Greek xeros (dry) and phila (loving), referring to the xerophytic dry forest habitat where the species was discovered.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from H. conica in its consistently dimorphic basidia and basidiospores, the slow and faint blackening of the entire basidioma upon aging, which, on the stipe, is restricted solely to the base, and divergence in ribosomal sequences.</p><p>Types.</p><p>Dominican Republic, Puerto Plata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.54037&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.746151" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.54037/lat 19.746151)">Sosúa, loc. Cemetery</a> 19.746151, –70.540367, 23 December 2016, C. Angelini, JBSD 141876 Holotype (ANGE 820 Isotype). GenBank: ITS = PZ 148588 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 15 – 25 mm diam., conical, never fully expanded, with a rounded umbo and a distinctly lobed margin; surface smooth, viscid when fresh then moist-dry, orange-yellow, light pellucid yellow and slightly striate at margin, blackening slowly with age. Lamellae adnexed, sometimes slightly emarginate, ventricose, up to 3 mm broad, thick and distant, intercalated with lamellulae, pale yellow, with irregular and concolor edge. Stipe 25–35 × 3–4 mm, cylindrical and curved, solid, yellow; surface subviscid when fresh, distinctly fibrillose-ribbed and twisted, blackening when handled or with age mostly at the base. Context thin in the pileus. Odor and taste indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores dimorphic, mostly macrospores (8.2 –) 9.4– 9.8 – 10.3 (– 12.0) × (4.5 –) 4.9– 5.2 – 5.6 (– 5.9) µm [141 / 2 / 1], Q = 1.46– 2.0 – 2.28, V = 124– 149 – 173 µm 3, subcylindrical, oblong, rarely with slight median constriction, sometimes with a sub-flat adaxial side, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, with broad and obtuse hilar appendix, guttulate (guttules greenish in “ bright field ” vision); microspores rare, (6.0 –) 6.6– 7.3 – 7.9 (– 8.6) × (4.4 –) 4.7– 5.1 – 5.4 (– 5.8) µm [23 / 2 / 1], Q = 1.1– 1.4 – 1.81, V = 81.9– 98.9 – 115.5 µm 3, ellipsoid, with evident hilar appendix, with smooth or greenish guttulous contents under optical microscopy. Basidia dimorphic, mostly macrobasidia (27.3 –) 30.9– 34.6 – 38.2 (– 41.9) × (7.4 –) 7.9– 8.5 – 9.0 (– 9.6) µm [26 / 2 / 1], Q = 3.6– 4.1 – 4.6, V = 1070– 1308 – 1547 µm 3, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, usually with a long, tapering pedicel, tetrasporic to bisporic, rarely monosporic, often with blackish guttulous content, sterigmata up to 8 µm long; microbasidia occasional (very rare) (18.9 –) 21.6– 26.0 – 25.9 (– 27.0) × (4.6 –) 5.4– 6.1 – 6.9 (– 7.2) µm [28 / 2 / 1], Q = 3.4– 3.9 – 4.6, V = 359– 483 – 607 µm 3, cylindrical-clavate, often with blackish inner deposits, rarely with smooth, hyaline content. Basidiola subcylindrical to broadly clavate with blackish contents. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia absent. Lamellar edge fertile, basidia mixed with pseudocystidia. Pseudocystidia 20–40 × 4–8 µm, abundant, versiform, subcylindrical, clavate, sinuous, sublageniform, subcapitate, with median constrictions, often with appendages even 10 µm long or more, sometimes forked, with a rounded to subacute apex, often with blackish content. Hymenophoral trama regular, with more or less parallel hyphae, tubular to subfusiform, up to 100 µm long, 3–10 µm wide; rare thromboplerous hyphae with greyish contents. Pileipellis an ixocutis, hyphae mainly radial, recumbent (repent), cylindrical, generally up to 100 µm, 3–7 µm wide, containing a brownish, blackish-brown, solid to dissolved cytoplasmic pigment. Subcutis regular consisting of parallel subcylindrical hyphae, da corti a lunghi oltre 200 µm 5–15 µm wide, hyaline to pale brownish. Stipitipellis as a slightly gellified ixocutis made up of parallel subcylindrical hyphae, up to 80 µm long, 3–7 μm wide, with often enlarged or clavate terminal part, thin- to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 1 (1, 5) μm thick), containing a brownish, blackish brown, solid to dilute cytoplasmic pigment. Stipititrama regular, consisting of parallel, subcylindrical hyphae, often longer than 200 µm, 5–15 µm wide, hyaline to slightly brownish; thromboplerous hyphae common, with gray, gray-brownish content. Clamp-connections observed on all hyphae especially at the base of the basidia.</p><p>Habit, habitat, occurrence, and distribution.</p><p>Growing gregariously, in groups of a few to many specimens, near burned ground (charcoal-pit residue) or on litter in broad-leaved forests a few kilometers from the sea. Uncommon and localized.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/864F2CF21BAB5DCBBCD636BA407C26C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
FBEA284C12DC5C099363D43DC2DD8DE1.text	FBEA284C12DC5C099363D43DC2DD8DE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hygrocybe xerophila var. floridana M. E. Sm., B. Kaminsky, L. Kaminsky, Dovana, M. Marchetti, Vizzini & Lodge 2026	<div><p>Hygrocybe xerophila var. floridana M. E. Sm., B. Kaminsky, L. Kaminsky, Dovana, M. Marchetti, Vizzini &amp; Lodge var. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet floridana refers to the state of Florida (USA), where the type specimen was collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differing from the type variety in redder pileus, larger macrospores (Q&gt; 2), smaller microspores, geographic range and a SNP in the ITS region.</p><p>Types.</p><p>USA, Florida, Putnam County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.97006&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.720457" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.97006/lat 29.720457)">Ordway-Swisher Biological Station, by Timmon’s Creek Bridge</a>, 29.720457, –81.970066; mixed hardwood forest, Quercus, Pinus and Carya, 11 October 2017, B. Kaminsky, M. Caiafa, M. E. Smith, R. Stephens, A. Mujic; FLAS -F-61718 (FLAS) Holotype, (PUL) Isotype. GenBank: ITS = MH 212066 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 10–15 mm diam, broadly parabolic, not expanding, dusky orange, apparently viscid when fresh with adhering sand and debris, slight fuscous stain from handling. Lamellae adnexed, Buff Yellow, 3 mm broad, 1 mm apart, edge concolor, 1 length lamellulae inserted. Stipe 30–44 × 2.5–7 mm, flared at apex and base, yellow near base, redder in middle and apex, with dusky tints from age and handling, surface apparently viscid when fresh based on adhering sand, context solid except narrowly stuffed at apex.</p><p>Basidiospores dimorphic, macrospores oblong, subcylindrical, cylindrical (8.0 –) 10.0– 11.2 – 12.4 (– 14.5) × (3.0 –) 3.7– 4.1 – 4.5 (– 5.0) µm; Q = 2.40– 2.73 – 3.07; microspores ovoid, oblong or subcylindrical, (4.0 –) 4.5– 5.0 – 5.5 (– 5.6) × (2.5 –) 2.6– 3.0 – 3.4 (– 4.0) µm, Q = 1.44– 1.71 – 1.98. Basidia dimorphic, microbasidia maturing before macrobasidia; macrobasidia broadly clavate, (24.0 –) 27.4– 32.2 – 36.9 (– 40) × (6.5 –) 6.6– 7.7 – 8.7 (– 9.6) µm, with large basal medallion clamp connection, 4 - sterigmate; microbasidia (20.0 –) 22.3– 25.0 – 27.7 (– 28.0) × (3.5 –) 3.7– 4.8 – 5.9 (– 6.5) µm, 4 - sterigmate, with small basal clamp connection. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia absent. Lamellar edge fertile. Hymenophoral trama regular, comprised of short parallel hyphae 2–6.4 (– 20) µm wide × 8–25 (– 80) µm long. Pileipellis a thin ixocutis over radially arranged, repent hyphae 7–16 µm wide with tapered ends and pale reddish brown contents in KOH. Stipitipellis with a thin gelatinous coating with adhering to sand over parallel hyphae 2.0–6.4 µm wide, with large medallion clamp-connections.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>USA, Florida, Osceola County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.8803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.8803/lat 27.655)">DeLuca Preserve, southeast quadrat, east of US 441, near Tenant House</a>, 27.655, –80.8803; in sugar sand, Quercus nearby, Pine sparse, 04 / 11 / 2021, L. Kaminsky, M. E. Smith, FLAS -F-68949 (FLAS; PUL). GenBank: ITS = OP 163190 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The three collections of H. xerophila — the type collection from the Dominican Republic and two additional collections from white sand in southernmost Florida — cluster together with an environmental sequence from the northeastern USA (Minnesota, DQ 420708) and form a well-supported clade (SH-aLRT = 100, UFB = 100, BPP = 1) that is sister to H. conica (SH-aLRT = 96, UFB = 100, BPP = 1). The type collection of the species (JBSD 141876 from the Dominican Republic) exhibits macrospores with a mean Q value of 2.00, which is significantly lower than the mean Q values of 2.73 observed in the Florida collections (FLAS -F-61718 and FLAS -F-68949). The microspores also showed differences; in the sample from the Dominican Republic, the microspores were larger [(6.0 –) 6.6–7.3 – 7.9 (– 8.6) × (4.4 –) 4.7–5.1 – 5.4 (– 5.8) µm] than those from Florida [(4.0 –) 4.5–5.0 – 5.5 (– 5.6) × (2.5 –) 2.6–3.0 – 3.4 (– 4.0) µm]. Furthermore, the sample from the Dominican Republic contains pseudocystidia that were not observed in the Florida samples. Despite these micromorphological differences, the lack of clear separation in the Bayesian and ML analyses — the two morphotypes differ by only three nucleotides in the nrITS region — led to the treatment of these collections as phenotypic varieties of a single species. This species is characterized by its small size, basidiomata subviscid only when fresh, a lobed pileus margin, a fibrillose-ribbed and twisted stipe in the type collection, slow blackening, the presence of highly elongated dimorphic basidiospores and basidia in all collections, and growth in dry habitats. The very elongated spores, with mean Q values mostly ranging from 2 to 3, are notable. Halbwachs et al. (2017) observed that macrofungal spores are more elongated under depleted resources and that spores with Q values of 2–3 have increased dispersal fitness. A larger, caespitose Hygrocybe species growing in sand dunes along the coast of the southeastern USA, H. andersonii Cibula &amp; N. S. Weber, has comparatively larger and more elongated basidiospores [mostly 16–19 × 3.8–5 µm, Q ca. 3.8–4 (Cibula and Weber 1996)]. Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. s. l. differs from H. xerophila mainly in its consistently monomorphic basidia and basidiospores and the strong blackening of the entire basidioma (Kühner 1976; Kovalenko 1989; Bon 1990; Candusso 1997; Boertmann 2010, 2012; Galli 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FBEA284C12DC5C099363D43DC2DD8DE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dovana, Francesco;Angelini, Claudio;Lodge, D. Jean;Marchetti, Mauro;Vizzini, Alfredo	Dovana, Francesco, Angelini, Claudio, Lodge, D. Jean, Marchetti, Mauro, Vizzini, Alfredo (2026): The genus Hygrocybe subgenus Hygrocybe in the Dominican Republic: phylogeny, diversity, and description of seven novel species and one variety (Agaricomycetes, Hygrocybaceae). IMA Fungus 17: e 195850, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.195850
