identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
94E9AECB7C305B30A04745F890BBFBAA.text	94E9AECB7C305B30A04745F890BBFBAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lucanus apollon Kristl & Flocon 2026	<div><p>Lucanus apollon Kristl &amp; Flocon sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A – H, 2 A, 2 B, 3 A, 4 A – D, 5 A, 6 A – C, 7 D</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: GREECE • ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.98825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.018555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.98825/lat 38.018555)">Geraneia Mountains</a>, Corinthia, Pisia; 38°01'06.8"N, 22°59'17.7"E; alt. 550 m; 14 Jul. 2025; J. Kristl &amp; G. Flocon leg.; NHMW NHMW -ZOO-COL-0003342 . Paratypes: GREECE • 55 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.989416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.01914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.989416/lat 38.01914)">Geraneia Mountains</a>, Corinthia, Pisia; 38°01'08.9"N, 22°59'21.9"E with the collecting area extending up to 150 m SW and 150 m SSW of the coordinates; alt. 540–580 m; 04–08 Jul. 2025 and 13–17 Jul. 2025; J. Kristl &amp; G. Flocon leg.; 1 ♂ in GNHM, 23 ♂♂ in JKPC, 31 ♂♂ in GFPC .</p><p>Additional observations.</p><p>GREECE – Attica reg. • 1 ♂; Mt. Parnitha, 30 km NNE Athens, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.798721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.215363" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.798721/lat 38.215363)">Ippokratios Politia</a>; 38°12'55.3"N, 23°47'55.4"E; alt. 650 m; 10 Jul. 2025; documented by I. Linardaki (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/296834848) . – Euboea reg. • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.481222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.460835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.481222/lat 38.460835)">Mt. Messapio</a>, 3.5 km SE Loukissia; 38°27'39.0"N, 23°28'52.4"E; alt. 760 m; 23 Jun. 2022; documented by Spi Ros (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152776008) .</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Lucanus apollon sp. nov. is most similar to L. busignyi (Planet, 1909) in its glossy dorsal surface but differs in having a bifid mandibular apex, which is simple in L. busignyi . L. apollon sp. nov. differs from L. ibericus Motschulsky, 1845, and L. macrophyllus Kraatz, 1860 by its glossy dorsal surface, whereas the latter two possess a dull dorsal surface. Lucanus apollon sp. nov. can be distinguished from all three species by having an aedeagus with stout parameres, whereas the other species possess more slender ones. The diagnostic characters distinguishing L. apollon sp. nov. from the compared species are summarised in Table 1.</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>♂ (Figs 1 A, 1 B, 2 A, 2 B, 3 A, 4 A – D, 5 A, 6 A – C). Body length: 43.5 mm. Length of body parts: head (7.3 mm), mandible (7.4 mm), pronotum (7.3 mm), elytra (22.1 mm); width: head (11.4 mm), pronotum (13.3 mm), elytra (16.0 mm).</p><p>Habitus (Figs 1 A, 1 B, 2 A, 2 B). Body colour reddish-brown, dorsally glossy and without pubescence, ventrally with fine pubescence; femora and tibiae appear dark reddish on the dorsal and ventral sides.</p><p>Head. Transverse. Anterior ridge weakly defined. Lateral ridges narrowed in the anterior half, forming very weak, rounded, obtuse posterolateral angles. Canthus (Fig. 3 A) very thin, projecting 2 / 5 over the eye. Clypeolabrum (Figs 1 A, 2 A) transverse, apically rounded, with paired acute apicolateral projections slightly upcurved, fused with frons. Mandible (Figs 1 A, 2 A, 3 A) approximately as long as head, semicircular, incurved; apex bifid, distal tine longer than proximal tine; inner margin with prominent median tooth located at midlength of the mandible, two unequally sized denticles below the median tooth, and two denticles between the median tooth and the apical fork. Antennal club (Fig. 3 A) hexamerous, with antennomeres 5–10 prominently elongated; antennomere four slightly elongated and acute.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 1 A, 2 A). Transverse, 1.8 times wider than long, slightly wider than head, widest at posterior 1 / 3. Anterior margin bisinuate, anterior angles slightly rounded; lateral angles obtuse; posterior margin bisinuate, posterior angles obtuse yet pointed.</p><p>Scutellar shield (Figs 1 A, 2 A). Semicircular, 1.5 times wider than long.</p><p>Legs (Figs 1 A, 1 B, 2 A, 2 B). Protibiae each with 2–4 variably developed teeth along outer margin, excluding apical fork; apex bifurcate with acute branches, slightly curved outward. Mesotibiae and metatibiae each with three spines along outer margin.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 1 A, 2 A). Elongate, 1.4 times longer than wide, widest at basal 1 / 3.</p><p>Venter (Figs 1 B, 2 B). Prosternum and mesoventrite densely punctate, with very fine pubescence; prosternal process apically acute. Metaventrite densely punctate, with dense, conspicuous pubescence. Abdominal ventrites reddish-brown, densely punctate, with fine pubescence; posterior margin of each ventrite with a darker transverse band. Epipleura densely punctate, with fine pubescence.</p><p>Abdominal terminalia. Abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 4 A) falcate, with a small, obtuse projection at the midline. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 4 B) trapezoidal, with a T-shaped membranous area extending from the base along the midline to approximately half the tergite length. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 4 C, D) ovate.</p><p>Aedeagus. In dorsal view (Fig. 6 B) approximately 3.0 times longer than wide. Phallobase (Fig. 6 A – C) approximately 1.7 times longer than parameres. Parameres (Fig. 6 C) stout, with apices upcurved. Penis (Fig. 6 A) stout, approximately 0.7 times the length of the parameres. Flagellum (Fig. 5 A) approximately 2.8 times longer than aedeagus, apex of flagellum slender, not enlarged.</p><p>Variation of paratypes.</p><p>55 ♂♂ (Fig. 1 C – H). Body length: 30.6–47.0 mm. General morphology as in holotype, except for the following variation.</p><p>Habitus. Body colour ranging from light to dark reddish-brown; femora and tibiae varying from light reddish to dark reddish on the dorsal and ventral sides.</p><p>Head. Mandibular dentition variable, with some specimens lacking additional denticles below the median tooth, others bearing 1–2 denticles; number of denticles between the median tooth and the apical fork ranges from 1–3.</p><p>Legs. Protibiae each with 1–5 variably developed teeth along outer margin, excluding apical fork. Mesotibiae and metatibiae each with 2–3 spines along outer margin.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ apollon ” is a noun in apposition, referring to Apollo (Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn), the ancient Greek god associated with light, music, and the arts, in reference to its discovery in Greece.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Greece (Geraneia Mountains, Mount Parnitha, Mount Messapio).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Adults of Lucanus apollon sp. nov. were active between 21: 00 and 23: 00 h, with most activity occurring after nightfall. Some specimens were attracted to streetlights (Fig. 7 B), suggesting positive phototaxis. The specimens were observed in flight, on the ground, on tree trunks of Quercus ilex, Platanus orientalis, and Pinus halepensis, and within cavities in rock walls and Quercus coccifera . The habitat consists of a Mediterranean lowland to submontane Pinus forest dominated by Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex, Quercus coccifera, Platanus orientalis, and Arbutus andrachne (Fig. 7 A, C).</p><p>The beginning of July appears to mark the onset of adult activity, with 12 specimens observed between 4–8 July, whereas the highest number of active adults was recorded in mid-July, with 44 specimens observed between 13–17 July. Despite the presence of potential predators such as the hooded crow ( Corvus cornix), red fox ( Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat ( Felis catus) (Avgın and Thomaes 2014; Bardiani et al. 2017), no damaged specimens were observed. The only evidence of predation was a single damaged elytron.</p><p>The species coexists with Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linnaeus, 1758) and other saproxylic Coleoptera, including Mesoprionus besikanus (Fairmaire, 1855) and Oryctes nasicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) . No other species of Lucanus were found at the locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/94E9AECB7C305B30A04745F890BBFBAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kristl, Jonas;Flocon, Gaëtan	Kristl, Jonas, Flocon, Gaëtan (2026): A surprising discovery of a new Lucanus species from Corinthia, Greece (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 531-541, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.210225
0E53B3D80BAD5D4CB1919F0E8DA2F206.text	0E53B3D80BAD5D4CB1919F0E8DA2F206.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lucanus busignyi (Planet 1909)	<div><p>Lucanus busignyi (Planet, 1909)</p><p>Figs 2 E – F, 3 C, 4 I – L, 5 C, 6 G – I</p><p>Pseudolucanus busignyi Planet, 1909: 173 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>“ Asia minor ” [Turkey, Anatolia]</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>TURKEY • 4 ♂♂; Muğla Prov., Fethiye, Nif (Arpacık); alt. 950–1,000 m; Jul. 2021; local collector leg; 3 ♂♂ in JKPC, 1 ♂ in GFPC .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>SW Anatolia</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It occurs in habitats dominated by Quercus sp., Cedrus sp., and Platanus orientalis (Avgın and Thomaes 2014; Schenk and Fiedler 2020; Maik Petzold pers. comm. 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E53B3D80BAD5D4CB1919F0E8DA2F206	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kristl, Jonas;Flocon, Gaëtan	Kristl, Jonas, Flocon, Gaëtan (2026): A surprising discovery of a new Lucanus species from Corinthia, Greece (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 531-541, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.210225
DF4AB62F01D85D13A743CA3E3677AEAA.text	DF4AB62F01D85D13A743CA3E3677AEAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lucanus cervus subsp. turcicus Sturm 1843	<div><p>Lucanus cervus turcicus Sturm, 1843</p><p>Lucanus turcicus Sturm, 1843: 347 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>“Konstantinopel” [Turkey, Istanbul]</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>GREECE – East Macedonia and Thrace reg. • 1 ♂; Rhodope; 09 Jul. 2018; MZLU 00245798; previously misidentified as L. ibericus . – Central Macedonia reg. • 1 ♂; Chalkidiki, Ouranoupolis; 22 Jul. 1975; Kritscher leg.; NHMW NHMW -ZOO-COL-0085396; previously misidentified as L. tetraodon, H. Bomans, 1983 det .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>S to SE Balkan Peninsula</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>On Mount Ossa, Thessaly, Greece, adults of L. cervus turcicus were observed in Fagus forests at higher elevations between 500 and 600 m and in mixed Quercus forests at lower elevations, down to 100 m, in early June (pers. obs. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF4AB62F01D85D13A743CA3E3677AEAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kristl, Jonas;Flocon, Gaëtan	Kristl, Jonas, Flocon, Gaëtan (2026): A surprising discovery of a new Lucanus species from Corinthia, Greece (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 531-541, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.210225
479690ED6BE5581A826E3F6DDA399C5F.text	479690ED6BE5581A826E3F6DDA399C5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lucanus ibericus Motschulsky 1845	<div><p>Lucanus ibericus Motschulsky, 1845</p><p>Figs 2 C – D, 3 B, 4 E – H, 5 B, 6 D – F</p><p>Lucanus ibericus Motschulsky, 1845: 60 .</p><p>Lucanus curtulus Motschulsky, 1845: 60 .</p><p>Lucanus orientalis Kraatz, 1860: 269 .</p><p>Lucanus piger Motschulsky, 1870: 37 .</p><p>Lucanus intermedius Motschulsky, 1870: 41 .</p><p>Lucanus tenebrosus Motschulsky, 1870: 47 .</p><p>Lucanus ibericus capsica Semenov, 1901: 105 .</p><p>Lucanus ibericus ravasinii Schatzmeyer, 1923: 8 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>“ Géorgie ” [Georgia]</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>GEORGIA – Mtskheta–Mtianeti reg. • 2 ♂♂; 5 km W Mtskheta; 15 Jul. 2021; I. Uspenskyi leg.; JKPC . – Samtskhe–Javakheti reg. • 2 ♂♂; near Borjomi; 16 Jul. 2023; H. Demydov leg.; JKPC . RUSSIA – Stavropol reg. • 3 ♂♂; Pyatigorsk, Mashuk Mt.; alt. 500 m; 17 Jun. 2020; A. Tatulyan leg.; JKPC . • 10 ♂♂; Pyatigorsk, Beshtau Mt.; alt. 600 m; 18 Jun. 2020; A. Tatulyan leg.; GFPC . TURKEY • 2 ♂♂; Cappadocia, Nevşehir Prov., Göreme; 10–19 Jul. 2001; M. Vašek leg; JKPC .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Caucasus, NW to NE and C Anatolia, Greece (Lesbos)</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It occurs in habitats dominated by Fagus sp., Quercus sp., Carpinus betulus, and Platanus orientalis (Avgın and Thomaes 2014; Sürgüt and Varli 2023). The species is attracted to light (Avgın and Thomaes 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/479690ED6BE5581A826E3F6DDA399C5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kristl, Jonas;Flocon, Gaëtan	Kristl, Jonas, Flocon, Gaëtan (2026): A surprising discovery of a new Lucanus species from Corinthia, Greece (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 531-541, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.210225
30FBE17526C556F4812D2E228DF3A55C.text	30FBE17526C556F4812D2E228DF3A55C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lucanus macrophyllus Kraatz 1860	<div><p>Lucanus macrophyllus Kraatz, 1860</p><p>Figs 2 G – H, 3 D, 4 M – P, 5 D, 6 J – L</p><p>Lucanus macrophyllus Kraatz, 1860: 271 .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>“Caramanien” [Turkey, S Anatolia]</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>TURKEY – Antalya Prov. • 6 ♂♂; S Taurus Mts., 30 km NW Alanya; alt. 1,150 m; 20 Jul. 2001; M. Hiermeier leg.; 1 ♂ in JKPC, 5 ♂♂ in MEPC . – Muğla Prov. • 1 ♂; Yatağan; alt. 630 m; 13 Jul. 1984; P. Cult leg.; NHMW NHMW -ZOO-COL-0085395 . – Cilician Taurus • 1 ♂; date and collector unknown; historical specimen; NHMW NHMW -ZOO-COL-0002702 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>SW to SC Anatolia</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It occurs in habitats dominated by Quercus sp. (Jansson and Snäll 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30FBE17526C556F4812D2E228DF3A55C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kristl, Jonas;Flocon, Gaëtan	Kristl, Jonas, Flocon, Gaëtan (2026): A surprising discovery of a new Lucanus species from Corinthia, Greece (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (2): 531-541, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.210225
