identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9E30D2DD02BB5D04AFC8071F541BA483.text	9E30D2DD02BB5D04AFC8071F541BA483.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exobasidium phylloplanum M. Kolarik, Jezkova, Ngubane, Veselska 2026	<div><p>Exobasidium phylloplanum M. Kolařík, Ježková, Ngubane, Veselská sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name phylloplanum consists of the words phyllos (Greek) = leaf and planum (Latin) = plain, reflective of its association with the phylloplane.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Colonies on MEA with distinct bright pigments (orange, brown, red-brown, pink). Conidia fusiform, 8.2 ± 3.0 µm in length and 1.8 ± 0.2 µm in width. Sexual state not known. Genetically (rDNA), it differs from the closest species, E. woronichinii, by 3.9 % and 1.8 % nucleotides in the ITS and LSU regions, respectively (Fig. 4).</p><p>Typus.</p><p>SLOVAKIA • Bratislava region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.067167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.246834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.067167/lat 48.246834)">Marianka</a>, 48.246833°N, 17.067167°E, alt. 228 m; isolated from phylloplane of Tilia cordata; 6. Nov. 2022; T. Ježková (holotype PRM 964352, dried culture CCF 7021, isotype PRM 964353, culture ex-type CCF 7021, CCY 102 -1 - 1). GenBank sequences: ITS = PX 591258, LSU = PX 591251, SSU = PX 591256; Whole genome sequence: – PRJEB 104467 UNITE database: SH 0934703.10 FU .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Cultures on MEA (3 d old) exhibited filamentous growth with formation of fusiform blastoconidia that were formed acropetally in branched or unbranched chains on sterigma-like structures. Mean conidia length was 8.2 ± 3.0 µm and width 1.8 ± 0.2 µm (Fig. 5). After one week, colonies achieved a diameter of 0.4 ± 0.04 cm; after two weeks, 0.8 ± 0.3 cm; and after three weeks, 0.9 ± 0.2 cm (Suppl. material 9). The pigmentation of colonies became visible after one week of cultivation. In the second week, the pigmentation diffused into the growth medium. The pigmentation of mature colonies is orange-brown in strains CCF 6536 and CCF 7021, while CCF 6537 shows pink-violet pigmentation.</p><p>Physiological and biochemical tests.</p><p>Grows at temperatures between 6–25 ° C, with the optimal growth temperature between 20–25 ° C. Increasing salinity in the growth medium decreases the growth potential of E. phylloplanum . Salinity levels of 16 % or higher entirely impede E. phylloplanum growth. Based on the fermentation test, E. phylloplanum can grow on glucose but does not ferment it (Suppl. material 10). Thus, fermentation of additional carbon sources was not tested. Growth tests showed that E. phylloplanum can grow on all tested carbon sources, although the strains differ slightly in growth rates (Suppl. material 10).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CZECHIA • Litovelské Pomoraví, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.139833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.69317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.139833/lat 49.69317)">Střeň</a>, 49.693167°N, 17.139833°E; 225 m a. s. l., isolated from the intestine of caterpillar Tischeria ekebladella, May 2018, D. Višňovská (CCF 6536); GenBank sequences: ITS = PV 253747, LSU = PX 591250, SSU = PX 591255 ; CZECHIA • Litovelské Pomoraví, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.139833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.69317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.139833/lat 49.69317)">Střeň</a>, 49.693167°N, 17.139833°E; 225 m a. s. l., isolated from the intestine of caterpillar Tischeria ekebladella, May 2018, D. Višňovská (CCF 6537); GenBank sequences: ITS = PX 591259, LSU = PX 591252, SSU = PX 591257 .</p><p>Geography.</p><p>Based on cultivation data, it is known from Czechia, Slovakia (this study), and France ( Palmaria palmata, see Notes). It is widespread across the globe, typically in the temperate climatic zone, with a handful of findings in the tropics and boreal zone (GlobalFungi, Fig. 3 D, Suppl. material 8).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>We consistently detected E. phylloplanum on the surface of healthy leaves, which rules out a plant-parasitic life strategy. This pattern indicates that the species exhibits a saprophytic lifestyle, consistent with the yeast-like stages of Ustilaginomycotina (Begerow et al. 2006), or alternatively behaves also as an opportunistic mycoparasite, as demonstrated for Pseudozyma species (Kitamoto et al. 2019; Steins et al. 2023), or as an endophyte. The morphology of the observed conidia and the type of conidiogenesis agree with the yeast stage of Exobasidium (Nagao et al. 2006; Piątek et al. 2012; Brewer et al. 2014; Jiang et al. 2024). Exobasidium phylloplanum is diagnosed by the secretion of red-brown pigments identified as pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives, gunacins (Stodůlková et al. 2025). Only a small number of Exobasidium species are known from culture. They are typically yellowish or non-pigmented, and we are not aware of any that produce a distinct reddish pigment. Four sequences of undetermined fungi deposited in NCBI GenBank, originating from cultures or envDNA, showed 99.1–99.8 % similarity to E. phylloplanum and are, therefore, most likely this species. They originated from the macroalga Palmaria palmata in France (OR 582938, unpublished), house dust in Finland (AM 902052, Pitkäranta et al. 2008; FR 682357, unpublished), alder leaves from streams in Finland (KT 160678, Mykrä et al. 2016), and living leaves of Nothofagus sp. in New Zealand (MF 976765, unpublished). Interestingly, the viability of E. phylloplanum propagules isolated from insect guts suggests potential insect-mediated transfer between plants, as reported for E. maculosum by Newell et al. (2023). However, the role of insect vectoring in the spread of Exobasidium species warrants further experimentation. Exobasidium species are described based on features of their sexual state. Therefore, it may represent an asexual stage of an already described Exobasidium species for which no molecular data are available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E30D2DD02BB5D04AFC8071F541BA483	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veselská, Tereza;Ježková, Tereza;Ngubane, Nombuso P.;Wennrich, Adéla;Kostovčík, Martin;Hařovská, Denisa;Šigut, Martin;Pyszko, Petr;Bracewell, Ryan;Drozd, Pavel;Begerow, Dominik;Kolařík, Miroslav	Veselská, Tereza, Ježková, Tereza, Ngubane, Nombuso P., Wennrich, Adéla, Kostovčík, Martin, Hařovská, Denisa, Šigut, Martin, Pyszko, Petr, Bracewell, Ryan, Drozd, Pavel, Begerow, Dominik, Kolařík, Miroslav (2026): The saprotrophic dimension of Exobasidium (Exobasidiales, Basidiomycota): evidence for greater diversity and ecological flexibility than previously recognized. IMA Fungus 17: e 180524, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.180524
