identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F521E4B6492B5A028310BEBF3F1B8286.text	F521E4B6492B5A028310BEBF3F1B8286.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora agrestis Gaum.	<div><p>Peronospora agrestis Gäum., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 198. 1918.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves at first yellowish, later dark yellow to brown, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 271–396 µm long, av. 334 µm; trunk 156–243 µm long, av. 200 µm, 6.5–9 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 13 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–6 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 9.5–15.5 µm long, the shorter ones 6.5–11 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.2–1.65, base 2–2.5 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid to ovoid with a dark brown colour, 20–22.5 µm long, 15–17 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.25–1.4, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Veronica polita (Gäumann 1918; Stevenson 1926).</p><p>Reported hosts.</p><p>Veronica agrestis (Gäumann 1918; Stevenson 1926; Dennis 1986), V. arvensis (Dennis 1986), V. polita (Gäumann 1918; Stevenson 1926), V. opaca (Notizen 1934), Veronica chamaedrys (Voglmayr 2003).</p><p>Reported distribution.</p><p>Austria, Russia, Spain, Switzerland (Gäumann 1923; Stevenson 1926; Voglmayr 2003).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>AUSTRIA. Lower Austria: Mödling, Guntramsdorf, gappy embankment at Weingarten, on living leaves of Veronica polita, 4 Apr 2004, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032792) . GERMANY. Baden-Württemberg: Tübingen, on living leaves of Veronica filiformis, 28 Apr 2001, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032787) ; Bayern: unknown, on living leaves of Veronica filiformis, 10 May 2013, J. Kruse (J. K. 0460) ; Saxony: Dresden, on living leaves of Veronica filiformis, 11 July 1988, H. Jage (GLM-F 068565) ; Hermsdorf, on living leaves of Veronica persica, 28 Jun 1998, H. Jage (GLM-F 074038) ; Saxony-Anhalt: Lammsdorf, on living leaves of Veronica persica, 25 May 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 078101) ; Kemberg, on living leaves of Veronica polita, 29 Sep 1984, H. Jage (GLM-F 068541) ; Saaleck, on living leaves of Veronica persica, 19 Jun 2003, H. Jage (GLM-F 073381) . Unknown, on living leaves of Veronica persica, unknown, M. Thines (M. 600).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora agrestis has been reported in Europe infecting various hosts, including Veronica agrestis, V. arvensis, V. chamaedrys, V. opaca, and V. polita (Gäumann 1918, 1923; Stevenson 1926; Notizen 1934; Dennis 1986; Voglmayr 2003), with V. polita being the type host of P. agrestis . However, our phylogenetic analysis reveals that P. agrestis is restricted to its type host, V. polita, and closely related hosts V. filiformis and V. persica . The Peronospora species found on V. arvensis represents a distinct, previously undescribed taxon, which is phylogenetically distinct from P. agrestis infecting V. polita, V. filiformis, and V. persica across all phylogenetic trees. Furthermore, an ITS sequence, AY 198243, from specimen WU-MYC 0022873 collected in Austria on Veronica chamaedrys was previously identified as P. agrestis (Voglmayr 2003). However, our ITS phylogenetic tree shows that this sequence does not form a clade with P. agrestis, but rather with two other specimens from Germany, also parasitic on V. chamaedrys, suggesting that V. chamaedrys is not a host of P. agrestis, but a previously undescribed species. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that P. agrestis has two closely related sister species, P. fidelia and P. gracilis, which were previously undescribed. However, P. fidelia and P. gracilis are characterised by shorter conidiophores and trunks, with lengths shorter than 300 µm and 200 µm on average, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F521E4B6492B5A028310BEBF3F1B8286	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
54626B00BC685AE0A3ED7855F0E4CEB2.text	54626B00BC685AE0A3ED7855F0E4CEB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora aquatica Gaum.	<div><p>Peronospora aquatica Gäum., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 199. 1918.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves at first yellow to brown then darken to become reddish, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 276–420 µm long, av. 348 µm; trunk 146–234 µm long, av. 190 µm, 7.5–11 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 17 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–8 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 13–21.5 µm long, the shorter ones 8–13 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.5–2, base 2.5–3.5 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid to elongated with a pale brown to reddish colour, 29.5–37 µm long, 18.5–24 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.45–1.7, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores 28–33 µm in diameter.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Veronica anagallis-aquatica (cited under its orthographic variant Veronica anagallis Cham. &amp; Schltdl.) (Gäumann 1918).</p><p>Reported distribution.</p><p>Austria, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, United States, China, Denmark, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Russia (Gäumann 1923; Yu 1998; Göker et al. 2003, 2007).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Helme-Unstrut Buntsandsteinland, on living leaves of Veronica anagallis-aquatica, 29 May 2003, H. Jage (GLM-F 073366) ; Querfurt Plate, Lodersleben, at the castle, in the Querne, on living leaves of Veronica anagallis-aquatica, 6 May 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075951) ; Trebitz, Krähenberg, on living leaves of Veronica anagallis-aquatica, 22 Aug 1996, H. Jage (GLM-F 069669) . SWEDEN. Gotland: unknown, on living leaves of Veronica anagallis-aquatica, 20 Jul 1910, T. Vestergren (ZT 81575) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora aquatica is widely reported to be distributed across Europe, Asia, and North America, where it parasitises Veronica anagallis-aquatica (= Veronica anagallis Cham. &amp; Schltdl.) (Gäumann 1918; Gäumann 1923; Yu 1998; Göker et al. 2003, 2007). Phylogenetic analyses reveal that P. aquatica has a closely related sister species, P. sagittaria, which was previously undescribed and parasitises Veronica catenata . Although the two species are morphologically similar, P. sagittaria can be distinguished by its smaller conidia (32 × 21 µm on average), longer conidiophores and trunks (405 µm and 243 µm long on average, respectively), as well as narrower trunks and conidiophore bases (11 µm and 8 µm broad on average, respectively).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/54626B00BC685AE0A3ED7855F0E4CEB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
A4742090F3C55D07A564DB1E3A7050A8.text	A4742090F3C55D07A564DB1E3A7050A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora arvensis Gaum.	<div><p>Peronospora arvensis Gäum., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 198. 1918.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves at first chlorotic, later often darkening to become reddish, and diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 287–406 µm long, av. 347 µm; trunk 168–260 µm long, av. 214 µm, 7–9.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 13 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–6 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 10.5–17.5 µm long, the shorter ones 6.5–11.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.3–1.95, base 2–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid with a pale brown to dirty grey colour, 25–28 µm long, 19–21.5 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.25–1.4, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores 34–41 µm in diameter.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Veronica hederifolia (Gäumann 1918).</p><p>Reported hosts.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica hederifolia (Gäumann 1918, 1923; Stevenson 1926; Riethmüller et al. 2002; Göker et al. 2003, 2007), V. sublobata (Ellis 2025), V. triloba (Voglmayr 2003) and V. triphyllos (Gäumann 1918, 1923; Stevenson 1926).</p><p>Reported distribution.</p><p>Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Denmark, Sweden. Poland, Austria (Gäumann 1923; Stevenson 1926; Riethmüller et al. 2002; Göker et al. 2003, 2007; Voglmayr 2003).</p><p>Specimens examined</p><p>(all on Veronica hederifolia). GERMANY. Hessen: Rheingau, Rüdesheim am Rhein, on living leaves of Veronica hederifolia, 2 Apr 1916, A. Volkart (ZT 81629) ; Saxony: Görlitz-Rauschwalde, 24 Apr 2005, S. Hoeflich (GLM-F 062270) ; Kunnersdorf, 7 May 2008, H. Boyle (GLM-F 090770) ; Leipzig, 17 May 1985, H. Jage (GLM-F 069391) ; Leipzig, 11 Mar 1990, H. Jage (GLM-F 079120) ; Lodenau, 29 Apr 2008, H. Boyle (GLM-F 081506) ; Podrosche, 24 Apr 2008, H. Boyle (GLM-F 081427) ; Prositz, 1 May 1998, H. Jage (GLM-F 073863) ; Thümmlitz, 16 Apr 1993, H. Jage (GLM-F 068053) ; Saxony-Anhalt: Dessau, 24 Apr 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 076685) ; Field between Wallwitz and the Petersberg, 5 May 1878, Oertel (ZT 81621) ; Gänsefurth, 27 Mar 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 063010) ; Gänsefurth, 12 Mar 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 063062) ; Hohenkirchen, 14 Apr 2001, H. Jage (GLM-F 074167) ; Klein Wanzleben, 4 May 2001, H. Jage (GLM-F 074159) ; Klitzschena, 29 Apr 1992, H. Jage (GLM-F 067424) ; Könnern, 4 May 2003, H. Jage (GLM-F 073461) ; Meuro, 17 May 1986, H. Jage (GLM-F 068191) ; Roßla, 20 Apr 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075761) ; Schadeleben, Cemetery, 22 Apr 2001, H. Jage (GLM-F 074206) ; Seeburg, 1 May 2001, H. Jage (GLM-F 074186) ; Wittgendorf, 14 Apr 2001, H. Jage (GLM-F 074174) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora arvensis is widely distributed in Europe and has been reported from Veronica hederifolia, its type host, V. sublobata (Ellis 2025), V. triloba, and V. triphyllos (Gäumann 1918, 1923; Stevenson 1926; Riethmüller et al. 2002; Göker et al. 2003, 2007; Voglmayr 2003; this study). These host species are very difficult to distinguish, and identification errors are common. In fact, many of the specimens included in this study were initially misidentified as V. sublobata . However, they only had two nucleotide differences compared to the ITS sequences of Veronica hederifolia in GenBank, and based on the host DNA barcode (matK), they are identical to Veronica hederifolia . Based on our phylogenetic analyses, the Peronospora species parasitising Veronica triphyllos represents a distinct previously undescribed taxon, and P. arvensis is largely confined to its type host, Veronica hederifolia . One P. arvensis specimen, WU-MYC 0022883, collected from Austria in 1999, was recorded infecting Veronica triloba (Voglmayr 2003). However, based on the host ITS and matK sequences, two specimens (WU-MYC 0032791 and WU-MYC 0032807) from Veronica triloba actually represent a previously undescribed species distinct from P. arvensis, therefore, the host of specimen WU-MYC 0022883, identified as Veronica triloba, is likely a misidentification. This highlights the importance of DNA molecular identification for hosts that are not easily identified, as it is crucial for determining the species specificity of Peronospora . Phylogenetic analyses indicate that P. arvensis is closely related to the Peronospora sp. on Veronica triloba and P. veronicae-cymbalariae on Veronica cymbalaria . Due to the lack of specimens of Peronospora sp. on Veronica triloba, this new species has not been described in this study. Despite this, when compared with P. arvensis, P. veronicae-cymbalariae still had larger conidia, 32 × 23 µm on average, and shorter conidiophores and trunks, 246 µm and 117 µm in breadth on average, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A4742090F3C55D07A564DB1E3A7050A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
DDDE76A5246A5242B30A539CE5627A7A.text	DDDE76A5246A5242B30A539CE5627A7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora brevibrachia M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora brevibrachia M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin word “ brevis ” means short, and “ brachium ” means branch, referring to the shortest branches of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. microspora in having larger conidia, longer conidiophores and trunks, as well as shorter ultimate branchlets. Differs from P. petricosa in having more elongated conidia, as well as longer conidiophores and trunks.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Hohes Holz, on living leaves of Veronica chamaedrys, 9 May 1998, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 074111) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves initially yellow-green or light brown, then reddish brown or dark brown upon drying, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, grey-violet, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 313–447 µm long, av. 380 µm; trunk 177–304 µm long, av. 240 µm, 5.5–8.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 12 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–8 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 8–12 µm long, the shorter ones 5–9 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.2–1.75, base 1.5–2 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal with a yellow-brown colour, 20.5–23 µm long, 15–17 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.25–1.5. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica chamaedrys .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Austria, Germany.</p><p>Additional specimen examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Uthausen, Mark Naundorf, on living leaves of Veronica chamaedrys, 12 Oct 1998, H. Jage (GLM-F 068222) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora brevibrachia is a parasite of Veronica chamaedrys . Another specimen, WU-MYC 0022873, also parasitic on Veronica chamaedrys, has been identified as P. agrestis (Voglmayr 2003), based on the assumption of a broader host range for that species. However, in the ITS phylogenetic analyses, WU-MYC 0022873 on Veronica chamaedrys forms a subclade together with P. brevibrachia on Veronica chamaedrys (Additional file 1). Previous research suggests that close relationships among Peronospora species are often associated with morphological similarities (Mu et al. 2024 a, b). In line with this, Peronospora brevibrachia, P. microspora, and P. petricosa form a well-supported clade, all characterised by more globose conidia, with average length-to-breadth ratios of 1.4, 1.25, and 1.3, respectively. However, P. brevibrachia differs by having longer conidiophores and trunks, averaging 380 µm and 240 µm, respectively, as compared to P. microspora and P. petricosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDDE76A5246A5242B30A539CE5627A7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
302413892DD55CABA81F3505D22D8055.text	302413892DD55CABA81F3505D22D8055.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora chionodendron M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora chionodendron M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ chionodendron ” is derived from the Greek chion (“ snow ”) and - dendron (“ tree ”) as a noun in apposition, referring to the snow-covered, tree-like appearance of the species as observed macroscopically, reminiscent of a snow-laden winter tree.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. brevibrachia in having broader and more globose conidia, shorter conidiophores and trunks, broader trunks, as well as longer ultimate branchlets. Differs from P. microspora in having larger conidia and broader trunks. Differs from P. petricosa in having larger conidia and broader trunks.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Mücheln, on living leaves of Veronica verna, 26 May 2000, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 076884) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves dark brown to violet, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 255–369 µm long, av. 312 µm; trunk 137–216 µm long, av. 176 µm, 6.5–10 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 12 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–7 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 8.5–14 µm long, the shorter ones 5.5–9.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.25–1.7, base 2–2.5 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal with a pale grey to pale violet colour, 19.5–23 µm long, 15.5–18.5 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.15–1.35. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica verna .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Germany.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Bülzig, on living leaves of Veronica verna, 28 Apr 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 064157) ; Kemberg, on living leaves of Veronica verna, 18 May 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 076762) ; Ritzleben, Riebau, on living leaves of Veronica verna, 24 Apr 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 064162) ; Wahlitz, on living leaves of Veronica verna, 15 May 2003, H. Jage (GLM-F 078081) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>It is noteworthy that Veronica verna from North America, and one ITS sequence (MG 220171) of this species collected in Canada, show identical ITS sequences as our samples collected in Germany (see also Kuzmina et al. 2017). Although Peronospora grisea and Peronospora verna have been reported to infect Veronica verna (Gäumann 1923), the Peronospora species on Veronica verna appears to represent a previously undescribed species, named Peronospora chionodendron in this study. In terms of morphology, P. chionodendron had the roundest conidia compared to all Peronospora species on Veronica, with a length-to-breadth ratio of 1.25 ± 0.09.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/302413892DD55CABA81F3505D22D8055	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
074A9BE1E26C5C66B380A7B5DF551728.text	074A9BE1E26C5C66B380A7B5DF551728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora fidelia M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora fidelia M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Veronica symbolizes loyalty, the epithet is derived from Latin “ fides ” (loyal), which refers to the symbolism of flowers.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. agrestis in having larger conidia, as well as shorter conidiophores and trunks. Differs from P. gracilis in having larger and more elongated conidia, as well as longer ultimate branchlets.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Annaburg southwest, on living leaves of Veronica triphyllos, 1 May 2004, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 063005) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves at first pale green, later expanding to dark brown, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 238–352 µm long, av. 295 µm; trunk 123–220 µm long, av. 171 µm, 7–8.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 14 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–6 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 10–15.5 µm long, the shorter ones 6.5–10 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.3–1.85, base 2.5–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid with a grey to reddish colour, 20–25 µm long, 15–18.5 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.2–1.5. Oospores 36–44 µm in diameter.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica triphyllos .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Austria, Germany.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>AUSTRIA. Burgenland: District of Neusiedl am See, Municipality of Breitenbrunn, Tenauriegel, Weingarten, on living leaves of Veronica triphyllos, 21 Apr 2013, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032815) ; District of Neusiedl am See, Municipality of Winden, Hackelsberg S Jois, Annuellesflur at the summit, on living leaves of Veronica triphyllos, 13 Apr 2012, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032805) ; Lower Austria: District of Bruck / Leitha, Municipality of Prellenkirchen, Spitzerberg, S-Slope S Edelstal, Weingarten, on living leaves of Veronica triphyllos, 14 Apr 2012, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032806) ; District of Hollabrunn, Municipality of Retz, Oberalb, Roßberg, Neubergen, Weingarten, on living leaves of Veronica triphyllos, 27 Apr 2011, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032801) ; District of Tulln, Municipality of Fels am Wagram, Dorner S Gösing am Wagram, vineyards, on living leaves of Veronica triphyllos, 17 Apr 2012, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032808) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora fidelia and P. gracilis differ only by two gaps in the ITS region and a single base difference in the LSU D 1–3 region, with no variation in the LSU D 6–8 region. However, significant and numerous base differences are observed in the four mitochondrial loci (COX 1, COX 2, NAD 1, and RPS 10). A similar pattern is found between Peronospora sp. on Veronica triloba and P. veronicae-cymbalariae on Veronica cymbalaria in this study. In both cases, nuclear loci do not offer sufficient resolution to effectively distinguish these species. This phenomenon has also been reported in previous studies (Choi et al. 2015 b), particularly in LSU regions, but is rarely seen in ITS. These findings highlight the importance of multi-locus approaches for accurate species identification (Choi et al. 2015 b). In the mitochondrial loci phylogenies, P. fidelia and P. gracilis are confirmed as sister species. Despite their close relationship and morphological similarities, P. gracilis differs from P. fidelia by having smaller and more globose conidia, 21 × 16.5 µm on average, with a length-to-breadth ratio of 1.25 ± 0.1, and shorter ultimate branchlets, the longer branchlets averaging 11 µm and the shorter ones 7.5 µm. Peronospora fidelia is also closely related to P. agrestis, but P. agrestis has smaller conidia, 21 × 16 µm on average, as well as longer conidiophores and trunks, averaging 334 µm and 200 µm, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/074A9BE1E26C5C66B380A7B5DF551728	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
B16FFD514FE65518A99B1892E9929D34.text	B16FFD514FE65518A99B1892E9929D34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora gracilis M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora gracilis M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>“ Gracilis ” meaning slender or small, refers to the slenderness and small size of the host plants infected with the species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. agrestis in having shorter conidiophores and trunks, as well as shorter ultimate branchlets. Differs from P. fidelia in having smaller and more globose conidia, as well as shorter ultimate branchlets.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Lieskau, on living leaves of Veronica praecox, 18 Apr 1990, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 069988) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves purplish later often darkening to become brownish, often vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 266–329 µm long, av. 298 µm; trunk 139–205 µm long, av. 172 µm, 5–8.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 16 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–6 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 8.5–13.5 µm long, the shorter ones 6–9 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.25–1.75, base 2–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia subglobose to broadly ellipsoid with a grey colour, 19–23.5 µm long, 15.5–18 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.15–1.4, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica praecox .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Germany.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Seeburg, on living leaves of Veronica praecox, 1 May 2001, H. Jage (GLM-F 074185) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora gracilis has two closely related sister species, P. fidelia and P. agrestis . However, P. gracilis is distinguished by its shorter ultimate branchlets, with the longer branchlets averaging 11 µm and the shorter ones averaging 7.5 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B16FFD514FE65518A99B1892E9929D34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
522CD6ECFC6550A9885A897E6900DAA3.text	522CD6ECFC6550A9885A897E6900DAA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora grisea Unger	<div><p>Peronospora grisea Unger, Bot. Ztg. 5 (18): 315. (1847).</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>≡ Botrytis grisea (Link) Fr., Systema Mycologicum 3: 396. 1832.</p><p>= Peronospora verna Gäum., Annls mycol. 16 (1 / 2): 198. 1918.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves greyish, reddening to dark brown when dried, often vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, greyish-white, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 250–335 µm long, av. 293 µm; trunk 122–207 µm long, av. 165 µm, 6.5–8 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 13 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–7 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 9–14 µm long, the shorter ones 6–10 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.2–1.65, base 2–2.5 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ovate to ellipsoid with a brown colour, 20–25 µm long, 15–18 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.25–1.5, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Veronica beccabunga (Unger 1847).</p><p>Confirmed additional host.</p><p>Veronica serpyllifolia .</p><p>Reported hosts.</p><p>Veronica beccabunga (Unger 1847; Gäumann 1923; Stevenson 1926; Riethmüller et al. 2002), V. arvensis, V. hederifolia, V. verna (de Bary 1863), V. peregrina (Swingle 1887), Veronica serpyllifolia (de Bary 1863; Voglmayr 2003).</p><p>Reported distribution.</p><p>Germany (de Bary 1863; Stevenson 1926; Riethmüller et al. 2002), USA (Swingle 1887), Austria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Fries 1832; Gäumann 1923; Voglmayr 2003).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Bergwitz, on living leaves of Veronica serpyllifolia, 16 Apr 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 076812) ; Bülzig, on living leaves of Veronica beccabunga, 28 Apr 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 064183) ; Hayn, on living leaves of Veronica serpyllifolia, 20 Apr 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075766) ; Lodersleben, on living leaves of Veronica beccabunga, 9 Apr 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 063053) ; Lützen-Hohenmölsener Platte, Gieckau east, Nautschke Creek, on living leaves of Veronica beccabunga, 14 Jun 2005, H. Richter (GLM-F 075648) ; Morungen, on living leaves of Veronica beccabunga, 21 Apr 2005, A. Hoch (GLM-F 075774) ; Neckendorf, Helme, on living leaves of Veronica beccabunga, 1 Sep 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 076527) ; Obhausen, on living leaves of Veronica beccabunga, 3 May 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075736) ; Straßberg, on living leaves of Veronica beccabunga, 10 Sep 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075832) ; Wörlitz, Auwiese, on living leaves of Veronica serpyllifolia, 20 May 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 078065) ; Saxony: Torgau, on living leaves of Veronica serpyllifolia, 3 May 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 076783) ; SWEDEN. Uppsala: Uppsala-Norby, on living leaves of Veronica serpyllifolia, 16 May 2007, H. Boyle (GLM-F 079274) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>It is surprising that P. grisea on Veronica beccabunga (the type host of P. grisea) and P. verna on Veronica serpyllifolia (the type host of P. verna) are genetically identical in LSU D 1-3, LSU D 6-8, COX 1, COX 2, and RPS 10, with only a single base difference in the ITS and NAD 1 regions. Given the principle of priority by chronological order, P. verna is relegated to synonymy with P. grisea here. However, it would be meaningful to investigate the relationships between the populations of both hosts to determine how far they are genetically separated enough to be considered independent subspecies. In any case, the pathogens on these two hosts might provide a model for studying speciation processes in downy mildews in particular, and obligate biotrophic pathogens in general. Furthermore, this finding emphasises the limitations of relying solely on host-specificity for species identification of the pathogens. Although in most cases Peronospora species are highly host-specific, there are some exceptions due to recent host jumping (Thines 2019; Ploch et al. 2022) or multiple colonisations of the same host species (Mu et al. 2024 a). One specimen, WU-MYC 0022901, parasitic on Veronica serpyllifolia, was also identified as P. grisea in Voglmayr’s 2003 study, based on ITS sequences (AY 198241), although Veronica serpyllifolia was the type host for P. verna (Gäumann 1918). The differences observed by Gäumann can likely be attributed to the effect of the host matrix, as it has been previously shown in Pseudoperonospora cubensis, where the host matrix can influence several morphological characteristics of the pathogen significantly (Runge et al. 2012). Morphologically, P. grisea is characterised by its rather short conidiophores and trunks, with average lengths of 293 µm and 165 µm, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/522CD6ECFC6550A9885A897E6900DAA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
2A83EC2AB1E9536FACEEB663DE5CD0BA.text	2A83EC2AB1E9536FACEEB663DE5CD0BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora microspora M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora microspora M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>“ Microspora ” refers to the small conidia of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. brevibrachia in having smaller conidia, shorter conidiophores and trunks, as well as longer ultimate branchlets. Differs from P. petricosa in having smaller conidia.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony: Prositz, on living leaves of Veronica teucrium, 1 May 1998, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 073861) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves chlorotic, then turning dark yellow to brown when dried, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 245–346 µm long, av. 295 µm; trunk 135–223 µm long, av. 179 µm, 5.3–7.7 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 12 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.4–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–6 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 9–14.5 µm long, the shorter ones 6–10 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.2–1.8, base 2–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal with a grey to pale reddish colour, 17–21.5 µm long, 13.5–17 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.15–1.4. Oospores 35–49 µm in diameter.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica teucrium .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Germany.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony: Prositz, on living leaves of Veronica teucrium, 6 Jun 1999, H. Jage (GLM-F 078282) ; Saxony-Anhalt: Eilenstedt, on living leaves of Veronica teucrium, 2 Jul 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 076577) ; Eilenstedt, on living leaves of Veronica teucrium, 13 May 1999, H. Jage (GLM-F 077783) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora microspora, P. brevibrachia, and P. petricosa form a strongly supported clade. However, P. microspora differs by having smaller conidia, averaging 19.5 µm in length and 15.5 µm in breadth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A83EC2AB1E9536FACEEB663DE5CD0BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
29254060FF2453D287BD240F1E26DDFA.text	29254060FF2453D287BD240F1E26DDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora obscura M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora obscura M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet refers to the species being concealed from discovery due to the erroneous assumption of a broader host range for P. silvestris .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. palustris in having more globose conidia, as well as shorter conidiophores and trunks. Differs from P. silvestris in having more globose conidia, shorter conidiophores and trunks, narrower trunks and conidiophore bases, as well as longer ultimate branchlets.</p><p>Type.</p><p>AUSTRIA. Tyrol: Steeg, on living leaves of Veronica urticifolia, 2 Jun 2000, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 046912) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves at first yellowish or chlorotic, later often darkening to become dark yellow, often vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 279–380 µm long, av. 330 µm; trunk 130–199 µm long, av. 165 µm, 5.2–9.1 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 12 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2.5, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–7 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 9.5–15.5 µm long, the shorter ones 5.5–10.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.3–1.9, base 2–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid with a pale yellow-brown colour, 25–28.5 µm long, 17.5–19.5 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.35–1.55, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica urticifolia and Paederota lutea (syn. Veronica lutea).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Austria, Germany.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>AUSTRIA. Carinthia: District of Spittal / Drau, municipality of Flattach, Großfragant, Rollbahnweg, 400 m before Kreuzbödele, on living leaves of Veronica urticifolia, 11 Jul 2000, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032785) ; Tscheppaschlucht S Ferlach on the Loiblstraße, N of the inn Deutscher Peter, on living leaves of Paederota lutea, 14 Jun 2009, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032793) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>A specimen, AR 194, recorded in GenBank as parasitic on Veronica urticifolia (Riethmüller et al. 2002), was identified as P. silvestris . However, the LSU D 1-3 phylogenetic tree reveals that the sequence AY 035490 actually forms a clade with our newly described species, P. obscura, found on Veronica urticifolia and Paederota lutea . This indicates that AY 035490 does not represent P. silvestris, whose type host is Veronica officinalis . This distinction is not limited to the LSU D 1-3 region but is also evident in the ITS, LSU D 6-8, COX 1, COX 2, NAD 1, and RPS 10 regions. Phylogenetic analyses consistently show that P. obscura forms a sister clade with two species: P. silvestris and P. palustris . However, compared to P. obscura, they have more elongated conidia, with an average length-to-breadth ratio of both higher than 1.6, longer conidiophores and trunks (average length longer than 400 µm and 250 µm, respectively), shorter ultimate branchlets, with the longer branchlets shorter than 12.2 µm and the shorter branchlets shorter than 7.3 µm on average, and broader conidiophore bases, maximum breadth up to 14 µm, and trunks, average breadth broader than 7.6 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/29254060FF2453D287BD240F1E26DDFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
29C24BF9FD6D55CC964B69E118AF840C.text	29C24BF9FD6D55CC964B69E118AF840C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora palustris Gaum.	<div><p>Peronospora palustris Gäum., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 198. 1918.</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves yellow to brown, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 335–550 µm long, av. 443 µm; trunk 204–394 µm long, av. 299 µm, 6–9.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 14 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–8 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 10–14.5 µm long, the shorter ones 6–8.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.5–1.9, base 2.5–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid to elongate with a pale reddish colour, 26–31.5 µm long, 15–20 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.4–1.95, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Veronica scutellata (Gäumann 1918; Stevenson 1926).</p><p>Confirmed hosts.</p><p>Veronica armstrongii, Veronica diosmifolia, Veronica scutellata .</p><p>Reported hosts.</p><p>Veronica scutellata (Gäumann 1918; Stevenson 1926).</p><p>Reported distribution.</p><p>Denmark, Norway, Poland (Gäumann 1923), Switzerland (Stevenson 1926).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Lower Saxony: Ammerland, on living leaves of Veronica armstrongii, 17 Sep 2017, T. Brand (T. B. 2017) ; same location, on living leaves of Veronica diosmifolia, 2020, T. Brand (T. B. 2020) ; Saxony-Anhalt: Allstedt, on living leaves of Veronica scutellata, 1 Aug 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 062903) ; Bleddin, Dammfuß, on living leaves of Veronica scutellata, 3 Aug 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 065747) ; Schönebeck, Buschhaus, on living leaves of Veronica scutellata, 3 Jul 2003, H. Jage (GLM-F 074295) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora palustris is distributed in Europe and has been reported only from Veronica scutellata before this study (Gäumann 1918; Stevenson 1926). However, the current study shows that it is also able to infect the ornamental shrubs Veronica diosmifolia (syn. Hebe diosmifolia) and Veronica armstrongii (syn. Hebe armstrongii), likely representing a host shift to a host naïve to the pathogen (Thines 2019). The LSU D 1–3 region has insufficient resolution for distinguishing between P. palustris, P. silvestris, and P. seminaria . Similarly, the LSU D 6–8 and RPS 10 regions cannot differentiate P. palustris from P. silvestris . However, these species are distinct based on other loci, including ITS, COX 1, COX 2, and NAD 1. Morphologically, compared to P. silvestris and P. seminaria, P. palustris had more elongated conidia, with an average length of 29 µm and a length-to-breadth ratio of 1.7.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/29C24BF9FD6D55CC964B69E118AF840C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
A15FA6A2976B59EB890C07ACC5D0A8E8.text	A15FA6A2976B59EB890C07ACC5D0A8E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora petricosa M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora petricosa M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>“ Petricosus ” means “ very confusing ”, referring to the host Veronica arvensis, which has been reported to be parasitised by many Peronospora species but seems to be parasitised by only a single species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. microspora in having more elongated conidia. Differs from P. brevibrachia in having more globose conidia, shorter conidiophores and trunks, as well as longer ultimate branchlets.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Prositz, Ketzerbachtal, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 17 Mar 2004, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 063014) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions yellow to dark violet, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 237–353 µm long, av. 295 µm; trunk 130–222 µm long, av. 176 µm, 5–7 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 15 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–7 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 8–14 µm long, the shorter ones 6–10.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.15–1.6, base 2–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia subglobose to ellipsoid with a grey to reddish colour, 18.5–22 µm long, 14.5–17 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.2–1.4. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica arvensis and Veronica odora .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Argentina, Australia, Austria, Germany, South Korea, Switzerland.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>ARGENTINA. Unknown, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 1991, B. Blanca (R. D. 854) . AUSTRALIA. Paradise Plants, Cherrylane, RMB 2117, Greta Road, Kulnura R. D. 61 on living leaves of Veronica odora, 19 May 1993, I. Paananen (DAR 69945) . AUSTRIA. Lower Austria: District of Bruck / Leitha, Municipality of Prellenkirchen, Spitzerberg, S-Hang S Edelstal, Weingarten, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 9 Apr 2011, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032799) . GERMANY, Saxony-Anhalt: Aseleben, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 7 Jan 2001, H. Jage (GLM-F 074187) ; Gänsefurth, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 27 Mar 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 063013) ; Gröna, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 11 Apr 1999, H. Jage (GLM-F 077818) ; Kemberg, Kuhgasse, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 18 Jan 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 065698) ; Löbejün, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 13 May 2002, H. Jage (GLM-F 078032) ; Winkel, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 8 Apr 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 063058) ; Saxony: Bad Muskau, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 17 May 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075728) ; Görlitz-Nikolaivorstadt, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 17 Apr 2004, H. Jage (GLM-F 063028) ; Halbendorf, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 15 May 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075720) . SOUTH KOREA. Gangwon: Gangneung, near Gangneung-Wonju National University, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 12 May 2000, Y-J. Choi (KUS-F 17294) ; Gyeonggi-do: Suwon-si, near Horticultural Research Institute, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 24 May 2011, Y-J. Choi (KUS-F 25712) . SWITZERLAND. Canton of Bern: Blatten, Lötschenthal, on living leaves of Veronica arvensis, 1 Jun 1941, S. Blumer (ZT 81370) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Veronica arvensis is native to Macaronesia, North-West Africa, Europe, southwestern Siberia, and the western Himalayas. Due to human activity, this host plant has been widely introduced and has become invasive in several regions, including North and South America and Australasia (Kew Science 2024). Veronica arvensis has been reported as a host for P. agrestis (Dennis 1986) and P. grisea (de Bary 1863). However, our phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Peronospora species found on Veronica arvensis are distinct from P. agrestis on Veronica polita and P. grisea on Veronica beccabunga . Additionally, there is a specimen, MG 1969, collected from Veronica arvensis that has been previously identified as P. verna (Göker et al. 2003, 2007). However, all Peronospora specimens on Veronica arvensis are phylogenetically grouped together in a distinct clade, suggesting that the Peronospora species on Veronica arvensis represents a single, previously unrecognised species, for which we propose to name P. petricosa . Although numerous Veronica arvensis samples have been collected from many countries, including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Germany, South Korea, and Switzerland, only one sample has been found on Veronica odora (syn. Hebe buxifolia). This may be due to the widespread distribution of the host facilitated by human activity, leading to infections of this host, naïve to Peronospora in its native range, in some regions. A similar case can be seen with Peronospora gaponenkoae, initially found on Plantago lanceolata . Davis et al. (2021) described a Peronospora species on Plantago princeps as P. kuewa, which was later shown to be synonymous with P. gaponenkoae, which shifted hosts to the Hawai’ian indigenous host (Mu et al. 2024 a). This case highlights that host jumping and range expansion occur more frequently than previously thought. Morphologically, P. petricosa is characterised by having the narrowest trunks, with an average breadth of 6 µm. Compared to the closely related species, P. microspora had more globose conidia, with a length-to-breadth ratio of 1.25 ± 0.1, while P. brevibrachia had more elongated conidia, a length-to-breadth ratio of 1.4 ± 0.1, as well as longer conidiophores and trunks, averaging 380 µm and 240 µm, respectively, as well as shorter ultimate branchlets, the longer ones averaging 10 µm and the shorter ones 7 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A15FA6A2976B59EB890C07ACC5D0A8E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
491E6E794B225A1CB379C00ED2057E37.text	491E6E794B225A1CB379C00ED2057E37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora sagittaria M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora sagittaria M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The Latin word “ sagittarius ” means archer, referring to the ultimate branchlets of the species, which are curved and shaped like a bow and arrow.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. aquatica in having smaller conidia, longer conidiophores and trunks, as well as narrower trunks and conidiophore bases.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Schönebeck, Buschhaus, on living leaves of Veronica catenata, 3 Jul 2003, H. Jage (holotype GLM-F 074298) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions on leaves greyish-white to light blue-purple, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, sparse, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 319–490 µm long, av. 405 µm; trunk 178–307 µm long, av. 243 µm, 6.5–9.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 15 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–7 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 12–23.5 µm long, the shorter ones 7.5–14.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.3–1.9, base 2.5–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid to ovate with a brown to dark grey colour, 28.7–35 µm long, 19–23.5 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.35–1.7, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica catenata .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Germany.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>GERMANY. Saxony-Anhalt: Döllnitz, on living leaves of Veronica catenata, 10 Oct 2005, H. Jage (GLM-F 075865) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The LSU D 1-3 tree analysis indicated that P. sagittaria on Veronica catenata and P. aquatica on Veronica anagallis-aquatica represent the same taxa. However, phylogenetic analyses using a multi-locus approach including ITS, LSU D 6-8, COX 1, COX 2, NAD 1, and RPS 10 sequences demonstrate that they are in fact distinct species. This finding suggests that the LSU D 1-3 locus alone may not always provide sufficient resolution for distinguishing certain closely related species, reinforcing the need for multi-locus approaches for accurate identification. These results are consistent with the conclusions of Choi et al. (2015 b). The LSU D 6-8 (AY 273956) and NAD 1 (DQ 361185) phylogenetic trees showed P. sagittaria on Veronica catenata is the same taxon as specimen MG 1968, which was collected from Veronica anagallis-aquatica (Göker et al. 2003, 2007). Apparently, MG 1968 had been misidentified in terms of its host plant. Morphologically, Veronica catenata is distinguished by having leaves with the broadest part in the lower third and more pointed tips, whereas Veronica anagallis-aquatica has leaves with the broadest part at the middle and less pointed tips, but otherwise look rather similar, especially when not in the flowering state. Both ITS and matK sequences provided a clear distinction between these two species, further supporting an identification mistake. The concatenated phylogenetic tree suggests that the Peronospora species on Veronica catenata represents a previously undescribed species, distinct from P. aquatica . While these two taxa are sister species and phylogenetically closely related, compared to P. sagittaria morphologically, P. aquatica is characterised by more elongated conidia with an average length of 33 µm and an average length-to-breadth ratio of 1.6, as well as shorter conidiophores and trunks, averaging 348 µm and 190 µm, respectively, and broader trunks and conidiophore bases, averaging 9 µm and 13 µm, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/491E6E794B225A1CB379C00ED2057E37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
BF1A15A083EC5C4C88DE60A64FDE1718.text	BF1A15A083EC5C4C88DE60A64FDE1718.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora seminaria M. Mu & Thines 2026	<div><p>Peronospora seminaria M. Mu &amp; Thines sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “ seminaria ” is derived from the Latin “ seminarium ”, meaning seedbed or nursery. It refers to the host plant of the holotype, which originates from an ornamental plant farm near Osnabrück.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from P. aquatica in having smaller and elongated conidia, narrower trunks, as well as shorter ultimate branchlets. Differs from P. sagittaria in having smaller and elongated conidia, shorter conidiophores and trunks, as well as shorter ultimate branchlets.</p><p>Type.</p><p>GERMANY. Lower Saxony: near Osnabrück, on living leaves of Veronica longifolia, 7 Jun 2023, T. Brand (holotype GLM-F 125572) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions chlorotic to dark violet, diffuse to vein-delimited. Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, sub-straight to curved, thin-walled, 221–508 µm long, av. 365 µm; trunk 103–257 µm long, av. 180 µm, 6.5–9.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 16 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–8 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 8–13.5 µm long, the shorter ones 5–9.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.3–1.7, base 2–3 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid to elongate with a pale brown to pale grey colour, 17–27 µm long, 10.5–17 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.45–1.75, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Living leaves of Veronica longifolia .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Germany.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>AUSTRIA. Lower Austria: District of Gänserndorf, Municipality of Ringelsdorf-Niederabsdorf, Große Wiesen, on living leaves of Veronica longifolia, 5 May 2012, H. Voglmayr and I. Greilhuber (WU-MYC 0032814) . CZECH REPUBLIC. Moravia: N Brno, N Křtiny, near Arboretum, species-rich wet meadow, on living leaves of Veronica longifolia, 23 Jun 2011, H. Voglmayr and I. Greilhuber (WU-MYC 0032804) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Veronica longifolia is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, yet no reports of infection by downy mildew have been documented. In this study, we identified a previously undescribed Peronospora species that forms a clade with five closely related species: P. obscura, P. sagittaria, P. aquatica, P. palustris, and P. silvestris . This clade is characterised by elongated conidia with an average length-to-breadth ratio higher than 1.45. Morphologically, P. seminaria differs by having smaller conidia, averaging 22 µm × 14 µm, and the narrowest conidia among all Peronospora species on Veronica, with an average breadth of 14 µm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF1A15A083EC5C4C88DE60A64FDE1718	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
F94277075EB15E0D933C280F9B9FF63B.text	F94277075EB15E0D933C280F9B9FF63B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora silvestris Gaum.	<div><p>Peronospora silvestris Gäum., Annales Mycologici 16 (1–2): 199. 1918.</p><p>Fig. 16</p><p>Description.</p><p>Lesions often hardly visible and systemic, infected plant parts often discolouring at later stages, drying or getting necrotic in Veronica officinalis; lesions chlorotic, then turning dark brown to brown upon drying, often vein-delimited in Globularia nudicaulis . Down present on the lower leaf surface, consisting of scattered to dense felt-like conidiophore outgrowth. Conidiophores hyaline, straight to curved, thin-walled, 332–490 µm long, av. 441 µm; trunk 203–309 µm long, av. 256 µm, 6–9.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 14 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 1.5–2, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–7 orders, with sub-straight to curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at acute angles. Ultimate branchlets sub-straight to curved, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 9.5–14.5 µm long, the shorter ones 6–8.5 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.4–1.9, base 2–2.5 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid to elongate with a dark brown colour, 24–31 µm long, 15–20 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.4–1.85, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores not observed.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Veronica officinalis (Gäumann 1918) .</p><p>Confirmed hosts.</p><p>Veronica officinalis and Globularia nudicaulis .</p><p>Reported hosts.</p><p>Veronica officinalis (Gäumann 1918), V. urticifolia (Gäumann 1923; Riethmüller et al. 2002).</p><p>Reported distribution.</p><p>Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy. Spain, Sweden, Switzerland (Gäumann 1923; Riethmüller et al. 2002).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>AUSTRIA. Styria: District of Judenburg, Municipality of Pusterwald, forest path near Assmann, on living leaves of Veronica officinalis, 14 Jun 2011, H. Voglmayr and I. Greilhuber (WU-MYC 0032802) ; District of Judenburg, Municipality of Pusterwald, Hinterwinkel, Waldschlag at Vorderer Pölsenbach, on living leaves of Veronica officinalis, 14 Jun 2011, H. Voglmayr and I. Greilhuber (WU-MYC 0032803) . SWITZERLAND. Canton of Bern: Boltigen, Berner Oberland, on living leaves of Globularia nudicaulis, 29 Jul 2016, T. Brodtbeck (GLM-F 135693) ; Canton of Uri: Spiringen, Klausenpass, on living leaves of Globularia nudicaulis, 24 Aug 2016, T. Brodtbeck (GLM-F 135692) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Gäumann (1918) described P. silvestris on Veronica officinalis, the type host, but also recorded it on Veronica urticifolia (Gäumann 1918, 1923). Subsequently, a specimen (AR 194) collected from Veronica urticifolia was identified as P. silvestris based on its host (Riethmüller et al. 2002). However, phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU sequence (AY 035490) placed specimens from these hosts on a separate branch, with the parasite of V. urticifolia being a previously unrecognised species, P. obscura . Morphologically, P. silvestris is characterised by more globose conidia, with a length-to-breadth ratio of 1.6 ± 0.2, distinguishing it from its sister species, P. palustris .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F94277075EB15E0D933C280F9B9FF63B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
A6E448DA61155EF090F5B38EF2813D1D.text	A6E448DA61155EF090F5B38EF2813D1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peronospora veronicae-cymbalariae Rayss	<div><p>Peronospora veronicae-cymbalariae Rayss, Palestine Journal of Botany 3: 160. 1945.</p><p>Fig. 17</p><p>Description.</p><p>Conidiophores hyaline, straight to sub-straight, slightly curved, 208–284 µm long, av. 246 µm; trunk 88–145 µm long, av. 117 µm, 8–11.5 µm broad, sometimes slightly swollen to up to 16 µm at the base, ratio of the total length to trunk length 2–2.5, callose plugs absent. Branching subdichotomous in 4–5 orders, with sub-straight to slightly curved branches, gradually attenuate, often at right angles. Ultimate branchlets with straight to sub-straight, paired branchlets differing in length, with the longer ones 11–18 µm long, the shorter ones 7–12 µm long, with a ratio of the longer to the shorter ultimate branchlet of 1.3–1.75, base 2.5–3.5 µm broad, apex slightly sharp. Conidia ellipsoid to ovate with a grey colour, 27.5–36.5 µm long, 20–26 µm broad, length-to-breadth ratio 1.2–1.6, basal part of the conidia mostly protruding. Oospores 30–57 µm in diameter.</p><p>Type host.</p><p>Veronica cymbalaria (Rayss 1945).</p><p>Reported distribution.</p><p>Palestine, Greece, Spain (Rayss 1945; this study).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>GREECE. Corfu: Troumpettas, Ag. Anna, near the junction, fire site, on the living leaves of Veronica cymbalaria, 21 Apr 2012, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032810) ; between Ano Garouna and Vouniatades, near Ag. Athanasios, on the living leaves of Veronica cymbalaria, 22 Apr 2012, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032812) ; Troumpettas to Ag. Anna, olive grove, on the living leaves of Veronica cymbalaria, 23 Apr 2012, H. Voglmayr (WU-MYC 0032813) . PALESTINE. Without exact locality: on the living leaves of Veronica cymbalaria, 5 May 1937, T. Rayss (type ZT 85386) . SPAIN. Andalusia: Cadiz Province, SE Alcala de los Gazules, near El Jautor, Auwald, on the living leaves of Veronica cymbalaria, 17 Mar 2011, H. Voglmayr and W. Jaklitsch (WU-MYC 0032796) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Peronospora veronicae-cymbalariae was first identified in Western Asia, specifically in Palestine, in 1945 on Veronica cymbalaria (Rayss, 1945) . Following its initial description, no additional records of this species were reported for several decades. However, since 2010, specimens of P. veronicae-cymbalariae have been collected in Europe. Notably, it has been newly recorded in Greece and Spain. Phylogenetically, as previously noted, P. veronicae-cymbalariae has a sister species, Peronospora sp. on Veronica triloba . While no samples of Peronospora sp. were available for detailed description in this study, it is worth mentioning that nuclear loci fail to effectively distinguish between these two species. In contrast, mitochondrial loci provide clear differentiation, emphasising the importance of multi-locus approaches in phylogenetic studies (Choi et al. 2015 b). Morphologically, compared to other Peronospora species infecting Veronica, P. veronicae-cymbalariae is characterised by having the shortest conidiophores and trunks, averaging 246 µm and 117 µm long, respectively, the highest conidiophore-to-trunk length ratio, up to 3.3, and the larger conidia, averaging 32 × 23 µm, with conidia that are the broadest among the species examined, up to 32 µm broad.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6E448DA61155EF090F5B38EF2813D1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mu, Man;Choi, Young-Joon;Brand, Thomas;Ploch, Sebastian;Voglmayr, Hermann;Thines, Marco	Mu, Man, Choi, Young-Joon, Brand, Thomas, Ploch, Sebastian, Voglmayr, Hermann, Thines, Marco (2026): A revision of Peronospora species on Veronica unravels a species-rich group of downy mildew pathogens with host shifts to economically important ornamental plants. IMA Fungus 17: e 186696, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.186696
