identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DF4287E80C663828FF6FFBB4FA469A65.text	DF4287E80C663828FF6FFBB4FA469A65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cenophenginae Roza, Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero, Kundrata & Mermudes	<div><p>Subfamily Cenophenginae Roza, Vega-Badillo, Zaragoza-Caballero, Kundrata &amp; Mermudes subfam. nov.</p><p>Type genus: Cenophengus LeConte, 1881 .</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FA65EC81-6500-40A0-9B43- 15AC4DC9D2B0</p><p>Diagnosis and comparison: Cenophenginae can be recognized based on the following unique combination of characters: gular sutures sinuous and widely separated (Fig. 4C); tentorial pits widely separated (Fig. 4C); pronotum from as wide as long to longer than wide (Fig. 4A, B); prosternum moderately transverse, in front of procoxae usually longer than width of procoxal cavity (Fig. 4C); elytra with sides subparallel (Fig. 4A, B); aedeagus with median lobe not divided and with a distinct flagellum; and each paramere widened at mid-length in dorsal view, subparallel in lateral view (Fig. 4D, E).</p><p>Members of this subfamily can be distinguished easily from all other Phengodidae by the parameres, which are each subparallel over much of their length in lateral view (parameres tapered beyond mid-length or gradually narrowed in other subfamilies). Cenophenginae are similar to the Asian Cydistinae in having a relatively longer prosternum than all remaining New World phengodids; however, they differ from Cydistinae in having the median lobe of the aedeagus extremely bent at base, undivided, and with a distinct flagellum (straight at base, divided into a dorsal and a ventral lobe, and without any visible flagellum in Cydistinae). Additionally, Cenophenginae differ from all remaining New World phengodids (i.e. Mastinocerinae, Pencillophorinae, and Phengodinae) by having the gular sutures sinuous and widely separated, the posterior tentorial pits widely separated (differently shaped in these subfamilies), and by the prosternum moderately transverse, ~1.3–1.5 times wider than medial length, and in front of coxae ~0.5 times width of procoxal cavity (Fig. 4; extremely transverse, ~2.5–3.0 times wider than long medially, and in front of coxae ~0.3 or less times width of procoxal cavity in other New World subfamilies).</p><p>Composition and distribution: One genus, Cenophengus, with 30 described species from the Nearctic and Neotropical realms. Species are distributed from the south of the USA to Costa Rica, with the highest diversity in Mexico (Vega-Badillo et al. 2021a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF4287E80C663828FF6FFBB4FA469A65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferreira, Vinicius S.;Roza, André S.;Barbosa, Felipe F.;Vega-Badillo, Viridiana;Zaragoza-Caballero, Santiago;Mermudes, José Ricardo M.;Ivie, Michael A.;Hansen, Aslak K.;Brunke, Adam J.;Douglas, Hume B.;Solodovnikov, Alexey;Kundrata, Robin	Ferreira, Vinicius S., Roza, André S., Barbosa, Felipe F., Vega-Badillo, Viridiana, Zaragoza-Caballero, Santiago, Mermudes, José Ricardo M., Ivie, Michael A., Hansen, Aslak K., Brunke, Adam J., Douglas, Hume B., Solodovnikov, Alexey, Kundrata, Robin (2024): Phylogenomics of Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea): towards a natural classification of a bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage, with recognition of a new subfamily. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-17, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae093, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae093
DF4287E80C663829FE64F979FA609E00.text	DF4287E80C663829FE64F979FA609E00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phengodidae LeConte 1861	<div><p>Identification key to the subfamilies of Phengodidae based on adult males</p><p>1. Antennae without rami.................................................................................................................................................... Penicillophorinae</p><p>1 ʹ. Antennae with rami present on at least antennomeres IV–IX...............................................................................................................2</p><p>2. Gular sutures sinuous and widely separated (by about the mentum width); posterior tentorial pits widely separated (by distance greater than the pit diameter); prosternum moderately transverse, 1.3–1.5 times wider than long medially, in front of coxae ≥0.5 times width of procoxal cavity ............................................................................................................................................3</p><p>2 ʹ. Gular sutures fused or subparallel and closely approximate (separated by less than half of the mentum width); posterior tentorial pits fused or closely approximate (separated by distance close to or shorter than the pit diameter); prosternum extremely transverse, 2.5–3.0 times wider than long medially, in front of coxae ≤0.3 times width of procoxal cavity.................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................4</p><p>3. Aedeagal median lobe straight, divided into dorsal and ventral lobes, flagellum absent; paramere gradually narrowed towards apex in lateral view, curved and subparallel-sided in dorsal view; western Asia .............................................................. Cydistinae</p><p>3 ʹ. Aedeagal median lobe extremely bent, flagellum present; paramere subparallel-sided in lateral view, straight and widest at mid-length in dorsal view; southern USA to Costa Rica. Cenophenginae subfam. nov.</p><p>4. Tubercles surrounding antennal sockets present; apical maxillary palpomere acuminate or subcylindrical; elytra slightly to strongly dehiscent..................................................................................................................................................................... Phengodinae</p><p>4 ʹ. Tubercles surrounding antennal sockets absent (except for Paraphrixothrix Zaragoza-Caballero, 2010); apical maxillary palpomere elongate-securiform to securiform (widest apically); elytra subparallel, not dehiscent ................... Mastinocerinae</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF4287E80C663829FE64F979FA609E00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferreira, Vinicius S.;Roza, André S.;Barbosa, Felipe F.;Vega-Badillo, Viridiana;Zaragoza-Caballero, Santiago;Mermudes, José Ricardo M.;Ivie, Michael A.;Hansen, Aslak K.;Brunke, Adam J.;Douglas, Hume B.;Solodovnikov, Alexey;Kundrata, Robin	Ferreira, Vinicius S., Roza, André S., Barbosa, Felipe F., Vega-Badillo, Viridiana, Zaragoza-Caballero, Santiago, Mermudes, José Ricardo M., Ivie, Michael A., Hansen, Aslak K., Brunke, Adam J., Douglas, Hume B., Solodovnikov, Alexey, Kundrata, Robin (2024): Phylogenomics of Phengodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea): towards a natural classification of a bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage, with recognition of a new subfamily. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-17, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae093, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae093
