taxonID	type	description	language	source
D36487CDFFF5FFC66493D0C61157FAD2.taxon	description	Location and age: Beremend 26; Lower Pliocene (MN 15). Material: a proximal left coracoid fragment (omal part) (Figure 2 / 4). Dimensions (in mm): coracoid: C — 5.5 – 5.9, D — 3.3 – 3.5, E — 3.0 – 3.2. Description: similar to Gallus bones, quail size.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF5FFC66493D3DA1159FDCA.taxon	description	Material: phalanx ungualis, digit pedis II (Figure 2 / 3). Dimensions (mm): A — 19.3, B — 9.9, C — 3.50, D — 5.20, E — 4.8. Description: This fossil, like the previously identified bones of † Pandion pannonicus, is smaller than those of the currently known osprey. The tuberculum extensorium is oblique with a blunt end; the cotyla articularis has an asymmetrical outline; the neck of the tuberculum flexorium is short, the lower part is convex in the middle; the corpus phalangis is wide and curved and the apex phalangis is damaged. The dimensions of the fossil are 80 % of those of the extant species. It is similar in size and shape to the holotype example described.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF5FFC66493D3DA1159FDCA.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative material: Pandion haliaetus (2010.222.1); Pandion pannonicus Kessler, 2018 (uncatalogued). This material is catalogued, number: VER 2021. 72; the bones belong to the collection of the Hungarian Museum of Natural History.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF5FFC76493D6861157FECE.taxon	description	Material: 1 distal right tarsometatarsus (Figure 2 / 5). Dimensions (in mm): tarsometatarsus: E — 3.5, F — 6.7, G — 5.0. Description: The description was given by Göhlich and Mourer-Chauviré (2005). Within the extinct pheasant species, the Palaeortyx species are distinct both in size and in anatomical characters. Palaeortyx gallica is a mediumsized extinct pheasant species within the Palaeortyx genus. This species is slightly larger in size than P. brevipes, but much smaller than P. phasianoides. In P. gallica, the tarsometatarsus has an anatomical marker that makes it easier to distinguish from other species, but this fossil specimen lacks this marker (fossa parahypotarsalis). Previous records of the taxon — sites and their age: Grund, Lower Miocene (MN 5) (Göhlich 2003); Litke 2, Lower Miocene (MN 5) (Kessler & Hír 2012); Kőalja 2, Middle Miocene (MN 6) (Kessler & Venczel 2009); Mátraszőlős 1, Middle Miocene (MN 6 – 8) (Kessler 2009 b); Rudabánya, Upper Miocene (MN 9) (Kessler 2009 b); Polgárdi, Upper Miocene (MN 13) (Kessler 2009 b); Mátraszőlős 3, Middle Miocene (Horváth 2023).	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF5FFC76493D6861157FECE.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative material: Perdix perdix (67.21.1); Coturnix coturnix (2010.1226.1); Gallus gallus domesticus (60.12.1); Alectoris rufa (68.7.1); Alectoris graeca (2010.1221.1). This material is not catalogued, it belongs to the Chapel of Reconciliation in Beremend and will be catalogued in their collection.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF4FFC76493D2B21157FAA6.taxon	description	Material: 1 distal left humerus (Figure 2 / 6). Dimensions (in mm): humerus: E — 10.5, F — 18.5, G — 10.2. Description: In his original diagnosis (Jánossy 1969), Dénes Jánossy described the morphological difference between fossil and modern species only in the proximal epiphysis. The dimensions suggest that the fossil from Beremend may be from a hen. Previous records of the taxon — sites and their age: MN 15 — Csarnóta 2 (Jánossy 1976 a, 1979 a; Kessler 2009 a); Beremend 26 (Kessler 2009 a); Q 1 — Osztramos 7 (Jánossy 1973, 1976 a, 1979 a); Q 2 — Méhész 1 (Kretzoi 1975; Jánossy 1976 a, 1979 a); Nagyharsányhegy 1 – 4 (Lambrecht 1916, 1933; Jánossy 1976 a, 1979 a); Q 3 / I — Hundsheim (Jánossy 1971, 1974, 1976 a); Tarkő 10 (Jánossy 1976 a, 1979 a). The earliest European presence of the capercaillie is known from the Early Pliocene at Dorkovo in Bulgaria (MN 14) (Boev 1998), followed by the sites Csarnóta and Beremend in Hungary, and the sites Weze in the Vistula in Poland (MN 15) and Rebielice Królowskie, Ostramos 7 (MN 16) of similar age (Jánossy 1976 b; Bocheński 1989; Mlíkovsk ỳ 2002; Kessler 2009 a).	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF4FFC76493D2B21157FAA6.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative material: fossil: Tetrao praeurogallus Jánossy, 1969 (V. 10.374); recent: Tetrao urogallus (58.37.1). This material is not catalogued, it belongs to the Chapel of Reconciliation in Beremend and will be catalogued in their collection.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF4FFC46493D6A31159FD02.taxon	description	Material: ungual phalanx (Figure 2 / 7). Dimensions (in mm): A — 10.2, B — 5.2. Description: Characteristic crane ungual (distal pedal phalanx), which shows a characteristic sulcus along the side of the ungual in addition to the flattened ventral face. The fossil bone is more robust than the recent species, but this discovered bone is not from the Grus genus. The tuberculum extensorium protrudes, the cotyla articularis is more concave laterally. The tuberculum flexorum is bluntly protruding. One species of the genus has been described so far in Hungary, † Balearica excelsa (Milne-Edwards 1868), from the Late Oligocene of Máriahalom (MP 25), which was identified from a claw bone (phal. 2 dig. I) (collected by Zoltán Evanics, in the collection of the Department of Palaeontology of ELTE). Dimensions of the claw: length of the claw bone 11 – 12 mm, length of the distal part of the joint 4.16 mm, including the cotyla articularis 5.74 mm, thickness 2.78 mm. The shape of the claw bone, with its sulcus, is characteristic and its size corresponds to that of a recurrent crane (Kessler 2013 a). Since cranes are represented in the fossil bird fauna of Europe only from Eocene and Late Miocene strata, the find can be compared with only one known species, a fossil species described from the Early Miocene in France (Saunt-Gérand-le-Puy, MN 2). Originally described as Grus excelsa by Milne-Edwards, 1868, the species was placed in Balearica by Mlíkovský (2002). It is also known in France, from Artenay (Lower Miocene, MN 4) and Sansan (Middle Miocene, MN 6). Mlíkovský (2002) also synonymised Balearica excelsa with Grus miocaenicus Grigorescu & Kessler, 1977, described from the Middle Miocene of Dobrudzsa, Romania.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF4FFC46493D6A31159FD02.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Early Miocene (MN 2 a) of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy, France (Milne-Edwards 1869 – 1871; Cracraft 1973; Cheneval 2000); early Miocene (MN 4) of Artenay, France; and middle Miocene (MN 6) of Sansan, France (Cheneval 2000). This material is catalogued, number VER 2021. 73; the bones belong to the collection of the Hungarian Museum of Natural History.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF7FFC56493D09F1157FECE.taxon	description	Material: 1 complete left tarsometatarsus (Figure 2 / 8). Dimensions (in mm): tarsometatarsus: A — 14.1, C — 4.0, D — 3.7, E — 2.0, F — 4.3, G — 2.4.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF7FFC56493D09F1157FECE.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative material: Cuculus canorus (2010.418.1). This material is not catalogued, it belongs to the Chapel of Reconciliation in Beremend and will be catalogued in their collection.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF6FFC56493D1C31121FB6E.taxon	description	Material: 1 distal right tarsometatarsus (Figure 2 / 9). Dimensions (in mm): E — 8.3, F — 11.5, G — 9.2. Description: In particular, the tarsometatarsus varies between owl species. Morphological differences are mostly found in the distal epiphysis. In this case, the diaphysis is rather short and stout and the trochlea metatarsi II is clublike.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF6FFC56493D1C31121FB6E.taxon	materials_examined	Previous records of the taxon — sites and their age: Known from the Upper Miocene of the Carpathian Basin (MN 13) — Polgárdi 4, 5 (Hungary) (Kessler 2010); MN 16 — Ostramos 7, Beremend 4, Villány 3 (all in Hungary) (Jánossy 1977); Q 1 – 2 — Nagyharsányhegy 1 – 4, Somssich hill 2 (all in Hungary) (Jánossy 1977, 1982, 1983, 1986; Kessler 2017). Comparative material: Asio otus (2010.502.1); Asio flammeus (2010.487.1); Aegolius funereus (2010.1624.1); Surnia ulula (2010.1640.1). This material is catalogued number: B. 38.2020.07.07; and belongs to the Chapel of Reconciliation in Beremend.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF6FFCA6493D57B1157FD02.taxon	description	Material: 1 distal left humerus (Figure 2 / 10), 1 proximal right scapula (Figure 2 / 11). Dimensions (in mm): humerus: F — 13.3, G — 5.5; scapula: B — 5.8, C — 5.1 / 4.2. Previous records of the taxon — sites and their age: The holotype is from the Upper Pliocene (MN 15 – 16) of Csarnóta 2, with humerus dimensions: E — 4.9, F — 11.5, G — 5.9, H — 6.2. The dimensions of the modern species Corvus monedula are: humerus E — 4.1 – 4.6, F — 9.4 – 11.1, G — 5.4 – 6.1, H — 5.5 – 6.46. It was described as a species of crow of the size of a corvid species, in which the condylus ventralis on the distal epiphysis of the humerus is not ovate but rounded; the epicondylus ventralis is much wider and more iron-shaped; the processus flexorius is more prominent; processus supracondylaris dorsalis and epicondylus dorsalis lack the concave indentation present in the jackdaw (Kessler 2010). The scapula is heavily damaged, but has crow-like features and its dimensions are similar to those of the jackdaw. It takes its name from the nearby town of Harkány. This fossil species, with the characteristics and size of a modern jackdaw, may have been the ancestor of the present form of Corvus in the Carpathian Basin. A small-sized Corvus species is known from the Upper Pliocene (Corvus cf. monedula: Văršec Bulgaria, MN 17 (Boev 2000), which is the only small-sized species of the genus from the recent avifauna of Europe (although presently renamed as Coloeus monedula). From the Early Pleistocene of the Stránská scale in the Czech Republic, Corvus moravicus Mlíkovsk ỳ, 1995 was described as an extinct taxon, but this species was later revised by the author himself and the material was assigned to the modern jackdaw (C. monedula Linnaeus, 1758) (Mlíkovsk ỳ 2002). The latter species has also been identified from several Lower, Middle and Upper Pleistocene sites (Jánossy 1979 a, b; Gál 2002). Apart from the species of Corvidae mentioned above, only Miocene finds from North America have been described; Olson and Rasmussen (2001) reported the taxon Corvus aff. ossifragus Wilson, 1812 from the Lee Creek Mine site, based on a tibiotarsus.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF6FFCA6493D57B1157FD02.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative material: Corvus monedula (61.9.1); Pica pica (58. I. 17); Garrulus glandarius (48. VIII. 24); Nucifraga caryocatactes (71.10.27). This material is not catalogued, it belongs to the Chapel of Reconciliation in Beremend and will be catalogued in their collection.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF9FFCA6493D00F1362FAA6.taxon	description	Material: 1 ungual phalanx (Figure 3 / 1). Dimensions (in mm): ungual phalanx: A — 3.9, B — 1.9. Description: the direction and the form of the tuberculum extensorium is straight and blunt; the form of the cotyla articularis is weakly concave; the shape of the tuberculum flexorium is concave and the concavity of the margo plantaris is strongly arched symmetrically. The form of the apex is missing. Previous records of the taxon — sites and their age: Outside the Carpathian Basin, the family is only known from the late Pliocene by Ficedula sp. from Montoussé 5 in France (Clot et al. 1976), and from the Pleistocene by Oenanthe cf. oenanthe from Hundsheim in Austria the extant species (Tyrberg 1998); MN 13 — Polgárdi 5 (Kessler 2010); MN 15 — Csarnóta 2; Beremend 26 (Kessler 2010), as a preliminary indication of Oenanthe cf. oenanthe.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF9FFCA6493D00F1362FAA6.taxon	materials_examined	Comparative material: Oenanthe oenanthe (2010.1816.1).	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
D36487CDFFF8FFC86493D6331299FE22.taxon	description	Material: 1 radius proximal fragment (Figure 3 / 4) Dimensions (in mm): radius: C — 3.1, D — 1.9, E — 1.6. Description: This proximal radius cannot be identified to species, but judging by its size and character, may belong to a species of a songbird. Location and age: Egyházasdengeleg, Late Miocene (MN 12 – 13) Material: 1 ungual phalanx (from Egyházasdengeleg) (Figure 3 / 5) Dimensions (in mm): ungual phalanx: A — 7.7, B — 5.0, C — 3.0. Location and age: Hidas, Middle Miocene (MN 7 – 8) Material: pedal phalanx II. 1 (Figure 3 / 6). Dimensions (in mm): phalanges pedis: A — 10.9, C — 3.4, E — 1.6, F — 2.8, G — 1.9, F — 4.5, G — 1.5. Location and age: Alsótelekes; Late Miocene (MN 12 – 13). Material: part ungual phalanx (Figure 3 / 7) Dimensions (in mm): A — 11.7, B — 5.1. Location and age: Alsótelekes; Late Miocene (MN 12 – 13) Material: partial manal phalanx proximalis digiti majoris (Figure 3 / 8) Dimensions (in mm): A — ca. 25.0, E — 7.2.	en	Horváth, Ida (2025): New records of fossil bird bones from the Neogene in Hungary. Zootaxa 5627 (2): 327-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.2.5
