identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7EEDC1361EAD5643A30848B0308BFB11.text	7EEDC1361EAD5643A30848B0308BFB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus abbreviatus D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Arcopilus abbreviatus D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet refers to the small size of the ascomata produced by this species.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Zona Rural, from roots of Habenaria petalodes, April 2023, O. L. Pereira, D. O. Ramos, and P. T. S. Nogueira (holotype VIC 49498 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3727) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, primrose in reflected light owing to ascomatal hairs, globose or subglobose, 108.5–140.5 μm high, 88.5–123 μm diam. Ascomatal wall brown with textura angularis. Terminal hairs slightly arcuate sometimes straight, brown, septate. Lateral hairs recurved, sometimes straight, brown. Asci fasciculate, clavate, spore-bearing portion 22.5–30 × 10–15.5 μm, stalks 9–14.5 μm long, with 8 biseriate ascospores, evanescent. Ascospores dark brown, navicular in side view and fusiform in top view, smooth, bilaterally flattened, (12.5 –) 13.5–14.5 (– 15.5) × (6 –) 6.5–7.5 (– 8) μm in face view, with one apical germ pore. Asexual morph not observed.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 40–43 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate, flat, circular shape; reverse gray olivaceous at the center, pale luteous at the margins of the colony and with vinaceous soluble pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 38–40 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium moderate, raised, circular, reverse olivaceous gray at the center of colonies and vinaceous at the edges owing to the presence of soluble pigment. Colonies on MEA attaining 40–42 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate to profuse, flat, circular; reverse dark brick at the center and rosy buff at the margins of colonies. Colonies on PCA attaining 43–46 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate, raised, circular; reverse greenish olivaceous, pale luteous at the margins of the colony and with little production of rosy vinaceous soluble pigment.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS - LSU - tub 2 - rpb 2 alignment, Arcopilus abbreviatus clustered in a unique lineage in a clade containing A. cupreus . Morphologically, compared to the description of A. cupreus by Ames (1949), A. abbreviatus has primrose ascomatal hairs and less arcuate terminal ascomatal hairs, which differ from the bright copper-colored ascomata produced by A. cupreus . Furthermore, A. abbreviatus has larger, navicular to fusiform ascospores, while A. cupreus produces smaller, globose to ovoid ascospores ((12.5 –) 13.5–14.5 (– 15.5) × (6 –) 6.5–7.5 (– 8) μm vs. 8.5–11.5 × 5–5.5 μm). Compared to other species in the genus, A. abbreviatus produces slightly smaller ascomata and terminal ascomatal hairs less arcuate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EEDC1361EAD5643A30848B0308BFB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
BC2368AD8B965BD29F12CE4E8D6DA0CF.text	BC2368AD8B965BD29F12CE4E8D6DA0CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus amazonicus T. F. Sousa & G. F. Silva 2020	<div><p>Arcopilus amazonicus T. F. Sousa &amp; G. F. Silva, 2020</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Amazonas, in the leaves of Paullinia cupana, 24 December 2017, T. F. Sousa (holotype INPA 2410) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Sousa et al. (2020).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Araponga, from roots of Cattleya jongheana, Febuary 2018, collected and isolated by E. F. S. Freitas (living culture COAD 3717) ; Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Serra da Ferrugem, isolated from roots of Cattleya sp. ( Parviflorae), 10 April 2022, T. O. Condé and D. O. Ramos (living cultures COAD 3710, COAD 3711, COAD 3712, COAD 3713, COAD 3714, COAD 3715, and COAD 3716) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Amazon rainforest, Rupestrian Grasslands within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Arcopilus amazonicus was described as an endophyte on the leaves of guarana ( Paullinia cupana) plants in the Brazilian Amazon region (Sousa et al. 2020). This species is phylogenetically close to A. aureus and is distinct only by rpb 2 sequences. The isolate COAD 3717 differs from the ex-type of A. amazonicus INPA 2410 by colonies on OA, exhibiting an olivaceous black color at the center of colonies and absence of purple exudate diffused in the medium, ascomata subglobose, undulate lateral hairs, and undulate and apically coiled terminal hairs. In this study, A. amazonicus was identified in the roots of two orchids from the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado: Cattleya jongheana and Cattleya sp. ( Parviflorae). We expanded the known distribution of this species in Brazil, which indicates that A. amazonicus may be widely distributed throughout the country. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this species as a root endophyte in plants of the Orchidaceae family.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC2368AD8B965BD29F12CE4E8D6DA0CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
DEBB1D6A87DC510EBD335FBA965230D1.text	DEBB1D6A87DC510EBD335FBA965230D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus aureus (Chivers) X. Wei Wang & Samson 2016	<div><p>Arcopilus aureus (Chivers) X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Chaetomium aureum Chivers, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 48 (4): 86 (1912).</p><p>Chaetomium confusum Van Warmelo, Mycologia 58 (6): 846 (1966).</p><p>Chaetomium humicola Van Warmelo, Mycologia 58 (6): 849 (1966).</p><p>Chaetomium rubrogenum Van Warmelo, Mycologia 58 (6): 852 (1966).</p><p>Arcopilus globulus Raza &amp; L. Cai, Fungal Diversity 99: 75 (2019).</p><p>Typification.</p><p>USA • New England, from paper, 1912, Thaxter (holotype BPI 1100494). Representative strain (CBS 153.52) designated by Wang et al. (2016 a) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Wang et al. (2016 a).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Zona Rural, from roots of Habenaria petalodes, April 2023, O. L. Pereira, D. O. Ramos, and P. T. S. Nogueira (living cultures COAD 3720 and COAD 3721) ; Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra da Ferrugem, from roots of Cattleya sp., 10 April 2022, F. A. Custódio and D. O. Ramos (living cultures COAD 3718 and COAD 3719) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil, Canada, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Europe, East Africa, India, Japan, Korea, USA.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Arcopilus aureus is the type species of the genus and was originally described as Chaetomium aureum until Wang et al. (2016 a) established the genus Arcopilus . This species presents superficial, ostiolate, and subglobose ascomata with arcuate terminal hairs and brown ascospores. Isolate COAD 3721 presented morphological characters similar to those of the type species. Arcopilus aureus has been reported as an endophyte in various plants, including Ardisia mamillata (Liang et al. 2024) and Vitis vinifera (Dwibedi and Saxena 2018), but it has never been isolated from orchids. Therefore, this is the first report of A. aureus as an endophyte of Orchidaceae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DEBB1D6A87DC510EBD335FBA965230D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
8D781ABDE2395EB5A35704A4F1BDAE71.text	8D781ABDE2395EB5A35704A4F1BDAE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus cupreus (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson 2016	<div><p>Arcopilus cupreus (Ames) X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Chaetomium cupreum L. M. Ames, Mycologia 41 (6): 642 (1949).</p><p>Arcopilus tangerinicapillus Raza &amp; L. Cai, Fungal Diversity 99: 78 (2019).</p><p>Arcopilus albae Boonmee, Mapook &amp; Phukhams, Phytotaxa 653 (2): 141 (2024), syn. nov.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>PANAMA • Canal Zone, from vegetable detritus, unknown date, Paul Marsh (holotype BPI 580275). Representative strain (CBS 560.80) designated by Wang et al. (2016 a) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Ames (1949).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, from roots of Cattleya sp., 26 September 2012, O. L. Pereira (living culture COAD 3722) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil, Canada, China, Panama, USA, Thailand.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Arcopilus cupreus was first described as Chaetomium cupreum but was later transferred to Arcopilus by Wang et al. (2016 a). This species is characterized by superficial, globose to ovoid ascomata, covered with bright, red-colored hairs, asci clavate, and olive-brown ascospores. These morphological characters could be observed in the isolate COAD 3722. In Brazil, A. cupreus was reported associated with the plant tissue of Syagrus coronata, a palm native to the Brazilian biome Caatinga (Fortes and Vitória 2022). This is the first report of A. cupreus as a root endophyte in Orchidaceae worldwide.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D781ABDE2395EB5A35704A4F1BDAE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
1518CD4F85EC553C961B69184249E1A3.text	1518CD4F85EC553C961B69184249E1A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus endophyticus D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Arcopilus endophyticus D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Name refers to the endophytic lifestyle of the fungus.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Zona Rural, from roots of Habenaria petalodes, April 2023, O. L. Pereira and D. O. Ramos (holotype VIC 49499 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3728) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium sterile. Somatic hyphae hyaline, with melanized hyphae forming coiled structures. Structures of tangled, melanized and compact mycelium similar to ascomata initials were observed.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 45–50 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse brick to cinnamon due to the production of soluble pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 38–44 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse rosy buff; soluble pigments absent. Colonies on MEA attaining 40–47 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate with exudates above, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse scarlet to rust due to the production of soluble pigments. Colonies on PCA attaining 34–42 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire or slightly undulate, white aerial mycelium moderate at the center of colonies and sparse at the edges, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse buff; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the concatenated phylogeny, Arcopilus endophyticus clustered as a basal lineage within a clade containing A. singularis, A. eremanthi, A. flavigenus, and A. fusiformis (Fig. 2). Morphologically, this species is distinguished from all other members of the genus by the lack of both asexual and sexual morphs under the tested conditions. Compared to A. eremanthi, A. endophyticus exhibited significantly higher radial growth on OA (45–50 mm vs 30–31 mm), MEA (40–47 mm vs 41 mm), and PCA (34–42 mm vs 35 mm) (Tavares et al. 2022). Regarding individual gene genealogies, A. endophyticus clustered as a sister species to A. singularis in the LSU phylogeny (Suppl. material 2: fig. S 2). However, in the tub 2 tree, it formed a clade external to A. macrostiolatus, A. megasporus, and A. purpurascens (Suppl. material 2: fig. S 4), whereas the rpb 2 phylogeny recovered the same topology observed in the concatenated analysis (Suppl. material 2: fig. S 3). Further comparative details are provided in the taxonomic notes for A. singularis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1518CD4F85EC553C961B69184249E1A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
B3F21DB208115DA3A41CC0B238C9CB64.text	B3F21DB208115DA3A41CC0B238C9CB64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus kasuyae D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Arcopilus kasuyae D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya, a Brazilian microbiologist who pioneered studies on the interaction between orchids and fungi in Brazil.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Conceição do Mato Dentro, Curral de Pedras, from roots of Acianthera teres, 10 April 2022, F. A. Custódio (holotype VIC 49506 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3724) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, saffron in reflected light owing to ascomatal hairs, globose to subglobose, 164–251.5 μm high, 128–214 μm diam., homothallic. Ascomatal wall surface brown with textura angularis. Terminal hairs arcuate, apically coiled, brown, septate, verrucose, 3–5.5 μm wide near the base. Lateral hairs arcuate or inequilaterally undulated. Asci clavate, spore-bearing portion 26.5–40 × 10.5–14.5 (– 17.5) μm, stalks 13.5–23.5 μm long, with eight biseriate ascospores, evanescent. Ascospores dark brown, navicular in side view and fusiform in top view, smooth, 11–12 (– 13.5) × (7.5 –) 7–8 (– 9) μm in face view, with two germ pores. Asexual morph unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 33–39 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge lobate, white aerial mycelium sparse to absent, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse honey to hazel due to the production soluble pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 33–36 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium moderate, flat, circular; reverse vinaceous to rust due to the production of soluble pigments. Colonies on MEA attaining 33–35 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate, with rosy vinaceous exudates above, flat, circular; reverse rosy buff to rosy vinaceous due to production of soluble pigments. Colonies on PCA attaining 38–40 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate at the center of colonies and sparse at the margins, raised, circular; reverse buff; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Additional materials examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Curral de Pedras, from roots of Acianthera teres, 10 April 2022, F. A. Custódio (living cultures COAD 3725 and COAD 3726) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Rupestrian Grasslands within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically, Arcopilus kasuyae is clustered in a unique lineage in a clade related to the species A. hongheensis and A. navicularis (Fig. 2). A distinctive feature of A. kasuyae is the absence of pigmented exudate production in almost all the tested culture media and conditions. Vinaceous soluble pigments were only observed on CMA after 3–4 weeks. The production of exudates, typically yellow, orange, or red, is a cultural characteristic commonly observed in Arcopilus species and is present in all related species. Furthermore, compared to the descriptions of A. hongheensis by Yang et al. (2023), A. kasuyae exhibits larger ascomata (118.5–209.5 × 103–191.5 μm vs. 100–140 × 80–95 μm), and two apical germ pores compared with one of A. hongheensis . The ascomata of A. kasuyae are globose or subglobose, whereas A. hongheensis produces ellipsoid or subglobose ascomata. Moreover, A. kasuyae also possesses larger ascospores when compared to A. navicularis (11–12 (– 13.5) × 7–8 (– 9) μm vs. 7.2–8.8 × 4.5–5.5 μm), and saffron ascomatal hairs compared to pale green or greenish olivaceous of A. navicularis (Crous et al. 2021) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3F21DB208115DA3A41CC0B238C9CB64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
463F403478BA5623B999C130CBBCAFE6.text	463F403478BA5623B999C130CBBCAFE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus macrostiolatus (Stchigel, K. Rodr. & Guarro) X. Wei Wang & Houbraken 2022	<div><p>Arcopilus macrostiolatus (Stchigel, K. Rodr. &amp; Guarro) X. Wei Wang &amp; Houbraken, 2022</p><p>Typification.</p><p>NIGERIA • Ihenyi Eha-Amufu: Isi-uzo, Enugu state, from forest soil, 12 July 1997, A. M. Stchigel (holotype IMI 382896, isotype FMR 6780, culture ex type CBS 102435) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Rodríguez et al. (2002).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Santana do Riacho municipality, from roots of Eulophia maculata, 11 March 2024, D. O. Ramos (living cultures COAD 4168 and COAD 4169) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil and Nigeria.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was originally described as Chaetomium macrostiolatum by Rodríguez et al. (2002) based on a strain isolated from forest soil in Nigeria and reclassified to the genus Arcopilus by Wang et al. (2022 b). Our isolate was identified through morphological analysis, exhibiting the diagnostic characteristics of the species: subglobose to ovoid ascomata with a remarkably broad ostiole and pale to mid-brown, limoniform, asymmetrical ascospores. This study represents the first global record of the species as a root endophyte in the Orchidaceae family, specifically in E. maculata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/463F403478BA5623B999C130CBBCAFE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
B5E36B92BDA05EA295ABC591965DFB17.text	B5E36B92BDA05EA295ABC591965DFB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus singularis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Arcopilus singularis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Name refers to the unique and characteristic morphology of this species, due to the production of the asexual morph, which is being described for the first time for the genus Arcopilus .</p><p>Tyification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Araponga municipality, Pedra Redonda, from roots of Cattleya locatellii, 21 November 2021, O. L. Pereira, D. O. Ramos and P. T. S. Nogueira (holotype VIC 49497 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3723) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Somatic hyphae hyaline, 1–5 μm wide. Chlamydospores produced intercalary or terminal on hyphae, occasionally solitary or most common moniliform shape or in clustering to form a microsclerotia, globose, subglobose, obovoid, pyriform, occasionally cylindrical or reniform, hyaline to dark brown when mature, smooth, thick-walled when mature, 5.5–15 × 3.5–8.5 μm. Acremonium-like conidiophores arising laterally from hyphae, reduced a phialidic conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth, (4 –) 7–20.5 × 2–2.5 (– 3.5) μm. Conidia borne in basipetal chains or held in false heads, aseptate, clavate, sometimes cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 2.5–4 × 1.5–2 μm. Sexual morph unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 34–37 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse orange to apricot due to the intense production of soluble pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 48–50 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse scarlet due to the production of soluble pigment. Colonies on MEA attaining 46–48 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate at the center of colonies and sparse at the margins, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse red to scarlet due to the production of soluble pigments. Colonies on PCA attaining 36–39 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate at the center of colonies and sparse at the margins, flat, circular, no ascomata production; reverse rosy buff at the center of the colonies and buff at the margins; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Rupestrian Grasslands within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Arcopilus singularis clustered in a well-supported lineage related to A. endophyticus, A. eremanthi, A. fusiformis, and A. flavigenus . However, A. singularis and A. endophyticus are morphologically aberrant compared to the other species, as they are the first in the genus in which the sexual morph has not been observed. Notably, A. singularis is, as far as it is known, the first species in the genus to produce an acremonium-like anamorph. The original descriptions of A. fusiformis (≡ Chaetomium fusiforme) by Chivers (1912) and A. flavigenus (≡ Chaetomium flavigenum) by van Warmelo (1966) included only the sexual morph and lacked cultural descriptions, which prevents a thorough comparison with A. singularis and A. endophyticus . Additionaly, A. singularis differs from A. eremanthi by exhibiting greater growth on culture media, including OA (34–37 vs. 30–31 mm), MEA (46–48 vs. 41 mm), and PCA (36–39 vs. 35 mm) (Tavares et al. 2022). Arcopilus singularis differs from A. endophyticus by the production of an acremonium-like anamorph, chlamydospores, reduced growth on OA (34–37 vs. 45–50 mm) and PCA (36–39 vs. 34–42 mm), and greater growth on CMA (48–50 vs. 38–44 mm) and MEA (46–48 vs. 40–47 mm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5E36B92BDA05EA295ABC591965DFB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
010E4A015A5153F3B96D8672A7386990.text	010E4A015A5153F3B96D8672A7386990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arcopilus X. Wei Wang & Samson 2016	<div><p>Arcopilus X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Arcopilus aureus (Chivers) X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/010E4A015A5153F3B96D8672A7386990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
68E657FE31A65C8C84DE9E70B1FD9BB5.text	68E657FE31A65C8C84DE9E70B1FD9BB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetomium coarctatum Sergeeva 1961	<div><p>Chaetomium coarctatum Sergeeva, 1961</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Typification.</p><p>RUSSIA • St. Petersburg, from seed of Campanula medium, collector and collection date unknown, isolated by K. S. Sergejeva (culture ex-type CBS 162.62) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Wang et al. (2016 b).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Córrego D’Antas, from roots of Cyclopogon congestus, 20 July 2023, D. O. Ramos (living culture COAD 3729) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil, China, and Russia.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Chaetomium coarctatum was first described on Campanula medium seeds. Subsequently, it was considered a synonym of Chaetomium globosum, but phylogenetic analyses confirmed it as a legitimate species (Wang et al. 2016 b). Chaetomium coarctatum was reported as root endophyte in Avena fatua (Bouzouina et al. 2021) . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an endophytic association between C. coarctatum and an Orchidaceae plant and the first report of this species in Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/68E657FE31A65C8C84DE9E70B1FD9BB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
506E0AEFA35A5626B8CB48D1099B7048.text	506E0AEFA35A5626B8CB48D1099B7048.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser 1910	<div><p>Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser, 1910</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Chaetomium concavisporum Raza &amp; L. Cai, Fungal Diversity 99: 80 (2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/506E0AEFA35A5626B8CB48D1099B7048	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
6059BFA260575EC79D626C5A2EB252F0.text	6059BFA260575EC79D626C5A2EB252F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetomium globosum Kunze 1817	<div><p>Chaetomium globosum Kunze, 1817</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Chaetomium affine Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 4: 37, table 8, fig. 101 (1840).</p><p>Chaetomium anastomosans Raza &amp; L. Cai, Fungal Diversity 99: 78 (2019).</p><p>Chaetomidium barbatum Traaen, Nytt Mag. Naturvidensk. 52: 19 (1914).</p><p>Chaetomium fibripilium L. M. Ames, Mycologia 42 (5): 642 (1950).</p><p>Chaetomium kunzeanum Zopf (1881) .</p><p>Chaetomium lusitanicum M. R. M. Gomes, Estudos e Informação: 3 (1953).</p><p>Chaetomium mollipilium L. M. Ames, Mycologia 42 (5): 644 (1950).</p><p>Chaetomium ochraceum Tschudy, Amer. J. Bot. 24: 472 (1937).</p><p>Chaetomium olivaceum Cooke &amp; Ellis, Grevillea 6 (39): 96, Pl. 100, fig. 38 (1878).</p><p>Chaetomium rectum Sergeeva, Not. syst. Pl. non-vasc.: 143 (1961).</p><p>Chaetomium spirale Zopf, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. - Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 42 (5): 275 (1881).</p><p>Chaetomium subglobosum Sergeeva, Bot. Mater. Otd. Sporov. Rast. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S. S. S. R. 13: 172 (1960).</p><p>Chaetomium subterraneum Swift &amp; Povah, 1929 .</p><p>Typification.</p><p>GERMANY • Leipzig, from a dry culture that was collected in the same locality as the holotype (neotype CBS H-22185, ex-neotype CBS 160.62, designated by Wang et al. (2016 b)) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Wang et al. (2016 b).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Recanto das Cigarras- UFV, from roots of Eulophia maculata, 29 September 2019, D. O. Ramos (living culture COAD 3732) ; Araponga, from roots of Zygopetalum mackayi, 21 November 2021, O. L. Pereira (living culture COAD 3762) ; Viçosa, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, from roots of Polystachya concreta, 13 May 2022, D. O. Ramos and P. T. S. Nogueira (living culture COAD 3759) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Chaetomium globosum is the type species of the genus and presents diverse morphological variations in exudate colors and ascomatal hairs among strains isolated from different substrates (Wang et al. 2016 b). Isolates COAD 3732 and COAD 3762 were grouped next to the type of C. globosum, whereas COAD 3759 was grouped near to the isolates described as C. anastomosans but that were synonymized into C. globosum by Wang et al. (2022 b).</p><p>The isolate COAD 3732 produced intense sporulation with salmon to apricot soluble pigment on OA and pale luteous to brick soluble pigment on CMA. In Brazil, C. globosum has been isolated from the leaf litter of Syagrus coronata and as a root endophyte of Musa acuminata (Fortes and Vitória 2022; dos Santos Santana et al. 2026). In addition, this species has already been reported as an endophyte of Orchidaceae (Adit et al. 2022) . Nonetheless, this is the first report of C. globosum as an endophyte of E. maculata, Pol. concreta and Zygopetalum mackayi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6059BFA260575EC79D626C5A2EB252F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
203F3F3C4F0E573AA6C125DAACCBCDC0.text	203F3F3C4F0E573AA6C125DAACCBCDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetomium Kunze 1817	<div><p>Chaetomium Kunze, 1817</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Chaetomium globosum Kunze, 1817 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/203F3F3C4F0E573AA6C125DAACCBCDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
568D015B25AD5678B9A55FD6FD2C26AE.text	568D015B25AD5678B9A55FD6FD2C26AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetomium ovatoascomatis Raza & L. Cai	<div><p>Chaetomium ovatoascomatis Raza &amp; L. Cai, Fungal Diversity 99: 82 (2019)</p><p>Typification.</p><p>USA • Newfield: New Jersey, on old paper exposed to the weather, October 1880 (holotype New York Botanical Garden Specimen ID 01050405) . Epitype HMAS 244354 and culture ex-epitype CBS 155.52 designated by Wang et al. (2016 b) from the same country and locality as the holotype .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Wang et al. (2016 b).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Córrego D’Antas, from roots of Eulophia maculata, 01 October 2022, D. O. Ramos (living cultures COAD 3730 and COAD 3731) ; Minas Gerais: Araponga, from roots of Zygopetalum mackayi, 21 November 2021, O. L. Pereira (living cultures COAD 3760 and COAD 3761) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil, China, and USA.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Chaetomium cochliodes was introduced by Palliser (1910) but was later treated as a synonym of C. globosum by von Arx et al. (1986). Chaetomium cochliodes differs from other Chaetomium species by its distinctive coiled ascomatal hairs. This species was reintroduced by Wang et al. (2016 b) based on phylogenetic analyses. The isolate COAD 3731 produced pure yellow lateral hairs, in contrast to the greenish olivaceous terminal hairs and rosy vinaceous soluble pigment on OA produced by the ex-epitype CBS 155.52 (Wang et al. 2016 b). This species can endophytically colonize the root tissues of barley, soybean, wheat, and other plants used in agriculture (Kopylov et al. 2021). Nonetheless, C. cochliodes has also been reported in goat dung in Brazil (Melo et al. 2019). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. cochliodes as an endophyte in Orchidaceae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/568D015B25AD5678B9A55FD6FD2C26AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
E90C069EDA6B59E88633C49B46AB2203.text	E90C069EDA6B59E88633C49B46AB2203.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetomium pseudocochliodes X. Wei Wang, X. Z. Liu & Crous 2016	<div><p>Chaetomium pseudocochliodes X. Wei Wang, X. Z. Liu &amp; Crous, 2016</p><p>Fig. 16</p><p>Typification.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province: Wenshan County, from fibrous root of Panax notoginseng, 10 April 2003, X. - Z Liu (holotype HMAS 244435, isotype CBS H-22197, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.9441) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Wang et al. (2016 b).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Recanto das Cigarras- UFV, from roots of Polystachya concreta, 13 May 2022, D. O. Ramos and P. T. S. Nogueira (living culture COAD 3733) ; Araponga, isolated from roots of Gomesa recurva, 10 August 2022, D. O. Ramos (living cultures COAD 3734 and COAD 3735) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil and China.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Chaetomium pseudocochliodes is phylogenetically related to C. cochliodes but differs from this species by the irregular ascomatal hairs and shape of ascospores with more protruding ends (Wang et al. 2016 b). The isolate COAD 3733 differs from the ex-type culture C. cochliodes CGMCC 3.9441 in the absence of exudates, and terminal ascomatal hairs of type I were more abundant than type II. This is the first report of C. pseudocochliodes in Brazil and as an endophyte of Orchidaceae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E90C069EDA6B59E88633C49B46AB2203	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
176AC3349EC15D8DA29D22B313A4F1A0.text	176AC3349EC15D8DA29D22B313A4F1A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetomium tenue X. Wei Wang, Crous & L. Lombard 2016	<div><p>Chaetomium tenue X. Wei Wang, Crous &amp; L. Lombard, 2016</p><p>Fig. 17</p><p>Typification.</p><p>Unknown, no collection information, deposited in CBS by A. L. McAulay, August 1938 (holotype CBS H-22195, culture ex-type CBS 139.38).</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Wang et al. (2016 b).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Recanto das Cigarras- UFV, from roots of Eulophia maculata, 29 September 2019, D. O. Ramos (living culture COAD 3736) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>As the location of the type specimen is unknown, the only exact location so far is in Brazil.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolate COAD 3736 with the ex-type (CBS 139.38) of the species. Chaetomium tenue is phylogenetically related to C. camelliae and C. pseudoglobosum . The isolate obtained in this study differs from the ex-type culture by abundant production of an orange soluble pigment on OA. Other morphological characters, such as ascomata, terminal hairs, asci, and ascospores are similar to those described by Wang et al. (2016 b). This the first report of C. tenue in Brazil and as an endophyte in Orchidaceae worldwide.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/176AC3349EC15D8DA29D22B313A4F1A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
989C2ED1F0875B71A2A74D36E393C4DC.text	989C2ED1F0875B71A2A74D36E393C4DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Collariella fluminensis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Collariella fluminensis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 18</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name Fluminense refers to people born in the state of Rio de Janeiro, where the fungus was collected.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Corrego D’antas, from roots of Cyclopogon congestus, 17 July 2023, D. O. Ramos (holotype VIC 49500 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3737) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, pale olivaceous gray in reflected light owing to the ascomatal hairs, ostiolate, ovoid to ellipsoid, 393–552 μm high, 205–252 μm diam. Ascomatal wall brown, textura angularis in surface view. Terminal hairs arising from the apical collar, conspicuously rough, dark brown, septate, erect in the lower part, spirally coiled in the upper part. Lateral hairs seta-like, tapering and fading towards the tips. Asci fasciculate, fusiform or clavate, spore-bearing portion 16.5–26 × 8–11 μm, stalks 8.5–18 μm long, with 8 irregularly-arranged ascospores, evanescent. Ascospores pale brown when mature, limoniform, bilaterally flattened, (5.5 –) 6–6.5 × (4.5 –) 5–5.5 (– 6) μm in face view, with one apical germ pore. Asexual morph unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 32–36 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular shape; reverse luteous due to the intense production of soluble pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 23–27 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular to irregular shape; reverse pale luteous. Colonies on MEA attaining 26–30 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, irregular shape; reverse pale luteous; soluble pigments absent. Colonies on PCA attaining 30–32 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular; reverse buff; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso, from roots of Eulophia maculata, 31 August 2023, D. O. Ramos (living cultures COAD 3738 and COAD 3739) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Atlantic rainforest in Rio de Janeiro state and Seasonal Semideciduous Forest within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Collariella fluminensis clustered in a well-supported clade phylogenetically related to Col. capillicompacta, Col. carteri, Col. pachypodioides, and Col. hongheensis (Fig. 2). Morphologically, Col. fluminensis can be distinguished from Col. carteri by its larger ascomata (393–552 × 205–252 vs. 175–320 × 110–220 μm), terminal hairs (verrucose and spirally coiled vs. smooth and seta-like in Col. carteri), and smaller ascospores ((5.5 –) 6–6.5 × (4.5 –) 5–5.5 (– 6) vs. (6 –) 6.5–7.5 (– 8.5) × 5–6 (– 7.5) μm). Additionally, Col. fluminensis shows higher growth on OA (32–36 vs. 24–30 mm in Col. carteri) and slightly reduced growth on MEA (26–30 vs. 29–33 mm) (Wang et al. 2016 a). In comparison to Col. capillicompacta, Col. fluminensis has larger ascomata (393–552 × 205–252 vs. 198.9–303.6 × 146.6–230.3 μm), and slightly larger ascospores ((5.5 –) 6–6.5 × (4.5 –) 5–5.5 (– 6) vs. 5.2–6.2 × 4.2–5.2 μm) (Aghyl et al. 2021). Collariella fluminensis can be differentiated from Col. pachypodioides by its larger ascomata (393–552 μm vs. 350–460 μm) and spirally coiled and verrucose terminal hairs, whereas in Col. pachypodioides, its terminal hairs are smooth to slightly roughened (Ames 1961). Compared to Col. hongheensis, Col. fluminensis can be distinguished by its slightly larger ascomata (393–552 × 205–252 vs. 250–500 × 200–300), smaller asci (16.5–26 × 8–11 vs. 30–63.5 × 5–13 μm), and lacks hamathecium inside the ascomata (Manawasinghe et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/989C2ED1F0875B71A2A74D36E393C4DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
4C404C56CE09582D82BA78A1B2DFE993.text	4C404C56CE09582D82BA78A1B2DFE993.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Collariella X. Wei Wang & Samson 2016	<div><p>Collariella X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Collariella bostrychodes (Zopf) X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C404C56CE09582D82BA78A1B2DFE993	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
59E490119154578F862BAFE5D3D3DC20.text	59E490119154578F862BAFE5D3D3DC20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomopilus brasiliensis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Dichotomopilus brasiliensis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 19</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to Brazil, the country where the isolates used in the description were collected.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Araponga, from roots of Zygopetalum mackayi, 21 November 2021, O. L. Pereira (holotype VIC 49501 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3741) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, dark gray in reflected light, subglobose to ellipsoid, 160–220 μm high, 131–201 μm diam. Ascomatal wall brown, textura intricata or angularis. Terminal hairs dark brown, septate, unbranched or dichotomously branched 1–3 times towards the apex. Lateral hairs seta-like, tapering and fading towards tips. Asci fasciculate, clavate, with 8 ascospores irregularly arranged, with spore-bearing portion 13–19 × 7–12 μm, stalks 6–15.5 μm long, evanescent. Ascospores brown, ovoid to slightly elongate-ovoid, bilaterally flattened, (4.5 –) 5–6 × 3.5–4.5 (– 5.5) μm in face view, with one apical germ. Asexual morph unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 35–37 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire to undulate, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, circular; reverse pale luteous to luteous owing to the presence of soluble pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 47–60 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire to undulate, white aerial mycelium moderate, flat, circular; reverse buff; soluble pigment absent. Colonies on MEA reaching over 75 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium dense, flat, circular; reverse pale luteous due to the presence of soluble pigments. Colonies on PCA attaining 59–75 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium sparse to moderate, flat, circular; reverse buff to pale luteous due to production soluble pigment.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Maranhão: Itinga do Maranhão municipality, from roots of Musa sp., 10 December 2021, F. A. Custódio (living culture COAD 4293) ; Bahia: Vale do Juliana, from roots of Theobroma cacao, 18 July 2025, J. S. Santana and F. A. Custódio (living culture COAD 4294) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Atlantic rainforest in Bahia state, Amazon rainforest in Maranhão state, and Rupestrian grassland within the Atlantic forest in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Dichotomopilus brasiliensis was clustered in a unique lineage that was phylogenetically sister to D. subfunicola (Fig. 4). When compared with the description by Wang et al. (2016 a), ascospores are slightly shorter ((4.5 –) 5–6 vs. 5.5–6.5 (– 7.5) μm) and brown instead of olivaceous. The ascomatal wall of D. brasiliensis is composed of textura intricata or angularis, whereas that of D. subfunicola is composed of textura intricata or epidermoidea. Additionally, D. brasiliensis exhibited higher growth rates than D. subfunicola on different culture media: OA (35–37 vs. 25–28 mm), MEA (over 75 vs. 41–47 mm), and PCA (59–75 vs. 55–62 mm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/59E490119154578F862BAFE5D3D3DC20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
2C244724E8995850AF7285B4F47065DB.text	2C244724E8995850AF7285B4F47065DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomopilus variostiolatus (A. Carter) X. Wei Wang & Samson 2016	<div><p>Dichotomopilus variostiolatus (A. Carter) X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016</p><p>Fig. 20</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Chaetomium variostiolatum A. Carter, Canad. J. Bot. 61 (10): 2603 (1983).</p><p>Typification.</p><p>NEW GUINEA • from tarpaulin, 14 September 1944, E. T. Reese (holotype QM 36 d) deposited as dried culture in the University of Toronto Cryptogamic Herbarium (TRTC). Wang et al. (2016 a) designated the ex-type culture CBS 179.84 for molecular analysis .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Carter (1983).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Goiás: Goiânia, from roots of Cattleya nobilior, 05 January 2023, P. T. S. Nogueira (living culture COAD 3740) ; Minas Gerais: Viçosa, isolated from roots of Cattleya sp., 2012, O. L. Pereira (living culture COAD 3763) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil, New Guinea, USA, Thailand.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was first introduced as Chaetomium variostiolatum by Carter (1983) and then combined with Dichotomopilus variostiolatus by Wang et al. (2016 a) when the genus was established. This species produces unbranched seta-like or dichotomously branched terminal hairs. Both isolates in this study produced two types of terminal hairs, similar to those observed by Wang et al. (2016 a). Recently, dos Santos Santana et al. (2026) isolated D. variostiolatus as a root endophyte of Musa acuminata in Brazil. In the present study, D. variostiolatus was found endophytically on roots of Cattleya nobilior and Cattleya sp., suggesting that this species may be a common endophyte in the roots of Brazilian plants. Moreover, this is the first report of D. variostiolatus as an endophyte in Orchidaceae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C244724E8995850AF7285B4F47065DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
71784974DF155A9C914C3347632F29AE.text	71784974DF155A9C914C3347632F29AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomopilus X. Wei Wang & Samson 2016	<div><p>Dichotomopilus X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Dichotomopilus indicus (Corda) X. Wei Wang &amp; Samson, 2016 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/71784974DF155A9C914C3347632F29AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
99788E48137558C894B1AD2D8AB0D1D9.text	99788E48137558C894B1AD2D8AB0D1D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Humicola capillata D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Humicola capillata D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 21</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Latin capillatus, which means covered with hair, due to the abundance of ascomatal hairs.</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL • Distrito Federal: Brasília, isolated as root endophyte on Eulophia maculata, 08 August 2023, D. O. Ramos and P. T. S. Nogueira (holotype VIC 49507 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3744) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, luteous to amber in reflected light owing to ascomatal hairs, ovoid to elongate-obpyriform, apically attenuated to an elongate conical or short cylindrical neck, 273–339.5 μm high, 131.5–173 μm diam. at the widest part. Ascomatal wall brown, composed of textura angularis. Terminal hairs arising from the extension of the adjacent ostiolar cells, seta-like with delicate hamete tip, smooth. Lateral hairs are similar to terminal ones, tapering and fading towards the tips. Asci clavate, with spore-bearing portion 17–25.5 × 6.5–10.5 μm, stalks 8–12.5 μm long, with 8 biseriate ascospores, evanescent. Ascospores olivaceous, limoniform, umbonate at both ends, bilaterally flattened, (7.5 –) 8–8.5 (– 10) × (5.5 –) 6–6.5 (– 7) μm in face view, with one apical germ pore. Somatic hyphae hyaline. Aleurioconidia-like conidia produced laterally on hyphae or on branches, solitary or in small clusters of two or more, subglobose or occasionally pyriform, aseptate, brown to pale brown, thick-walled when mature, 7–8 × (6.5 –) 7–8 (– 8.5) μm.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 32–34 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular; reverse ochreous at the center of the colony and pale vinaceous to livid vinaceous due to pigment production. Colonies on CMA attaining 28–32 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, irregular shape; reverse buff to pale luteous; soluble pigment absent. Colonies on MEA attaining 33–37 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium with hypha tuffs, flat, circular; reverse cinnamon at the center and buff at the margins; soluble pigments absent. Colonies on PCA attaining 30–33 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate with mycelial strands, flat, circular; reverse buff to honey; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Gallery Forest within the Cerrado biome in the Distrito Federal).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Humicola capillata and H. paraisoensis clustered in a basal clade sister to a larger group comprising H. christenseniae, H. fuscoatra, H. fuscogrisea, H. homopilata, H. pinnata, H. purpurea, H. sphaeralis, and H. wallefii (Fig. 5). Morphologically, H. capillata and H. paraisoensis can be differentiated by ascomatal size (273–339.5 × 131.5–173 μm vs. 135.5–290 × 63–159 μm) and ascospores dimensions ((7.5 –) 8–8.5 (– 10) × (5.5 –) 6–6.5 (– 7) μm vs. (6.5 –) 7.5–8 (– 9) × 6.5–7 (– 8) μm). Additionally, H. capillata produces olivaceous ascospores and terminal hairs with a hamate tip, whereas H. paraisoensis produces brown ascospores and terminal hairs with undulate tips. Moreover, H. capillata exhibited a higher growth rate across culture media, including OA (32–34 vs. 25–28 mm), CMA (28–32 vs. 25–28 mm), MEA (33–37 vs. 27–30 mm), and PCA (30–33 vs. 25–28 mm). Humicola capillata produces a sexual morph similar to other species of the genus Humicola but differs from its close relatives (Wang et al. 2019 b) by producing aseptate, subglobose, or occasionally pyriform aleurioconidia-like conidia. In contrast, while H. christenseniae produces subglobose to oblate conidia, sometimes with two cells in chains; Humicola fuscoatra produces aseptate, subglobose to oblate conidia, sometimes in chains and in small clusters. Humicola fuscogrisea produces subglobose to oblate conidia, solitary or forming chains of 2–3 or many clusters; Humicola homopilata produces globose to subglobose conidia, occasionally obovoid or obpyriform, solitary or forming chains of two or small clusters; Humicola pinnata produces globose to oblate conidia, sometimes ovoid, without conidiophore differentiation; Humicola sphaeralis produces solitary globose to oblate conidia, sometimes ovoid, in hyphae without conidiophore differentiation; Humicola wallefii produces solitary conidia, sometimes in pairs in chains or forming small clusters, usually slightly tuberculate, globose to subglobose. Finally, H. purpurea differs by producing aseptate, subglobose to ovoid aleurioconidia-like conidia, solitary or in pairs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/99788E48137558C894B1AD2D8AB0D1D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
54B293CC52C0520DA49510E3D4F3C813.text	54B293CC52C0520DA49510E3D4F3C813.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Humicola paraisoensis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Humicola paraisoensis D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 22</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to a forest fragment named Mata do Paraíso, from which this fungus was isolated.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso, from roots of Catasetum hookeri, 02 June 2023, D. O. Ramos and P. T. S. Nogueira (holotype VIC 49502 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3743) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, luteous to amber because of the ascomatal hairs in reflected light, elongate obpyriform or ampulliform bellow, apically attenuated to an elongate conical or short cylindrical neck, 135.5–290 μm high, 63–159 μm diam. at the widest part. Ascomatal wall brown, composed of textura angularis. Terminal hairs arising from the extension of the adjacent ostiolar cells, seta-like with a delicate undulate tip, smooth. Lateral hairs similar to terminal ones, tapering and fading towards the tips. Asci clavate to cylindrical, spore-bearing portion 18–27.5 × 6–11 μm, stalks 7–13.5 μm long, 8 - spored, biseriate, evanescent. Ascospores brown, limoniform, umbonate at both ends, bilaterally flattened, (6.5 –) 7.5–8 (– 9) × 6.5–7 (– 8) μm in face view, with one apical germ pore. Somatic hyphae hyaline. Aleurioconidia-like conidia produced laterally on hyphae, rarely on branches, solitary, globose, subglobose or occasionally pyriform or ellipsoid, aseptate, subhyaline to pale brown, thick-walled when mature, 7–8.5 (– 10) × (6 –) 7–9 μm.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 25–28 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular; reverse pale vinaceous owing to the presence of pigments. Colonies on CMA attaining 25–28 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire to fimbriate, white aerial mycelium sparse with little exudate at the center of the colony, flat, circular shape; reverse buff to pale luteous; soluble pigment absent. Colonies on MEA attaining 27–30 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium thick, texture floccose, flat, circular; reverse dark vinaceous due to production of soluble pigments. Colonies on PCA attaining 25–28 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular; reverse buff to saffron; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso, from roots of Catasetum hookeri, 02 June 2023, D. O. Ramos and P. T. S. Nogueira (living culture COAD 3742) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Humicola paraisoensis is phylogenetically related to H. capillata (Fig. 5). These two species have different hosts and geographical distributions, H. paraisoensis was isolated from the orchid Catasetum hookeri in a forest fragment of the Atlantic Forest biome in Minas Gerais state, whereas H. capillata was isolated from Eulophia maculata in the Cerrado biome in Distrito Federal. Humicola paraisoensis produces sexual structures similar to other members of the genus but differs from its close relatives (Wang et al. 2019 b) by producing aseptate, solitary, globose, subglobose or occasionally pyriform or ellipsoid aleurioconidia-like conidia. In contrast, H. christenseniae produces subglobose to oblate conidia, sometimes occurring in 2 - celled chains; Humicola fuscoatra produces 1 - celled, subglobose to oblate conidia, sometimes in chains and in a few clusters; Humicola fuscogrisea produces subglobose to oblate conidia, solitary or forming chains of 2-3 or many clusters; and Humicola homopilata produces globose to subglobose conidia, occasionally obovoid or obpyriform, solitary or forming chains of two or small clusters. Humicola pinnata produces globose to oblate conidia, sometimes ovoid, without conidiophore differentiation. Humicola sphaeralis produces solitary globose to oblate conidia, sometimes ovoid, in hyphae without conidiophore differentiation. Humicola wallefii produces solitary conidia, sometimes in pairs in chains or forming small clusters, usually slightly tuberculate, globose to subglobose (Wang et al. 2019 b). Finally, H. purpurea differs by producing 1 - celled, subglobose to ovoid aleurioconidia-like conidia, solitary or in pairs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/54B293CC52C0520DA49510E3D4F3C813	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
E9887A1853365E4DB7924D651CFDF5AB.text	E9887A1853365E4DB7924D651CFDF5AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Humicola purpurea D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Humicola purpurea D. O. Ramos, P. T. S. Nogueira &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 23</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the purple pigment produced by this fungus when cultivated on OA and MEA.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso, from roots of Eulophia maculata, 02 July 2023, D. O. Ramos (holotype VIC 49503 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 3745) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, amber in reflected light owing to ascomatal hairs, ovoid to obpyriform, apically attenuated to an elongate conical or short cylindrical neck, 208–280 μm high, 90.5–136 μm diam. at the widest part. Ascomatal wall brown, composed of textura angularis. Terminal hairs arising from the extension of the adjacent ostiolar cells, straight, smooth, flexuous to undulate towards the apex. Lateral hairs similar to terminal ones, tapering and fading towards the tips. Asci clavate to cylindrical, spore-bearing portion 21.5–29 × 7.5–12 μm, stalks 7.5–14 μm long, 8 - spored, biseriate, evanescent. Ascospores brown, limoniform, umbonate at both ends, bilaterally flattened, (7 –) 8–8.5 (– 9.5) × (5.5 –) 6.5–7 (– 7.5) μm in face view, with one apical germ pore. Somatic hyphae hyaline. Aleurioconidia-like conidia produced laterally on hyphae, solitary or in pairs, subglobose to ovoid, aseptate, pale brown and thick-walled when mature, (8 –) 8.5–9.5 (– 11) × (7 –) 7.5–9 (– 9.5) μm.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 28–30 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium absent, flat, circular; reverse dark vinaceous owing to soluble pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 30–33 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, circular; reverse buff; soluble pigment absent. Colonies on MEA attaining 30–34 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, circular, reverse dark vinaceous at the center and pale vinaceous at the margins of colonies due to the presence of pigments. Colonies on PCA attaining 28–32 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium sparse at the center of the colony and absent at the margins, flat, circular; reverse buff; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso, from roots of Eulophia maculata, 02 July 2023, D. O. Ramos (living culture COAD 3746) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest within the Atlantic Forest domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Humicola purpurea clustered into a well-supported clade sister to H. fuscoatra (Fig. 5). Morphologically, H. purpurea produces a sexual morph in culture, which is not observed for H. fuscoatra (Wang et al. 2019 b) . Additionally, H. purpurea showed higher growth rates than H. fuscoatra on CMA (30–33 vs. 24–30 mm), MEA (30–34 vs. 18–24 mm), and PCA (28–32 vs. 17–23 mm). Humicola purpurea differs from other closely related species (Wang et al. 2019 b) by producing aleurioconidia-like conidia that are solitary or in clusters of two, subglobose to ovoid, aseptate, while H. christenseniae produces subglobose to oblate conidia, sometimes with two cells in chains. Humicola fuscogrisea produces subglobose to oblate conidia, solitary or in chains of 2–3 or in larger clusters. Humicola homopilata produces globose to subglobose conidia, occasionally obovoid or obpyriform, solitary or in chains of two or small clusters. Humicola pinnata produces globose to oblate conidia, sometimes ovoid, without conidiophore differentiation. Humicola sphaeralis produces globose to oblate conidia, sometimes ovoid, solitary in hyphae without conidiophore differentiation. Humicola wallefii produces solitary conidia, sometimes in pairs, in chains or forming small clusters, usually slightly tuberculate, globose to subglobose.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9887A1853365E4DB7924D651CFDF5AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
33BAD6792D335710B16E7F2D0334A717.text	33BAD6792D335710B16E7F2D0334A717.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Humicola Traaen 1914	<div><p>Humicola Traaen, 1914</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Humicola fuscoatra Traaen, 1914 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/33BAD6792D335710B16E7F2D0334A717	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
84DD70C438195B0898F3DF55E2D1BED0.text	84DD70C438195B0898F3DF55E2D1BED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohumicola cinnamomeobrunnea Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel 2025	<div><p>Pseudohumicola cinnamomeobrunnea Sastoque, Cano &amp; Stchigel, 2025</p><p>Fig. 25</p><p>Typification.</p><p>SPAIN • Canary Islands: La Palma, Fuencaliente (Los Canarios), isolated from soil of Teneguía volcano, 15 July 2008, M. Calduch and A. M. Stchigel, isolated by A. P. Sastoque (holotype CBS H-25248, culture ex-type CBS 150900) .</p><p>Emended description.</p><p>Somatic hyphae hyaline. Aleurioconidia-like conidia produced laterally on hyphae, but more commonly continuous with the hyphae, solitary or in clusters of three or more, subglobose, occasionally cylindrical or pyriform, 1 - celled, with a pale brown to brown, thick wall when mature, (7 –) 9–10 (– 15) × (7 –) 8–8.5 (– 9.5) μm. Acremonium-like conidiophores arising laterally from hyphae, branched, sometimes unbranched, aseptate, or sometimes septate, 23.5–42 μm long. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, 5–21 μm long, 1.5–3.5 μm wide at the base. Conidia hyaline, borne in basipetal chains or held in false heads, aseptate, clavate, occasionally cylindrical, (3 –) 3.5–4.5 (– 5) × (1 –) 1.5–2 μm. Sexual morph unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 42–46 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, aerial mycelium sparse, raised, circular, moderate production of conidia; reverse buff with little production of pale luteous pigment. Colonies on CMA attaining 38–43 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire margin, white aerial mycelium sparse, flat, intense production of conidia at the center of colonies; reverse olivaceous at the center and buff at the margins of colonies; soluble pigment absent. Colonies on MEA attaining 45–48 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge slightly undulate, white aerial mycelium abundant, raised, circular, conidia production was not observed; reverse pale luteous; soluble pigments absent. Colonies on PCA attaining 34–37 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge erose or dentate, white aerial mycelium moderate at the center and sparse at the edges, concave with raised margins, circular, intense production of conidia; reverse olivaceous buff; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais, Viçosa, from coconut shell used as substrate for Cattleya aclandiae, 25 June 2022, P. T. S Nogueira (herbarium voucher VIC 49504 preserved as dried culture, living culture COAD 3747) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil and Spain (Canary Islands).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate COAD 3747 clustered with Ps. cinnamomeobrunnea CBS 150900. Pseudohumicola cinnamomeobrunnea was described by Sastoque et al. (2025) as producing only aleurioconidia-like synanamorph. However, the isolate COAD 3747 produces an acremonium-like synanamorph, and here we provide its description, which was not observed in the related species, Ps. semispiralis and Ps. glauca . In addition, colonies of the isolate COAD 3747 showed similar growth rates on MEA and CMA but showed higher growth rates on OA (42–46 mm vs. 37–40 mm) and reduced growth on PCA (34–37 mm vs. 46– 17 mm) when compared to the type CBS 150900. This is the first report of Ps. cinnamomeobrunnea outside the Canary Islands, where this species was originally described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/84DD70C438195B0898F3DF55E2D1BED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
23353E3E8D6158F4B95B69EE1DBA22DF.text	23353E3E8D6158F4B95B69EE1DBA22DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohumicola crispata D. O. Ramos & O. L. Pereira 2026	<div><p>Pseudohumicola crispata D. O. Ramos &amp; O. L. Pereira sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 24</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Latin crispatus, due to the presence of undulate to coiled ascomatal hairs.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Santana do Riacho municipality, from roots of Cattleya sp. ( Parviflorae), 13 March 2024, D. O. Ramos (holotype VIC 49703 preserved as dried culture, culture ex-type COAD 4166) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, olivaceous buff to greenish olivaceous because of the ascomatal hairs, ovoid to ellipsoid, 158–283.5 μm high, 90.5–163 μm diam. at the widest part. Ascomatal wall brown, composed of angular to irregular cells. Terminal hairs straight to flexuous near the base, undulate to coiled and attenuated towards the apex, septate. Lateral hairs shorter, otherwise similar to the terminal ones. Asci clavate, spore-bearing portion 12.5–18 × 4.5–8 μm and stalks 6.5–14 (– 17) μm long, 8 biseriate ascospores, evanescent. Ascospores gray-olivaceous, limoniform, umbonate at both ends, bilaterally flattened, 3.5–4 (– 4.5) × 3–3.5 (– 4) μm in face view, with one apical germ pore. Asexual morph unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA attaining 38–43 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, edge entire, white aerial mycelium moderate, flat, circular; reverse vinaceous to pale vinaceous at the center of colonies due to the production of soluble pigment and buff at the margins. Colonies on CMA attaining 38–40 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, undulate margin, white aerial mycelium moderate, flat; reverse pale luteous at the center due to the production of soluble pigment and buff at the margins of colonies. Colonies on MEA attaining 18–20 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, undulate to entire margin, white aerial mycelium moderate, raised, circular; reverse orange to luteous due to the production of soluble pigment. Colonies on PCA attaining 36–40 mm diameter after 7 days at 25 ° C, entire edge, with profuse white aerial mycelium, umbonate, circular; reverse buff to pale luteous; soluble pigments absent.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Santana do Riacho municipality, from roots of Cattleya sp. ( Parviflorae), 13 March 2024, D. O. Ramos (living culture COAD 4167) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Rupestrian Grasslands within the Cerrado domain in Minas Gerais state).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pseudohumicola crispata is phylogenetically related to Ps. subspiralis and morphologically differs from it by the production of smaller ascomata (158–283.5 × 90.5–163 μm vs. 240–320 × 185–260 μm), asci (12.5–18 × 4.5–8 μm vs. 18–25 × 6–9 μm) and ascospores (3.5–4 (– 4.5) × 3–3.5 (– 4) μm vs. 5–6.5 (– 7) × 4.5–5.5 (– 6). In addition, the acremonium-like synanamorph was not observed in Ps. crispata as it was observed in the related species Ps. subspiralis by Wang et al. (2019 b). Cultures of Ps. crispata showed similar growth rates to Ps. subspiralis on OA, CMA, and PCA, but were smaller on MEA (18–20 mm vs. 30–36 mm diam). The other related species, Ps. atrobrunnea, is known for producing only the aleurioconidia-like synanamorph. This is the first Pseudohumicola species described as an endophyte worldwide.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23353E3E8D6158F4B95B69EE1DBA22DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
1183ACDBE704540484B1170FA6E84DB8.text	1183ACDBE704540484B1170FA6E84DB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohumicola pulvericola (X. Wei Wang, Houbraken & Seifert) X. Wei Wang, P. J. Han, F. Y. Bai & Houbraken 2022	<div><p>Pseudohumicola pulvericola (X. Wei Wang, Houbraken &amp; Seifert) X. Wei Wang, P. J. Han, F. Y. Bai &amp; Houbraken, 2022</p><p>Fig. 26</p><p>Synonym.</p><p>Humicola pulvericola X. Wei Wang, Houbraken &amp; Seifert, Stud. Mycol. 93: 96 (2019).</p><p>Typification.</p><p>MEXICO • From house dust, K. Mwange and E. Whitfield (holotype CBS H-23486, culture ex-type CBS 144165) .</p><p>Emended description.</p><p>Ascomata superficial, ostiolate, ellipsoid to ovoid, 260–408 μm high, 210–308 μm diam., growing under the aerial mycelium. Ascomatal wall dark brown, composed of textura angularis. Terminal hairs flexuous, septate, verrucose near the base. Lateral hairs straight or flexuous. Asci clavate, with spore-bearing portion 20–25 × 6–8.5 μm, with 8 biseriate ascospores, evanescent. Ascospores pale brown, limoniform, bilaterally flattened, (9 –) 10–10.5 (– 11.5) × (6.5 –) 8–8.5 (– 9.5) μm in face view, with one apical germ pore. Asexual morph described by Wang et al. (2019 b).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • Minas Gerais: Viçosa, from the substrate of Cattleya aclandiae, 25 June 2022, P. T. S. Nogueira (living cultures COAD 3748 and COAD 3749) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pseudohumicola pulvericola was known only for its asexual morph. In the present study, the sexual morph was observed and described. To induce the production of reproductive structures, isolate COAD 3748 was cultivated on OA using a sterile paper filter, indicating that this is a homothallic species; however, the conditions required to produce the sexual morph are not entirely clear. Ascomata production began after three weeks under the paper filter. This is the first report of this species in Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1183ACDBE704540484B1170FA6E84DB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
F226EBB6107A539E97CC73ACAC8F8169.text	F226EBB6107A539E97CC73ACAC8F8169.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudohumicola X. Wei Wang, P. J. Han, F. Y. Bai Houbraken 2022	<div><p>Pseudohumicola X. Wei Wang, P. J. Han, F. Y. Bai Houbraken, 2022</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Pseudohumicola subspiralis (Chivers) X. Wei Wang, P. J. Han, F. Y. Bai &amp; Houbraken, 2022 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F226EBB6107A539E97CC73ACAC8F8169	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira;Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos;Condé, Thiago Oliveira;dos Santos Santana, Jaciara;Pereira, Olinto Liparini	Ramos, Danilo Oliveira, Nogueira, Pedro Thiago Santos, Condé, Thiago Oliveira, dos Santos Santana, Jaciara, Pereira, Olinto Liparini (2026): Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) associated with roots of wild Orchidaceae in Brazil. IMA Fungus 17: e 192047, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.192047
