identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B0FD3DB8FA165F8A8AF46A7D90A519FA.text	B0FD3DB8FA165F8A8AF46A7D90A519FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triniochloa villalpandoana Ruiz-Sanchez & Zabalg. 2026	<div><p>Triniochloa villalpandoana Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; Zabalg. sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Type</p><p>MEXICO – Jalisco • Zapopan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.62241&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.62241/lat 20.79415)">Cerro de los Bailadores</a>, dentro de cañada con exposición norte; 20°47’38.94”N, 103°37’20.68”W; 1774 m; 24 Dec. 2025; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 982; holotype: IBUG; isotypes: MEXU, ZEA .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Triniochloa villalpandoana is morphologically similar to T. talpensis but differs by having a short ligule (0.1–0.2 mm vs 1.5–2.5 mm), auricles present (vs absent in T. talpensis), a longer first glume (14–15.4 mm vs 7.5–13.6 mm), a longer second glume (18–19.8 mm vs 11–16.5 mm), a longer lemma (15–15.6 vs 11–14.5 mm), which is 5 - nerved (vs 7 - nerved).</p><p>Description</p><p>Perennial herbs with rhizomes 7–10 cm long, 2.5 mm in diameter, rhizome sheaths glabrous. Culms 45–90 cm tall, 1.5–2.0 mm in diameter at the base, woody, erect, glabrous. Sheaths shorter than the internode, connate except to the upper part, pubescent or glabrous, auricles hyaline 1–2 mm long, fragile and deciduous. Ligules scarlike 0.1–0.2 mm, thick. Blades 19–22 cm long, 2.5–4 mm wide, deciduous, abaxially pubescent, but mostly glabrous, adaxially sparsely pubescent. Panicles 14–22 cm long, 1 cm wide, erect, narrow, exserted, with 22–38 spikelets; panicle axis glabrous; lowest node 1–2 branched; branches adpressed, glabrous, slightly scabrous to the apex. Spikelets 18–19.8 mm long, 1 - flowered. Glumes unequal, hyaline. First glume 14–15.4 mm long, shorter than the spikelet, 1 - nerved. Second glume 18–19.8 mm long, the same size of the spikelet, 3 - nerved. Lemma 15–15.6 mm long, rounded dorsally, glabrous, 5 - nerved, the central converging at the middle to form the awn; apex bifid; awn 20–22 mm long, slightly geniculate; callus with hair up to 2.5 mm long. Palea 13–14.8 mm, glabrous, bifid. Stamen 3, anthers 5–5.2 mm long. Lodicules 2, rounded, connate ca 1 mm long. Caryopsis amber, 4.8 mm long, apex bifid.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>The species is endemic to Cerro de los Bailadores, Zapopan, Jalisco (Fig. 4). The mountain is located approximately 20 km northwest of the Guadalajara metropolitan area in a straight line.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>This species grows in oak-pine forests ( Quercus resinosa Liebm. and Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl.), which grow in rocky and humid ravines at elevations between 1640 and 2000 m.</p><p>Phenology</p><p>This species started flowering in November and fruiting in January.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet honours Ing. José Luis Villalpando Prieto, an agrostologist who taught the first author grass taxonomy. Ing. Villalpando did the most comprehensive flora of grasses for the Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna La Primavera, Jalisco.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment</p><p>Triniochloa villalpandoana is known only from a single location, with at least six subpopulations on Cerro de los Bailadores. This mountain is not a protected area in Jalisco. Four subpopulations have few individuals, and at the remaining two subpopulations more than 20–30 plants were observed. Triniochloa villalpandoana grows in rocky areas, making it inaccessible to cattle; the major threat to this species are wildfires. Wildfires are frequent during the dry season, but fortunately they do not occur every year. The last recorded wildfire occurred in 2020 (Toledo-Jaime et al. 2024), and numerous burned trees were observed around the sampling subpopulations. It is likely that rhizomes aid in plant survival after fire, as long as fire intensity remains relatively low. Additionally, two invasive African grass species, Andropogon gayanus Kunth and Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv., were found close to the sampling sites, endangering their persistence. On this basis, T. villalpandoana should be preliminarily considered Critically Endangered: CR C 2 a (i) (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024).</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>MEXICO – Jalisco • Zapopan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.62241&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79415" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.62241/lat 20.79415)">Cerro de los Bailadores</a>, dentro de cañada con exposición norte; 20°47’38.94”N, 103°37’20.68”W; 1774 m; 2 Nov. 2025; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 894; IBUG • same data as preceding; 4 Nov. 2025; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 899; IBUG • same data as preceding; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 900; IBUG • same data as preceding; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 901; IBUG • same data as preceding; 8 Nov. 2025; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 905; IBUG • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.62231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.797922" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.62231/lat 20.797922)">Cerro de los Bailadores</a>, cañada debajo de la cima del cerro; 20°47’52.52”N, 103°37’20.31”W; 1874 m; 27 Nov. 2025; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 959; IBUG • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.62637&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.796028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.62637/lat 20.796028)">Cerro de los Bailadores</a>, casi en la cima del cerro; 20°47’45.70”N, 103°37’34.94”W; 1948 m; 30 Nov. 2025; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez, A. Zabalgoitia-Ibarra &amp; L. Perez-Garcia 972; IBUG • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.62169&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.78699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.62169/lat 20.78699)">Cerro de los Bailadores</a>, dentro de cañada húmeda y sombreada; 20°47’13.16”N, 103°37’18.08”W; 1643 m; 8 Dec. 2025; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez 978; IBUG • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.62637&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.796028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.62637/lat 20.796028)">Cerro de los Bailadores</a>, casi en la cima del cerro; 20°47’45.70”N, 103°37’34.94”W; 1948 m; 9 Jan. 2026; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; L. Perez-Garcia 988; IBUG • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.6219&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.80253" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.6219/lat 20.80253)">Cerro de los Bailadores</a>, cañada exposición norte del cerro; 20°48’09.11”N, 103°37’18.84”W; 1957 m; 9 Jan. 2026; fl.; E. Ruiz-Sanchez &amp; L. Perez-Garcia 994; IBUG • Cerro de los Bailadores; 11 Nov. 2012; fl.; M. Leyva 258; IBUG .</p><p>Notes</p><p>Since the type collection at the Zimapán mine in 1995, no one had recorded Triniochloa talpensis again. A sterile specimen, A. Zabalgoitia-Ibarra &amp; E. Grano 1391 (IBUG), was collected in December 2025 at the type locality. Later, in May 2026 —34 years after the type collection — a new flowering specimen (L. M. González-Villarreal &amp; J. A. Pérez de la Rosa 5915, IBUG) was collected in the same locality. Triniochloa villalpandoana flowers from November to January, whereas T. talpensis flowers from February to May, so the two species differ in flowering time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0FD3DB8FA165F8A8AF46A7D90A519FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo;Zabalgoitia-Ibarra, Alejandro;Perez-Garcia, Luz	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Zabalgoitia-Ibarra, Alejandro, Perez-Garcia, Luz (2026): Morphological and molecular evidence for a new endemic species of Triniochloa (Poaceae) from Jalisco, Mexico. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (3): 599-606, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.204621
