identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DA2087F95C4758117E87FBB0FC23F8BB.text	DA2087F95C4758117E87FBB0FC23F8BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mouriri arborea Gardner 1843	<div><p>1.  Mouriri arborea Gardner (1843: t. 515).</p><p>Type:—   BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro:  Organ Mountains . March 1841, [fl.], G. Gardner 5704 (holotype: BM001008151 ;  isotypes: BR0000005208715, CAS0003600, E00285685, G00328336, GH00073007, K000329670, K000329671, NY00229532, NY00229533, NY00229534, NY00522635, P01168046, R![R000010531], W0070263, W0107081). (Fig.1–2)</p><p>=  Mouriri sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret (1931: 150) ≡  Aulacocarpus sellowianus O. Berg (1857: 381) . Type:— BRAZIL.  Habitat in Brasilia, without date [fr.], F. Sellow s.n. (holotype: B, destroyed). Lectotype (designated here):—[Icon]  Aulococarpus sellowianus O.Berg. Flora Brasiliensis 14(1): t. 40. 1857. (Fig.3). syn. nov.</p><p>=  Mouriri megasperma Morley (1976: 254) . Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Norte do  rio Doce, mata  São Gabriel, September 1950 [fr.], J.N. Vieira 72 (holotype: MIN1001858; isotypes: RB! [RB00556714], RB! [RB00541515]). syn. nov.</p><p>=  Mouriri petroniana Cogn. &amp; Saldanha (1887: t. 5). Lectotype [designated by Morley 1976: 232]— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro:  Serra da Nova Friburgo, February 3, 1883 [fl.], J. Saldanha 7058 (lectotype: BR000000520825; isolectotypes: BR00000520858, P01168048, R! [R000168367], R! [R000168367a]).</p><p>Description:—Canopy to understory tree or treelet. Bark light-brownish-gray, fissured-scaly, fissures shallow, short, parallel to oblique, ridges flattened, scales papyraceous, rectangular or irregular; slash with the outer bark grayishbrown, soft, laminate, the inner bark light-yellow to yellow, tangential section with longitudinal streaks. Stems with young shoots reddish-brown, terete. Petioles 1.5–10.0 mm long. Leaf blade chartaceous 7.0–18.5 × 2.5–6.1 cm, elliptic, elliptic-ovate or elliptic-oblong, apex long or short acuminate or acute, base acute, obtuse or rounded, glabrous on both surfaces, venation hyphodromous in vivo and in sicco, or sometimes obscure in sicco, midrib flat or slightly grooved on the adaxial surface, angular 2-winged or rarely 2-angled on the abaxial surface. Inflorescences axillary and/or in leafless nodes, 1–2 per side, 1–3(–5) flowers per peduncle, 4.7–11.0(–18.0) mm long to base of farthest pedicel measured along the axes with 2 internodes in that length. Bracts deciduous at anthesis. Pedicels 3.5–12 mm long. Flower bud with calyx lobes nearly completely fused with the corolla protruding through a small terminal opening, when fully developed 10.0–17.0 mm long, obovoid, the calyx bursting at anthesis irregularly into 2–3 pieces or regularly into 5 pieces, the pieces breaking away or not. Sepals 6.0– 9.5 mm long, oblong, apex rounded. Petals white to yellowish in vivo, 10.0–15.0 mm long, 7.6–10.0 mm wide, ovate to elliptic or widely elliptic, apex acute or acuminate. Filaments white in vivo, 7.0–15.0 mm long. Anthers yellow in vivo, 2.9–4.6 mm long, thecae 2.1–4.5 mm long, dehiscing through a short apical slit, gland 0.3–0.8 mm long, 2.0– 3.4 mm long from apex of anther when measured from center of gland, cauda 0.3–0.8 mm long from base of anther when measured from base of gland. Ovary 4–6-locular, free-basal placentation, ovules 4–6 per placenta, style 16–23 mm long. Fruits globose or subglobose, yellow to orange when ripe, 22.1–30.8 × 18.0– 34.7 mm, with a terminal circular scar 5.0– 10.5 mm diam. or crowned with some calyx lobes. Seeds 1–4(–5) per fruit, 12.8–23 × 12.9–19.4 mm, most of the seed surface brownish, smooth, hilum basal, rotund, 6.7–10.5 × 5.0– 9.2 mm.</p><p>Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Itamaraju, Goldenberg 3063 (UPCB); Porto Seguro, Thomas 11248 (RB); Wenceslau Guimarães, Bacci 288 (CEPEC). Espírito Santo:  Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Völtz 2889 (MBM);  Conceição da Barra,  Pereira 7760 (VIES); Domingos Martins, Folli 6745 (RB); Guarapari, Assis 789 (HUFU); João Neiva, Kollmann 10076 (UPCB); Linhares, Siqueira 1022 (CVRD); Piúma, Pirani 3504 (NY); Santa  Leopoldina, Demuner 4076 (MBML); Santa Teresa, Demuner 439 (MBML); Serra, Botelho 69 (VIES);  Venda Nova do Imigrante, Hatschbach 61519 (ESA); Vila Velha,  Pereira 6246 (VIES). Rio de Janeiro:  Duque de Caxias,  Silva 75 (RB); Guapimirim, Völtz 2297 (MBM); Nova Friburgo, Glaziou 13860 (IAC);  Portella, Portella 215 (RB); Rio de Janeiro, Ribeiro 2172 (US); Santa Maria Madalena, Marquete 2387 (RB!); Saquarema,  Silva 544 (RB);  Silva Jardim, Fernandes 219 (RB), Teresópolis,  Freire de Carvalho 651 (RB). São Paulo: Ubatuba, Völtz 2439 (MBM).</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —  Mouriri arborea is endemic to Brazil, occurring along the hills and mountains of the Atlantic Coast between 13° S and 23° S. It was previously known only from the state of Rio de Janeiro (Morley, 1976), but its distribution is expanded to Bahia, Espírito Santo, and São Paulo based on our work. Goldenberg (2009) did not mention  M. arborea in São Paulo state, therefore we expand the distribution of this species further south. It is a component of the canopy layer in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest and it is commonly found on clay soils within submontane to montane forests up to 1000 m elevation, along the Serra do Mar mountain system, as well as mountainous regions in Espírito Santo and Bahia. In the northern limit,  M. arborea also grows in the undulating plains that are covered by lowland tropical forests, known as Tabuleiro forest, and in the woodland that is associated with sandy soils, called Mussununga forests (Fig. 4).</p><p>Conservation status:—  Mouriri arborea has a relatively wide geographic distribution with an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 232,106.1 km ² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 180 km ². According to the categories and criteria established by the IUCN (2012), the species would be classified as Least Concern (LC) due to its large extent of occurrence. However, it could also be considered Endangered (EN), since its area of occupancy is smaller than 500 km ², although only one criterion is met [EN B2b(iii)]. Field observations indicate that the populations in this species are sparse, and although some of them occur in protected areas, its natural environment is fragmented and threatened by deforestation (Laurance, 2009). Therefore, we recommend  M. arborea as Near Threatened (NT) because it does not meet the criteria for more seriously threatened categories.</p><p>Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes:—  Mouriri megasperma was described based on only one fruiting specimen, collected to the north of Rio Doce in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Morley (1976) placed the new species doubtfully on the section  Olisbeoides, in  Mouriri subgenus  Mouriri . Still according to Morley (1976),  Mouriri megasperma differed from  M. arborea (from Rio de Janeiro state) in having an acute leaf apex (vs. acuminate in  M. arborea), 2-angled midrib on the abaxial surface of the leaf (vs. 2-winged), larger fruits with 5 seeds (vs. apparently 1-seeded), these larger than in the former, as well as differences in some leaf anatomical features. New collections (Siqueira 1022) from the same area of the type of  M. megasperma make the separation between  M. megasperma and  M. arborea more difficult. Although Morley (1976) described  M. megasperma as having an acute leaf apex, it is clear that the type material has leaves with both acute and short-acuminate apices. Most modern samples have a 2-winged midrib (Fig. 1C) on the abaxial surface, but a few samples have a 2-angled midrib. The specimens from the type locality of  M. megasperma that have flower buds and flowers undoubtedly belong to  M. arborea, with some differences only in the length of the thecae. At the same time, specimens with fruit show similarities in shape and in the terminal circular scar between what would be regarded as these two species (Fig. 2F–G). Morley (1976) stated that  M. megasperma had 5-seeded fruits, while  M. arborea had only one seed per fruit, but a new sample of  M. arborea from southern Espírito Santo [Völtz et al. 2889] shows that the number of seeds in the fruits may vary from one to four in this species. Considering the lack of consistent diagnostic characters for  M. megasperma, we here propose its synonymization under  M. arborea .</p><p>Mouriri sellowiana was originally described as a  Myrtaceae and placed in the genus  Aulacocarpus O. Berg (1856: 345) by Otto Karl Berg in the Flora Brasiliensis (Berg, 1857), based on material collected by Friedrich Sellow in an unspecified locality in Brazil. Burret (1931: 150) transferred this species to  Mouriri and added the information that the specimen was collected between  Vitória and Bahia (nowadays city of Salvador).  If this information is correct,  Friedrich Sellow collected this specimen between November 1815, upon his arrival in Vitória, and March 1817, when he departed from Salvador (Urban, 1906; Moraes, 2009). Burret (1931) also highlighted the resemblance between  M. sellowiana and  M. petroniana (=  M. arborea), and even questioned whether they could be considered conspecific. Unfortunately, the only known specimen of  M. sellowiana was destroyed in World War II (Morley, 1976). As a result, the species is now only known from its original description and accompanying illustrations (Berg, 1857). Morley (1976) also agreed with Burret that the description and drawings are similar to  M. arborea, but maintained  M. sellowiana as a valid taxon, albeit listed as “species insufficiently known”. He also thought that  M. sellowiana would be very close to  M. megasperma, and argued that the leaves with an acute apex and larger fruits and seeds of the latter species would distinguish it from the former.</p><p>As we have previously discussed, we consider  M. megasperma to be a synonym of  M. arborea . After analyzing the most recent samples from presumably the same areas as the type of  M. sellowiana (southern Bahia), we confirmed that  M. sellowiana is the same species as  M. arborea, supporting the hypothesis raised by previous authors. Generally, the calyx lobes from recent samples from South Bahia burst into five pieces at anthesis, resulting in fruits that are crowned with the persistent calyx (Fig. 2E), although some or all of the lobes may fall off, leaving a circular scar (Fig. 2F–G). The specimens from other regions show a calyx that bursts at anthesis irregularly into 2–3 pieces, the pieces breaking away or not (Fig. 2D). As a result, the fruit shows a circular scar at the apex (Fig. 2G). The number of seeds in each fruit in these specimens ranges from 1 to 4. The specimens with flowers from Bahia have shorter anthers and thecae than those from other regions, but this seems to be insufficient to recognize different taxa. After comparing herbarium specimens, original descriptions, and illustrations, we concluded that  M. sellowiana should be synonymized under  M. arborea . According to Art. 11.4 of ICN (Turland et al., 2017), the epithet  arborea has a priority over  sellowiana and  megasperma, as the first one is the oldest legitimate name.</p><p>Since the original material of  M. sellowiana was destroyed, a lectotypification is required according to Art. 9.3 and 9.4 of ICN (Turland et al., 2017). As long as no isotypes are known, the only original material remaining is an illustration associated with the protologue of  Aulacocarpus sellowianus in Flora Brasiliensis (Berg, 1857). This illustration shows a fruiting branch, a cross-section of fruit, and three seeds depicted in different views. The fruits are 3–4-lobed according to the number of seeds and show a central hollow zone surrounded by a circular scar at the apex. In the description of the species Berg writes, “ disco profunde excavato reliquiisque sepalorum coronata ”, suggesting that fruits had remains of the sepals. In the cross-section of the fruit, there are four locules, each with one seed. These illustrations may have been drawn based on material seen by Berg, and it is likely from the original collection of the Sellow. In conclusion, we designated here the illustration of  Aulacocarpus sellowianus from Flora Brasiliensis as a lectotype of  Mouriri sellowiana (Fig. 1).</p><p>The name  Aulacocarpus sellowianus was mentioned for the first time by Berg (1856). According to McVaugh (1956), this publication in  Linnaea was a list of species that Otto Berg planned to be published after the publication of Flora Brasiliensis (Berg 1857), but it happened the other way. Despite being published before Berg (1857), Berg (1956) does not include descriptions for the species and consequently the names of new species cannot be considered valid, as stated in Art. 38.1 in the ICN (Turland et al., 2017). Therefore, since Berg (1857, in Flora Brasiliensis) has a description, it is regarded here as the valid publication for  A. sellowianus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2087F95C4758117E87FBB0FC23F8BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Völtz, Rafael Rosenstock;Goldenberg, Renato	Völtz, Rafael Rosenstock, Goldenberg, Renato (2024): A taxonomic notes on Mouriri (Olisbeoideae, Melastomataceae): Clarifying two little-known species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with three new synonyms. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 247-258, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.3
DA2087F95C40581E7E87F8EFFC5FF913.text	DA2087F95C40581E7E87F8EFFC5FF913.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mouriri regeliana Cogn. 1888	<div><p>2.  Mouriri regeliana Cogn. (1888: 572) .</p><p>Type: BRAZIL. Without locality, without date [fl.], L. Riedel 1701 (holotype: LE00004244;  isotypes: BR0000005221196,  K000329643,  LE00004243,  P01168022,  P01168026,  P01168028). (Fig.5)</p><p>=  Mouriri bahiensis Morley (1976: 66) . Type: BRAZIL. Bahia: forest 8 km S. Itacaré. Árvore de 20 m de alt. e 10 cm diam., cálice verde, pétalas amarelo-ouro, estames amarelo-claro. October 16, 1968 (fl.), J. Almeida &amp; T.S. Santos 160 (holotype: US00123905; isotypes: CEPEC! [accession no. 4884], MIN1001830, MIN1001831, US 01101171). syn. nov.</p><p>Description:—Understory tree up to 25 m high. Bark not seen. Stems with young shoots light-gray, terete. Petioles 2.5–6.0 mm long. Leaf blade chartaceous 4.9–14.0 × 1.6–6.0 cm, elliptic to narrow elliptic or narrow-ovate to lanceolate, apex long or short acuminate or acute, base acute, obtuse or rounded, glabrous in both surfaces, venation not visible or obscure in both surface in sicco, midrib grooved on the adaxial surface, rounded on the abaxial surface. Inflorescences axillary, 1–2 per side, 1–7 flowers per peduncle, 5.5–16.7 mm long to base of farthest pedicel measured along the axes with 2–5 internodes in that length. Bracts present at anthesis, 0.6–2.5 mm long, triangular or deltate, apex acute. Pedicels none or up 0.5 mm long. Flower bud with calyx lobes enclosing 2/3 or less the corolla length, hypanthium plus calyx 4.0– 5.8 mm long, obconic, greenish in vivo, blackish in sicco. Sepals 0.9–2.0 × 1.6–2.2 mm, deltate or widely-ovate, apex acute. Petals yellow in vivo, 3.8–7.0 mm × 2.0–3.0 mm, elliptic to widely-elliptic, apex acute or short-acuminate. Filaments yellow in vivo, the antesepalous ones 3.5–5.0 mm long, the antepetalous ones 5.0– 6.5 mm long. Anthers yellow in vivo, 2.4–4.8 mm long, thecae 1.7–2.5 mm long, dehiscing through an apical pore, gland 0.2–0.6 mm long, 1.7–3.1 mm long from apex of anther when measured from center of gland, cauda 0.5–1.1 mm long from base of anther when measured from base of the gland. Ovary (1–)2-locular, axil placentation, ovules 3–4 per placenta, style 7.5–12.0 mm long. Fruits and seeds unknown.</p><p>Selected specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Almadina, Marinho 588 (HUEFS); Camacan, Rocha 1146 (CEPEC); Itacaré,  Almeida 176 (CEPEC); Piraí do Norte, Vasconcelos 445 (HURB); Ubaitaba, Amorim 437 (CEPEC); Una, Mori 13788 (NY); Uruçuca, Thomas 8488 (CEPEC); Wenceslau Guimarães, Thomas 9362 (NY).</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —  Mouriri regeliana is endemic to the state of Bahia, Brazil. It grows on the hills and mountains of the Atlantic Coast between 14° S and 16° S. This is an understory species in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. It may also be found in lowland tropical forests (Tabuleiro forest) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Conservation status: —Still as separate species,  Mouriri regeliana and  M. bahiensis were both categorized as Endangered (EN) in previous official assessments due to their restricted distribution and the decrease and fragmentation of their habitat (Fernandez &amp; Moraes, 2019; Fernandez &amp; Amorim, 2020). Even after the taxonomic recircumscription proposed here, with the inclusion of  M. bahiensis as a synonym of  M. regeliana, this species can still be considered Endangered [EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)]. The species has a restricted geographic distribution with an extent of occurrence (EOO) of ca. 11,435.5 km ² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 56 km ². According to the categories and criteria established by the IUCN (2012), the species would be classified as Vulnerable (VU) due to its limited extent of occurrence. However, it could be also considered Endangered (EN), since its area of occupancy is less than 500 km ². Furthermore, most of the available specimens were collected over 30 years ago in a severely fragmented habitat that is still at risk due to deforestation, with less than one-fourth of the original vegetation remaining (Table 1). Only three populations of  M. regeliana were found in protected areas out of all the collected specimens. Therefore, we recommend that  M. regeliana should be maintained as Endangered [EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)].</p><p>Source: SOS Mata Atlântica &amp; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2024.</p><p>Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes:  Mouriri bahiensis was described based on a single specimen ( Almeida 160) collected in 1968, at a time when  M. regeliana was only known from the type. Interestingly, the type of  M. bahiensis was collected in the same locality where another  Mouriri would be collected two days later by the same collector ( Almeida 176). Years later, in 1973, this collection was identified as the second known collection of  M. regeliana, but its morphology indicated that its distinction from  M. bahiensis was not as clear as previously thought (Morley, 1976). However, Morley (1976) still considered them as distinct species and recognized  M. bahiensis because of the leaves with a narrower included angle at the base (45–70° vs. 50–150° in  M. regeliana), as well as a slightly shiny adaxial leaf and the small size, shape, and arrangement of the upper epidermal cells. It would also differ by the greater number of flowers per inflorescence (1–7 flowers vs. 1(–3)- flowers in  M. regeliana), shorter calyx lobes (0.9–1.4 mm vs. 1.4–2.0 mm long), larger petals (6.0–7.0 mm vs. 3.8–4.5 mm long), shorter hypanthium plus calyx (4.0–5.0 mm vs. 4.5–5.8 mm long), and longer anthers (3.6–4.8 mm vs. 2.4–3.4 mm long). Despite these differences, even the author recognized that separating both would be difficult. Recent samples from southern Bahia (Amorim 437) showed that these differences are weak and that one or more characters often overlap. After comparing herborized specimens and original descriptions, associated with the similarity in habitat, we propose that  M. bahiensis should be synonymized under  M. regeliana . According to Art. 11.4 of ICN (Turland et al., 2017),  M. regeliana has priority over  M. bahiensis since the first one is the oldest legitimate name.</p><p>The type specimen of  M. regeliana was collected by Ludwig Riedel in an unspecified locality in Brazil. Due to the current distribution of  M. regeliana, Riedel presumably collected this specimen in southern Bahia. This botanist arrived in South Bahia in February 1821 and spent nearly two years conducting botanical research in the region before going to Rio de Janeiro in November 1822 (Urban, 1906; Moraes, 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2087F95C40581E7E87F8EFFC5FF913	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Völtz, Rafael Rosenstock;Goldenberg, Renato	Völtz, Rafael Rosenstock, Goldenberg, Renato (2024): A taxonomic notes on Mouriri (Olisbeoideae, Melastomataceae): Clarifying two little-known species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with three new synonyms. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 247-258, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.3
