identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D06BFB32FF9A61136AB705ABFA1373AB.text	D06BFB32FF9A61136AB705ABFA1373AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bothriocerini Muir 1923	<div><p>Tribe Bothriocerini Muir, 1923</p><p>Key to genera of extant Bothriocerini</p><p>1. Vertex with subapical transverse carina absent (or at posterior margin of vertex, Figs. 3A, 5A), forewings patterned or transparent (Figs. 2C, 6), males with medioventral process of the pygofer relatively short (usually wider than long, Fig. 3B, 7B)...... 2</p><p>-. Vertex bearing subapical transverse carina between apical transverse carina and posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 3C), forewings deeply embrowned (Fig. 2D), males with medioventral process of the pygofer elongated (nearly 2x as long as greatest width, Fig. 3D)........................................................................... Bothrioceretta Caldwell</p><p>2. Forewings transparent with few markings (Fig. 6); aedeagus with shield-like structure arising at the aedeagal apex (Fig. 9B, AF)............................................................................... Circumdara gen. nov.</p><p>-. Forewings often extensively patterned (Fig. 2C); aedeagus without shield-like sclerite............. Bothriocera Burmeister</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D06BFB32FF9A61136AB705ABFA1373AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A.;Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A.;Vega, Jefferson Orozco;Chaves, Birgid Montero;Bartlett, Charles R.;Bahder, Brian W.	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Vega, Jefferson Orozco, Chaves, Birgid Montero, Bartlett, Charles R., Bahder, Brian W. (2025): A new genus in the tribe Bothriocerini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from the cloud forests of Costa Rica, a key to genus, and an updated molecular phylogeny. Zootaxa 5737 (3): 329-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2
D06BFB32FF9B61126AB704A0FAFA74B2.text	D06BFB32FF9B61126AB704A0FAFA74B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Circumdara Bahder & Bartlett 2025	<div><p>Circumdara Bahder &amp; Bartlett gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to average-sized cixiids (4.6–4.8 mm). Head in dorsal view narrower than pronotum. Vertex broad and quadrate, greatest length (near anterior margin) wider than midlength, produced in front of eyes, anterior margin concave, posterior margin truncate. Vertex bearing apical transverse carinae (convexly arched) near level of antennae, meet anteriorly by median carina of frons; subapical transverse carinae absent on disc. Head in lateral view produced in front of antennae, lateral carinae of frons forming a c-shaped flange defining deep elongated antennal depression. Antennae anterior to eyes, short, scape hidden, flagellum apical and setaceous. Lateral ocelli above antennae at anteriordorsal margin of eyes. Eyes elongate-oval (long axis lateral), medially compressed at antennae. Genae bearing transverse carina, most distinct between ventral margin of eye and lateral carina of face. Head in facial view broad, with sides of frons and clypeus carinate, dorsolateral portions of frons expanded and auriculate, longitudinal midline of frons carinate on dorsal portion. Face bearing sublateral carina, dorsal margin curled medially, ventral margins meeting just below median ocellus, circumscribing a triangular central tablet. Frontal ocellus prominent. Frontoclypeal suture linear. Clypeus elongated, tricarinate, anterior margin of maxillary plate convex. Rostrum exceeding hindcoxae.</p><p>Pronotum medially very narrow, posterior margin broadly concave. Mesonotum tricarinate. Hind tibiae with six lateral spines, apical spinulation 5-6-6. Forewings weakly patterned, held broadly overlapped in repose; relatively short and broadly spatulate, dorsal margin broadly convex, ventral margin concave, apex broadly rounded; clavus short, apex in basal third, pterostigma proximad of midlength, veins ScP+R and MP separate at apex of basal cell, post cubital cell broad, branching pattern RA 2-branched, RP 3-branched, MP 5-branched, CuA 2-branched. Veins without setae-bearing pustules. Male terminalia with pygofer irregular in shape from lateral view, broadest medially, caudal margin broadly concave, medioventral process triangular, broader than tall. Aedeagus with straight shaft, subapically bearing large shield-like process along left lateral margin, and dextrally curled. Partly membranous endosoma with two large projections that encompass aedeagal shaft. Anal tube short, apices elongated and downcurved, paraproct short and conical.</p><p>Remarks. The new genus can be distinguished from Bothrioceretta because it lacks the subapical transverse carina on the vertex (or, as described by Szwedo, 2002, it is shifted to posterior margin, creating small areolets in the posterior angles), and the medioventral process of the pygofer is triangular (elongate in Bothrioceretta), similar to that of Bothriocera . The apices of the forewings in Circumdara gen. nov. overlap as seen in Bothrioceretta . Superficially, Circumdara gen. nov. resembles Bothriocera; however, there are two distinct features of the aedeagus that separate the two. Circumdara gen. nov. possesses a large, shield-like structure arising at the aedeagal apex that extends cephalad, nearly reaching the base (Figs. 8, 14) (absent in Bothriocera). Secondly, Circumdara gen. nov. possesses a unique endosoma that is split into two major regions (similar to Bothriocera); however, the novel taxon has the anterior region of the endosoma with two large, lateral projections that curve ventrally, completely encompassing the aedeagal shaft, a feature absent in Bothriocera .</p><p>In life, both species of Circumdara gen. nov. had waxy pruinosity (similar to iNaturalist observation 287025230), making specimens nearly white in vivo. In available specimens, the wing markings were intraspecifically similar, suggesting that forewing patterns may be a more reliable diagnostic character than appear to be in Bothriocera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D06BFB32FF9B61126AB704A0FAFA74B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A.;Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A.;Vega, Jefferson Orozco;Chaves, Birgid Montero;Bartlett, Charles R.;Bahder, Brian W.	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Vega, Jefferson Orozco, Chaves, Birgid Montero, Bartlett, Charles R., Bahder, Brian W. (2025): A new genus in the tribe Bothriocerini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from the cloud forests of Costa Rica, a key to genus, and an updated molecular phylogeny. Zootaxa 5737 (3): 329-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2
D06BFB32FF9B611D6AB70314FC7870A1.text	D06BFB32FF9B611D6AB70314FC7870A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Circumdara cidicera Bahder & Bartlett 2025	<div><p>Circumdara cidicera Bahder &amp; Bartlett gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 4–9)</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.48509&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.48509/lat 10.203231)">Hotel Villa Blanca</a>, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica (10.203231, -84.485094) (Fig. 1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Forewings transparent with three fuscous spots along nodal line (between MP 1.1 and im). Medioventral process of pygofer very broad at base, subtriangular, approximately 4X as wide as long at midpoint; endosoma with single row of serrated flanges on dorsal margin; aedeagal flange with apex blunt in dorsal view, bearing a flap-like process.</p><p>Description. Color. General body color medium brown (Fig. 4), lighter on mesonotum from median carina to lateral carinae; head, pronotum and legs almost testaceous (Fig. 5), forewings clear, slightly tinted yellow in basal half, three distinct spots at the r-m and two im crossveins, one fuscous patch at wing margin between the RP 1+2 and RP 3 and fuscous patch along posterior margin of clavus (Fig. 6).</p><p>Structure. Body length with wings; male 4.6 mm, female 4.8 mm (Table 2). Head. In dorsal view (Fig. 5A), head broad, roughly quadrangular, wider anterior to eyes, width at widest point about 2.2X length at midline. Vertex with apical transverse carinae arched, extending transversely to join at midline just in front of eyes (bisecting head apex, joined anteriorly by extension of median carina of frons); subapical transverse carina absent (or along posterior margin), median carinae obsolete; disc depressed posterior to anterior transverse carinae (bearing a pit on either side of midline); anterior and posterior margins concave; in lateral view (Fig. 5B), profile irregularly sinuate, posterior margin of vertex raised, irregularly declinate anteriorly, anterior margin projecting in front of eyes, lateral margin of frons forming conspicuous c-shaped keels anterior to antenna defining deep elongated antennal depression.Antennae situated directly in front of eyes. Lateral ocelli conspicuous, dorsal to antennae at anterodorsal margin of eye. Eyes dumbbell-shaped (long axis verticle), narrowed at antennae. Transverse carina on gena below antenna between ventroanterior margin of eye to anterior margin of head. In frontal view (Fig. 5C), face broad, roughly triangular in shape, widest dorsally at auriculate expansion of head, constricting ventrad to frontoclypeal suture, median carina distinct to median ocellus. Distinct lateral carinae, meeting medially below antennae, forming u-shape. Frontoclypeal suture obscure, roughly transverse (a pair of lateral dark markings near lateral extensions of frontoclypeal sutures perhaps marking anterior tentorial pits). Eyes in lateral view roughly dumbbell-shaped. Antennae short, scape hidden, pedicel wider than tall, roughly C-shaped in lateral view, bearing irregularly placed sensory plaques, flagellum setaceous with bulbous base.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view very narrow, anterior margin linear, posterior margin deeply concave, apparently tricarinate (Fig. 5A). Mesonotum in dorsal view approximately as wide as long at midpoint, tricarinate, lateral carinae weekly diverging, all carinae appearing to reach posterior margin (Fig. 5A). Forewing broadly spatulate, narrow basally, expanding to approximately 2X the width in distal 2/3 after clavus; RA 2-branched, RP 3-branched, MP 5-branched, CuA 2-branched (Fig. 6). Hind tibiae lacking lateral spines. Spinulation of tibal apex and tarsomeres 5-6-6.</p><p>Terminalia.Pygofer in lateral view narrow dorsally, expanded medially (widest just below midpoint), constricting to ventral margin, anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex (Fig. 7). In ventral view, medioventral process low subtriangular, broad at base, approximately 4X wider than long (Fig. 7). Gonostyli in lateral view stout and upcurved, concave on dorsal margin, pointed at apex, ventral margin with large subtriangular projection (Fig. 7); in ventral view closely approximated, irregularly sinuate on inner and outer margins, ventral projections appearing rounded, apices irregularly rounded (Fig. 7). Aedeagus complex (Figs. 8 &amp; 9), bearing large, lateral flange (AF) with flap-like processes (AP) arising on left lateral side. Endosoma complex, dextrally helically curved, split into two distinct regions; the first region near aedeagal apex bears single, serrated process (E1, Fig. 9B), angled towards right lateral side with E1 curving ventrad. Second region of endosoma positioned on dorsal margin bearing three processes; E2 arising on left lateral margin, angled caudad and dorsad, E3 arising on left lateral side extending dorsally over aedeagal shaft, curving ventrally on right lateral side, terminating under aedeagal shaft, E4 arising on left lateral side (Fig. 9B), curved ventrally, rounded at apex, extending underneath aedeagal shaft, E3 and E4 apices cross below aedeagal shaft, completely encompassing the shaft. Anal tube in lateral view short, apices elongated, directed ventrad, apex rounded, approximately reaching gonostyli, dorsal margin slightly sinuate (Fig. 7A); in dorsal view, asymmetrical, apex skewed slightly to right lateral side, apex truncate (Fig. 7C).</p><p>Plant associations. Unidentified palm species ( Arecaceae).</p><p>Distribution. Costa Rica, Alajuela Province.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is given as an honorific of the Centro de Investigación sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER) whose support for this research was integral. The name is intended to be indeclinable.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male “ Costa Rica, Alajuela Pr. / Hotel Villa Blanca / 15.VII.2025 / sweeping palms / Coll.: B.W.Bahder // Holotype / Circumdara cidicera ♂” (FLREC) . Paratypes (2 males, 3 females); 1 male same data as holotype, 1 male, 3 females collected on same date at light trap .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D06BFB32FF9B611D6AB70314FC7870A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A.;Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A.;Vega, Jefferson Orozco;Chaves, Birgid Montero;Bartlett, Charles R.;Bahder, Brian W.	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Vega, Jefferson Orozco, Chaves, Birgid Montero, Bartlett, Charles R., Bahder, Brian W. (2025): A new genus in the tribe Bothriocerini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from the cloud forests of Costa Rica, a key to genus, and an updated molecular phylogeny. Zootaxa 5737 (3): 329-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2
D06BFB32FF94611A6AB702A6FCD27602.text	D06BFB32FF94611A6AB702A6FCD27602.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Circumdara nela Bahder & Bartlett 2025	<div><p>Circumdara nela Bahder &amp; Bartlett gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 10–15)</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.48509&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.48509/lat 10.203231)">Hotel Villa Blanca</a>, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica (10.203231, -84.485094) (Fig. 1) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Forewings irregularly mottled with fuscous patches (mainly along nodal line and crossveins at level with r-m). Medioventral process of pygofer subtriangular, approximately as wide as long at midpoint. Aedeagal endosoma with two long rows of serrated flanges on dorsal margin; aedeagal flange with apex strongly pointed in dorsal view, bearing a process that is spinose on outer margin.</p><p>Description. Color. General body color dark brown (Fig. 10), lighter on mesonotum from median carina to lateral carinae; head, pronotum and legs almost testaceous (Fig. 11); forewings clear, slightly tinted yellow in basal half, irregularly mottled with fuscous patches (Fig. 10).</p><p>Structure. Body length with wings; male 4.6 mm, female 4.8 mm (Table 3). Head. In dorsal view (Fig. 11A), head roughly quadrangular, wider anterior to eyes, width at widest point about 2.2X length at midline. Vertex with apical transverse carinae arched, extending transversely to join at midline just in front of eyes (bisecting head apex, joined anteriorly by extension of median carina of frons); subapical transverse carina absent (or along posterior margin); median carinae obsolete, disc depressed (bearing defined pit on either side of midline); anterior and posterior margins concave; in lateral view (Fig. 11B), profile irregularly sinuate, vertex posterior margin raised, irregularly declinate anteriorly, projecting in front of eyes, lateral margins of head forming deep elongated depression, antennae situated directly anterior to eyes, lateral ocelli dorsal to antennae at anterodorsal margin of eye, transverse carina on gena below antenna between ventroanterior margin of eye to anterior margin of head. In frontal view (Fig. 11C), face broad, roughly triangular in shape, frons widest dorsally at auriculate expansion of head, constricting ventrad to frontoclypeal suture, median carina distinct to median ocellus; distinct lateral carinae, meeting medially below antennae, forming a U-shaped tablet from level of ventral margin of eyes to beneath the median ocellus. Frontoclypeal suture obscure and roughly transverse (a pair of lateral dark markings near lateral extensions of frontoclypeal sutures perhaps marking anterior tentorial pits). Eyes in lateral view roughly dumbbell shaped (long axis vertical). Antennae short, scape hidden, pedicel wider than tall, roughly C-shaped in lateral view, bearing irregularly placed sensory plaques, flagellum setaceous with bulbous base.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view very short with anterior margin linear, posterior margin deeply concave, appearing tricarinate (Fig. 11A). Mesonotum in dorsal view approximately as wide as long at midpoint, tricarinate (Fig. 11A). Forewing spatulate, narrow basally, expanding to approximately 2X the width in distal 2/3 after clavus; RA 2-branched, RP 3-branches, MP 5-branched, CuA 2-branched (Fig. 12). Hind tibiae lacking lateral spines, apical spinulation of tibal apex and tarsomeres 5-6-6.</p><p>Terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view narrow dorsally, expanded ventrad (widest near midpoint), constricted ventrad except expanded on ventral margin; anterior margin concave, posterior margin irregularly sinuate (Fig. 13A); in ventral view, medioventral process subtriangular, approximately as wide as long at midpoint (Fig. 13B). Gonostyli in lateral view stout, angled dorsad, dorsal surface concave, apex rounded; subtriangular projection on ventral margin near midlength (Fig. 13A); in ventral view, gonostyli approximated, lateral margins subparallel, ventral projections arising medially, apices semitruncate (Fig. 13B). Aedeagus complex, shaft straight, tubular, apex bearing large, shield-like flange (AF, Figs. 14B, 15B), extending almost to aedeagal base on left lateral margin, in dorsal view (Figs. 14A, 15A), apex pointed, small process (AP) rising on outer lateral side near midpoint, angled dorsad. Endosoma helically twisted, split into two regions, posterior region curved dorsally over shaft to right lateral side, bearing one large, serrated process (E1); anterior region larger, bearing rounded process (E2) along dorsal margin on left lateral side and two additional lateral processes curving ventrad, surrounding aedeagal shaft, process arising on left lateral side (E3) curving dorsally initially over aedeagal shaft then ventrally and process on right lateral side (E4) immediately curving ventrally. Two rows of serrations along dorsal margin of anterior region (Figs. 14, 15). Anal tube in lateral view short, apices elongated, directed ventrad, apex pointed, approximately reaching gonostyli, dorsal margin slightly sinuate (Fig. 13A); in dorsal view, asymmetrical, apex skewed slightly to right lateral side, apex truncate (Fig. 13C).</p><p>Plant associations. Multiple, unidentified immature palm species ( Arecaceae).</p><p>Distribution. Alajuela Province, Costa Rica.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is a nickname of Marienla Hidalgo Matamoros from CIDICER. It is named in recognition of her assistance in establishing this project. The name is intended to be indeclinable.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male “ Costa Rica, Alajuela Pr. / Hotel Villa Blanca / 15.VII.2025 / sweeping palms / Coll.: B.W.Bahder // Holotype / Circumdara nela ♂” (FLREC) . Paratypes (1 male, 4 females); 1 male same data as holotype, 4 females collected on same date at light trap .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D06BFB32FF94611A6AB702A6FCD27602	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A.;Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A.;Vega, Jefferson Orozco;Chaves, Birgid Montero;Bartlett, Charles R.;Bahder, Brian W.	Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin A., Zumbado Echavarria, Marco A., Vega, Jefferson Orozco, Chaves, Birgid Montero, Bartlett, Charles R., Bahder, Brian W. (2025): A new genus in the tribe Bothriocerini (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from the cloud forests of Costa Rica, a key to genus, and an updated molecular phylogeny. Zootaxa 5737 (3): 329-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.3.2
