identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0C557C5CFADC5DE3AB35D35EDC02F30F.text	0C557C5CFADC5DE3AB35D35EDC02F30F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratocombus (Ceratocombus) ishigaki Yamada 2026	<div><p>Ceratocombus (Ceratocombus) ishigaki sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A – D, 3 A, 3 D, 4 A – C, 5, 8 A</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • ♂ (macropterous, Figs 1 A, 1 B, 3 A), ‘ JAPAN: Ishigaki-jima \ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.16417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.16417/lat 24.416666)">Shiramizu</a>, 24°25'0"N \ 124°9'51"E, 22 m, \ 20–21 XI 2017, \ K. Yamada’ [printed]; mounted on triangle card, in intact condition (MNHAH) . Paratypes: Japan: Ryukyus: Ishigaki-jima Is.: • 24 ♂ (one in Fig. 3 D, one in Fig. 5 A – H), 14 ♀ (one in Fig. 1 C, D, one in Fig. 5 I, one in Figs 4 A – C, 5 J, one in Fig. 8 A), same data as holotype (MNHAH); • 19 ♂, 14 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.16425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.16425/lat 24.416666)">Shiramizu</a>, 24°24'60.0"N, 124°09'51.3"E, 14. xi. 2018, K. Yamada (MNHAH) ; • 24 ♂, 40 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.13528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.444443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.13528/lat 24.444443)">Kabira</a>, 24°26'40"N, 124°08'07"E, 16. vi. 2019, K. Yamada (22 ♂ 38 ♀ MNHAH, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ELKU, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ OMNH) . All specimens are macropterous.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished from all other known species of the subgenus Ceratocombus by the following combination of characteristics: Pronotum reddish-brown to brown, sometimes with a wide dark band on posterior margin; eye with a long erect seta at the posterior margin; pronotum with a very long stout erect seta near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle; pronotal collar lacking a long erect seta laterally; forewing without a triangular cell; male laterotergite VIII tapered towards apex, slightly sinuate; male laterotergite IX strongly bent in dorsal view, extremely swollen near median portion and suddenly narrowed towards apex, with hook-shaped tip; and female spermatheca J-shaped, basal portion narrowed posteriad and continuous to slender ductus, apical portion club-shaped and thickened towards the end.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Macropterous, body elongate, small (1.35–1.50 mm).</p><p>Colouration (Fig. 1 A, B). Head reddish-brown to brown; eyes and ocelli dark red; antennae yellowish-brown, segments II to IV with dark brown tinge; labium yellowish-brown, segments I and II with dark brown tinge. Pronotum reddish-brown to brown; posterior margin sometimes with wide dark band. Scutellum reddish-brown to brown. Forewings smoky dark brown, somewhat paler than pronotum. Legs yellowish-brown, coxa and femora tinged dark brown. Ventral surface of thorax blackish-brown. Abdomen blackish-brown to reddish-brown. Surface and vestiture. Head impunctate, matte, covered with short yellowish setae; clypeus, bucculae and labrum with dense semi-erect setae; three pairs of very long erect setae on each side of clypeus, near front margin of each eye and behind each ocellus (Fig. 3 A); apex of clypeus with a single very long erect seta; eye with a long erect seta at the posterior margin (Fig. 3 A). Antennal segment I with sparse setae at apex; segment II covered with scattered semi-erect setae, approximately as long as width of the segment; segments III and IV covered with mix of short semi-erect and long erect setae, the longest seta much longer than five to six times the width of the segment. Labial segment II dorsally with pair of erect setae, slightly shorter than segment width. Pronotum impunctate, matte, sparsely covered with short decumbent setae and with very long stout erect setae near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle, which are more than three times as long as short decumbent setae (Fig. 3 A); pronotal collar lacking a long erect seta laterally. Legs covered with setae of various lengths; forecoxae ventrally with a few long erect setae; forefemora with four to five long erect setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces; midfemora with two long erect setae on apical part of dorsal surface; hind femora with two to three long erect setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces. Forewings with short setae along costal margin and on anal, radius and media veins. Abdomen smooth on dorsal surface, sparsely covered with decumbent setae; medioventral surface of sternum VII covered with dense short setae, base of the setae subcylindrical; posterior margin of mediotergite VIII (mt 8) with a few short setae (Fig. 5 A); outer side of laterotergite VIII (lt 8) sparsely covered with distinctively long stout setae (Fig. 5 A, C); posteroventral surface of sternum VIII (st 8) with sparse setae (Fig. 5 B); laterotergite IX (lt 9) bearing dense very long stout setae near the middle (Fig. 5 A, D – F); pygophore (py) covered with semi-erect setae on ventral surface, with two pairs of very long stout setae near caudal portion (Fig. 5 A, B). Structure. Head: short, weakly declivous, produced anteriorly (Figs 1 A, 3 A); head width across eyes approximately 1.6 times wider than interocular distance (Figs 1 A, 3 A); eyes small, granulate; ocellus touches median margin of respective eye. Antennal segment I stout, approximately 1.5 times as long as its diameter; segment II slightly thickened towards apex, approximately 3.0 times as long as segment I; segment III thickened near base, shorter than segment IV. Labium reaching apex of hind coxae; segment II stout, approximately 1.6 times as long as wide; segment III approximately 4.0 times longer than segment II; and segment IV approximately as long as segment III. Thorax: pronotum (Figs 1 A, 3 A) trapezoidal in dorsal view, approximately 0.6 of its basal width in length; anterior margin slightly curved; lateral margin nearly straight, weakly carinate; posterior margin slightly concave; pronotal collar very well developed, laterally with distinct transverse sulcus, which delimits it from the callus; callus swollen, with longitudinal weak sulcus on the mid-line, surrounded posteriorly by a weak row of minute punctures; posterior disc flattened and narrow. Legs: forecoxae well developed, slightly shorter than and almost same width as forefemora; forefemora thicker than mid and hind femora; fore tibiae thickened towards apex, densely covered with slender spines on apical half, bearing a tibial comb consisting of a few slender, short spines at inner side of apex; midfemora almost same width as hind femora; midtibiae nearly straight, bearing several stout, long spines near base and on apical half, the stout spine is slightly longer than the width of midtibia; hind coxae large, basally widened; hind tibiae nearly straight, covered almost entirely with stout spines which are as long as the width of hind tibia; tarsal formula 3-3 - 3. Forewing (Fig. 3 D): surpassing apex of abdomen; marginal vein interrupted by short costal fracture; a triangular cell absent; cubital cell (cell posteriad of cubitus) (Fig. 3 D: cu) quadrangular; the insertion points of media and cubitus veins on the cubital cell far from each other; medial cell (cell posteriad of media) (Fig. 3 D: m) very large, elongated triangular; venation as shown in Fig. 3 D. Pregenital abdomen: all segments symmetrical; spiracles located on laterotergites III – VII. Genitalia: mediotergite VIII symmetrical, anterior margin concave medially, posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 3 A); laterotergite VIII sub-basally with spiracle (Fig. 5 C), tapered towards apex, slightly sinuate (Fig. 5 C); sternum VIII approximately 1.5 times as long as mediotergite VIII, anterior margin rounded, posterior margin nearly straight, not protruding medially (Fig. 5 B); pygophore large and oval, approximately 1.5 times as long as maximum length of sternite VIII, posterodorsally (near anterior to parameres) with ridges and process (preparameral process; pp) (Fig. 5 A); preparameral process protruding; laterotegite IX strongly bent in dorsal view, extremely swollen near median portion and suddenly narrowed towards apex, with hook-shaped tip, elevated dorsally (Fig. 5 A, D – F); parameres (lp, rp) symmetrical, left equal in size to right, basal process bulbous with a long projection and a few small projections, anterior process slender with a minute hook-shaped tip (Fig. 5 G, H).</p><p>Female (Figs 1 C, 1 D, 4 A – C, 5 I, 5 J). Macropterous. Similar to male in colouration, surface texture and vestiture, larger than male (1.50–1.70 mm); foretarsi much thinner than male; tarsal formula 2-2 - 3 (Fig. 4 A – C); forewing usually surpassing apex of abdomen; abdomen superficially symmetrical. Genitalia: anterior part of first valvula with approximately 25 teeth, with the first apical tooth being the largest, the 2 nd to 15 th tooth small and had variable shape, the remaining teeth (16 th to 25 th) minute with consistent sizes (Fig. 5 I); spermatheca J-shaped, basal portion narrowed posteriad and continuous to slender ductus, apical portion club-shaped and thickened towards the end, with apical pump (Fig. 5 J).</p><p>Measurements (♂ n = 11 / ♀ n = 11, holotype in parentheses). Body length 1.35–1.50 (1.50) / 1.50–1.70; head width across eyes 0.31–0.35 (0.35) / 0.34–0.36; interocular distance 0.19–0.22 (0.21) / 0.21–0.24; length of antennal segments I – 0.04–0.06 (0.05) / 0.04–0.07, II – 0.14–0.16 (0.15) / 0.15–0.18, III – 0.21–0.26 (0.21) / 0.25–0.28, and IV – 0.29–0.32 (unmeasurable) / 0.31–0.34; length of labial segments II – 0.03–0.06 (0.04) / 0.06–0.08, III – 0.19–0.23 (0.22) / 0.29–0.31 and IV – 0.20–0.23 (0.23) / 0.24–0.26; medial length of pronotum 0.21–0.23 (0.23) / 0.23–0.25; width of pronotum 0.44–0.51 (0.50) / 0.53–0.55; length of forewing 1.00–1.10 (1.10) / 1.11–1.25; length of hind tibiae 0.44–0.49 (0.45) / 0.48–0.54.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named for the type locality, Ishigaki-jima Island of the Ryukyus; a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Ishigaki-jima Island).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C557C5CFADC5DE3AB35D35EDC02F30F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamada, Kazutaka	Yamada, Kazutaka (2026): Japanese species of the minute litter bug genus Ceratocombus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ceratocombidae), with descriptions of three new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 153-170, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.170965
8875B0CA2B2B5872A507C08B44F7AA33.text	8875B0CA2B2B5872A507C08B44F7AA33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) japonicus Poppius 1910	<div><p>Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) japonicus Poppius, 1910</p><p>Fig. 2 A</p><p>Ceratocombus (s. str.) japonicus Poppius, 1910 a: 4 . Lectotype (designated by Kerzhner, 1974: 76): ♀, Japan, Onsen; HNHM .</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype: • ♀ (macropterous, Fig. 2 A), Japan, Onsen, H. Sauter coll. (HNHM, image examined) .</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Japan: Kyushu: Fukuoka Pref.: • 1 ♀ (macropterous), Mt. Hikosan, 9. v. 1957, K. Morimoto (ELKU) .</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Recognised by the following combination of characteristics: Body 1.25 (brachypterous female) and 1.60–1.80 (macropterous female) mm in length (see Kezhner (1988)), generally brown; apex of head, antennae and labium pale yellow; head slightly longer than wide across the eyes; labium extending to midcoxae; pronotum lacking long erect setae near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle, barely shorter than wide at the anterior margin; scutellum light brown; cubital cell of forewing almost pentangular; the insertion points of media and cubitus veins on the cubital cell far from each other; legs pale yellow. Male unknown. Recognised by the original description by Poppius (1910 a) and figures presented by Kerzhner (1974).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), Kunashir Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8875B0CA2B2B5872A507C08B44F7AA33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamada, Kazutaka	Yamada, Kazutaka (2026): Japanese species of the minute litter bug genus Ceratocombus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ceratocombidae), with descriptions of three new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 153-170, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.170965
150B1880D9955BC0A09320698A9765A7.text	150B1880D9955BC0A09320698A9765A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) meridianus Yamada 2026	<div><p>Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) meridianus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 E – H, 3 B, 3 E, 4 D – F, 6, 8 B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • ♂ (macropterous, Fig. 1 E, F), ‘ JAPAN: Amami- \ ôshima, Sumiyo-cho, \ Takinohana-yama \ 11–12 VI 2018 \ K. Yamada’ [printed]; mounted on a triangular card, in intact condition (MNHAH) . Paratypes: Japan: Ryukyus: Amami-Ôshima Is.: • 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Amami-shi, Chinese, Honchatôge, 31. xii. 2018, R. Ito (MNHAH) ; • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (Fig. 8 B), Amami-shi, Sumiyô-chô, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.42361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.311943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.42361/lat 28.311943)">Kawauchi</a>, 28°18'43"N, 129°25'25"E, 50 m alt., 12. x. 2017, K. Yamada (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, Amami-shi, Sumiyô-chô, Santarô-tôge, 27. iv. 2024, R. Ito (MNHAH) ; • 12 ♂ (one in Fig. 3 B, one in Figs 3 E, 6 A – H), 19 ♀ (one in Fig. 1 G, H, one in Figs 4 D – F, 6 I, 6 J), same data as holotype (10 ♂ 17 ♀ MNHAH, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ELKU, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ OMNH); • 2 ♀, Uken-son, Chûô-rindô, 2. vii. 2004, K. Yamada (MNHAH) ; • 4 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 4. vii. 2004, K. Yamada (MNHAH) . All specimens are macropterous.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Recognised by the following combination of characteristics: Head and pronotum uniformly blackish-brown; scutellum blackish-brown to reddish-brown; antennae yellowish-brown, segments I and II with dark brown tinge; labium yellowish-brown, tinged with dark brown on segments I and II, sometimes darkish basally on segment III; legs yellowish-brown, but tinged with dark brown on basal part of coxa and most of femora and tibiae; forewings smoky dark brown; pronotum approximately 0.5 of its basal width in length, with long erect setae near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle, which are little longer than short decumbent setae on lateral margin; medial cell nearly trapezoidal; tarsal formula 2-2 - 2 in male and female; male laterotegite VIII apically strongly bent, acute towards apex; posterior margin of male sternum VIII strongly protruding medially; male laterotegite IX semi-circularly curved in dorsal view, rounded at apex; and female spermatheca teardrop-shaped, tapered posteriad and stretching out into very long and thin ductus.</p><p>This new species has a similar appearance to that of C. (X.) taivanus Poppius, 1915 from Taiwan, but is distinguished from the latter by the antennae yellowish-brown, tinged with dark brown on segments I and II (in C. taivanus, at least antennal segments I and II uniformly yellow) and antennal segment II 2.7–3.0 times as long as segment I (in C. taivanus, approximately 2.5 times as long as segment I). Externally somewhat similar to C. (X.) plebejus Poppius, 1910, but distinguished from this species by the smoky dark brown forewings which are somewhat paler than the pronotum (in C. plebejus, forewings light brown in contrast to blackish-brown pronotum; Fig. 2 B), yellowish-brown antennae and legs (in C. plebejus, pale yellow; Fig. 2 B).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Macropterous, body elongate (1.75–1.95 mm).</p><p>Colouration (Fig. 1 E, F). Head uniformly blackish-brown; eyes and ocelli dark red; antennae yellowish-brown, segments I and II with dark brown tinge; labium yellowish-brown, segments I and II with somewhat dark brown tinge, sometimes darkish basally on segment III. Pronotum uniformly blackish-brown in colour. Scutellum blackish-brown to reddish-brown. Forewings smoky dark brown, somewhat paler than pronotum. Legs yellowish-brown, but tinged with dark brown on basal part of coxa and most of femora and tibiae. Ventral surface of the thorax blackish-brown. Abdomen paler than ventral surface of thorax, tinged with reddish-brown. Surface and vestiture. Head impunctate, matte, sparsely covered with short yellowish setae; clypeus, bucculae and labrum with dense semi-erect setae; 5–6 pairs of very long erect setae on labrum, each side of clypeus, inner side of antennal insertion, near front margin of each eye and behind each ocellus (Fig. 3 B); apex of clypeus with single very long erect seta. Antennal segment I with sparse setae at apex; segment II covered with short semi-erect setae intermixed with long erect setae, of which the longest seta is approximately as long as the width of the segment; segments III and IV covered with a mix of short semi-erect and long erect setae, of which the longest seta is much longer than five times the width of the corresponding segment. Labial segment II dorsally with a pair of very long erect setae, which are much longer than the width of the segment. Pronotum impunctate, matte, sparsely covered with short decumbent setae and with long erect setae near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle, slightly longer than short decumbent setae on lateral margin (Fig. 3 B). Legs densely covered with setae of various lengths; forefemora with three to four long erect setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces; midfemora with two to three long setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces; hind femora with four to five long erect setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces. Forewings with short setae along costal margin and on anal, radius and media veins. Abdomen smooth on dorsal surface, sparsely covered with decumbent setae along posterior margin of each sternum; posterior margin of mediotergite VIII (mt 8) covered with distinct setae (Fig. 6 A); outer side of laterotergite VIII (lt 8) densely covered with distinctively long stout setae and apical portion of inner side of laterotergite VIII with sparse short setae (Fig. 6 A, C); posterior margin of sternum VIII (st 8) with distinct setae (Fig. 6 B); laterotergite IX (lt 9) bearing scattered long stout setae near the middle and with micro-setae near apex (Fig. 6 A, D – F); pygophore (py) covered with semi-erect setae on ventral surface, with two pairs of very long stout setae near caudal portion. Structure. Head: short, weakly declivous, produced anteriorly (Figs 1 E, 3 B); head width across eyes approximately 1.5 times wider than interocular distance (Figs 1 E, 3 B); eyes small, granulate; ocellus touches the median margin of the respective eye. Antennal segment I stout, approximately twice as long as its diameter; segment II slightly thickened towards the apex, 2.7–3.0 times as long as segment I; segment III thickened near base, slightly shorter than segment IV. Labium reaching apex of hind coxae; segment II stout, approximately 1.6 times as long as width; segment III approximately 4.0 times longer than segment II; segment IV 0.7–0.8 times as long as segment III. Thorax: pronotum (Figs 1 E, 3 B) trapezoidal in dorsal view, 0.48 of its basal width in length, distinctly much stronger declivous in lateral view; anterior margin slightly curved; lateral margin nearly straight, weakly carinate; posterior margin concave; pronotal collar very well developed, laterally with distinct transverse sulcus, which delimits it from the callus; callus weakly swollen, with weak medial longitudinal sulcus, surrounded posteriorly by a row of minute punctures; posterior disc flattened. Legs: forecoxae well developed, slightly shorter than and almost the same width as forefemora; forefemora thicker than mid and hind femora; foretibiae slightly thickened towards apex, densely covered almost entirely with stout spines of various lengths, the longest spines almost as long as maximum width of the foretibia, and with a tibial comb consisting of a few slender, short spines at inner side of apex; midfemora almost the same width as hind femora; midtibiae nearly straight, bearing several stout, long spines, the longest spine located near base and much longer than the width of midtibia; hind coxae large, basally widened; hind tibiae nearly straight, covered almost entirely with stout, long spines which are longer than the width of hind tibia; tarsal formula 2-2 - 2. Forewing (Fig. 3 E): surpassing apex of abdomen; marginal vein interrupted by short costal fracture; cubital cell (cell posteriad of cubitus) nearly triangular; media and cubitus veins inserting close to each other posteriorly on cubital cell (cell posteriad of cubitus), but not adjacent; medial cell (cell posteriad of media) nearly trapezoidal; venation as shown in Fig. 3 E. Pregenital abdomen: all segments symmetrical; spiracles located on laterotergites III – VII. Genitalia: mediotergite VIII symmetrical, short, anterior margin concave medially, posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 6 A); laterotegite VIII sub-basally with spiracle (Fig. 6 C), apically strongly bent, acute towards apex (Fig. 6 C); sternum VIII longer than mediotergite VIII, anterior margin a little concave medially, posterior margin strongly protruding medially (Fig. 6 B); pygophore large and oval, slightly shorter than double maximum length of sternite VIII, posterodorsally (near anterior to parameres) with ridges and process (preparameral process; pp) (Fig. 6 A); preparameral process strongly protruding; laterotegite IX semi-circularly curved in dorsal view, rounded at apex, elevated dorsad (Fig. 6 A, D – F); parameres (lp, rp) symmetrical, left equal in size to right, basal process bulbous with a long and curved process and an apically notched projection, anterior process slender and tapering with a little curved tip (Fig. 6 G, H).</p><p>Female (Figs 1 G, 1 H, 4 D – F, 6 I, 6 J). Macropterous. Similar to male in colouration, surface texture and vestiture, slightly larger than male (1.75–2.05 mm), rather ovoid; foretarsi almost same width as male; tarsal formula 2-2 - 2 (Fig. 4 D – F); forewing usually surpassing apex of abdomen; abdomen superficially symmetrical. Genitalia: anterior part of first valvula with variously-sized teeth, the first apical tooth being the largest, the 2 nd to 7 th teeth medium-sized and showed a gradual decrease in size and the remaining teeth minute (Fig. 6 I); spermatheca teardrop-shaped, tapered posteriad and stretching out into very long and thin ductus, with apical pump (Fig. 6 J).</p><p>Measurements (♂ n = 10 / ♀ n = 8, holotype in parentheses). Body length 1.75–1.95 (1.83) / 1.75–2.05; head width across eyes 0.39–0.43 (0.42) / 0.43–0.46; interocular distance 0.24–0.29 (0.27) / 0.29–0.31; length of antennal segments I – 0.06–0.09 (0.08) / 0.08–0.09, II – 0.21–0.24 (0.23) / 0.21–0.24, III – 0.45–0.50 (0.45) / 0.50–0.52, and IV – 0.54–0.56 (unmeasurable) / 0.53–0.54; length of labial segments II – 0.08–0.11 (0.09) / 0.09–0.11, III – 0.35–0.39 (0.36) / 0.39–0.44, and IV – 0.27–0.31 (0.29) / 0.25–0.31; medial length of pronotum 0.27–0.29 (0.29) / 0.29–0.34; width of pronotum 0.55–0.60 (0.59) / 0.59–0.68; length of forewing 1.30–1.48 (1.45) / 1.30–1.53; length of hind tibiae 0.69–0.75 (0.72) / 0.74–0.83.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From the Latin meridies (south, southern), referring to the occurrence of this new species in southern or south-western part of Japan, Amami-Ôshima Island; an adjective.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Amami-Ôshima Island).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/150B1880D9955BC0A09320698A9765A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamada, Kazutaka	Yamada, Kazutaka (2026): Japanese species of the minute litter bug genus Ceratocombus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ceratocombidae), with descriptions of three new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 153-170, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.170965
74AA14FB09E455A3A323D1258BFF4D81.text	74AA14FB09E455A3A323D1258BFF4D81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) plebejus Poppius 1910	<div><p>Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) plebejus Poppius, 1910</p><p>Fig. 2 B</p><p>Ceratocombus (s. str.) plebejus Poppius, 1910 a: 3 . Lectotype (designated by Kerzhner (1974: 74)): ♀, Japan, Bukenji; HNHM .</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype: • ♀ (macropterous, Fig. 2 B), Japan, Bukenji, H. Sauter coll. (HNHM, image examined) .</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Japan: Honshu: Kanagawa Pref.: • 1 ♀ (macropterous), Odawara, 6. xi. 1945, M. Kubota (ELKU) .</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Recognised by the following combination of characteristics: Body 1.5–1.7 (macropterous male), 1.3–1.5 (brachypterous female) and 1.7–1.75 (macropterous females) mm in size (see Kezhner (1988)) in length, slightly rounded at sides; head and pronotum blackish-brown, apex of head, antennae and labium pale yellow; head as long as wide across eyes; labium extending to midcoxae; pronotum lacking long erect setae near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle, approximately as long as anterior margin; forewings light brown, distinctly paler than colouration of pronotum (colouration of forewings in contrast to the blackish-brown pronotum); cubital cell slightly quadrangular; media and cubitus veins inserting close to each other posteriorly on cubital cell; legs pale yellow. Recognised by the original description by Poppius (1910 a) and figures presented by Kerzhner (1974).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), South Korea, Russia (Primorsky Krai).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/74AA14FB09E455A3A323D1258BFF4D81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamada, Kazutaka	Yamada, Kazutaka (2026): Japanese species of the minute litter bug genus Ceratocombus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ceratocombidae), with descriptions of three new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 153-170, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.170965
6308FC3EF89E571FB7A7120AD5DAFB33.text	6308FC3EF89E571FB7A7120AD5DAFB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) trimaculatus Yamada 2026	<div><p>Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) trimaculatus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 I – L, 3 C, 3 F, 4 G – I, 7, 8 C</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • ♂ (macropterous, Figs 1 I, 1 J, 3 C), ‘ [JAPAN] Amami Is. \ Honchatôge \ 31. Dec. 2018 \ Reo Ito. leg \ &lt;Amami-Ôshima Chinase&gt; [Chinese script] ’ [printed]; mounted on a triangular card, in intact condition (MNHAH) . Paratypes: Japan: Ryukyus: Amami-Ôshima Is.: • 1 ♀, Amami-shi, Sumiyô-chô, Kawauchi, 25. vi. 2016, M. Nishi (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, Amami-shi, Naze, Kominato, 1. v. 2016, M. Nishi (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, Amami-shi, Sumiyô-chô, Higashinakama, 24. vi. 2017, M. Nishi (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, Amami-shi, Sumiyô-chô, Kamiya, 3. xi. 2019, M. Nishi (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, Amami-shi, Sumiyô-chô, Ishihara, 12. x. 2019, R. Ito (MNHAH) ; • 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Yamato-son, Forest Police, 5. vii. 2004, K. Yamada (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀ (Figs 3 F, 7 I, 7 J), Uken-son, Chûô-rindô, 2. vii. 2004, K. Yamada (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, Setouchi-chô, Setouchi-Chûô-rindô, 18. ix. 2018, M. Nishi (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♂ (Fig. 7 A – H), Setouchi-chô, Kôchi-yama, 12. ix. 2002, T. Ueda (MNHAH) . Kakeroma-jima Is.: • 2 ♂, 6 ♀ (one in Fig. 1 K, L), Osai, 1. v. 2022, R. Ito (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♂, Saneku, 1. v. 2022, R. Ito (MNHAH) . Okinoerabu-jima Is.: • 1 ♂, China-chô, Ôyama, 30. iv. 2024, R. Ito (MNHAH) . Ishigaki-jima Is.: • 1 ♂, Mt. Nosokodake, 1. vii. 2002, T. Nakata (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀ (Fig. 4 G – I), Mt. Omotodake, 15. vi. 2021, K. Akita (MNHAH) ; • 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (Fig. 8 C), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.16425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.16425/lat 24.416666)">Shiramizu</a>, 24°24'60.0"N, 124°09'51.3"E, 12. xi. 2018, K. Yamada (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♂, Mt. Bannadake, 21. ix. 1998, K. Takahashi (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, 22. ix. 1998, same locality and collector (MNHAH); • 1 ♀, 5. xii. 1998, same locality and collector (MNHAH); • 1 ♀, 13. xii. 1998, same locality and collector (MNHAH); • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, no detailed locality data, 16. ii. 1998, K. Takahashi (MNHAH) . Iriomote-jima Is.: • 1 ♀, Shiarahama-rindô, 1. xi. 1998, K. Takahashi (MNHAH) ; • 2 ♀, Kampire fall, 24. iv. 1999, K. Takahashi (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.90305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.3475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.90305/lat 24.3475)">Airagawa</a>, 24°20'51"N, 123°54'11"E, 60 m alt., 24. xi. 2018, F. Nakano (MNHAH) ; • 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.76556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.363335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.76556/lat 24.363335)">Ûshiku-mori</a>, 24°21'48"N, 123°45'56"E, 180 m alt., 23. xi. 2018, F. Nakano (MNHAH) . Yonaguni-jima Is.: • 1 ♀, Angaimidwuchi, 14. v. 2023, R. Ito (MNHAH) . All specimens are macropterous.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Recognised by the following combination of characteristics: Head, pronotum and scutellum blackish-brown to reddish-brown; antennae and labium generally yellowish-brown; legs yellowish-brown, femora with dark brown tinge; forewings smoky dark brown, with two whitish spots (the smaller one at the tip of the clavus and innermost of endocorium and the larger one close to the costal fracture); pronotum approximately 0.47 times as long as basal width in length, with long erect setae near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle, which are little longer than short decumbent setae on lateral margin; medial cell nearly triangular; tarsal formula 2-2 - 2 in male and female; male laterotegite VIII moderately curved, tapered towards apex; posterior margin of male sternum VIII strongly protruding medially; male laterotegite IX rectangularly curved in dorsal view, inwardly notched near apex; and female spermatheca kidney-shaped, slightly narrowed posteriad and stretched into thin ductus.</p><p>Closely related to C. (X.) fasciatipennis Ren &amp; Zheng, 1992 from Zhejiang, China, with some markings on the forewings and general configuration of male genitalia, but differs from that species by the colouration of the forewings – smoky dark brown with three whitish spots (in C. fasciatipennis, brownish to brownish-black, sub-basally with a broad fascia light in colour), cubital cell of forewing nearly triangular (in C. fasciatipennis, almost hexagonal) and laterotegite IX rectangularly curved in dorsal view, inwardly notched near apex (in C. fasciatipennis, a curved shaft bending inwards, apex with a small cavity).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Macropterous, body elongate (1.43–1.53 mm).</p><p>Colouration (Fig. 1 I, J). Head blackish-brown to reddish-brown; eyes and ocelli dark red; antennae yellowish-brown, segments III and IV with dark brown tinge; labium yellowish-brown, segments I and II with somewhat dark brown tinge. Pronotum and scutellum blackish-brown to reddish-brown. Forewing smoky dark brown, somewhat paler than pronotum, with two whitish spots, the smaller one at the tip of the clavus and innermost of endocorium and the larger one close to the costal fracture. Legs yellowish-brown; coxae basally tinged with blackish-brown; femora with dark brown tinge. Ventral surface of thorax blackish-brown. Abdomen blackish-brown to reddish-brown. Surface and vestiture. Head impunctate, matte, sparsely covered with short yellowish setae; clypeus, bucculae and labrum with dense semi-erect setae; 5–6 pairs of very long erect setae on labrum, each side of clypeus, inner side of antennal insertion, near front margin of each eye and behind each ocellus (Fig. 3 C); apex of clypeus with a single very long erect seta. Antennal segment I with sparse setae at apex; segment II covered with short semi-erect setae, intermixed with long erect setae, of which the longest seta is approximately as long as the width of the segment; segments III and IV covered with mix of short semi-erect and long erect setae, of which the longest seta is much longer than five times the width of the corresponding segment. Labial segment II dorsally with a pair of very long erect seta, which is much longer than the width of the segment. Pronotum impunctate, matte, sparsely covered with short decumbent setae and with long erect setae near each anterolateral and posterolateral angle, slightly longer than short decumbent setae on lateral margin (Fig. 3 C). Legs densely covered with setae of various lengths; forefemora with three to four long erect setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces; midfemora with two to three long setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces; hind femora with four to five long setae on ventral and lateroventral surfaces. Forewings with short setae along costal margin and on anal, radius and media veins. Abdomen smooth on dorsal surface, sparsely covered with decumbent setae along posterior margin of each sternum; posterior margin of mediotergite VIII (mt 8) covered with distinct setae (Fig. 7 A); outer side of laterotergite VIII (lt 8) densely covered with distinctively long stout setae (Fig. 7 A, C) and apical portion of inner side of laterotergite VIII with sparse short setae; posterior margin of sternum VIII (st 8) with distinct setae (Fig. 7 B); laterotergite IX (lt 9) bearing five to six long stout setae near the middle (Fig. 7 A, D – F); pygophore (py) covered with semi-erect setae on ventral surface, with two pairs of very long stout setae near caudal portion (Fig. 7 A, B). Structure. Head: short, weakly declivous, produced anteriorly (Figs 1 I, 3 C); head width across eyes approximately 1.5–1.6 times wider than interocular distance (Figs 1 I, 3 C); eyes small, granulate; ocellus touching the median margin of the respective eye. Antennal segment I stout, approximately twice as long as its diameter; segment II slightly thickened towards apex, approximately 2.8–3.0 times as long as segment I; segment III thickened near base, slightly shorter than segment IV. Labium reaching apex of hind coxae; segment II stout, approximately 1.5 times as long as width; segment III approximately 4.0 times longer than segment II; segment IV 0.9–1.0 times as long as segment III. Thorax: pronotum (Figs 1 I, 3 C) trapezoidal in dorsal view, length approximately 0.47 times as long as basal width; anterior margin nearly straight; lateral margin nearly straight, anterior angle weakly rounded, weakly carinate; posterior margin slightly concave; pronotal collar very well developed, laterally with distinct transverse sulcus, which delimits it from the callus; callus weakly swollen, with weak longitudinal median sulcus, surrounded posteriorly by a row of minute punctures; posterior disc flattened and narrow. Legs: forecoxae well developed, slightly shorter than and almost the same width as forefemora; forefemora thicker than mid and hind femora; foretibiae slightly thickened towards apex, densely covered almost entirely with stout spines of various lengths, the longest spines almost as long as maximum width of the foretibia and with a tibial comb consisting of thin, short spines at inner side of apex; midfemora almost the same width as hind femora; mid tibiae nearly straight, bearing several stout, long spines, the longest spine located near base and much longer than the width of midtibia; hind coxae large, basally widened; hind tibiae nearly straight, covered almost entirely with stout, long spines which are longer than the width of hind tibia; tarsal formula 2-2 - 2. Forewing (Fig. 3 F): surpassing apex of abdomen; marginal vein just interrupted by short costal fracture; cubital cell (cell posteriad of cubitus) nearly triangular; media and cubitus veins inserting adjacent each other posteriorly cubital cell; medial cell (cell posteriad of media) nearly triangular; venation as shown in Fig. 3 F. Pregenital abdomen: all segments symmetrical; spiracles located on laterotergites III – VII. Genitalia: mediotergite VIII symmetrical, short, anterior margin concave medially, posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 7 A); laterotegite VIII sub-basally with spiracle (Fig. 7 C), moderately curved, tapered towards apex (Fig. 5 C); sternum VIII approximately 1.5 times as long as mediotergite VIII, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin strongly protruding medially (Fig. 7 B); pygophore large and oval, slightly shorter than double maximum length of sternite VIII, posterodorsally (near anterior to parameres) with ridges and process (preparameral process; pp) (Fig. 7 A); preparameral process weakly protruding; laterotegite IX forming a right angle in dorsal view, inwardly notched near apex, L-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 7 A, D – F); parameres (lp, rp) symmetrical, left equal in size to right, basal process bulbous with a long and curved projection and a few smaller projections, anterior process slender and tapering with a little curved tip (Fig. 7 G, H).</p><p>Female (Figs 1 K, 1 L, 4 G – I, 7 I, 7 J). Macropterous. Similar to male in colouration, surface and vestiture, slightly larger than male (1.50–1.75 mm), rather ovoid; foretarsi almost same width as male; tarsal formula 2-2 - 2 (Fig. 4 G – I); forewing usually surpassing apex of abdomen; abdomen superficially symmetrical. Genitalia: anterior part of first valvula with various-sized teeth, the apical first tooth the largest amongst the others, second tooth not developed, third to fifth teeth medium-sized and the remaining teeth not pointed and demonstrating a gradual decrease in size (Fig. 7 I); spermatheca kidney-shaped, slightly narrowed posteriad, and stretching into thin ductus, with apical pump (Fig. 7 J).</p><p>Measurements (♂ n = 8 / ♀ n = 13, holotype in parentheses). Body length 1.43–1.53 (1.53) / 1.50–1.75; head width across eyes 0.33–0.35 (0.35) / 0.35–0.38; interocular distance 0.19–0.23 (0.22) / 0.23–0.25; length of antennal segments I – 0.05–0.06 (0.05) / 0.05–0.07, II – 0.15–0.17 (0.16) / 0.16–0.18, III – 0.30–0.34 (0.32) / 0.31–0.35, and IV – 0.31–0.35 (0.31) / 0.31–0.36; length of labial segments II – 0.05–0.06 (0.06) / 0.05–0.08, III – 0.24–0.27 (0.27) / 0.29–0.33, and IV – 0.24–0.25 (0.25) / 0.25–0.29; medial length of pronotum 0.22–0.23 (0.23) / 0.23–0.27; width of pronotum 0.49–0.54 (0.51) / 0.53–0.59; length of forewing 1.03–1.18 (1.13) / 1.13–1.33; length of hind tibiae 0.52–0.56 (0.54) / 0.56–0.61.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Latin, tres (three) and maculatus (spotted, marked) referring to the three whitish markings on the forewing of this new species; an adjective.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Amami-Ôshima Is., Kakeroma-jima Is., Okinoerabu-jima Is., Ishigaki-jima Is., Iriomote-jima Is., Yonaguni-jima Is.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6308FC3EF89E571FB7A7120AD5DAFB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamada, Kazutaka	Yamada, Kazutaka (2026): Japanese species of the minute litter bug genus Ceratocombus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ceratocombidae), with descriptions of three new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 153-170, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.170965
2A3E4D72ED325EC2BAFD8BB4B23C18C8.text	2A3E4D72ED325EC2BAFD8BB4B23C18C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratocombus Signoret 1852	<div><p>Ceratocombus Signoret, 1852</p><p>Ceratocombus Signoret, 1852: 542 . Type species by monotypy: Astemma mulsanti Signoret, 1852 (= Anthocoris? coleoptrata Zetterstedt, 1819).</p><p>Lichenobia Baerensprung, 1857: 165 (synonymised by Dohrn (1858: 229)). Type species by monotypy: Lichenobia ferruginea Baerensprung, 1857 (= Anthocoris? coleoptrata Zetterstedt, 1819).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Recognised among Ceratocombidae and all genera of Dipsocoromorpha by the following combination of characteristics: Head, pronotum, and legs pilosity with some distinct long setae; head generally porrect; pronotum not strikingly transverse; forewing with at least three large cells (sometimes with additional small cells); male pregenital abdominal segments III – VII symmetrical; male mediotergite VIII symmetrical; male laterotergite VIII always separate and appendage-like; pygophore symmetrical, without dorsal bridge; parameres symmetrical; and female ovipositor developed. Previous studies have provided generic diagnoses (e. g. Štys (1982, 1983); Heiss and Péricart (2007)).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ceratocombus is the most speciose genus of Ceratocombidae and currently contains approximately 30 extant species from all zoogeographical regions and one fossil species from the Miocene amber of Chiapas, Mexico (Wygodzinsky 1959). Of the extant species, seven are known from the Neotropical, 11 from the Palaearctic, six from the Ethiopian, two from the Oriental and three from the Australian Regions.</p><p>This genus currently includes three subgenera: Ceratocombus s. str. (cosmopolitan), Xylonannus Reuter, 1891 (cosmopolitan), and Tagalonnanus Poppius, 1915 (Philippines). Although previous studies have indicated that the first two subgenera can be characterised by the presence of an ocular seta, pilosity of the lateral margin of the pronotum, tarsal formula and forewing venation (e. g. McAtee and Malloch (1925); Štys (1958, 1977, 1982); Kerzhner (1974); Heiss and Péricart (2007)), the definition of subgenera, including Tagalonnanus, has been discussed insufficiently and, therefore, would require subgeneric re-definition, based on world species in the genus Ceratocombus . It goes beyond the focus of the current study and should be addressed in future studies.</p><p>Key to the Japanese species of Ceratocombus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A3E4D72ED325EC2BAFD8BB4B23C18C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamada, Kazutaka	Yamada, Kazutaka (2026): Japanese species of the minute litter bug genus Ceratocombus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ceratocombidae), with descriptions of three new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 73 (1): 153-170, DOI: 10.3897/dez.73.170965
