identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DB7587E7FF98FFE8FF4FFC389F00F272.text	DB7587E7FF98FFE8FF4FFC389F00F272.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyptothorax sentimereni Praveenraj & Vijayakrishnan 2026	<div><p>Glyptothorax sentimereni</p><p>(Figures 1, 2, 3a)</p><p>Holotype. ZSI/APRC/V/P 2564, 79.4 mm SL; India: Nagaland, Mokokchung District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.388885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.335556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.388885/lat 26.335556)">Dikhu River</a>; 26°20’08”N, 94°23’20”E; Limaakum, 15 January 2022.</p><p>Paratypes. CIARI/FF-120, 2 ex., 80.1–82.0 mm SL, (82.0 mm SL, cleared and stained for osteology), same data as holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis. Glyptothorax sentimereni can be distinguished from all congeners of the Brahmaputra River, except G. pantherinus, G. pongoensis, G. punyabratai, G. radiolus, G. rupiri, G. striatus and G. hymavatiae in having (vs. lacking) plicate ventral surface of pectoral-fin spine, and first pelvic-fin ray (Fig. 2). It differs from G. rupiri, G. punyabratai and G. hymavatiae in having thoracic adhesive apparatus completely encinctured by striae (vs. open caudally), longer dorsal-fin spine (13.7–16.1 vs. 9.8–12.5% SL), and longer dorsal-fin base (12.0–13.1 vs. 8.7– 10.8% SL); from G. pantherinus in lacking (vs. having) irregular blotches on dorso-lateral surface of body, longer adipose-fin base (12.8–15.0 vs. 10.8–11.8% SL) and longer post-adipose distance (20.8–22.2 vs. 10.7–15.2% SL); from both G. radiolus and G. striatus in having deeper body (17.1–19.6 vs. 11.0–15.4% SL), serrated (vs. smooth) posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine, and thoracic adhesive apparatus completely encinctured by striae (vs. open caudally). Glyptothorax sentimereni differs from G. pongoensis in having rhomboidal thoracic adhesive apparatus with a triangular central depression (vs. ovate leaf shaped with subulate central depression) (Fig. 3), serrated (vs. rugose) posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine, longer anal-fin base (16.4–20.3 vs. 12.3–14.3% SL), and slender interorbital (23.6–26.0 vs. 27.0–31.4% SL).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data in Table 1. Head depressed; body subcylindrical. Dorsal profile rising evenly from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, then sloping gently ventrally from origin of dorsal fin to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile slightly convex up to anal-fin base, then sloping gently dorsally from anal-fin base to end of caudal peduncle. Anus and urogenital openings located at vertical through middle of adpressed pelvic fin. Skin prominently tuberculate, with ovoid tubercles particularly visible on sides of body. Lateral line complete and midlateral. Vertebrae 17+19=36 (1).</p><p>Head depressed, slightly longer than broad, triangular when viewed laterally. Snout prominent, convex dorsally. Anterior and posterior nares large and separated only by base of nasal barbel. Eyes small, rounded, placed anterodorsally at middle of head length. Gill opening broad, extending from immediately ventral to post-temporal to isthmus. First branchial arch with 2+7 (1) rakers. Bony elements of dorsal surface of head covered with thick, tuberculate skin. Barbels in four pairs. Maxillary barbel long and slender, extending to middle of pectoral-fin base. Nasal barbel slender, extending to midway between its base and anterior orbital margin. Inner mandibular barbel extending till isthmus. Outer mandibular barbel longer than inner, reaching gill opening. Mouth inferior, premaxillary tooth band almost wholly exposed when mouth is closed. Mouth inferior, lips broad, papillated, upper jaw longer than lower, premaxillary tooth band exposed partially with mouth closed. Oral teeth small, villiform borne on all tooth-bearing surfaces, palate edentate. Premaxillary teeth arranged in two broad semi-lunate band. Dentary teeth in two crescentic patches separated at midline by narrow gap.</p><p>Thoracic adhesive apparatus consisting of keratinized striae in rhomboidal field (Fig. 3a) extending from isthmus to posterior limit of pectoral-fin base with prominent, ovoid central depression. Anteromedial striae absent. No medial pit devoid of striae. Dorsal fin located above anterior third of body, with I,6* (3) rays; fin margin concave; spine short and gently curved, anterior margin smooth, posterior margin with 9* serrations. Adipose fin with anterior and posterior margin straight. Caudal fin strongly forked, ventral lobe slightly longer than dorsal lobe and i,7,8,i* (3) principal rays. Procurrent rays symmetrical and extending only slightly anterior to fin base. Anal-fin base anterior to adipose-fin origin.Anal fin with straight anterior margin and slightly concave posterior margin; with iv,8* (2) or iv,9 (1) rays. Pelvic-fin origin immediately posterior to vertical through posterior end of dorsal-fin base. Pelvic fin with slightly convex margin and i,5* (3) rays; tip of adpressed fin not reaching anal-fin origin. Pectoral fin with i,10*,i (3) rays reaching slightly posterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin; posterior fin margin slightly concave; anterior spine margin smooth, posterior margin with 13* serrations.</p><p>Colouration in life. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and body amber, and fins appearing darker.</p><p>Colouration in preservative. Ventral surfaces of head and body yellowish-cream. Distinct pale mid-dorsal stripe on dorsal surface of body, and midlateral stripe running from behind opercle to base of caudal fin. Laterosensory line along lateral line light yellowish-cream against amber. All fins with diffuse melanophores on membranes. Dorsal, pectoral, anal and pelvic fins with yellowish base, followed by gray middle band and distally hyaline margin. Adipose fin amber with light gray distal margin. Caudal fin amber, with black basal margins. Dorsal part of maxillary and nasal barbels brown with melanophores, beige ventrally. Mandibular barbels beige.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Glyptothorax sentimereni is currently known only from the Dikhu River (a Brahmaputra tributary) in the Mokokchung District, Nagaland, Northeast India. The type locality during the month of January 2022 had a water depth of 0.5 m, with numerous boulders and rocky substratum (Fig. 4). Co-occurring species include Pethia dikhuensis, Balitora sp., Garra sp., Mustura sp., and Lepidocephalichthys sp.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Sentimeren, son of late Limaakum, who collected the type series, but unfortunately passed away before the study began; honouring one among his last wishes.</p><p>Glyptothorax sentimereni – comparisons with congeners in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin</p><p>Since it is widely recognized that Glyptothorax species are restricted to two or three adjacent river drainages or watersheds at most (Ng &amp; Kottelat 2016, 2017), we compare Glyptothorax sentimereni only with species with plicate ventral surface of pectoral-fin spine, and first pelvic-fin ray, known from the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin.</p><p>In addition to the species mentioned in the diagnosis, six species of Glyptothorax from Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin are known to possess plicate ventral surface of pectoral-fin spine, and first pelvic-fin ray viz., G. brevipinnis, G. pectinopterus, G. conirostris, G. dakpathari, G. bhurainu and G. himalaicus,. Glyptothorax sentimereni differs from both G. brevipinnis and G. pectinopterus in possessing serrated (vs. smooth) posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine, longer thoracic adhesive apparatus reaching (vs. not reaching) posterior limit of pectoral-fin base and slender caudal peduncle (8.4–9.0% SL vs. 10.1–18.0); from G. conirostris and G. himalaicus in having thoracic adhesive apparatus completely encinctured by striae (vs. open caudally), lacking (vs. having) medial pit, and further from G. conirostris in lacking (vs. having) anteromedial striae of the thoracic adhesive apparatus, and from G. himalaicus in lacking (vs. having) irregular blotches on dorso-lateral surface of body. It differs from G. dakpathari in having rhomboid (vs. ovate) shaped thoracic adhesive apparatus, longer anal-fin base (16.4–20.3% SL vs. 12.1–12.9) and wider and deeper head (20.3–22.0% SL vs. 15.0–18.2 and 16.5–17.0% SL vs. 9.8–13.5), and from G. bhurainu in having rhomboid (vs. elliptical) shaped thoracic adhesive apparatus with ovoid (vs. spindle) shaped central depression and deeper body (17.1–19.6 vs. 13.6–14.6% SL).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB7587E7FF98FFE8FF4FFC389F00F272	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Praveenraj, Jayasimhan;Vijayakrishnan, Balaji	Praveenraj, Jayasimhan, Vijayakrishnan, Balaji (2026): New species of the genera Glyptothorax (Teleostei: Sisoridae) and Oreichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Nagaland, Northeast India. Zootaxa 5763 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.5
DB7587E7FF9FFFE7FF4FF9B09F00F177.text	DB7587E7FF9FFFE7FF4FF9B09F00F177.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreichthys elianae Praveenraj & Vijayakrishnan 2026	<div><p>Oreichthys elianae</p><p>(Figures 5, 6)</p><p>Holotype. ZSI/APRC/V/P 2565, 25.4 mm SL; Nagaland, Mokochung District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.351974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.497417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.351974/lat 26.497417)">Tsurang River</a> at Medemyim Village; 26°29'50.7"N 94°21'07.1"E; Limaakum, 13 April 2024.</p><p>Paratypes. ZSI/APRC/V/P 2566, 21.1–24.1 mm SL; CIARI/FF-119, 1 ex., 21.8 mm SL, cleared and stained for osteology, same data as holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis. Oreichthys elianae can be readily distinguished from O. cosuatis, O. andrewi, O. warjaintia and O. parvus in having a prominent, large black blotch on caudal-fin base (vs. absent in O. cosuatis &amp; O. andrewi, and small blotch in O. warjaintia &amp; O. parvus), and absence (vs. presence) of a black spot on the anal fin. It further differs from O. cosuatis in having fewer branched rays on pelvic fin (8 vs. 9–10), fewer scales in longitudinal series (19 + 1 vs. 19–21 + 2), and deeper caudal peduncle (21.9–31.8 vs. 13.8–14.6% SL); from O. andrewi and O. warjaintia in having incomplete (vs. complete) lateral line and fewer scales in longitudinal series (19 + 1 vs. 30 + 1 in O. andrewi and 25–27 + 1–2 in O. warjaintia); and from O. parvus in having fewer pored lateral-line scales (5 vs. 9–10), and greater number of pores on cheek (14–15 vs. 9–10). It differs from O. crenuchoides in having greater number of pre-dorsal scales (9 vs. 7), presence (vs. absence) of a distinct concave notch on predorsal profile, bright red (vs. yellow) dorsal, ventral and anal fins, concave (vs. convex) dorsoposterior margin of dorsal fin, and deeper caudal peduncle (21.9–31.8 vs. 16.6–18.2% SL).</p><p>Description. Body slender, laterally compressed, its dorsal profile arched with distinct hump at nape, ventral profile convex. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin, its depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin with two simple and 8½ branched rays, its posterior margin concave, its height equal to body depth in male and 1/ 3 in female. Pelvic reaching anal fin origin with one unbranched and nine branched rays; anal fin immediately behind anal opening with two unbranched and 5½ branched rays, not reaching caudal-fin base; pectoral fin reaching beyond pelvic fin origin with one simple and 13 branched rays. Caudal fin deeply forked, its lobes subequal, with 19 (1+9+8+1) rays. Lateral line incomplete, with 5 pored and 14 non-pored scales on body, plus 1 pored scale on base of caudal fin. Predorsal scales nine; scales in transverse line on body ½4/1/2½. Circumpeduncular scales 12. Gill rakers absent. Head small, its length almost equal to body depth, its dorsal profile ascending with indentation at nape. Eyes large, placed forward, their diameter almost equal to snout length. Mouth small, oblique, lips thin, lower jaw shorter than upper jaw, angle of gape reaching behind anterior margin of eye orbit, barbels absent. Snout blunt, devoid of tubercles. Nostrils closer to eye than snout tip. Fourteen to fifteen rows of papillae present on sub-orbital and extending onto pre-opercle. Caudal peduncle slender, its length between 1 and 1½ times its depth.</p><p>Colouration in life. Body pale yellowish-brown, becoming slightly reddish-brown dorsally and fading to pale yellowish-white ventrally. Opercle with faint golden sheen. Scale margins bordered by melanophores. Dorsal surface of head and snout golden-yellow, ventral side silvery. Dorsal, pelvic, anal and caudal fins red, immediately losing colour when stressed. Apical portion of first 4 dorsal-fin rays wine-red, with with a black spot on distal end. Caudal-fin base with iridescent turquoise-blue ovoid spot, 3–4 scales wide. Humeral blotch black on 5 th perforated scales. No visible sexual dimorphism.</p><p>Colouration in preservative. Body yellowish-cream, head greyish. All fins hyaline. Lateral and dorsal scales with melanophores at base, forming a crescent-shaped black bar, margins of scale darker than centre, forming a reticulate pattern on body. Caudal-fin base with black blotch, 3–4 scales wide. Humeral blotch faint black, covering 3 rd to 5 th perforated scales.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Oreichthys elianae is currently known only from the Longpha River, a small tributary of Tsurang River (a Brahmaputra tributary) in Mokokchung District, Nagaland, Northeast India. The habitat consists of muddy water with silty bottom, and surrounding riparian vegetation (Fig. 7). Co-occurring species include Pethia sp., and Devario sp.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Eliana, daughter of Late Limaakum, who collected the type series, but unfortunately passed away before the study began; honouring one among his last wishes.</p><p>Oreichthys elianae – Comparisons with congeners in Western Ghats</p><p>Members of the genus Oreichthys are distributed across India, particularly in the eastern and northeastern regions, and the southern peninsula. A single species, O. parvus, is also known from south-east Asia (Smith, 1933). Three species of Oreichthys are known from the Western Ghats, a biogeographic region located at distance of over 2,000 km from the type locality of O. elianae . These three species are O. coorgensis, O. duospilus, and O. incognito . Oreicihthys elianae can be differentiated from these three species in having fewer scales in longitudinal series (19 + 1 vs. 21–23 + 1–2), and more branched rays on pectoral fin (13–14 vs. 10–11). It further differs from O. coorgensis in lacking (vs. having) a black bar on anal fin, and greater number of predorsal scales (9 vs. 6–7); from O. duospilus in having fewer pored lateral-line scales (5 vs. 11–21) and lacking (vs. having) a black spot on anal fin; and from O. incognito in having more predorsal scales (9 vs. 8), and more scales in transverse row (½3/1/2½ vs. ½3/1/1½).</p><p>Nagaland lies at the confluence of Himalayan and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots. This region's remarkable diversity stems directly from its complex geological past, including the Tertiary collision of the Indian plate with Asia, which uplifted the Tibetan Plateau and induced significant climatic changes, drainage shifts, and tectonic disturbances (Brookfield, 2008). These events, further affected by lateral and vertical movements, and phenomena such as river capture, shaped the current river basins of the Indo-Burma Hotspot and the eastern part of the Himalayas (formerly the Eastern Himalaya Hotspot), two global biodiversity hotspots (Mittermeier et al. 2004; Allen et al. 2012). The linkage between freshwater fish distributions and the evolutionary patterns of these basins highlights how vicariance and dispersal have impacted contemporary patterns of endemism and species richness in the region (Burridge et al. 2006, 2007). A comprehensive biogeographical analysis, encompassing these two regions, along with reconstructions of paleo-drainages, would bring to light the drivers of northeast India's fish biodiversity, which encompasses over 400 freshwater species across multiple families (Pandey &amp; Rameshori, 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB7587E7FF9FFFE7FF4FF9B09F00F177	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Praveenraj, Jayasimhan;Vijayakrishnan, Balaji	Praveenraj, Jayasimhan, Vijayakrishnan, Balaji (2026): New species of the genera Glyptothorax (Teleostei: Sisoridae) and Oreichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Nagaland, Northeast India. Zootaxa 5763 (2): 255-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.2.5
