taxonID	type	description	language	source
D4642731FFE2FF98FF48FD3FFE26BFC6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — referring to the swollen hyphae in the pileipellis. Holotype: — CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Menglian Co., Gongxin Town, Gongxin village, N 22 º 16 ′ 46.13 ′′ E 99 º 16 ′ 27.98 ′′, in broad-leaved forest with trees of Castanopsis and Lithocarpus, 05 Sept. 2021, coll. R. Wang, no. rml- 887 (KUN-HKAS 135134! GenBank: ITS PP 88746; gpd PP 898319; nuc-LSU PQ 273275; rpb 1 PQ 274843; rpb 2 PQ 274831; tef 1 PQ 274837). Diagnosis: — Different from all other species of L. sect. Deliciosi by the dry and waxy pileus and pileipellis with swollen thick-walled cells and lacking slimy layer. In addition, the azonate pileus and macrocystidia with thick golden brown contents can help to separate it from L. hatsudake. Basidiocarps medium-sized to big, stout. Pileus 69 – 100 mm in diam., center umbonate, margin applanate to slightly wavy, striate, shallowly infundibuliform when mature; surface dry, waxy, grayish pink often mixed with pale lilac tinge at the center, grayish purple towards the margin, azonate; context 3 mm thick, grayish purple, dull purple when bruised, with dark vinaceous red dots. Lamellae 4 – 5 mm broad, subdistant, short decurrent, grayish purple, dark purple when bruised, unchaning to green or bluish. Stipe 36 – 43 × 10 – 17 mm, central, equal or slightly tapering downwards, hollow; surface smooth, dry, paler than the lamellae. Latex scanty, dark vinaceous red, unchanging. Spore print unknown. Basidiospores (40 / 2 / 1) (5.5) 6.0 – 6.5 – 7.5 (8.0) × 5.0 – 5.5 – 6.0 (6.5) μm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid [Q = (1.14) 1.16 – 1.24 (1.25), Q = 1.21 ± 0.06], ornamentation up to 1.0 μm high, composed of long ridges partially connected, not forming a reticulum, closed meshes and isolated warts rare; plage not amyloid. Basidia 40 – 52 × 8 – 10 μm, clavate, 4 - spored. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, 42 – 90 × 6 – 14 μm, base originating from subhymenium, fusiform, clavate, with a blunt apex, filled with thick golden-brown contents, contents thicker at the middle upper part. Hymenial pseudocystidia abundant, 2 – 4 μm broad, with golden-brown contents. Lamella edge sterile; cheilomacrocystidia common, 27 – 60 × 5 – 10 μm, clavate with a blunt apex, filled with golden-brown contents, rarely with sparse contents; marginal cells 22 – 32 × 6 – 8 μm, cylindrical, clavate. Pileipellis 50 – 130 μm thick, of irregularly swollen cells mixed with hyphoid cells, some terminal cells thick-walled with wall to 1 µm thick, swollen cells 10 – 15 μm broad, hyphoid cells 5 – 8 µm broad, strongly gelatinized, nearly colorless to pale yellowish brown. Lactiferous hyphae abundant, 3 – 8 μm broad, golden brown. Stipitipellis an (ixo) cutis, up to 50 μm thick; hyphae 2 – 6 μm broad, strongly gelatinized. Trama of pileus and stipe with abundant rosettes. Clamp connections absent. Note: This is a unique species in L. sect. Deliciosi. The dry and waxy pileus surface has never been found in the section. Under microscope, the pileipellis with swollen and even thick-walled cells is unexpected, even reminiscent of species of Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel (1806: 66). This is totally different from the diagnostic ixocutis pileipellis of the section. The macrocystidia are filled with golden brown contents, very similar to pseudocystidia. These characters are sufficient to recognize it as a new species. The closest relative of this new species is L. subindigo, a blue-colored species also growing with fagaceous trees and found in southern China. This is the first time that red-colored species is found from fagaceous forest.	en	Pu, Jin-Bao, Cao, Shu-Qin, Wang, Ran, Chen, Xia, Pang, Chun-Mei, Wang, Xiang-Hua (2024): New species diversity and host association of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi: describing L. gibbosus and L. parvihatsudake (Russulaceae, Russulales) in southern China. Phytotaxa 668 (3): 226-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2
D4642731FFE0FF95FF48FF55FBA5B8CC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — referring to the resemblance to L. hatsudake but with smaller basidiocarps. Holotype: — CHINA: Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, Lin’an District, Tianmu Mt. National Nature Reserve, Laodian, N 30 º 20 ′ 30.04 ′′ E 119 º 25 ′ 59.42 ′′, elev. 1105 m, in mixed forest with trees of Pseudolarix amabilis, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Indocalamus tessellatus, 17 Sept. 2021, coll. J. B. Pu, no. FC 330112210295 (KUN-HKAS 135138! GenBank: ITS PP 887460; gpd PP 898314; nuc-LSU PQ 273276; rpb 1 PQ 274844; rpb 2 PQ 274832; tef 1 PQ 274838). Diagnosis: — Differing from L. hatsudake in the smaller and thin-fleshed basidiocarps, distant lamellae and azonate pileus. It grows in Pseudolarix amabilis forest whereas L. hatsudake in pine forest. Basidiocarps small to medium-sized, fleshy. Pileus 20 – 50 mm in diam., involute when young, soon plano-applanate with depressed center, infundibuliform when fully mature; surface smooth, greasy, strongly hygrophanous, azonate, red to grayish red when wet, fading to pale ochraceus with greenish tinge at dry places, centre often dry and fading, grayish or dull red at the margin, margin or even the whole pileus often transparently radially striate; context 1 – 2 mm thick, pale grayish red, unchanging. Lamellae 2 – 4 mm broad, distant to subdistant, short decurrent, grayish red, with more or less purplish tinge when fully mature, duller when bruised, not changing to green or blue. Stipe 20 – 40 × 3 – 5 (7) mm, central, cylindrical, equal or slightly tapering upwards, hollow; surface concolorous with or duller than lamellae, some changing to yellowish brown when old. Latex scanty, dull vinaceous red, unchanging. Spore print unknown. Basidiospores (120 / 6 / 5) (7.5) 8.0 – 8.7 – 9.5 (10.0) × 6.5 – 7.3 – 8.0 (8.5) μm [holotype: (40 / 2 / 1) 7.5 – 8.6 – 9.5 × 6.5 – 7.3 – 8.0 (8.5) μm], broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid [Q = (1.09) 1.11 – 1.29 (1.31), Q = 1.19 ± 0.05] [holotype: Q = (1.12) 1.13 – 1.27 (1.29), Q = 1.19 ± 0.05]; ornamentation 0.5 – 1.5 (1.8) μm high, composed of medium acute ridges partially connected, not forming a reticulum, closed meshes rare, sometimes with transparent dots, free ridges and isolated warts present but uncommon; plage not amyloid. Basidia 45 – 70 × 10 – 15 µm, clavate, 4 - spored. Pleuromacrocystidia very rare, absent in some individuals, 25 – 50 × 5 – 7 μm, embedded in hymenium, not projecting beyond the basidia, base originating from hymenium or even higher than the basal septa of basidia, subfusiform to clavate with a tapering apex, with colorless, pale yellowish brown or golden-brown contents. Hymenial pseudocystidia common to abundant, 2 – 5 μm broad, with pale golden-brown to golden-brown contents, filiform, tortuous, sometimes forking at apex. Lamella edge sterile; cheilomacrocystidia rare, absent in some individuals, similar to pleuromacrocystidia in shape but smaller; marginal cells 10 – 20 (30) × 4 – 6 (8) μm, cylindrical, clavate, some bending, hyaline. Pileipellis an ixocutis to ixolattice, 100 – 200 μm thick, sometimes covered with a hyphae-free gluten layer (up to 30 μm), of loosely interwoven hyphae; hyphae 2 – 7 μm broad, nearly colorless, some shrivelled, slightly to strongly gelatinized, terminal hyphae 20 – 50 × 3 – 4 μm. Lactiferous hyphae abundant, 3 – 9 μm broad, golden brown. Stipitipellis an ixocutis, 30 – 50 μm thick, of hyphae compactly interwoven; hyphae 2 – 5 μm broad, colorless, not gelatinized. Trama of pileus and stipe with abundant rosettes. Clamp connections absent. Additional specimens examined: — CHINA: Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, Lin’an District, Tianmu Mt. National Nature Reserve, Fuyushanzhuang, N 30 º 18 ′ 41.57 ′′ E 119 º 26 ′ 39.61 ′′, elev. 323 m, 06 Jun. 2021, coll. J. B. Pu, no. FC 330112210125 (KUN-HKAS 135137; GenBank: ITS PP 887459; gpd PP 898313; nuc-LSU PQ 273277; rpb 1 PQ 274845; rpb 2 PQ 274833; tef 1 PQ 274839); Tianmu Mt. National Nature Reserve, Laodian, N 30 º 20 ′ 35.36 ′′ E 119 º 26 ′ 16.18 ′′, elev. 1156 m, in mixed forest with Pseudolarix amabilis, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Indocalamus tessellatus, 17 Sept. 2021, coll. J. B. Pu, no. FC 330112210304 (KUN-HKAS 135139; GenBank: ITS PP 887458; gpd PP 898312; nuc-LSU PQ 273278; rpb 1 PQ 274846; rpb 2 PQ 274834; tef 1 PQ 274840); Hangzhou Botanical Garden, in introduced plantation of P. amabilis, 07 May 2024, coll. Y. J. Lu, s. n. (KUN-HKAS 135136; GenBank: ITS PP 887463; gpd PP 898317); ibid., 11 May 2024, coll. Y. J. Lu, s. n. (KUN-HKAS 135135; GenBank: ITS PP 887462; gpd PP 898316; nuc-LSU PQ 273279; rpb 1 PQ 274847; rpb 2 PQ 274835; tef 1 PQ 274841). Jiangsu Prov., Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Yun Yat-Sen, in introduced plantation of P. amabilis, N 32 º 3 ′ 31.25 ′′ E 118 º 49 ′ 58.04 ′′, elev. 61 m, 04 Oct. 2023, coll. X. Chen, no. CX 795 (KUN-HKAS 135133; GenBank: ITS PP 887461; gpd PP 898315; nuc-LSU PQ 273280; rpb 1 PQ 274848; rpb 2 PQ 274836; tef 1 PQ 274842). Note: In the field, L. parvihatsudake is reminiscent of L. hatsuadake, but the smaller basidiocarps, distant lamellae and transparently sulcate pileus margin make it different. This is a thin-fleshed species and the pileus is never zonate as L. hatsudake. The spores are bigger and broader, the ornamentation of the spores is higher and the macrocystidia are smaller. Another notable difference from other red-colored species is the habitat with Pseudolarix amabilis, a relict genus / species that has never been reported to be host of the species in the section. The closest relative of L. parvihatsudake is not clear, but apparently not related with L. hatsudake and another Asian red-colored species L. horakii. In both ITS and gpd phylogenies, this species formed a long branch, suggesting an early divergence. This genetic divergence might be from the host specificity with the relict host Pseudolarix amabilis, similar to L. guangdongensis (Han et al. 2019), if the symbiotic relationship is eventually confirmed.	en	Pu, Jin-Bao, Cao, Shu-Qin, Wang, Ran, Chen, Xia, Pang, Chun-Mei, Wang, Xiang-Hua (2024): New species diversity and host association of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi: describing L. gibbosus and L. parvihatsudake (Russulaceae, Russulales) in southern China. Phytotaxa 668 (3): 226-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2
