taxonID	type	description	language	source
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	diagnosis	Tibouchina oreophila Wurdack affinis, foliis supra scabris pilis uncinatis obsitis similis, sed connectivo sub anthera glabra differt. Tibouchina radula Markgraf aeque affinis, foliis scabri et connectivo sub anthera glandulosa similis, sed foliis supra dense strigose cum pilis base bullato ramoso et subtus sericeo differt.	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Mun. Pancas, Serra do Mutum Preto, elev. 750 m, 7 March 2003, C. N. Fraga; H. Q. Boudet Fernandes & R. R. Vervloet 962 (holotype: MBML!; isotypes: K!, CEPEC!, NY!, RB!, UPCB!).	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	description	Shrub 3 m tall; stems, branches, petioles, inflorescences, hypanthium, calyx lobes and ovary apex scabrous, densely covered by short strigose trichomes; stems and young branches 4 - angled. Leaves opposite; petioles 1 – 2.5 cm, cylindrical, reddish on young leaves; blades 3 – 10 × 2 – 5.5 cm, rounded or ovate, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, apex obtuse sometimes retuse, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 7 - nerved, external pair marginal, venation prominent on the abaxial surface and impressed on the adaxial surface, adaxial surface strigose, trichomes bulla-based, conical, abaxial surface with strigose trichomes on transverse veins and stellate trichomes above the reticulation, both kinds of trichomes white when fresh and yellowish when dried. Thyrses ca. 20 cm long, terminal, erect; bracteoles caducous, 2.5 – 3 × 1.5 – 2 mm, green, lanceolate, symmetrical, concave, apex acute, adaxial surface densely covered with strigose trichomes, abaxial surface glabrous. Flowers 5 - merous, subsessile, pedicels 1 – 1.5 mm long.; hypanthium 4.5 – 5 × 4 – 4.5 mm, green with reddish trichomes in fresh flowers; calyx lobes 4.5 – 5 × 2.5 – 3 mm, lanceolate, asymmetric, apex acute, glabrous abaxially, densely covered with white to reddish trichomes at the base and along central vein adaxially, margins ciliate, caducous in fruit; petals 18 – 20 × 18 – 20 mm, obovate, apex truncate, margin shortly ciliate, purple and white at the base, changing to red later; stamens 10, dimorphic, filaments cream, covered with glandular trichomes at the base, antesepalous 4 – 5 mm long and antepetalous 3 – 3.5 mm long, connective prolonged ca. 1 mm long, antesepalous covered with reddish glandular trichomes and antepetalous glabrous, anthers subulate, 3 – 3.5 mm long, antesepalous purple, with reddish glands on the connective, antepetalous cream, with an apical ventrally inclined pore; ovary 5 - celled, half inferior; style sigmoid, covered with glandular trichomes at the basal half, stigma truncate. Capsule 5 – 5.6 × 4.5 – 5 mm, globose; seeds 0.26 – 0.35 mm long, 0.39 – 0.45 mm diam., numerous, cochleate, testa tuberculate.	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet honors Maria Osmarina Marina Silva Vaz de Lima, Brazil’s Environment Minister from 2003 to 2008, who played an important role on the creation and maintenance of protected natural areas in Brazil.	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — The new species is endemic to the municipality of Pancas from ca. 750 m elevation, Espírito Santo, Brazil (fig. 3). This region is characterized by granitic and gneissic inselbergs, which rise more or less abruptly above the surrounding landscape dominated by the Tropical Semideciduous Forest. The habitat of P. marinana is characterized by rather sparse vegetation, with thickets of shrubs among an herbaceous layer that usually dries in the dry season (Fig. 2).	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — The new species is endemic, and its populations are represented by scattered individuals, with EOO estimated as 0.04 km 2, and AOO estimated as 8 km 2. All populations were found outside protected areas, in an region prone to the effects of human activity (livestock raising, agriculture, and commercial granite exploitation). This species is also prone to the effects of stochastic events, within very near future, and must be included in the vulnerable category [VU D 2].	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	materials_examined	Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Municipality of Pancas, Serra do Mutum Preto, 785 m, 30 October 2003, C. N. Fraga, B. R. Silva, A. P. Fontana & R. R. Vervloet 1080 (MBML, RB). Idem, Pedra da Colina, 768 m, 18 January 2008, V. F. Mansano, E. F. Guimarães, F. Filardi, L. Araújo & G. Haiden 536 (RB). Idem, Pedra da Colina, 19 ° 13 ’ 51 ” S, 40 ° 52 ’ 35 ” W, 700 m, 12 March 2010, D. P. Saraiva, J. Silva, K. V. Hmeljeviski, R. C. Forzza 35 (MBML, UPCB). Idem, Serra do Alto Mutum Preto, Pedra da Colina, “ caminho para a rampa de vôo livre ”, 19 ° 13 ’ 51 ” S, 40 ° 52 ’ 35 ” W, 765 m, 13 April 2013, C. N. Fraga, H. C. Lima, R. Gribel & M. Lemes 3500 (CEPEC, HUEFS, K, MBML, NY, RB, SPF).	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDEFFA8FF295B269B334A19.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Pleroma marinana can be distinguished by the stellate trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface and the presence of dimorphic stamens. Tibouchina radula Markgraf (1930 [1927]: 49) and T. oreophila Wurdack (1981: 305) are closely related. Tibouchina radula also occurs at Espírito Santo inselbergs from 1000 to 1300 m elevation, while T. oreophila occurs in Bahia, on the rocky outcrops of Pico das Almas, at 1400 – 1800 m elevation (Guimarães 1997; Freitas 2011). Tibouchina radula has stamens similar to those of P. marinana but is distinguished by the strigose bulla-based, roughened, and branched trichomes on its adaxial leaf surface, whereas T. oreophila has the adaxial leaf indument very similar to that of P. marinana but is distinguished by its isomorphic glabrous stamens. These two species also differ from T. marinana by the indument of their abaxial leaf surface, with uncinate dendritic trichomes in T. oreophila and short and sericeous ones in T. radula. The abaxial leaf surface in P. marinana is densely covered with stellate trichomes between the transverse nerves and by strigose trichomes on the other nerves.	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	diagnosis	Tibouchina formosa Cogniaux affinis, foliis indumento stellatis similis, sed connectivo sub anthera glabra differt; Tibouchina bahiensis Wurdack aeque affinis, foliis subtus pilis stellatis et connectivo sub anthera glandulosa similis, sed foliis supra pilis barbellato-ciliolatis et inflorescentia erecta differt; Pleroma heteromalla affinis, foliis supra indumento sericeis et subtus velutinis, pilis simplex differt.	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Mun. Pancas, Serra do Mutum Preto, 750 m, 7 March 1999, C. N. Fraga, H. Q. B. Fernandes & R. R. Vervloet 965 (holotype: MBML!; isotypes: NY!, RB!, UPCB!).	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	description	Shrub ca. 1 m, stems, branches, petioles, leaf surfaces, inflorescences, hypanthium, calyx lobes and ovary apex densely covered by short stellate trichomes; stems and young branches 4 - angled, occasionally winged, arching apically when flowering. Leaves opposite; petioles 0.4 – 1 cm, cylindrical, reddish in fresh material and dark green in dry material; blades 5 – 10 × 2 – 5.5 cm, ovate-oblong, base rounded, margins entire, apex acute, chartaceous, 5 - nerved, with a pair of marginal nerves, venation prominent and reddish in fresh material on abaxial surface, impressed on adaxial surface, stellate trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface, evenly distributed on abaxial surface. Thyrses 6.5 – 8 cm long, terminal, pendulous on the top of the apically arching stems; bracteoles 3.5 – 4.5 × 1.8 – 2.3 mm, reddish, symmetrical, concave, lanceolate, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial surface covered with small stellate trichomes, sometimes caducous. Flowers 5 - merous, pedicellate, pedicels 1 – 2 mm long; hypanthium 2.5 – 3.3 × 1.7 – 2.3 mm, green-vinaceous with reddish stellate trichomes in fresh material; calyx lobes 2.7 – 4 × 1.5 – 2.3 mm, lanceolate, asymmetric, apex acute, margin ciliate, caducous in fruit; petals 5.8 – 7.2 × 4.8 – 5.5 mm, purple in fresh material, spatulate to obovate, apex truncate, margins shortly ciliate; stamens 10, dimorphic, filaments light-violet, glabrous, antesepalous 2.7 – 3.6 mm long and antepetalous 2.5 – 3.2 mm long, connective prolonged 0.6 mm long, with small ventral appendages covered with long-stalked glands, anthers subulate, apex attenuate with apical pore ventrally inclined, glabrous, antesepalous 2.2 – 2.8 mm, cream, and antepetalous 2.7 – 3.2 mm long, lightviolet; ovary 5 - celled, half inferior, style curved at apex with trichomes at the base, stigma truncate. Capsule 3.5 – 5 × 2.7 – 5 mm, globose; seeds ca. 5 × 3 mm, brown, numerous, cochleate, testa tuberculate.	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species epithet alludes to the most visible character, the pendulous inflorescences on the top of the apically arching stems.	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Pleroma penduliflora is known from 170 - 785 m elevation, inhabiting vegetation patches on inselbergs in the Tropical Semideciduous Forest, in the municipalities of Pancas and Águia Branca, Espírito Santo, Brazil (Fig. 3). The habitat of this species is very similar to Pleroma marinana (Fig. 2).	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	conservation	Conservation: — The new species is endemic, with populations represented by scattered individuals, and with EOO estimated as 222.74 km 2, and AOO estimated as 20 km 2. All populations were found outside protected areas, in an area prone to the effects of human activity (livestock raising, agriculture, and commercial granite exploitation). Due to the apparent restricted distribution and potential impacts on their populations, this species may be considered as endangered [EN B 1 b (i, ii, iii) c (i, ii)].	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	materials_examined	Paratypes: — Brazil. Espírito Santo: Municipality of Águia Branca, Córrego Taquaral, “ propriedade do Sr. José Rocha ”, 18 ° 59 ’ 12.2 ” S, 40 ° 41 ’ 49.7 ” W, 211 m, 11 May 2008, R. Goldenberg, A. P. Fontana, C. N. Fraga & C. Esgario 1150 (CEPEC, HUEFS, K, MBML, NY, RB, SPF, UPCB). Idem, Santa Luzia, “ property of Ciro Ferreira ”, 18 ° 58 ’ 28 ” S, 40 ° 39 ’ 43 ” W, 250 – 450 m, 18 May 2007, V. Demuner, T. Cruz, R. R. Vervloet & E. Bausen 3983 (MBML). Idem, 18 ° 58 ’ 40.5 ” S, 40 ° 39 ’ 56.1 ” W, 170 - 600 m, 27 April 2006, V. Demuner, L. F. S. Magnago, T. Cruz & E. Bausen 2290 (MBML, NY, RB, UPCB). Idem, Pedra da Bandeira, 26 April 2008, L. Kollmann, A. P. Fontana, E. Leme & M. Zanoni 10933 (MBML, RB). Idem, 26 April 2008, L. Kollmann, A. P. Fontana, E. Leme & M. Zanoni 10924 (MBML, UPCB, RB). Idem, Rochedo, “ property of Arlindo Breda ”, 18 ° 56 ’ 42 ” S, 40 ° 48 ’ 01 ” W, 450 – 550 m, 7 June 2006, V. Demuner, L. F. S. Magnago, T. Cruz & E. Bausen 2441 (K, MBML, NY, RB, UPCB). Municipality of Pancas, Serra do Mutum Preto 750 m, 7 March 1999, C. N. Fraga, H. Q. B. Fernandes & R. R. Vervloet 959 (CEPEC, K, MBML, NY, RB, UPCB); Serra do Mutum Preto, 785 m, 30 October 2003, C. N. Fraga, B. R. Silva, A. P. Fontana & R. R. Vervloet 1082 (MBML, RB). Idem, Pedra da Colina, “ caminho para a rampa de vôo livre ”, 19 ° 13 ’ 51 ” S, 40 ° 52 ’ 35 ” W, 12 March 2010, D. P. Saraiva, J. Silva, K. V. Hmeljeviski & R. C. Forzza 40 (MBML, UPCB). Ibidem, 19 ° 13 ’ 51 ” S, 40 ° 52 ’ 35 ” W, 765 m, 13 April 2013, C. N. Fraga, H. C. Lima, R. Gribel & M. Lemes 3505 (CEPEC, HUEFS, K, MBML, NY, RB, SPF).	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
DB753246FFDBFFAAFF295FB19BB54ED5.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Pleroma penduliflora is easily recognizable by its stamens dimorphic in size and with connective appendages covered with long-stalked glands, adaxial leaf surfaces with stellate trichomes and by the pendulous inflorescences. The new species is similar to Tibouchina formosa Cogniaux (1885: 348), Tibouchina bahiensis Wurdack (1980: 321) and Pleroma heteromalla (D. Don) D. Don (1823: 295). Tibouchina bahiensis Wurdack (1980: 321) is similar to P. penduliflora due to the shape and indumentum of the stamens and the stellate trichomes on the abaxial surface. However, the trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface in T. bahiensis are strigose, bulla-based, roughened, and branched (vs. stellate trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface, evenly distributed on abaxial surface). Tibouchina formosa Cogniaux (1885: 348) has the base of the stellate trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface as in P. penduliflora. However, its leaves are smaller, ca. 5 cm long (vs. 5 – 10 cm in P. penduliflora), and the stamens have long and glabrous appendages on the connective (vs. stamens with glands on the connective appendages). While P. heteromalla is similar to P. penduliflora due to the dimorphic stamens with glandular trichomes in the filaments and connective appendages, and the short style and curved at the apex. However, its leaves have strigose-sericeous, bulla-based trichomes on its adaxial leaf surface, and velutinous, not stellate trichomes on its abaxial leaf surface (vs. stellate trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface, evenly distributed on abaxial surface).	en	Fraga, Claudio Nicoletti De, Guimarães, Paulo José Fernandes (2014): Two new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. Phytotaxa 166 (1): 77-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.166.1.5
