identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
642CA9675DFB5BD7ADE89349A82AE2DD.text	642CA9675DFB5BD7ADE89349A82AE2DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalonomia hyalinipennis Ashmead 1893	<div><p>3.5. Cephalonomia hyalinipennis Ashmead, 1893</p><p>Figures 3, 17</p><p>Cephalonomia hyalinipennis Ashmead, 1893: 49</p><p>non Cephalonomia hyalinipennis – Pérez-Lachaud 1998; Nishida 2002: 149 (misidentifications)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Lectotype (here designated): ♀; USA, Florida, Jacksonville, [reared from gall of] Holcaspis omnivora [= Disholcaspis quercusomnivora Ashmead], April 1887, Type No. 14057 . — Paralectotype: ♀; USA, Florida, Jacksonville, [reared from gall of] Amphibolips cinerea [= Amphibolips quercuscinerea (Ashmead)], April 1887, Type No. 14057, USNMENT 01569950 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>LH: WH ≈ 1.3 in female. Forewing subhyaline with 2 r-rs + Rs vein reduced to fold. Mesoscutellum with reticulate sculpture similar to that of anteromesoscutum and dorsal pronotal area. Metapectal-propodeal disc with posterior carina complete, cuticle reticulate without smooth polished areas, similar sculpture on either side of the posterior carina (in paralectotype slightly smoother anterior of carina). Anterior ocellus circular. Second gastral sternum (S 3) entirely conspicuously reticulate, similar to laterotergites.</p><p>Distinguished from C. lynnea and C. luiji by having the mesoscutellum entirely reticulate, rather than medially polished. Distinguished from C. liula by the nebulous 2 r-rs + Rs vein (sclerotized and tubular distally in C. liula). Distinguished from C. kala by the narrower clypeus ( C. kala with clypeus broadly triangular, the toruli separated by more than their width). Distinguished from C. zander by the weaker sculpture on the frons. Distinguished from C. soconuscensis and further distinguished from all the above species by S 3 entirely conspicuously reticulate (S 3 distinctly more polished than laterotergites in the others) (Fig. 17). All the above are also distinguished by various morphometric ratios: see Figs 15, 16 and species notes and descriptions for relative ranges.</p><p>Relevant characters.</p><p>(For morphometric measurements, L = Lectotype, P = Paralectotype) Female: Length: 1.8 (L), 1.8 (P) mm. Head: Frons shining with reticulate sculpture and sparse setae. LH: WH = 1.28 (L), 1.27 (P); LH: VOL = 2.08 (L), 2.27 (P); LH: LE = 2.60 (L), 2.43 (P); LH: TH = 1.93 (L), 2.00 (P); WF: WH = 0.53 (L), 0.54 (P); WF: LE = 1.08 (L), 1.04 (P); WHE: WHPE = 1.01 (L), 1.03 (P); VOL: LE = 1.25 (L), 1.07 (P). Anterior ocellus circular in shape. WOT: OOL = 0.44 (L), 0.45 (P); POL: AOL = 1.04 (L), 1.01 (P); AOT = 64 (L), 61 (P). Median lobe of clypeus narrow, slightly elevated but elevation broadly rounded and not acute; toruli not positioned especially widely on face, WT: WM = 0.13 (L), 0.19 (P). Mandibles tridentate with indistinct fourth tooth, second and third teeth somewhat blunt. Mesosoma: Dorsal pronotal area, posterior of anteromesoscutum, and mesoscutellum all with similarly reticulate sculpture. Metapectal-propodeal disc with lateral marginal carina present, posterior carina present and complete. Metapectal-propodeal disc also with reticulate sculpture, intensity of reticulations relatively even over its surface except subtly heavier medially to appear as weak median carina that becomes decreasingly distinct by posterior margin of disc, and subtly weaker near center of disc aside from faint extension of median carina; declivity also with reticulate sculpture; difference in sculpture on either side of transition from disc to declivity not especially strong. LTP: LH = 1.09 (L), 1.06 (P); LPD: WPD = 0.99 (L), 1.05 (P); LPD: LP = 0.73 (L), 0.72 (P). Metasoma: Generally polished dorsally, S 3 distinctly and entirely reticulate; setae present near posterior margin of each segment. Forewing: Macropterous. Sc + R, prestigmal abcissa of radial 1, and small pterostigma sclerotized. 2 r-rs + Rs vein absent, reduced to fold. Rs + M, M + Cu, and A indistinctly pigmented. Membrane subhyaline. LW: WW = 2.88 (L), 3.04 (P). Coloration: Dark brown except: basal antennal segments somewhat lighter, tibiae dark brown medially but fade to yellow-brown basally and apically, tarsi yellow.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Reported widely from North and South America, Europe, and Hawai'i (Evans 1978; Nishida 2002); however, in light of the revisions here, all these records should be critically reexamined, as it is likely the true C. hyalinipennis has a much more restricted distribution.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Reared from oak galls (Ashmead 1893), probably attacking inquilinous beetles rather than the gall-inducing wasp.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was redescribed by Evans (1978), but not sufficiently to separate it from the other species described here. The additional characters provided should distinguish it not only from those treated here but other potential semi-cryptic species in its native range. The list of incorrect referrals is obviously far from exhaustive, and given the large number of similar taxa found in this paper, likely includes most of the references to C. hyalinipennis cited in the Introduction.</p><p>The type status of this species has been somewhat confused. Ashmead (1893) originally described it from two syntype specimens, purportedly one male and one female, both reared from oak galls in Jacksonville, Florida. Evans (1978) later only mentions the female, referring to it as the “ type; ” his male description is based on a “ plesioallotype ” (an essentially meaningless designation) collected nearly 80 years later, and from a different locality and habitat. The more intact specimen is definitely a female, and is identifiable as the one Ashmead determined as such by the rearing record; it bears a lectotype label by C. Azevedo from 2003, but this does not appear to have been formally published, so it is designated as such here. The paralectotype, labeled as male by Ashmead, also appears to be a female and is noted as such by Azevedo’s label; it is in pieces glued to a card and with the very apex of its abdomen missing, but has the head and antennal shape more characteristic of females.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/642CA9675DFB5BD7ADE89349A82AE2DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Honsberger, David;Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela;Magnacca, Karl N.;Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli;Kelly, Sandor L.;Wright, Mark G.;Gariepy, Tara D.	Honsberger, David, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Magnacca, Karl N., Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli, Kelly, Sandor L., Wright, Mark G., Gariepy, Tara D. (2026): Unraveling a complex of cryptic species near Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their association with the coffee berry borer and other hosts. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 609-645, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174388
65991BAE03B15A0AB53AA88B4B533A15.text	65991BAE03B15A0AB53AA88B4B533A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalonomia kala Honsberger, Magnacca & Lorenzo-Elarco 2026	<div><p>3.9. Cephalonomia kala Honsberger, Magnacca &amp; Lorenzo-Elarco sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 10, 18 J – L</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 10): ♀; MacFarms 8 / 22 / 96 // MA 1-03/Ceph-0107 (BOLD ID CEPHH 117-25) // UHIM 2015.46859, Univ. of HI Insect Museum (UHIM) . — Paratypes: 6 ♀; all point mounted. Same data as holotype, except MA 1-01/Ceph-0105 (BOLD ID CEPHH 115-25) // UHIM 2015.46896 Univ. of HI Insect Museum (UHIM) • same data as holotype, except MA 1-02/Ceph-0106 (BOLD ID CEPHH 116-25) // UHIM 2015.46856 Univ. of HI Insect Museum (UHIM) • [without collection data label but apparently from same series as holotype] MA 1-04/Ceph-0108 (BOLD ID CEPHH 118-23) (UHIM) • [without collection data label but apparently from same series as holotype] MA 1-05/Ceph-0109 (BOLD ID CEPHH 119-25) (UHIM) • [without collection data label but apparently from same series as holotype] MA 1-06/Ceph-0110 (BOLD ID CEPHH 120-25) (UHIM) • USA: HI, Hawaii; Waimea- DOFAW; tree nursery; 23. iii. 2010 // ex. At large on Naio; coll. L. Ishii // Cephalonomia hyalinipennis Ashmead 1893; det. B. Hoffman; 19. XI. 2020 / # 2010-074 (HDOA) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>LH: WH ≈ 1.2 in female. Forewing subhyaline with 2 r-rs + Rs reduced to fold. Median clypeal lobe broadly triangular, toruli somewhat widely set on face. Mesoscutellum with reticulate sculpture; reticulations on pronotal disc fainter and about half the density (each reticulation about twice the size) compared with middle of anteromesoscutum. Metapectal-propodeal disc with posterior carina present only laterally, cuticle with weakly reticulate sculpture in posterior half, stronger reticulations in anterior half and on declivity, abrupt change in sculpture on either side of the posterior carina. Anterior ocellus small and subcircular. BOLD: BIN AFU 9765.</p><p>Distinguished from other known species in the complex by the broadly triangular median clypeal lobe. Further distinguished from C. lynnea and C. luiji by the mesoscutellum entirely with reticulate sculpture. Further distinguished from C. liula by lacking vein 2 r-rs + Rs. Further distinguished from C. zander and C. hyalinipennis by the relative density of reticulations on pronotal disc compared to mesoscutum medially (about half as dense in C. kala, may be slightly less dense but not so distinctly in C. zander and C. hyalinipennis), and the ratios LH: WH and WF: WH; and further from C. hyalinipennis by S 3 polished medially. Further distinguished from C. soconuscensis by LH: WH, WF: WH, POL: AOL, and AOT. Distinguished from C. utahensis by its subhyaline forewings.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: Length range: 1.7–2.2 mm (n = 6). Head: Frons shining with reticulate sculpture and sparse setae; sculpture fading dorsally to become distinctly more smooth on posterior frons, and small smooth area medially just posterior of median clypeal lobe. LH: WH = 1.17–1.22, 6, [1.16, 1.24]; LH: VOL = 2.15–2.30, 6, [2.12, 2.39]; LH: LE = 2.44–2.54, 6, [2.39, 2.55]; LH: TH = 1.90–2.16, 6, [1.79, 2.22]; WF: WH = 0.57–0.58, 6, [0.56, 0.59]; WF: LE = 1.14–1.20, 6, [1.13, 1.22]; WHE: WHPE = 0.99–1.02, 6, [0.99, 1.03]; VOL: LE = 1.06–1.18, 6, [0.99, 1.20]. Anterior ocellus small and subcircular in shape. WOT: OOL = 0.41–0.43, 6, [0.40, 0.43]; POL: AOL = 0.91–1.00, 6, [0.86, 1.01]; AOT = 56–60, 6, [54, 61]. Median clypeal lobe broadly triangular, not raised; toruli positioned somewhat widely on face, WT: WM = 0.21–0.24, 5, [0.19, 0.25]. Mandibles tridentate with indistinct fourth tooth, second and third teeth somewhat pointed. Mesosoma: Dorsal pronotal area, posterior of anteromesoscutum, and mesoscutellum all with reticulate sculpture; reticulations on dorsum of pronotum slightly fainter and distinctly less dense than on anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellum. Metapectal-propodeal disc with lateral carina present, posterior margin carinate only laterally. Anterior of metapectal-propodeal disc with reticulate sculpture, increasingly coarse medially to appear raised as indistinct median carina that fades in strength posteriorly, dissipating by posterior margin; reticulations lighter in posterior half of disc, especially medially aside from faint extension of median carina; declivity with somewhat heavier reticulations; difference in sculpture on either side of transition from disc to declivity distinct but not especially strong. LTP: LH = 0.98–1.07, 6, [0.97, 1.10]; LPD: WPD = 0.93–0.99, 6, [0.91, 1.01]; LPD: LP = 0.74–0.79, 6, [0.72, 0.80]. Metasoma: Polished, setae present near posterior margin of each gastral segment. S 3 medially with sculpture faint and generally polished. Forewing: Macropterous. Sc + R, prestigmal abcissa of radial 1, and small pterostigma sclerotized. 2 r-rs + Rs vein absent and reduced to fold. Rs + M, M + Cu, and A indistinctly pigmented. Membrane subhyaline. Coloration: Dark brown except: basal antennal segments and mandible somewhat lighter, tibiae yellow-brown, tarsi yellow. — Male: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named for Merkumungu Kaladine Berocan. The species name is to be treated as a noun in apposition. Kalā'anapa, which translates to the gleaming sun, was selected for the Hawaiian common name. Ka lā means both “ the sun ” and “ the dorsal fin ”, and connects to the widely triangular, fin-like shape of the median clypeal lobe of this species and appears as the sun rising from the anterior horizon of the face. Kalā'anapa also sounds like kala'anapa, this species with kala (rough) sculpture which shines in the light (' anapa).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>All but one of the specimens from which this species were described were from a series present in UHIM presumably representing one collection event. Some were labeled with “ MacFarms // 8 / 22 / 96 ”, the rest unlabeled. No other collection data was present. MacFarms presumably refers to macadamia nut orchards managed by MacFarms on Hawai'i island in Hawai'i. The one additional known specimen is also from Hawai'i island, from Waimea. This species is likely adventive in Hawai'i.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Unknown, but given its collection location at MacFarms, presumably found in association with macadamia trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65991BAE03B15A0AB53AA88B4B533A15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Honsberger, David;Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela;Magnacca, Karl N.;Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli;Kelly, Sandor L.;Wright, Mark G.;Gariepy, Tara D.	Honsberger, David, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Magnacca, Karl N., Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli, Kelly, Sandor L., Wright, Mark G., Gariepy, Tara D. (2026): Unraveling a complex of cryptic species near Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their association with the coffee berry borer and other hosts. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 609-645, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174388
14091B0008DF5247AD368C7AD207198B.text	14091B0008DF5247AD368C7AD207198B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalonomia liula Honsberger, Magnacca & Lorenzo-Elarco 2026	<div><p>3.8. Cephalonomia liula Honsberger, Magnacca &amp; Lorenzo-Elarco sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1 A, 8, 9, 14 C, 18 G – I, 19 G – I</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 8 A – D): ♀; Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.8136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.2946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.8136/lat 21.2946)">Mānoa</a>; 21.2946°N, 157.8136°W, 20 m; ex Ficus microcarpa branches; 2. viii. 2022; D. Honsberger; FM 3-01/Ceph-0011 (BOLD ID CEPHH 011-23); (point mounted, UHIM) . — Allotype (Fig. 8 E – H): ♂; same data as holotype; FM 4-05/Ceph-0017 (BOLD ID CEPHH 017-23); (point mounted, UHIM) . — Paratypes: 14 ♀, 6 ♂; all point mounted. Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.8136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.2946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.8136/lat 21.2946)">Mānoa</a>; 21.2946°N, 157.8136°W, 20 m; ex Ficus microcarpa branches; 2. viii. 2022; D. Honsberger; 7 ♀ FM 4-09/Ceph-0021 (BOLD ID CEPHH 021-23) (USNM), FM 3-02/Ceph-0012 (BOLD ID CEPHH 012-23) (USNM), FM 3-03/Ceph-0013 (BOLD ID CEPHH 013-23) (BPBM), FM 3-04/Ceph-0014 (BOLD ID CEPHH 014-23) (USNM), FM 3-05/Ceph-0015 (BOLD ID CEPHH 015-23) (UHIM), FM 4-08/Ceph-0020 (BOLD ID CEPHH 020-23) (UHIM), FM 4-11/Ceph-0022 (BOLD ID CEPHH 022-23) (BPBM) • same data as previous except: ex Ficus microcarpa branch, reared from larva ectoparasitic on Leptophloeus sp. larva under bark; 2 ♀ FM 4-01/Cehy-0003 (BOLD ID CEPHH 100-23) (BPBM), FM 4-02/Cehy-0004 (BOLD ID CEPHH 101-23) (UHIM) • same data as previous except: ex Ficus microcarpa branch, reared from one of two pupal cocoons next to desiccated Leptophloeus sp. larva under bark; 2 ♀, 2 ♂ FM 4-03/Ceph-0016 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 016-23) (USNM), FM 4-06/Ceph-0018 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 018-23) (BPBM), FM 4-04/Cehy-0005 (♂) (BOLD ID CEPHH 102-23) (USNM), FM 4-07/Ceph-0019 (♂) (BOLD ID CEPHH 019-23) (UHIM) • same data as previous except: ex Ficus microcarpa branch, reared from pupal cocoon next to desiccated Leptophloeus sp. larva under bark; 1 ♀, 2 ♂ FM 4-10 (♀) (UHIM), FM 4-12/Ceph-0023 [gaster removed, genitalia slide mounted] (♂) (BOLD ID CEPHH 023-23) (UHIM), FM 4-13 (♂) (BPBM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.813&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.2975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.813/lat 21.2975)">Wa'ahila</a>; 21.2975°N, 157.8130°W, 56 m; ex Leucaena leucocephala branch, reared from one of two pupal cocoons next to desiccated Leptophloeus sp. larva under bark; 5. ii. 2022; D. Honsberger; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ HK 5-02/Ceph-0033 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 033-23) (USNM), HK 5-01/Ceph-0032 (♂) (BOLD ID CEPHH 032-23) (BPBM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.711/lat 21.334)">Waimānalo</a>; 21.334°N, 157.711°W, 26 m; ex macadamia husks; 18. xii. 2019; D. Honsberger; 1 ♀ (BPBM), 1 ♂ MN 2-06/Ceph-0038 (BOLD ID CEPHH 038-23) (USNM) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Forewing with 2 r-rs + Rs vein pigmented distally, unsclerotized and not visible basally near pterostigma, sclerotized portion distinctly visible when backlit. LH: WH ≈ 1.3 in females, ≈ 1.1 in males. Mesoscutellum smooth and polished except near lateral margin, in contrast with reticulate sculpture of anteromesoscutum. Metapectal-propodeal disc with posterior carina present and complete; cuticle smooth just anterior of carina, reticulate on declivity. BOLD: BIN ACZ 1832.</p><p>Both sexes can be distinguished from all other known Cephalonomia spp. by the forewing with the distal part of 2 r-rs + Rs vein sclerotized and pigmented, basally reduced to a fold and not otherwise visible. No other known Cephalonomia sp. has a sclerotized 2 r-rs + Rs vein.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: Length range: 1.3–1.6 mm (n = 18). Head: Frons shining with weak reticulate sculpture and sparse setae, reticulations of even intensity over frons. LH: WH = 1.26–1.33, 15, [1.26, 1.34]; LH: VOL = 2.42–2.65, 15, [2.37, 2.63]; LH: LE = 2.33–2.64, 15, [2.34, 2.69]; LH: TH = 2.19–2.34, 6, [2.14, 2.38]; WF: WH = 0.59–0.62, 15, [0.58, 0.63]; WF: LE = 1.04–1.26, 15, [1.03, 1.32]; WHE: WHPE = 1.00–1.06, 15, [1.00, 1.06]; VOL: LE = 0.88–1.09, 15, [0.89, 1.13]. Anterior ocellus somewhat oblong oval. WOT: OOL = 0.48–0.61, 15, [0.46, 0.60]; POL: AOL = 1.12–1.41, 13, [1.09, 1.47]; AOT = 65–75, 15, [65, 77]. Median clypeal lobe narrow, especially constricted between toruli, and somewhat elevated forming a low ridge; toruli positioned somewhat widely on face, WT: WM = 0.17–0.30, 14, [0.14, 0.30]. Mandibles tridentate with indistinct fourth tooth, second and third teeth somewhat blunt. Mesosoma: Dorsal pronotal area and anteromesoscutum with reticulate sculpture, mesoscutellum smooth and polished except along lateral edge. Metapectal-propodeal disc with lateral marginal carina; posterior carina present and complete. Anterior half of metapectal-propodeal disc with somewhat coarse reticulate sculpture; median carina indistinctly visible among the sculpture; both lateral and medial reticulations fade in strength and width posteriorly, medial reticulations dissipate by posterior margin; posterior half otherwise smooth and polished, declivity with reticulate sculpture; difference in sculpture on either side of posterior carina abrupt and strong. LTP: LH = 1.02–1.07, 7, [0.99, 1.09]; LPD: WPD = 1.03–1.12, 11, [1.01, 1.12]; LPD: LP = 0.70–0.83, 11, [0.68, 0.83]. Metasoma: Polished, setae present near posterior margin of each gastral segment. S 3 medially with sculpture faint and generally polished. Forewing: Macropterous. Sc + R, prestigmal abcissa of radial 1, and pterostigma sclerotized. 2 r-rs + Rs vein distinctly sclerotized and pigmented distally, not visible basally other than as light fold, sclerotized portion beginning at about half length of wing. Rs + M, M + Cu, and A veins indistinctly pigmented. Membrane subhyaline. LW: WW = 2.98–3.41, 15, [2.98, 3.44]. Coloration: Shiny black except: tibiae brown but sometimes lighter basally and apically, tarsi yellow. Basal antennal segments only slightly if at all lighter than rest of face. — Male: Length range: 0.9–1.2 mm (n = 7). Similar to female except for the following. Head wider with eyes bulging, and various morphometric differences, as below. Antennae with flagellar segments longer, and with longer setae. Metapectal-propodeal disc with median carina and differences in sculpture less distinct or absent. LH: WH = 1.09–1.12, 7, [1.08, 1.13]; LH: VOL = 3.11–3.31, 7, [3.04, 3.40]; LH: LE = 2.11–2.27, 7, [2.06, 2.30]; LH: TH = 1.83–2.05, 5, [1.77, 2.16]; WF: WH = 0.59–0.63, 7, [0.59, 0.64]; WF: LE = 1.15–1.31, 7, [1.09, 1.34]; WHE: WHPE = 1.08–1.12, 7, [1.07, 1.13]; VOL: LE = 0.64–0.73, 7, [0.61, 0.75]; WOT: OOL = 0.85–0.96, 7, [0.83, 0.97]; POL: AOL = 1.47–1.63, 7, [1.42, 1.66]; AOT = 79–85, 7, [77, 87]; LTP: LH = 1.01–1.13, 6, [0.98, 1.16]; LPD: WPD = 0.84–0.94, 6, [0.82, 0.97]; LPD: LP = 0.71–0.85, 6, [0.67, 0.86]; LW: WW = 2.84–3.16, 7, [2.74, 3.25]. Genitalia (see Fig. 14 C): Genital capsule slightly longer than wide. Harpe approximately three fourths length of gonostipes; posteriorly exceeding gonostipes; digitus, cuspis, and penisvalvae of subequal extent, reaching apical of middle of harpe. Penisvalvae not divergent, inner margin straight near apex; maximum width about one third length, and one third maximum width of genital capsule.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name is Hawaiian, literally, mirage. A character that distinguishes this species from all other known Cephalonomia is on the wing (' ēheu), where the radial vein has only its distal section sclerotized and pigmented. It appears as a mirage (li'ulā), as sometimes seen over long distances of ocean or between islands in Hawai'i – trees, shoreline, houses, and waves appearing to float on clear air over the ocean. Its Hawaiian common name is ' ēheu li'ulā.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is known from the Hawaiian Islands of O'ahu and Hawai'i. Given its lack of native relatives, its use of a host with no native relatives, and records coming from introduced forests, this species is likely adventive in Hawai'i.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Leptophloeus sp. ( Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) larvae in tunnels under Ficus microcarpa and Leucaena leucocephala bark (Fig. 20 D – F), also found in Macadamia integrifolia husks where host was not confirmed but the Leptophloeus sp. was present. This Leptophloeus sp. is known to be predatory within plant material, and to predate on H. hampei in coffee berries, and is currently being explored as a biocontrol agent against H. hampei in Hawai'i (Follett et al. 2016). Two parasitoids were typically observed on a single host larva, though single parasitism was also observed. There appears to be a circular component to their food web, where a larva of the Leptophloeus sp. was once observed predating on a pupa of C. liula, the parasitoid having developed on another Leptophloeus sp. larva (Fig. 20 F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/14091B0008DF5247AD368C7AD207198B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Honsberger, David;Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela;Magnacca, Karl N.;Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli;Kelly, Sandor L.;Wright, Mark G.;Gariepy, Tara D.	Honsberger, David, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Magnacca, Karl N., Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli, Kelly, Sandor L., Wright, Mark G., Gariepy, Tara D. (2026): Unraveling a complex of cryptic species near Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their association with the coffee berry borer and other hosts. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 609-645, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174388
16A3BB077A7954FAAACFD5DB643F5F85.text	16A3BB077A7954FAAACFD5DB643F5F85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalonomia luiji Honsberger, Magnacca & Lorenzo-Elarco 2026	<div><p>3.7. Cephalonomia luiji Honsberger, Magnacca &amp; Lorenzo-Elarco sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 6, 7, 14 B, 18 D – F, 19 D – F</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 6 A – D): ♀; Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.711/lat 21.334)">Waimānalo</a>; 21.334°N, 157.711°W, 26 m; ex macadamia husks; 18. xii. 2019; D. Honsberger; MN 2-10/Cehy-0002 (BOLD ID CEPHH 099-23); (point mounted, UHIM) . — Allotype (Fig. 6 E – H): ♂; Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.793&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.793/lat 21.3288)">Mānoa</a>; 21.3288°N, 157.7930°W, 146 m; ex Trema orientalis branches; 12. ii. 2020; D. Honsberger; GP 2-01/Ceph-0024 (BOLD ID CEPHH 024-23); (point mounted, UHIM) . — Paratypes: 4 ♀, 1 ♂; all with same data as holotype; all point mounted. MN 2-09/Ceph-0040 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 040-23) (USNM), MN 2-11/Ceph-0041 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 041-23) (BPBM), MN 2-03/Ceph-0035 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 035-23) (USNM), MN 2-04/Ceph-0036 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 036-23) (BPBM), MN 2-08/Cehy-0001 (♂) (BOLD ID CEPHH 098-23) [apex of abdomen removed, genitalia slide mounted] (UHIM) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>LH: WH ≈ 1.3 in female, ≈ 1.1 in male. Forewing subhyaline with 2 r-rs + Rs vein reduced to fold. Metapectal-propodeal disc with weak posterior carina, cuticle smooth anterior of carina, and reticulate on declivity. Mesoscutellum smooth away from its lateral edges, in contrast with reticulate sculpture of anteromesoscutum. BOLD: BIN ADE 7970.</p><p>See entry on C. lynnea for characters to distinguish these. Distinguished from C. liula by the nebulous 2 r-rs + Rs vein. Distinguished from C. kala, C. zander, C. soconuscensis, and C. hyalinipennis by having the mesoscutellum broadly smooth and polished, not reticulate. Distinguished from the male plesiallotype of C. utahensis by various morphometric ratios, including a combination of LH: LE, WF: LE, VOL: LE, LH: VOL, WF: WH. A female of C. utahensis was not examined, though is reported to have infuscate forewings (subhyaline in C. luiji).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: Length range: 1.5–1.7 mm (n = 7). Head: Frons shining with weak reticulate sculpture and sparse setae, reticulations of even intensity over frons. LH: WH = 1.25–1.33, 7, [1.24, 1.35]; LH: VOL = 1.97–2.12, 7, [1.93, 2.15]; LH: LE = 2.62–2.91, 7, [2.56, 3.00]; LH: TH = 1.99–2.15, 6, [1.89, 2.27]; WF: WH = 0.56–0.61, 7, [0.54, 0.62]; WF: LE = 1.18–1.31, 7, [1.13, 1.36]; WHE: WHPE = 0.99–1.01, 7, [0.99, 1.01]; VOL: LE = 1.23–1.46, 7, [1.19, 1.53]. Ocelli circular. WOT: OOL = 0.39–0.42, 7, [0.38, 0.43]; POL: AOL = 1.01–1.19, 7, [1.01, 1.26]; AOT = 62–67, 7, [61, 69]. Median clypeal lobe subtriangular, posteriorly somewhat elevated to form a low ridge; toruli not positioned especially widely on face, WT: WM = 0.10–0.17, 7, [0.09, 0.20]. Mandibles tridentate with indistinct fourth tooth, second and third teeth pointed. Mesosoma: Dorsal pronotal area and anteromesoscutum with reticulate sculpture, mesoscutellum smooth and polished except along lateral margin. Metapectal-propodeal disc with lateral marginal carina present; weak posterior carina present but may be especially weak medially. Anterior half of metapectal-propodeal disc with somewhat coarsly reticulate sculpture, at least medially and near marginal lateral carina; both lateral and medial reticulations fade in strength posteriorly, medial reticulations dissipating near or well before posterior margin; posterior half otherwise smooth and polished except near lateral marginal carina; declivity with reticulate sculpture; difference in sculpture on either side of posterior carina abrupt and strong. LTP: LH = 0.93–1.04, 6, [0.91, 1.09]; LPD: WPD = 0.90–1.14, 7, [0.81, 1.18]; LPD: LP = 0.71–0.77, 7, [0.70, 0.78]. Metasoma: Polished, setae present near posterior margin of each gastral segment. S 3 medially with sculpture faint and generally polished. Forewing: Macropterous. Sc + R, prestigmal abcissa of radial 1, and pterostigma sclerotized. 2 r-rs + Rs vein absent, reduced to fold. Rs + M, M + Cu, and A indistinctly pigmented. Membrane subhyaline. LW: WW = 3.07–3.39, 7, [2.96, 3.41]. Coloration: Shiny black except: basal antennal segments and mandible somewhat lighter, tibiae dark brown medially but fading to yellow-brown basally and apically, tarsi yellow. — Male: Length range: 1.2–1.3 mm (n = 2). Similar to female except for the following. Head wider with eyes bulging, and various morphometric differences as below. Antennae with flagellar segments longer, and with longer setae. LH: WH = 1.11–1.12, 2; LH: VOL = 2.66–2.76, 2; LH: LE = 2.20–2.23, 2; WF: WH = 0.54–0.58, 2; WF: LE = 1.08–1.15, 2; WHE: WHPE = 1.05–1.05, 2; VOL: LE = 0.81–0.83, 2; WOT: OOL = 0.72–0.78, 2; POL: AOL = 1.39–1.41, 2; AOT = 70–72, 2; LTP: LH = 1.09–1.12, 2; LPD: WPD = 0.86–0.91, 2; LPD: LP = 0.76–0.79, 2; LW: WW = 2.80–2.83, 2. Genitalia (Fig. 14 B): Genital capsule narrow. Length of harpe approximately half length of gonostipes, posteriorly exceeding gonostipes; digitus, cuspis, and penisvalvae of subequal posterior extent, reaching apical of middle of harpe. Penisvalvae slightly divergent apically, inner margin straight near apex; maximum width about one third length, and one third maximum width of genital capsule.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named for Luiji Tamas. The species name is to be treated as a noun in apposition. ' Ōlohekalakala was selected for the Hawaiian common name. This name describes the ' ōlohe (smooth, almost glassy) area among the kalakala (rough and bumpy) sculpture on the metapectal-propodeal disc.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is known from the island of O'ahu in Hawai'i. Given its lack of native relatives, and records coming from introduced forests, this species is likely adventive in Hawai'i.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>None confirmed, but likely Hypothenemus eruditus ( Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), with which it was found. Tree hosts include Macadamia integrifolia husks and Trema orientalis branches.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/16A3BB077A7954FAAACFD5DB643F5F85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Honsberger, David;Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela;Magnacca, Karl N.;Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli;Kelly, Sandor L.;Wright, Mark G.;Gariepy, Tara D.	Honsberger, David, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Magnacca, Karl N., Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli, Kelly, Sandor L., Wright, Mark G., Gariepy, Tara D. (2026): Unraveling a complex of cryptic species near Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their association with the coffee berry borer and other hosts. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 609-645, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174388
1C4AF36C8E935B04BD3DE01AAAF80B14.text	1C4AF36C8E935B04BD3DE01AAAF80B14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalonomia lynnea Honsberger, Magnacca & Lorenzo-Elarco 2026	<div><p>3.6. Cephalonomia lynnea Honsberger, Magnacca &amp; Lorenzo-Elarco sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1 C, 1 D, 4, 5, 14 A, 18 A – C, 19 A – C</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 4 A – D): ♀; Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-158.0419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.5143" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -158.0419/lat 21.5143)">Wahiawā</a>; 21.5143°N, 158.0419°W, 299 m; ex Spathodea campanulata branches; 29. v. 2020; D. Honsberger; AT 1-09/Ceph-0008 (BOLD ID CEPHH 008-23); (point mounted, UHIM) . — Allotype (Fig. 4 E – H): ♂; same data as holotype; AT 1-08/Ceph-0007 (BOLD ID CEPHH 007-23); (point mounted, UHIM) . — Paratypes: 14 ♀, 9 ♂; all point mounted. Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.8196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3009" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.8196/lat 21.3009)">Mānoa</a>; 21.3009°N, 157.8196°W, 43 m; ex Delonix regia seed pod; 23. iv. 2021; D. Honsberger; 1 ♀ DR 3-01/Ceph-0010 (BOLD ID CEPHH 010-23); (USNM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.711/lat 21.334)">Waimānalo</a>; 21.334°N, 157.711°W, 26 m; ex macadamia husks; 25. ii. 2021; D. Honsberger; 1 ♀; MN 4-01/Ceph-0042 (BOLD ID CEPHH 042-23) (BPBM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-158.1924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.5768" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -158.1924/lat 21.5768)">Keālia</a>; 21.5768°N, 158.1924°W, 3 m; ex Leucaena leucocephala branches; 15. ii. 2021; D. Honsberger; 1 ♀ HK 1-03/Ceph-0029 (BOLD ID CEPHH 029-23) (BPBM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-158.1924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.5768" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -158.1924/lat 21.5768)">Keālia</a>; 21.5768°N, 158.1924°W, 3 m; ex Leucaena leucocephala branches; 5. ii. 2021; D. Honsberger; 1 ♀ HK 3-01/Ceph-0030 (BOLD ID CEPHH 030-23) (BPBM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.8092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.8092/lat 21.306)">Mānoa</a>; 21.3060°N, 157.8092°W, 57 m; ex Artocarpus altilis branch; 25. xii. 2020; D. Honsberger; 4 ♀ UU 1-01/Ceph-0043 (BOLD ID CEPHH 043-23) (BPBM), UU 1-02/Ceph-0044 (BOLD ID CEPHH 044-23) (USNM), UU 1-03/Cehy-0009 (BOLD ID CEPHH 106-23) (UHIM), UU 1-05/Ceph-0046 (BOLD ID CEPHH 046-23) (BPBM); 2 ♂ UU 1-04/Ceph-0045 (BOLD ID CEPHH 045-23) (BPBM), UU 1-06/Ceph-0047 (BOLD ID CEPHH 047-23) (UHIM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-158.0419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.5143" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -158.0419/lat 21.5143)">Wahiawā</a>; 21.5143°N, 158.0419°W, 299 m; ex Spathodea campanulata branches; 29. v. 2020; D. Honsberger; 1 ♀ AT 1-10 (UHIM); 7 ♂ AT 1-01/Ceph-0001 (BOLD ID CEPHH 001-23) (USNM), AT 1-02/Ceph-0002 (BOLD ID CEPHH 002-23) (BPBM), AT 1-03/Ceph-0003 (BOLD ID CEPHH 003-23) (UHIM), AT 1-04/Ceph-0004 (BOLD ID CEPHH 004-23) (USNM), AT 1-05/Cehy-0010 (BOLD ID CEPHH 107-23) [apex of abdomen removed, genitalia slide mounted] (UHIM), AT 1-06/Ceph-0005 (BOLD ID CEPHH 005-23) (BPBM), AT 1-07/Ceph-0006 (BOLD ID CEPHH 006-23) (USNM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.793&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.793/lat 21.3288)">Mānoa</a>; 21.3288°N, 157.7930°W, 146 m; ex Trema orientalis branches; 12. ii. 2020; D. Honsberger; 2 ♀ GP 2-02/Ceph-0025 (BOLD ID CEPHH 025-23) (UHIM), GP 2-03/Ceph-0026 (BOLD ID CEPHH 026-23) (USNM) • Hawaiian Islands, O'ahu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-157.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -157.711/lat 21.334)">Waimānalo</a>; 21.334°N, 157.711°W, 26 m; ex macadamia husks; 18. xii. 2019; D. Honsberger; 3 ♀ MN 2-01/Ceph-0034 (BOLD ID CEPHH 034-23) (USNM), MN 2-05/Ceph-0037 (BOLD ID CEPHH 037-23) (UHIM), MN 2-07/Ceph-0039 (BOLD ID CEPHH 039-23) (USNM) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>LH: WH ≈ 1.3 in female, ≈ 1.2 in male. Forewing subhyaline with 2 r-rs + Rs reduced to fold. Mesoscutellum smooth polished except near lateral margin, in distinct contrast with reticulate anteromesoscutum. Metapectal-propodeal disc lacking posterior carina, cuticle lightly reticulate on either side of the transition from disc to declivity. Anterior ocellus subtly oblong oval in shape. BOLD: BIN ADX 0893</p><p>Distinguished from C. luiji by the metapectal-propodeal complex with posterior of disc and declivity both having somewhat similar weakly reticulate sculpture, and by sculpture on posterior frons above level of compound eyes distinctly weaker than on lower frons. Additionally, females can be distinguished by a combination of WHE: WHPE, LTP: LH, and POL: AOL; males by LH: WH, LH: VOL, VOL: LE, WF: WH, LH: LE, WHE: WHPE, LPD: WPD, and LPD: LP. Distinguished from C. liula by lacking vein 2 r-rs + Rs. Distinguished from C. kala, C. zander, C. soconuscensis, and C. hyalinipennis by having the mesoscutellum broadly smooth and polished, not reticulate. Distinguished from the male plesiallotype of C. utahensis by various morphometric ratios, including LH: WH, LH: LE, WF: LE, VOL: LE, and LH: VOL. A female of C. utahensis was not examined, though is reported to have infuscate forewings (subhyaline in C. lynnea).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: Length range: 1.0– 1.4 mm (n = 16). Head: Frons shining with weak reticulate sculpture and sparse setae, sculpture fading posteriorly to become distinctly more smooth on posterior frons. LH: WH = 1.21–1.35, 13, [1.22, 1.37]; LH: VOL = 1.91–2.11, 14, [1.95, 2.16]; LH: LE = 2.60–2.97, 14, [2.60, 2.97]; LH: TH = 2.01–2.23, 6, [1.94, 2.30]; WF: WH = 0.59–0.63, 13, [0.58, 0.63]; WF: LE = 1.22 – 1.41, 13, [1.21, 1.43]; WHE: WHPE = 1.00–1.03, 14, [1.00, 1.03]; VOL: LE = 1.29–1.43, 14, [1.28, 1.43]. Anterior ocellus subtly oblong oval in shape. WOT: OOL = 0.38–0.45, 12, [0.37, 0.46]; POL: AOL = 0.91–1.11, 14, [0.88, 1.15]; AOT = 57–71, 14, [56, 70]. Median clypeal lobe narrow subtriangular, slightly elevated but elevation broadly rounded and not acute; toruli not positioned especially widely on face, WT: WM = 0.11–0.25, 16, [0.12, 0.26]. Mandibles tridentate with indistinct fourth tooth, second and third teeth somewhat blunt. Mesosoma: Dorsal pronotal area and anteromesoscutum with reticulate sculpture, mesoscutellum smooth and polished except along lateral margin. Metapectal-propodeal disc with lateral carina present; posterior carina absent, rounded transition from disc to declivity. Anterior of metapectal-propodeal disc with reticulate sculpture, increasingly coarse medially appearing raised as indistinct median carina that fades in strength and width posteriorly, dissipating by posterior margin; reticulations light in posterior half of disc, especially medially aside from faint extension of median carina; declivity also with light reticulations; difference in sculpture on either side of transition from disc to declivity not especially strong. LTP: LH = 1.00–1.16, 14, [0.97, 1.16]; LPD: WPD = 0.97–1.15, 15, [0.95, 1.15]; LPD: LP = 0.71–0.76, 16, [0.71, 0.77]. Metasoma: Polished, setae present near posterior margin of each gastral segment. S 3 medially with sculpture faint and generally polished. Forewing: Macropterous. Sc + R, prestigmal abcissa of radial 1, and small pterostigma sclerotized. 2 r-rs + Rs vein absent and reduced to fold. Rs + M, M + Cu, and A indistinctly pigmented. Membrane subhyaline. LW: WW = 3.14–3.44, 16, [3.14, 3.46]. Coloration: Dark brown except: basal antennal segments and mandible somewhat lighter, tibiae dark brown medially but fading to yellow-brown basally and apically, tarsi yellow. — Male: Length range: 1.0– 1.4 mm (n = 10). Similar to female except for the following. Head wider with eyes bulging, and various morphometric differences as below. Antennae with flagellar segments longer, and with longer setae. LH: WH = 1.15–1.23, 10, [1.14, 1.23]; LH: VOL = 2.36–2.64, 10, [2.33, 2.63]; LH: LE = 2.23–2.47, 9, [2.20, 2.53]; LH: TH = 1.87–2.13, 5, [1.67, 2.30]; WF: WH = 0.59–0.60, 10, [0.58, 0.60]; WF: LE = 1.12–1.28, 9, [1.08, 1.28]; WHE: WHPE = 1.05–1.10, 10, [1.04, 1.11]; VOL: LE = 0.86–1.05, 9, [0.85, 1.06]; WOT: OOL = 0.61–0.73, 8, [0.55, 0.77]; POL: AOL = 1.21–1.42, 9, [1.18, 1.47]; AOT = 66–76, 10, [66, 80]; LTP: LH = 1.09–1.19, 10, [1.05, 1.17]; LPD: WPD = 0.90–1.03, 10, [0.87, 1.04]; LPD: LP = 0.67–0.75, 10, [0.67, 0.78]; LW: WW = 2.80–3.13, 10, [2.75, 3.13]. Genitalia (Fig. 14 A): Genital capsule slightly wider than long. Harpe approximately two thirds length of gonostipes, posteriorly exceeding gonostipes; penisvalvae slightly exceeds digitus and cuspis, reaching apical of middle of harpe. Penisvalvae divergent apically, inner margin outcurved near apex; maximum width about one third length, and one third maximum width of genital capsule.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named for Lynnea Slutzky. The species name is to be treated as a noun in apposition. Pa'alāpu'upu'u was selected for the Hawaiian common name. This name describes the pu'upu'u (rough and bumpy) sculpture on this species as pa'alā (water-worn rocks which once used to be rough volcanic rock), which on both the face and metapectal-propodeal disc has subtle and gradual variation as the water-worn pa'alā stones.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is known from the island of O'ahu in Hawai'i. Given its lack of native relatives, use of a host with no native relatives, and records coming from introduced forests, this species is likely adventive in Hawai'i.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Ectoparasitoid of Hypothenemus eruditus ( Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) larvae under bark of Artocarpus altilis, Spathodea campanulata, Trema orientalis, Leucaena leucocephala, in pods of Delonix regia, and husks of Macadamia integrifolia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C4AF36C8E935B04BD3DE01AAAF80B14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Honsberger, David;Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela;Magnacca, Karl N.;Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli;Kelly, Sandor L.;Wright, Mark G.;Gariepy, Tara D.	Honsberger, David, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Magnacca, Karl N., Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli, Kelly, Sandor L., Wright, Mark G., Gariepy, Tara D. (2026): Unraveling a complex of cryptic species near Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their association with the coffee berry borer and other hosts. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 609-645, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174388
9ABE23C863E450C2804973D55A78E7A8.text	9ABE23C863E450C2804973D55A78E7A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalonomia soconuscensis Honsberger, Magnacca & Perez-Lachaud 2026	<div><p>3.11. Cephalonomia soconuscensis Honsberger, Magnacca &amp; Pérez-Lachaud sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1 B, 1 E, 12, 13, 14 D, 17</p><p>Cephalonomia hyalinipennis – Pérez-Lachaud 1998; Pérez-Lachaud and Hardy 1999, 2001; Pérez-Lachaud et al. 2002, 2004 (misidentification)</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 12 A – D): ♀; Mexico, Chiapas, Soconusco region; Parasitoid of Hypothenemus hampei, from colony reared on Caulophilus oryzae; 1998; G. Perez-Lachaud; 16 ♀ CC 1-01/Ceph-0063 (BOLD ID CEPHH 063-23); (BOLD ID CEPHH 108-25) (point mounted, NMNH) . — Allotype (Fig. 12 E – H): ♂; same data as holotype; CC 1-11/Ceph-0072 (BOLD ID CEPHH 072-23); (point mounted, NMNH) . — Paratypes: 32 ♀, 3 ♂; all point mounted. Same data as holotype; 15 ♀ CC 1-02/Ceph-0064 (BOLD ID CEPHH 064-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CC 1-03/Ceph-0065 (BOLD ID CEPHH 065-23) (BPBM), CC 1-04/Ceph-0066 (BOLD ID CEPHH 066-23) (NMNH), CC 1-05/Ceph-0067 (BOLD ID CEPHH 067-23) (NMNH), CC 1-06/Ceph-0068 (BOLD ID CEPHH 068-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CC 1-07/Ceph-0069 (BOLD ID CEPHH 069-23) (UHIM), CC 1-08/Ceph-0070 (BOLD ID CEPHH 070-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CC 1-09/Cehy-0006 (BOLD ID CEPHH 103-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CC 1-10/Ceph-0071 (BOLD ID CEPHH 071-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CC 2-01/Ceph-0073 (BOLD ID CEPHH 073-23) (NMNH), CC 2-04/Ceph-0076 (BOLD ID CEPHH 076-23) (UHIM), CC 2-05/Ceph-0077 (BOLD ID CEPHH 077-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CC 2-07/Ceph-0079 (BOLD ID CEPHH 079-23) (BPBM), CC 3-01/Ceph-0080 (BOLD ID CEPHH 080-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CC 3-02/Ceph-0081 (BOLD ID CEPHH 081-23) (NMNH); 3 ♂ CC 2-02/Ceph-0074 (BOLD ID CEPHH 074-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CC 2-03/Ceph-0075 (BOLD ID CEPHH 075-23) (NMNH), CC 2-06/Ceph-0078 (BOLD ID CEPHH 078-23) (ECO-CH-AR) • Mexico, Chiapas, Soconusco region; Parasitoid of Hypothenemus hampei, from colony reared on Caulophilus oryzae; xi. 1998; G. Perez-Lachaud; 12 ♀ CC 0-01/Ceph-0052 (BOLD ID CEPHH 052-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CC 0-02/Ceph-0053 (BOLD ID CEPHH 053-23) (BPBM), CC 0-03/Ceph-0054 (BOLD ID CEPHH 054-23) (NMNH), CC 0-04/Ceph-0055 (BOLD ID CEPHH 055-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CC 0-05/Ceph-0056 (BOLD ID CEPHH 056-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CC 0-06/Ceph-0057 (BOLD ID CEPHH 057-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CC 0-07/Ceph-0058 (BOLD ID CEPHH 058-23) (BPBM), CC 0-08/Ceph-0059 (BOLD ID CEPHH 059-23) (NMNH), CC 0-09/Ceph-0060 (BOLD ID CEPHH 060-23) (BPBM), CC 0-10/Cehy-0007 (BOLD ID CEPHH 104-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CC 0-11/Ceph-0061 (BOLD ID CEPHH 061-23) (NMNH), CC 0-12/Ceph-0062 (BOLD ID CEPHH 062-23) (ECO-CH-AR) • Mexico, Chiapas, Soconusco region; From colony reared on Hypothenemus hampei; xi. 1998; G. Perez-Lachaud; 5 ♀ CB 1-01/Ceph-0048 (BOLD ID CEPHH 048-23) (NMNH), CB 1-02/Ceph-0049 (BOLD ID CEPHH 049-23) (CNIN-UNAM), CB 1-03/Cehy-0008 (BOLD ID CEPHH 105-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CB 1-04/Ceph-0050 (BOLD ID CEPHH 050-23) (ECO-CH-AR), CB 1-05/Ceph-0051 (BOLD ID CEPHH 051-23) (BPBM) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>LH: WH ≈ 1.3 in female, ≈ 1.10–1.15 in male. Forewing subhyaline with 2 r-rs + Rs vein reduced to fold. Mesoscutellum with reticulate sculpture similar to anteromesoscutum and dorsal pronotal area. Metapectal-propodeal disc with posterior carina complete but medially weak; sculpture smoother just anterior of carina, stronger on declivity. Anterior ocellus somewhat oblong oval. Second gastral sternum (S 3) generally polished medially. BOLD: BIN AFO 8725.</p><p>Distinguished from C. lynnea and C. luiji (both sexes) by having reticulate sculpture on the mesoscutellum similar to that on the anteromesoscutum ( C. lynnea and C. luiji with polished sculpture on mesoscutellum away from lateral margins). Distinguished from C. liula (both sexes) by having 2 r-rs + Rs unsclerotized and reduced to a fold ( C. liula with distal section of 2 r-rs + Rs sclerotized). Distinguished from C. kala (females) by the narrower clypeus (broadly triangular in C. kala). Distinguished from C. zander (both sexes) by the weaker sculpture on the frons, becoming polished posteriorly on posterior frons, and larger more oblong anterior ocellus ( C. zander with frons entirely with stronger reticulate sculpture, and anterior ocellus small and circular). Distinguished from C. hyalinipennis (females) by metapectal-propodeal disc polished posterolaterally, and S 3 generally polished ( C. hyalinipennis with metapectal-propodeal disc entirely reticulate, and S 3 evenly and distinctly reticulate) (Fig. 17).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: Length range: 1.5–1.9 mm (n = 33). Head: Frons shining with reticulate sculpture and sparse setae, sculpture fading dorsally to become distinctly more smooth on posterior frons, a small smooth area medially just posterior of median clypeal lobe. LH: WH = 1.26–1.36, 31, [1.25, 1.35]; LH: VOL = 2.12–2.37, 31, [2.11, 2.28]; LH: LE = 2.38–2.66, 30, [2.44, 2.68]; LH: TH = 1.93–2.23, 20, [1.92, 2.20]; WF: WH = 0.53–0.59, 31, [0.53, 0.59]; WF: LE = 1.00–1.18, 30, [1.04, 1.18]; WHE: WHPE = 1.00–1.05, 31, [1.00, 1.04]; VOL: LE = 1.01–1.24, 30, [1.08, 1.26]. Anterior ocellus somewhat oblong oval in shape. WOT: OOL = 0.42–0.53, 31, [0.42, 0.51]; POL: AOL = 1.10–1.43, 31, [1.10, 1.39]; AOT = 65–76, 31, [65, 74]. Median clypeal lobe narrow subtriangular; relatively flat; toruli not positioned especially widely on face, WT: WM = 0.12–0.23, 31, [0.13, 0.24]. Mandibles tridentate with indistinct fourth tooth. Mesosoma: Dorsal pronotal area, posterior of anteromesoscutum, and mesoscutellum all with similarly reticulate sculpture, but reticulations somewhat less dense on dorsal pronotal area. Metapectal-propodeal disc with lateral carina present and posterior carina complete but may be weak medially. Anterior of metapectal-propodeal disc with reticulate sculpture, increasingly coarse medially to appear raised as indistinct median carina that fades in strength posteriorly, dissipating by posterior margin; reticulations weaker in posterior half of disc, especially medially aside from faint extension of median carina; declivity with somewhat stronger reticulations; difference in sculpture on either side of transition from disc to declivity somewhat strong. LTP: LH = 1.07–1.18, 28, [1.06, 1.18]; LPD: WPD = 0.96–1.10, 26, [0.98, 1.09]; LPD: LP = 0.72–0.79, 26, [0.72, 0.80]. Metasoma: Polished, setae present near posterior margin of each gastral segment. S 3 medially with sculpture faint and generally polished. Forewing: Macropterous. Sc + R, prestigmal abcissa of radial 1, and small pterostigma sclerotized. 2 r-rs + Rs vein absent and reduced to fold. Rs + M, M + Cu, and A indistinctly pigmented. Membrane subhyaline. Coloration: Dark brown except: basal antennal segments and mandible somewhat lighter, tibiae dark brown medially but fade to yellow-brown basally and apically, tarsi yellow. — Male: Length range: 1.2–1.4 mm (n = 4). Similar to female except for the following. Head wider with eyes bulging, and various morphometric differences as below. Antennae with flagellar segments longer, and with longer setae. LH: WH = 1.08–1.16, 6, [1.07, 1.18]; LH: VOL = 2.62–2.87, 6, [2.53, 2.95]; LH: LE = 2.18–2.21, 4, [2.15, 2.24]; LH: TH = 1.75–1.82, 3, [1.66, 1.91]; WF: WH = 0.55–0.57, 6, [0.54, 0.60]; WF: LE = 1.06–1.10, 4, [1.03, 1.13]; WHE: WHPE = 1.08–1.15, 6, [1.05, 1.15]; VOL: LE = 0.77–0.83, 4, [0.74, 0.88]; WT: WM = 0.21–0.24, 5, [0.19, 0.25]; WOT: OOL = 0.78–0.86, 6, [0.75, 0.89]; POL: AOL = 1.57–1.84, 6, [1.46, 1.94]; AOT = 78–83, 6, [77, 84]; LTP: LH = 1.07–1.14, 5, [1.05, 1.18]; LPD: WPD = 0.83–0.91, 3, [0.75, 1.00]. Genitalia (Fig. 14 D): Genital capsule slightly longer than wide. Harpe approximately two thirds length of gonostipes, posteriorly exceeding gonostipes; penisvalvae slightly exceeds digitus and cuspis, extent subequal to that of harpe. Penisvalvae slightly divergent apically, inner margin outcurved near apex; maximum width about two thirds length, and three fourths maximum width of genital capsule.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to the Soconusco region in Chiapas, Mexico, where this species was initially collected.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Type specimens are from a lab-reared colony whose founders were collected in Huehuetán and Tuxtla Chico in the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>Founders were collected from Hypothenemus hampei infested coffee berries, and laboratory reared on either H. hampei or Caulophilus oryzae .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The individuals on which the description is based are from laboratory colonies initiated from individuals emerging from H. hampei infested coffee berries in Chiapas, Mexico, and identified at the time as C. hyalinipennis; they were the focus of a variety of studies on H. hampei biocontrol and parasitoid competitive interactions (e. g. Pérez-Lachaud 1998; Pérez-Lachaud and Hardy 1999, 2001; Pérez-Lachaud et al. 2002, 2004). Some were reared on H. hampei, some were reared on Caulophilus oryzae (see Pérez-Lachaud et al. 2001). This species is a semi-gregarious ectoparasitoid, i. e. clutch size ranges from single to multiple eggs, and individual wasp size varies according to the size of the host and clutch size (Pérez-Lachaud and Hardy 1999, 2001). When developing hyperparasitically, specimens are smaller (Pérez-Lachaud et al. 2004). Relative to the other species considered in this study, this species is especially close morphologically to C. hyalinipennis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ABE23C863E450C2804973D55A78E7A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Honsberger, David;Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela;Magnacca, Karl N.;Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli;Kelly, Sandor L.;Wright, Mark G.;Gariepy, Tara D.	Honsberger, David, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Magnacca, Karl N., Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli, Kelly, Sandor L., Wright, Mark G., Gariepy, Tara D. (2026): Unraveling a complex of cryptic species near Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their association with the coffee berry borer and other hosts. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 609-645, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174388
7F9360F21A8C5B4CA5BA83C29DB903A0.text	7F9360F21A8C5B4CA5BA83C29DB903A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalonomia zander Honsberger, Magnacca & Lorenzo-Elarco 2026	<div><p>3.10. Cephalonomia zander Honsberger, Magnacca &amp; Lorenzo-Elarco sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 11, 18 M – O, 19 J – L</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 11 A – E): ♀; “ USA: HI, Oahu; Kalihi; 3. IV. 2013 // ex Ozognathus sp. poss. exiguus in dead Ficus benjamina branches; coll. W. Nagamine // Cephalonomia sp.; det. W. Nagamine, 20. xii. 2013, # 2013-333. ” // FB 1-01/Ceph-0098; (BOLD ID CEPHH 108-25) (point mounted, HDOA) . — Allotype (Fig. 11 F – I): ♂; same data as holotype; FB 1-03/Ceph-0100; (BOLD ID CEPHH 110-25); (point mounted, HDOA) . — Paratypes: 4 ♀, 1 ♂, all point mounted in HDOA. ” USA: HI, Oahu; Kalihi; 3. IV. 2013 // ex. Ozognathus sp. poss. exiguus in dead Ficus benjamina branches; coll. W. Nagamine // Cephalonomia hyalinipennis Ashmead, 1893; det. K. Magnacca, 19. XI. 2020, # 2013-333. ” Individual specimens with bottom label: FB 1-05/Ceph-0102 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 112-25); FB 1-06/Ceph-0103 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 113-25); FB 1-07/Ceph-0104 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 114-25) • same data as holotype and allotype; individual specimens with bottom label: FB 1-02/Ceph-0099 (♀) (BOLD ID CEPHH 109-25); FB 1-04/Ceph-0101 (♂) (BOLD ID CEPHH 111-25) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>LH: WH ≈ 1.3 in female, ≈ 1.1 in male. Forewing subhyaline with 2 r-rs + Rs reduced to fold. Mesoscutellum with reticulate sculpture of similar rugosity to anteromesoscutum and dorsal pronotal area. Metapectal-propodeal disc with posterior carina complete, cuticle with lightly reticulate sculpture in posterior half, heavier reticulations in anterior half and on declivity, abrupt change in sculpture on either side of the posterior carina. Anterior ocellus small and subcircular. BOLD: BIN ACP 6610</p><p>Distinguished from C. lynnea and C. luiji by the entirely reticulate mesoscutellum ( C. lynnea and C. luiji with mesoscutellum polished away from lateral margins). Distinguished from C. liula by the unsclerotized 2 r-rs + Rs vein. Distinguished from C. kala by the narrower clypeus and toruli separated by less than their width. Distinguished from C. hyalinipennis and C. soconuscensis (both sexes) by the stronger sculpture on the frons; females by the anterior ocellus small and circular; males by the morphometric ratios WF: LE, WF: WH, WH: DAO, and LTP: LP. Further distinguished from C. hyalinipennis by S 3 polished medially. All the above are also distinguished by various morphometric ratios: see Figs 21, 22 and species notes and descriptions for relative ranges.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: Length range: 1.5–2.0 mm (n = 5). Head: Frons shining with reticulate sculpture and sparse setae, reticulations of even intensity over frons except a small smooth area medially just posterior of median clypeal lobe. LH: WH = 1.28–1.30, 5, [1.28, 1.31]; LH: VOL = 2.17–2.21, 5, [2.15, 2.23]; LH: LE = 2.46–2.57, 5, [2.43, 2.61]; LH: TH = 2.07–2.19, 5, [1.99, 2.28]; WF: WH = 0.52–0.53, 5, [0.51, 0.54]; WF: LE = 1.00–1.05, 5, [0.97, 1.07]; WHE: WHPE = 0.99–1.00, 5, [0.99, 1.01]; VOL: LE = 1.11–1.18, 5, [1.09, 1.21]. Anterior ocellus small and subcircular in shape. WOT: OOL = 0.38–0.42, 5, [0.37, 0.44]; POL: AOL = 1.10–1.22, 5, [1.06, 1.27]; AOT = 66–71, 5, [62, 73]. Median clypeal lobe narrow; nearly flat; toruli not positioned especially widely on face, WT: WM = 0.13–0.15, 5, [0.12, 0.16]. Mandibles tridentate with indistinct fourth tooth, second and third teeth somewhat blunt. Mesosoma: Dorsal pronotal area, posterior of anteromesoscutum, and mesoscutellum all with similarly reticulate sculpture. Metapectal-propodeal disc with lateral carina present and posterior carina weak but complete. Anterior of metapectal-propodeal disc with reticulate sculpture, increasingly coarse medially to appear raised as indistinct median carina that fades in strength posteriorly, dissipating by posterior margin; reticulations weaker in posterior half of disc, especially medially aside from faint extension of median carina; declivity with somewhat stronger reticulations; difference in sculpture on either side of transition from disc to declivity somewhat strong. LTP: LH = 0.99–1.07, 5, [0.93, 1.09]; LPD: WPD = 0.90–0.95, 5, [0.88, 0.96]; LPD: LP = 0.74–0.79, 5, [0.71, 0.83]. Metasoma: Polished, setae present near posterior margin of each gastral segment. S 3 medially with sculpture faint and generally polished. Forewing: Macropterous. Sc + R, prestigmal abcissa of radial 1, and small pterostigma sclerotized. 2 r-rs + Rs vein absent and reduced to fold. Rs + M, M + Cu, and A indistinctly pigmented. Membrane subhyaline. Coloration: Dark brown except: basal antennal segments and mandible somewhat lighter, tibiae dark brown medially but fading to yellow-brown basally and apically, tarsi yellow. — Male: Length range: 1.2–1.5 mm (n = 2). Similar to female except for the following. Head wider with eyes bulging, and various morphometric differences as below. Antennae with flagellar segments longer, and with longer setae. LH: WH = 1.08–1.09, 2; LH: VOL = 2.88–2.94, 2; LH: LE = 2.20–2.22, 2; LH: TH = 1.72–1.76; WF: WH = 0.58–0.60, 2; WF: LE = 1.17–2.22, 2; WHE: WHPE = 1.06–1.07, 2; VOL: LE = 0.76–0.76, 2; WT: WM = 0.14–0.17, 2; WOT: OOL = 0.73–0.75, 2; POL: AOL = 1.48–1.51, 2; AOT 81–83, 2; LTP: LH = 1.06–1.18, 2; LPD: WPD = 0.84–0.86, 2; LPD: LP = 0.77–0.78.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named for Zander Wieger. The species name is to be treated as a noun in apposition. Kīwa'a'e'ena was selected for the Hawaiian common name. This name refers to the reticulate sculpture which is strong on the head and metapectal-propodeal disc with the kīwa'a (grooves) ' e'ena (extraordinary). ' E'ena means both shy, and extraordinary and fearsome, as this creature must appear wild and fearsome to its host when it appears in its tunnels, but small and unassuming to us humans.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from O'ahu island, Hawai'i. The series from Ukumehame noted below was found on Maui island. This species is likely adventive in Hawai'i.</p><p>Hosts.</p><p>This species has been found in Ficus benjamina, recorded from an Ozognathus sp. poss. exiguus ( Coleoptera: Ptinidae). The likely conspecific specimens from Maui island were reared from Acacia farnesiana pods.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Nine female individuals on three pins, collected from Acacia farnesiana pods in Ukumehame Valley on Maui island in 1929, were present in UHIM and also appear very close to the specimens noted above. Given their age and mounting method, DNA extraction was not attempted, and their relationship is not fully clear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F9360F21A8C5B4CA5BA83C29DB903A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Honsberger, David;Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela;Magnacca, Karl N.;Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli;Kelly, Sandor L.;Wright, Mark G.;Gariepy, Tara D.	Honsberger, David, Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, Magnacca, Karl N., Lorenzo-Elarco, Jacob Hauʻoli, Kelly, Sandor L., Wright, Mark G., Gariepy, Tara D. (2026): Unraveling a complex of cryptic species near Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and their association with the coffee berry borer and other hosts. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 609-645, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e174388
