identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D4642731FFE2FF98FF48FD3FFE26BFC6.text	D4642731FFE2FF98FF48FD3FFE26BFC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lactarius gibbosus X. H. Wang, Ran Wang & S. Q. Cao 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lactarius gibbosus X.H. Wang, Ran Wang &amp; S.Q. Cao ,  sp. nov. , Fig. 3 </p>
            <p>MycoBank number: MB 854361</p>
            <p>Etymology:—referring to the swollen hyphae in the pileipellis.</p>
            <p> Holotype:— CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Menglian Co., Gongxin Town, Gongxin village, N22º16′46.13′′ E99º16′27.98′′, in broad-leaved forest with trees of  Castanopsis and  Lithocarpus , 05 Sept. 2021, coll. R. Wang, no. rml-887 (KUN-HKAS 135134! GenBank: ITS PP88746; gpd PP898319; nuc-LSU PQ273275; rpb1 PQ274843; rpb2 PQ274831; tef1 PQ274837). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:—Different from all other species of L. sect.  Deliciosi by the dry and waxy pileus and pileipellis with swollen thick-walled cells and lacking slimy layer. In addition, the azonate pileus and macrocystidia with thick golden brown contents can help to separate it from  L. hatsudake . </p>
            <p>Basidiocarps medium-sized to big, stout. Pileus 69–100 mm in diam., center umbonate, margin applanate to slightly wavy, striate, shallowly infundibuliform when mature; surface dry, waxy, grayish pink often mixed with pale lilac tinge at the center, grayish purple towards the margin, azonate; context 3 mm thick, grayish purple, dull purple when bruised, with dark vinaceous red dots. Lamellae 4–5 mm broad, subdistant, short decurrent, grayish purple, dark purple when bruised, unchaning to green or bluish. Stipe 36–43 × 10–17 mm, central, equal or slightly tapering downwards, hollow; surface smooth, dry, paler than the lamellae. Latex scanty, dark vinaceous red, unchanging. Spore print unknown.</p>
            <p>Basidiospores (40/2/1) (5.5) 6.0– 6.5 –7.5 (8.0) × 5.0– 5.5 –6.0 (6.5) μm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid [Q = (1.14) 1.16–1.24 (1.25), Q = 1.21 ± 0.06], ornamentation up to 1.0 μm high, composed of long ridges partially connected, not forming a reticulum, closed meshes and isolated warts rare; plage not amyloid. Basidia 40–52 × 8–10 μm, clavate, 4-spored. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, 42–90 × 6–14 μm, base originating from subhymenium, fusiform, clavate, with a blunt apex, filled with thick golden-brown contents, contents thicker at the middle upper part. Hymenial pseudocystidia abundant, 2–4 μm broad, with golden-brown contents. Lamella edge sterile; cheilomacrocystidia common, 27–60 × 5–10 μm, clavate with a blunt apex, filled with golden-brown contents, rarely with sparse contents; marginal cells 22–32 × 6–8 μm, cylindrical, clavate. Pileipellis 50–130 μm thick, of irregularly swollen cells mixed with hyphoid cells, some terminal cells thick-walled with wall to 1 µm thick, swollen cells 10–15 μm broad, hyphoid cells 5–8 µm broad, strongly gelatinized, nearly colorless to pale yellowish brown. Lactiferous hyphae abundant, 3–8 μm broad, golden brown. Stipitipellis an (ixo)cutis, up to 50 μm thick; hyphae 2–6 μm broad, strongly gelatinized. Trama of pileus and stipe with abundant rosettes. Clamp connections absent.</p>
            <p> Note: This is a unique species in L. sect.  Deliciosi . The dry and waxy pileus surface has never been found in the section. Under microscope, the pileipellis with swollen and even thick-walled cells is unexpected, even reminiscent of species of  Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel (1806: 66) . This is totally different from the diagnostic ixocutis pileipellis of the section. The macrocystidia are filled with golden brown contents, very similar to pseudocystidia. These characters are sufficient to recognize it as a new species. The closest relative of this new species is  L. subindigo , a blue-colored species also growing with fagaceous trees and found in southern China. This is the first time that red-colored species is found from fagaceous forest. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4642731FFE2FF98FF48FD3FFE26BFC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pu, Jin-Bao;Cao, Shu-Qin;Wang, Ran;Chen, Xia;Pang, Chun-Mei;Wang, Xiang-Hua	Pu, Jin-Bao, Cao, Shu-Qin, Wang, Ran, Chen, Xia, Pang, Chun-Mei, Wang, Xiang-Hua (2024): New species diversity and host association of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi: describing L. gibbosus and L. parvihatsudake (Russulaceae, Russulales) in southern China. Phytotaxa 668 (3): 226-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2
D4642731FFE0FF95FF48FF55FBA5B8CC.text	D4642731FFE0FF95FF48FF55FBA5B8CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lactarius parvihatsudake X. H. Wang, J. B. Pu & Xia Chen 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lactarius parvihatsudake X.H. Wang, J.B. Pu &amp; Xia Chen ,  sp. nov. , Fig. 4 </p>
            <p>MycoBank number: MB 854362</p>
            <p> Etymology:—referring to the resemblance to  L. hatsudake but with smaller basidiocarps. </p>
            <p> Holotype:— CHINA: Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, Lin’an District, Tianmu Mt. National Nature Reserve, Laodian, N30º20′30.04′′ E119º25′59.42′′, elev. 1105 m, in mixed forest with trees of  Pseudolarix amabilis, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Chamaecyparis pisifera,  Cunninghamia lanceolata and  Indocalamus tessellatus , 17 Sept. 2021, coll. J.B. Pu, no. FC330112210295 (KUN-HKAS 135138! GenBank: ITS PP887460; gpd PP898314; nuc-LSU PQ273276; rpb1 PQ274844; rpb2 PQ274832; tef1 PQ274838). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:—Differing from  L. hatsudake in the smaller and thin-fleshed basidiocarps, distant lamellae and azonate pileus. It grows in  Pseudolarix amabilis forest whereas  L. hatsudake in pine forest. </p>
            <p>Basidiocarps small to medium-sized, fleshy. Pileus 20–50 mm in diam., involute when young, soon plano-applanate with depressed center, infundibuliform when fully mature; surface smooth, greasy, strongly hygrophanous, azonate, red to grayish red when wet, fading to pale ochraceus with greenish tinge at dry places, centre often dry and fading, grayish or dull red at the margin, margin or even the whole pileus often transparently radially striate; context 1–2 mm thick, pale grayish red, unchanging. Lamellae 2–4 mm broad, distant to subdistant, short decurrent, grayish red, with more or less purplish tinge when fully mature, duller when bruised, not changing to green or blue. Stipe 20–40 × 3–5 (7) mm, central, cylindrical, equal or slightly tapering upwards, hollow; surface concolorous with or duller than lamellae, some changing to yellowish brown when old. Latex scanty, dull vinaceous red, unchanging. Spore print unknown.</p>
            <p>Basidiospores (120/6/5) (7.5) 8.0– 8.7 –9.5 (10.0) × 6.5– 7.3 –8.0 (8.5) μm [holotype: (40/2/1) 7.5– 8.6 –9.5 × 6.5– 7.3 –8.0 (8.5) μm], broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid [Q = (1.09) 1.11–1.29 (1.31), Q = 1.19 ± 0.05] [holotype: Q = (1.12) 1.13–1.27 (1.29), Q = 1.19 ± 0.05]; ornamentation 0.5–1.5 (1.8) μm high, composed of medium acute ridges partially connected, not forming a reticulum, closed meshes rare, sometimes with transparent dots, free ridges and isolated warts present but uncommon; plage not amyloid. Basidia 45–70 × 10–15 µm, clavate, 4-spored. Pleuromacrocystidia very rare, absent in some individuals, 25–50 × 5–7 μm, embedded in hymenium, not projecting beyond the basidia, base originating from hymenium or even higher than the basal septa of basidia, subfusiform to clavate with a tapering apex, with colorless, pale yellowish brown or golden-brown contents. Hymenial pseudocystidia common to abundant, 2–5 μm broad, with pale golden-brown to golden-brown contents, filiform, tortuous, sometimes forking at apex. Lamella edge sterile; cheilomacrocystidia rare, absent in some individuals, similar to pleuromacrocystidia in shape but smaller; marginal cells 10–20 (30) × 4–6 (8) μm, cylindrical, clavate, some bending, hyaline. Pileipellis an ixocutis to ixolattice, 100–200 μm thick, sometimes covered with a hyphae-free gluten layer (up to 30 μm), of loosely interwoven hyphae; hyphae 2–7 μm broad, nearly colorless, some shrivelled, slightly to strongly gelatinized, terminal hyphae 20–50 × 3–4 μm. Lactiferous hyphae abundant, 3–9 μm broad, golden brown. Stipitipellis an ixocutis, 30–50 μm thick, of hyphae compactly interwoven; hyphae 2–5 μm broad, colorless, not gelatinized. Trama of pileus and stipe with abundant rosettes. Clamp connections absent.</p>
            <p> Additional specimens examined:— CHINA: Zhejiang Prov.,Hangzhou,Lin’an District,Tianmu Mt.National Nature Reserve, Fuyushanzhuang, N30º18′41.57′′ E119º26′39.61′′, elev. 323m, 06Jun.2021, coll.J.B. Pu, no.FC330112210125 (KUN-HKAS 135137; GenBank: ITS PP887459; gpd PP898313; nuc-LSU PQ273277; rpb1 PQ274845; rpb2 PQ274833; tef1 PQ274839); Tianmu Mt. National Nature Reserve, Laodian, N30º20′35.36′′ E119º26′16.18′′, elev. 1156 m, in mixed forest with  Pseudolarix amabilis, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Chamaecyparis pisifera,  Cunninghamia lanceolata and  Indocalamus tessellatus , 17 Sept. 2021, coll. J.B. Pu, no. FC330112210304 (KUN-HKAS 135139; GenBank: ITS PP887458; gpd PP898312; nuc-LSU PQ273278; rpb1 PQ274846; rpb2 PQ274834; tef1 PQ274840); Hangzhou Botanical Garden, in introduced plantation of  P. amabilis , 07 May 2024, coll. Y.J. Lu, s.n. (KUN-HKAS 135136; GenBank: ITS PP887463; gpd PP898317); ibid., 11 May 2024, coll. Y.J. Lu, s.n. (KUN-HKAS 135135; GenBank: ITS PP887462; gpd PP898316; nuc-LSU PQ273279; rpb1 PQ274847; rpb2 PQ274835; tef1 PQ274841). Jiangsu Prov., Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Yun Yat-Sen, in introduced plantation of  P. amabilis , N32º3′31.25′′ E118º49′58.04′′, elev. 61 m, 04 Oct. 2023, coll. X. Chen, no. CX795 (KUN-HKAS 135133; GenBank: ITS PP887461; gpd PP898315; nuc-LSU PQ273280; rpb1 PQ274848; rpb2 PQ274836; tef1 PQ274842). </p>
            <p> Note: In the field,  L. parvihatsudake is reminiscent of  L. hatsuadake , but the smaller basidiocarps, distant lamellae and transparently sulcate pileus margin make it different. This is a thin-fleshed species and the pileus is never zonate as  L. hatsudake . The spores are bigger and broader, the ornamentation of the spores is higher and the macrocystidia are smaller. Another notable difference from other red-colored species is the habitat with  Pseudolarix amabilis , a relict genus/species that has never been reported to be host of the species in the section. The closest relative of  L. parvihatsudake is not clear, but apparently not related with  L. hatsudake and another Asian red-colored species  L. horakii . In both ITS and gpd phylogenies, this species formed a long branch, suggesting an early divergence. This genetic divergence might be from the host specificity with the relict host  Pseudolarix amabilis , similar to  L. guangdongensis (Han et al. 2019) , if the symbiotic relationship is eventually confirmed. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4642731FFE0FF95FF48FF55FBA5B8CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pu, Jin-Bao;Cao, Shu-Qin;Wang, Ran;Chen, Xia;Pang, Chun-Mei;Wang, Xiang-Hua	Pu, Jin-Bao, Cao, Shu-Qin, Wang, Ran, Chen, Xia, Pang, Chun-Mei, Wang, Xiang-Hua (2024): New species diversity and host association of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi: describing L. gibbosus and L. parvihatsudake (Russulaceae, Russulales) in southern China. Phytotaxa 668 (3): 226-238, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.668.3.2
