identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7956F80545DA529F98D3BC6888D29BFF.text	7956F80545DA529F98D3BC6888D29BFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan anatolion Main 1983	<div><p>4.3. Kwonkan anatolion Main, 1983</p><p>Figures 3 A, 8</p><p>Kwonkan anatolion Main, 1983: 929, figs 5, 10, 23.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: South Australia. • ♀; 37 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.61667/lat -31.933332)">Penong</a>; 31°56'S 132°37'E; 07 Dec. 1965; B. Y. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15237 [WAM 82/1361]) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan anatolion occurs near K. elatus sp. nov. and K. turriger on the eastern (South Australian) side of the Nullarbor Plain (Fig. 3 A). — Females of K. anatolion can be distinguished from those of K. elatus sp. nov. and K. turriger by the combined presence of spines on at least some of their leg tarsi (tarsal spines absent in K. elatus sp. nov. and K. turriger), and the presence of elongate, curving medial spermathecal receptacles (medial receptacles short and straight in K. elatus sp. nov. and K. turriger) (Fig. 8 I – L; cf. Figs 13 I – L, 20 I – L). — Males of K. anatolion are unknown.</p><p>Description holotype female (WAM T 15237).</p><p>General: Body length 17.95; in moderate condition, abdomen separated from prosoma (Fig. 8 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 6.2; width 5.17; length / width 1.2; carapace red-brown; glabrous; fovea procurved, with a medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.18 (Fig. 8 A, F). Chelicerae dark red-brown; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 8 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.16; eye tubercle present (Fig. 8 E). — Abdomen: Length 7.69; pale laterally and ventrally, brown chevrons dorsally (Fig. 8 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 8 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 110 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 70 % of maxillae length (Fig. 8 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.04; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 8 H). Posterior sigilla elongate; length / sternum length 0.19 (Fig. 8 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 8 H). — Leg I: Light orange; femur length 5.47; patella length 3.56; tibia length 3.71; metatarsus length 3.60; tarsus length 2.12; total length 18.46; leg I length / carapace length 2.98 (Fig. 8 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 8 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 2; Ti PL 3; Ti RL 4; Me PL 4; Me RL 4; Ta 2 (Fig. 8 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 2.98 (Fig. 8 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 9; Ti 6; Me 13; Ta 4 (Fig. 8 I). — Genitalia: Epigastric furrow gently curving, without modification (Fig. 8 D, L). Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 8 L). Lateral vesicles slightly sinuous; angled medially; with distinct rounded crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.44; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.35; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.17; lateral vesicle length / width at base 2.11 (Fig. 8 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from base of lateral vesicle; relatively elongate and curving; crown distinct, rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.17; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.49 (Fig. 8 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan anatolion is known from one location to the east of the Nullarbor Plain, in the Eyre York Block bioregion of South Australia, near the town of Penong, and less than 1 km from the coast (Fig. 3 A). Observation 263553025 (https://inaturalist.ala.org.au/observations/263553025) on iNaturalist, from about 35 km further west, closely resembles this species and is probably conspecific (but this specimen has not been examined by the authors). Nothing is currently known about the natural history of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7956F80545DA529F98D3BC6888D29BFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
C27BAA0943A155088AC15BA1DA70AA06.text	C27BAA0943A155088AC15BA1DA70AA06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan currycomboides (Main 1986)	<div><p>4.4. Kwonkan currycomboides (Main, 1986)</p><p>Figures 2, 3 A, 9, 10</p><p>Yilgarnia currycomboides Main, 1986: 397, figs 1, 2.</p><p>Kwonkan currycomboides (Main): Harvey et al. 2018, 440, fig. 14 a – g (transferred from Yilgarnia).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.15/lat -32.883335)">Peak Charles</a>; 32°53'S 121°09'E; 17 May 1956; A. R. Main leg. (WAM T 17119 [WAM 85/449]) . — Allotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♂; same data as holotype (WAM T 17120 [WAM 85/450]) . — Other material examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♂; Backmans Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.24083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.484722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.24083/lat -33.484722)">near Burdett Road junction SE. of Mt Burdett, site ES 9</a>; 33°29'05"S 122°14'27"E; 15 Oct. 1999 – 01 Nov. 2000; P. Van Heurck et al., CALM Survey leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 147129) • 2 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 147134) • 1 ♂; Grass Patch, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.76667/lat -33.233334)">Sieda’</a>; 33°14'S 121°46'E; 15 Feb 2005; A. F. Longbottom leg.; in house after stormy night (WAM T 88514) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.14056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.458336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.14056/lat -33.458336)">near Burdett Road-Wittenoom Road junction, SE. of Mt Burdett</a>; 33°27'30"S 122°08'26"E; 15 Sep. 1998 – 01 Nov. 2000; P. Van Heurck et al., CALM Survey leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 172489) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 172490) • 1 ♂; Norwoods Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.12139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.44139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.12139/lat -33.44139)">Wittenoom Hills Nature Reserve, site ES 7</a>; 33°26'29"S 122°07'17"E; 15 Oct. 1999 – 01 Nov. 2000; P. Van Heurck et al., CALM Survey leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 147503) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan currycomboides occurs near K. silvestris and K. turriger (Fig. 3 A) in the south-eastern agricultural zone of SWWA. — Both sexes can be distinguished from both of these species by the presence of spine patches on ventral coxae III and IV (spine patches absent in K. silvestris and K. turriger) (Figs 9 C, 10 C; cf. Figs 18 C, 19 C, 20 C).</p><p>Description allotype male (WAM T 17120).</p><p>General: Body length 16.26; in good condition (Fig. 9 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 5.88; width 5.46; length / width 1.08; carapace orange; glabrous, light covering of reflective setae; fovea straight; fovea width / carapace length 0.15 (Fig. 9 A, F). Chelicerae red-brown; rastellum of short, strong setae, on a slight mound (Fig. 9 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.05; eye tubercle present (Fig. 9 E). — Abdomen: Length 7.84; pale laterally and ventrally, dark brown dorsally with mottled bands (Fig. 9 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 9 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 150 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 60 % of maxillae length (Fig. 9 C, G). Coxae III and IV with extensive patches of thorn-like setae on ventral faces (Fig. 9 C). Sternum length / width 1.2; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 9 H). Posterior sigilla elongate; length / sternum length 0.19 (Fig. 9 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 9 H). — Leg I: Orange, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 5.92; patella length 3.27; tibia length 4.48; metatarsus length 4.87; tarsus length 2.83; total length 21.36; leg I length / carapace length 3.63 (Fig. 9 N – Q). Scopulae light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 9 N, O). Spine count Fe D 5; Fe PL 2 (both missing); Pa PL 2; Ti PL 1; Ti RL 2 (proximal missing); Me PL 0; Me RL 0; Ta 0 (Fig. 9 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 4.28; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine (broken); spur subdigitiform; megaspine on spur angled at 25 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.62; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.57 (Fig. 9 N – P). Metatarsus I slightly sinuous; proximal excavation concave, distal pad with slight, rounded heel; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.35; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 6.06 (Fig. 9 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 3; Ti 9; Me 12; Ta 0 (Fig. 9 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 2.58; width 0.98; length / width [PTL / PTD] 2.64; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 10 long, curving spines; positioned about 55 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 9 J, K). Femur with 1 distal spine (missing) (Fig. 9 J). Patella prolateral face with row of 2 dorsal and one lateral spine (Fig. 9 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 9 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.42 (Fig. 9 J – M). Bulb length / width 1.08 (Fig. 9 L, M). Embolus tapering gradually from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 136 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.38; embolus length / bulb length 1.21 (Fig. 9 L, M).</p><p>Description holotype female (WAM T 17119).</p><p>General: Body length 16.73; in moderate condition, abdomen separated from prosoma, genital plate (and spermathecae) missing (Fig. 10 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 6.71; width 5.26; length / width 1.28; carapace orange; glabrous, with a very light covering of reflective setae; fovea procurved; fovea width / carapace length 0.16 (Fig. 10 A, F). Chelicerae red-brown; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 10 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 1.9; eye tubercle present (Fig. 10 E). — Abdomen: Length 7.72; light brown laterally and ventrally, grey-brown dorsally with mottled bands (Fig. 10 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 10 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 150 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 80 % of maxillae length (Fig. 10 C, G). Coxae III and IV with extensive patches of thorn-like setae on ventral faces (Fig. 10 C). Sternum length / width 1.10; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 10 H). Posterior sigilla elongate; length / sternum length 0.21 (Fig. 10 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 10 H). — Leg I: Light orange; femur length 4.73; patella length 3.01; tibia length 3.41; metatarsus length 2.97; tarsus length 1.82; total length 15.94; leg I length / carapace length 2.37 (Fig. 10 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 10 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 3; Ti PL 3; Ti RL 4; Me PL 2; Me RL 3; Ta 0 (Fig. 10 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 3.20 (Fig. 10 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 0; Pa 3; Ti 7; Me 12; Ta 0 (Fig. 10 I). — Genitalia (from Main 1986): Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 10 L). Lateral vesicles relatively straight; with indistinct rounded crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.27; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.35; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.31; lateral vesicle length / width at base 1.14 (Fig. 10 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from base of lateral vesicle; small and rounded; crown distinct, rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.14; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.39 (Fig. 10 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan currycomboides is known from several locations in the Mallee bioregion, north of the town of Esperance, extending from around Mount Burdett in the south to the type locality at Peak Charles in the north. — Nothing is currently known about the natural history of this species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Males of this species appear to mature and disperse to search for females in the warmer months from September to May. Some specimens here associated with K. currycomboides were previously known by the WAM code ‘ MYG 458 ’. The genital plate of this species was not found in the vial with the specimen, and could not be located. Because of this we have adapted Main’s (1986) illustration of the cleared spermathecae in Fig. 10.</p><p>COI barcode sequence (WAM T 88514).</p><p>AACTTTATATTTAATGTTTGGGGTGTGATCTTCTATAGTGGGAACCGCTCTGAGAGTTATTATGCGGGTAGAGCTGGGTCGGGTAGGAAGAATGATGGGTGATGATCACTTGTATAATGTTGTGGTTACAGCACATGCTTTAGTTATGATTTTTTTTATGGTTATGCCTATAATAATTGGGGGGTTTGGGAATTGATTGGTTCCTTTGATATTAGGGGTGCCGGATATGGCTTTTCCTCGAATGAATAATTTGAGTTTTTGGTTATTGCCTCCTTCTTTATTTTTATTACTTGTGTCTTCTCTGACGAATGTGGGTGTTGGGGCTGGGTGGACTATTTATCCCCCCCTGTCTTCGGTTGTTGGTCATAGAGGAGGTGGGGTAGATCTTGTAATTTTTTCTTTGCATTTGGCTGGGGCTTCTTCAATTATGGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACTATTTTAAATATGCGTGTTGAGGGCATGACTATGGAGCGGGTCCCGTTATTTGTTTGGTCTGTTTTAATTACTGCTTTCTTGCTTTTGTTGTCTCTCCCTGTTTTGGCGGGTGCTATTACTATGTTGCTTACTGACCGTAATTTTAATACGTCGTTTTTTGACCCTGCTGGGGGGGGGGATCCTATTTTGTTTCAACATTTGTTT.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C27BAA0943A155088AC15BA1DA70AA06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
3E6BB0D00C5B551A98B25AADC2904FC2.text	3E6BB0D00C5B551A98B25AADC2904FC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan eboracum Main 1983	<div><p>4.5. Kwonkan eboracum Main, 1983</p><p>Figures 1 A, 1 D, 2, 3, 11, 12</p><p>Kwonkan eboracum Main, 1983: 929, figs 1, 11, 24 (in part, female holotype WAM 82/1358 [WAM T 15234]).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♀; Eboracum, 22 km NE. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.547775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.500834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.547775/lat -31.500834)">Tammin</a>; 31°30'03"S 117°32'52"E; 28 Aug. 1956; B. Y. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15234 [BYM 56/470]) . — Other material examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.549164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.500834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.549164/lat -31.500834)">“ Eboracum ” site on York Road</a>, 17 km NNE. of Tammin; 31°30'03"S 117°32'57"E; 29 Nov. 1999 – 16 Mar. 2000; M. S. Harvey, J. M. Waldock and B. Y. Main leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 140657) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 140658) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.001389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.23333/lat -31.001389)">Cookinbin Nature Reserve, site MN 8</a>; 31°00'05"S 118°14'00"E; 30 Oct. – 15 Dec. 1998; P. Van Heurck, CALM Survey leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 147318) • 1 juv.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.63194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.578611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.63194/lat -31.578611)">10 km NW. of Kellerberrin, intersection of Tremlett &amp; Hanlon Roads</a>; 31°34'43”S 117°37'55”E; 15 Dec. 2025; J. D. Wilson &amp; V. Cruz Bedón, excavated (WAM T 173467) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.06306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.760555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.06306/lat -31.760555)">Leda Nature Reserve on Bruce Rock-Doodlakine Road, site KL 5</a>; 31°45'38"S 118°03'47"E; 30 Oct. 1997 – 22 May 1998; P. Van Heurck and N. A. Guthrie, CALM Survey leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 147830) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan eboracum occurs near K. linnaei, K. yorkrakine sp. nov., and K. wonganensis in the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion (Fig. 3 B). — Both sexes can be distinguished from K. linnaei by the absence of spine patches on coxae III and IV (spine patches present in K. linnaei) (Figs 11 C, 12 C; cf. Fig. 16 C). — Males of K. eboracum can be distinguished from those of K. wonganensis and K. yorkrakine sp. nov. by the presence of a more prominent angular heel on metatarsus I (heel weaker in K. wonganensis and K. yorkrakine sp. nov.) (Fig. 11 Q; cf. Figs 6 Q, 21 Q). — Females of K. eboracum can be distinguished from those of K. wonganensis by their spermathecae, which have lateral receptacles with wider, more triangular bases, and medial receptacles arising about halfway along the length of the lateral receptacles (lateral receptacles less triangular and medial vesicles arising closer to the base of the lateral receptacles in K. wonganensis) (Fig. 12 L; cf. Fig. 7 L). Females of K. eboracum cannot be distinguished from K. yorkrakine sp. nov. because females of the latter are unknown.</p><p>Description male (WAM T 140658).</p><p>General: Body length 17.74; in moderate condition, ventral prosoma collapsed and deformed (Fig. 11 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 7.48; width 6.43; length / width 1.16; carapace dark orange-brown; glabrous, light covering of reflective setae; fovea straight; fovea width / carapace length 0.13 (Fig. 11 A, F). Chelicerae dark orange-brown; rastellum of short, strong setae, on a slight mound (Fig. 11 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.01; eye tubercle present (Fig. 11 E). — Abdomen: Length 8.15; pale with feint dark chevrons dorsally (Fig. 11 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 11 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 70 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 40 % of maxillae length (Fig. 11 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.09; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 11 H). Posterior sigilla ovoid; length / sternum length 0.11 (Fig. 11 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 11 H). — Leg I: Orange, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 7.18; patella length 3.94; tibia length 5.23; metatarsus length 6.04; tarsus length 3.24; total length 25.62; leg I length / carapace length 3.42 (Fig. 11 N – Q). Scopulae light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 11 N, O). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 3 (proximal missing); Pa PL 2 (distal missing); Ti PL 1; Ti RL 0; Me PL 0; Me RL 0; Ta 0 (Fig. 11 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 3.61; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine (broken); spur digitiform, with slight medial bend; megaspine on spur angled at 30 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.69; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.63 (Fig. 11 N – P). Metatarsus I slightly sinuous; proximal excavation concave, distal pad with distinct, broad but sharp heel; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.36; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 5.86 (Fig. 11 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 2; Pa 5; Ti 7; Me 14; Ta 4 (Fig. 11 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 3.05; width 1.14; length / width [PTL / PTD] 2.66; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 15 long spines; positioned about 55 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 11 J, K). Femur with 1 distal spine (Fig. 11 J). Patella prolateral face with row of 2 distal spines (Fig. 11 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 11 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.44 (Fig. 11 J – M). Bulb length / width 0.95 (Fig. 11 L, M). Embolus tapering gradually from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 150 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.48; embolus length / bulb length 1.59 (Fig. 11 L, M).</p><p>Holotype female (WAM T 15234).</p><p>General: Body length 18.55; in good condition (Fig. 12 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 7.14; width 5.93; length / width 1.2; carapace light orange; glabrous; fovea procurved; fovea width / carapace length 0.17 (Fig. 12 A, F). Chelicerae red-brown; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 12 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 1.9; eye tubercle present (Fig. 12 E). — Abdomen: Length 7.82; pale laterally and ventrally, brown chevrons dorsally (Fig. 12 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium with one spinule (Fig. 12 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 150 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 70 % of maxillae length (Fig. 12 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.04; central sternum with covering of mixed short and long hair-like setae (Fig. 12 H). Posterior sigilla elongate; length / sternum length 0.18 (Fig. 12 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 12 H). — Leg I: Pale; femur length 4.68; patella length 3.08; tibia length 3.25; metatarsus length 3.02; tarsus length 2.02; total length 16.05; leg I length / carapace length 2.25 (Fig. 12 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 12 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 3; Ti PL 6; Ti RL 2; Me PL 4; Me RL 5; Ta 2 (Fig. 12 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 2.93 (Fig. 12 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 2; Pa 7; Ti 6; Me 11; Ta 9 (Fig. 12 I). — Genitalia: Epigastric furrow gently curving, without modification (Fig. 12 L). Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 12 L). Lateral vesicles relatively straight; with distinct, wide and flattened crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.45; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.34; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.4; lateral vesicle length / width at base 0.83 (Fig. 12 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from midpoint of lateral vesicle; small and rounded; crown distinct, rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.08; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.25 (Fig. 12 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Identification of the correct male morphology of this species (see below) has led to new information on its distribution. It is now known to occur in the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion, between Bruce Rock in the south, Tammin in the west, and Cookinbin Nature Reserve in the north-east. Main (1983, p. 930) stated that the holotype female was found “ by scraping litter on deep yellow sand in heath-shrubland known locally as wodjil ”. A juvenile attributed to K. eboracum (WAM T 173467) was collected from a burrow with a collapsible silken collar in whitish-yellow sand (Fig. 1 D).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>After a thorough examination of wheatbelt Kwonkan specimens housed in the Western Australian Museum, and consideration of morphology and collecting locality, we believe that the male allotype previously associated with K. eboracum (WAM T 15235 [WAM 82/1359], now the holotype of K. yorkrakine sp. nov.) was linked with this species in error. We have identified the correct males of this species, which were collected from the type locality. Males of this species appear to mature and disperse to search for females in the warmer months from October to May. The males here associated with K. eboracum were previously known by the WAM code ‘ MYG 954 ’. Specimen WAM T 148881, from Lake Cronin, was identified as this species by Main (1983), but was examined by us and identified as representing a distinct, undescribed species (not described here).</p><p>COI barcode sequence (WAM T 173467).</p><p>AACTTTGTATTTGATGTTTGGGGTGTGGTCTGCTATGGTGGGTACAGCTATGAGAGTGATTATTCGGATAGAGTTGGGGCAGGTGGGAAGATTGTTGGGTGATGACCATCTATATAATGTTATGGTGACGGCTCATGCTTTAGTTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTGATGCCTATTATGATTGGGGGTTTTGGGAATTGGTTGGTTCCTTTAATGTTAGGAGTTCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGGATGAATAATTTGAGTTTTTGATTGTTGCCGCCTTCTTTGTTTTTGTTAGTTTTGTCATCTTTGACTGATGTGGGGGTGGGGGCTGGGTGAACTGTTTATCCTCCTTTGTCTTCTGTTGTAGGTCATAGAGGTGGGGGGATGGATTTTGCAATTTTTTCTTTGCATTTGGCTGGGGCTTCTTCTGTTATAGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACTATTTTAAATATGCGGGTTACTGGGATGACTTTGGAACGTATCCCTTTGTTTGTTTGGTCTGTCTTAATTACTGCTGTATTGTTGTTGTTGTCTTTGCCAGTTTTGGCTGGTGCTGTAACTATGTTATTAACAGATCGAAATTTTAATACATCGTTTTTTGACCCTGCGGGAGGGGGTGATCCAATTTTGTTTCAACATTTATTT.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E6BB0D00C5B551A98B25AADC2904FC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
36D9784A7E595A9EBB3429B000858799.text	36D9784A7E595A9EBB3429B000858799.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan elatus Wilson & Urso & Rix & Volschenk & Bedón & Harvey 2026	<div><p>4.6. Kwonkan elatus sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 2, 3 A, 13</p><p>Aname turrigera Main, 1994: 65, fig. 1 a – k (in part: specimens listed in material examined below).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: South Australia. • ♀; 18 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.56667/lat -33.566666)">Lock</a>; 33°34'S 135°34'E; 08 May 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow [ K. turriger paratype, apparently collected with brood, but these are not present in vial] (WAM T 155754 [BYM 86/29]) . — Paratype: AUSTRALIA: South Australia. • 1 ♀; 18 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.56667/lat -33.566666)">Lock</a>; 33°34'S 135°34'E; 18 May 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow [ K. turriger paratype] (WAM T 155758 [BYM 86/102]) . — Other material examined: AUSTRALIA: South Australia. • 1 juvenile; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.59833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.59833/lat -32.05)">12 km NW. of Ceduna, Eyre Highway</a>; 32°03'00"S 133°35'54"E; 20 m; 31 Aug. 2014; M. S. Harvey and S. E. Harrison leg.; dug from aerial tube in Triodia (WAM T 134209) • 1 juvenile; 18 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.56667/lat -33.566666)">Lock</a>; 33°34'S 135°34'E; 18 May 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow [ K. turriger paratype] (WAM T 155755 [BYM 86/98]) • 1 juvenile; 18 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.56667/lat -33.566666)">Lock</a>; 33°34'S 135°34'E; 18 May 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow [ K. turriger paratype] (WAM T 155756 [BYM 86/99]) • 1 juvenile; 18 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.56667/lat -33.566666)">Lock</a>; 33°34'S 135°34'E; 18 May 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow [ K. turriger paratype] (WAM T 155757 [BYM 86/101]) • 1 juvenile; 20 km S. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.7/lat -33.733334)">Lock</a>; 33°44'S 135°42'E; 26 Nov. 1987; B. Y. Main leg.; dug from aerial tube in Triodia (WAM T 155764) • 1 ♀; 29.6 km N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.15/lat -32.583332)">Minnipa</a>; 32°35'S 135°09'E; 16 May 1981; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow [ K. turriger paratype] (WAM T 155759 [BYM 81/4]) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan elatus sp. nov. occurs near K. anatolion and K. turriger on the eastern (South Australian) side of the Nullarbor Plain (Fig. 3 A). — Females of K. elatus sp. nov. can be diagnosed from those of K. anatolion by the absence of spines on their leg tarsi (tarsal spines present on at least some legs of K. anatolion) and the presence of short, straight medial spermathecal receptacles (medial receptacles longer and curving in K. anatolion) (Fig. 13 I, L; cf. Fig. 8 I, L). They can be distinguished from K. turriger by the presence of longer lateral spermathecal receptacles (Fig. 13 L; cf. Fig. 20 L). — Males of all three species are unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ elatus’ is a Latin adjective meaning ‘ elevated, lofty, exalted’. It alludes to the burrow entrances of this species, which project from the substrate, often extending into low foliage and grasses, especially spinifex (similar to Fig. 1 D, E). The same burrow type is constructed by its sister species K. turriger .</p><p>Description holotype female (WAM T 155754).</p><p>General: Body length 12.43; in good condition, abdomen slightly deformed (Fig. 13 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 4.17; width 3.22; length / width 1.3; carapace light orange; glabrous; fovea procurved, with a feint medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.14 (Fig. 13 A, F). Chelicerae orange; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 13 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.19; eye tubercle present (Fig. 13 E). — Abdomen: Length 5.63; white laterally and ventrally, with dark brown, thin chevrons dorsally (Fig. 13 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 13 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 40 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 20 % of maxillae length (Fig. 13 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.07; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 13 H). Posterior sigilla ovoid; length / sternum length 0.08 (Fig. 13 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 13 H). — Leg I: Pale orange; femur length 2.97; patella length 1.8; tibia length 1.92; metatarsus length 1.61; tarsus length 1.18; total length 9.48; leg I length / carapace length 2.28 (Fig. 13 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 13 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 2; Ti PL 2; Ti RL 4; Me PL 3; Me RL 3; Ta 0 (Fig. 13 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 2.94 (Fig. 13 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 0; Pa 2; Ti 3; Me 5; Ta 0 (Fig. 13 I). — Genitalia: Epigastric furrow gently curving, without modification (Fig. 13 D, L). Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 13 L). Lateral vesicles relatively straight; angled medially; with distinct, rounded crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.21; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.29; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.14; lateral vesicle length / width at base 2.04 (Fig. 13 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from base of lateral vesicle; small and rounded; crown distinct, rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.09; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.32 (Fig. 13 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan elatus sp. nov. occurs on the Eyre Peninsula, in the Eyre York Block bioregion (Fig. 3 A). The type locality and main population occur south-west of Lock, in the central northern Eyre Peninsula, and other specimens tentatively ascribed to the species occur as far west as Ceduna. The burrows of K. elatus sp. nov. and its sister species K. turriger extend above the substrate as a soil and silken turret, which may be free-standing, or project into low foliage (typically spinifex or chenopod shrubs) (similar to Fig. 1 G, H). More detailed information on the burrow structure and life history of K. turriger sensu lato (as then circumscribed, and now comprising both K. elatus sp. nov. and K. turriger), is provided in Main (1994).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Kwonkan elatus sp. nov. was previously known by the WAM code ‘ MYG 1030 ’. Specimens of K. elatus sp. nov. were previously assigned to K. turriger, but are here recognised as a distinct species based on both morphological and molecular data. Other specimens that probably represent this species, but have not been examined, include South Australian Museum (SAM) female specimen N 1994396 [BYM 86/60] from 18 km W. of Lock. Female specimen WAM T 155761 [BYM 86/67] from Ardrossan was tentatively assigned to this species by Main (1994). We examined it as part of this study and it appears to represent another distinct species in the turriger - group, but further investigation (and potentially molecular work) is required to confirm this.</p><p>COI barcode sequence (WAM T 134209).</p><p>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGAGTGTGATCTGCTATGGTTGGAACTGCTATGAGAGTTGTTGTACGTACGGAATTGGGTCAGGTTGGGAGATTGTTAGGTGATGATCATTTGTATAATGTGATAGTGACGGCGCATGCTTTAGTGATGATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATGATTGGGGGGTTTGGTAATTGGTTAGTTCCTTTAATGTTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCATTTCCTCGTATAAATAATTTAAGATTTTGGTTGTTGCCTCCTTCCTTGTTTATGTTAGTGTTATCATCTTTGGCAGATGTTGGGGTGGGGGCTGGGTGAACAATTTATCCTCCTTTGTCCTCAGGTGTTGGACATGGGGGAATAGGGATAGATTTTGTTGTTTTTTCTTTGCATTTAGCTGGGGTTTCTTCTATTATAGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACTATTGTTAATATGCGTATGGTAGGGATGACTATAGAGCGGGTTCCTCTTTTTGTATGATCTGTTTTAATTACTGCTGTGTTGCTTTTATTATCTTTACCGGTTTTGGCGGGTGCTATTACAATATTATTGACTGATCGGAATTTTAATACTTCATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGGGGGGGAGACCCTATTTTATTTCAACATTTATTT.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36D9784A7E595A9EBB3429B000858799	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
1E49D9DBB6DB53EAB5E54A8D0AEE73AA.text	1E49D9DBB6DB53EAB5E54A8D0AEE73AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan goongarriensis Main 1983	<div><p>4.7. Kwonkan goongarriensis Main, 1983</p><p>Figures 3 A, 14, 15</p><p>Kwonkan goongarriensis Main, 1983: 926, figs 6–8, 12, 14–22, 25, 28–30, 34, 38, 42.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.03333/lat -29.983334)">Goongarrie</a>; 29°59'S 121°02'E; 15 Jul. 1981 – 21 Jul. 1981; W. F. Humphries, B. Y. Main, et al. leg.; pitfall trap; Casuarina woodland (WAM T 15228 [WAM 82/1352]) . — Allotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.3/lat -29.466667)">37 km NE. of Menzies, between Menzies and Kookynie</a>; 29°28'S 121°18'E; 20 May 1956; A. R. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15229 [WAM 82/1353]) . — Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♀; 17.7 km N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.46667/lat -29.183332)">Kookynie</a>; 29°11'S 121°28'E; 01 Sep. 1954; B. Y. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15230 [WAM 82/1354]) • 1 juvenile; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.03333/lat -29.983334)">Goongarrie</a>; 29°59'S 121°02'E; 15 Jul. 1981 – 21 Jul. 1981; B. Y. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15231 [WAM 82/1355]) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan goongarriensis does not occur near any other described species in the southern Murchison bioregion, however the closest species geographically are K. moriartii Main, 1983 to the north, K. silvestris to the south, and K. turriger to the south-east (Fig. 3 A). — Males of K. goongarriensis can be distinguished from those of K. moriartii and K. silvestris by the presence of a relatively short, gradually curving embolus (embolus longer relative to the bulb in K. silvestris, and straighter with a distal bend in K. moriartii) (Fig. 14 L; cf. Figs 17 L, 18 L). Males of K. goongarriensis cannot be distinguished from those of K. turriger because males of the latter are unknown. — Females of K. goongarriensis can be distinguished from those of K. silvestris by the presence of lateral spermathecal vesicles with rounded crowns (crowns flattened in K. silvestris) (Fig. 15 L; cf. Fig. 19 L). They can be distinguished from those of K. turriger by the presence of spines on at least some of their tarsi (tarsal spines absent in K. turriger) (Fig. 15 L; cf. Fig. 20 L).</p><p>Description holotype male (WAM T 15228).</p><p>General: Body length 10.07; in good condition (Fig. 14 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 4.51; width 3.35; length / width 1.35; carapace yellow, caput darker than thorax; glabrous; fovea straight, with a medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.13 (Fig. 14 A, F). Chelicerae yellow-brown; rastellum of short, strong setae, not on a mound (Fig. 14 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.25; eye tubercle present (Fig. 14 E). — Abdomen: Length 4.76; pale laterally and ventrally, dark grey-brown chevrons dorsally (Fig. 14 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 14 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 40 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 40 % of maxillae length (Fig. 14 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.18; central sternum with covering of short length hair-like setae (Fig. 14 H). Posterior sigilla rounded; length / sternum length 0.08 (Fig. 14 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 14 H). — Leg I: Yellow, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 4.09; patella length 2.37; tibia length 3.07; metatarsus length 3.53; tarsus length 2.27; total length 15.33; leg I length / carapace length 3.4 (Fig. 14 N – Q). Scopulae light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 14 N, O). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 1; Ti PL 1; Ti RL 3; Me PL 0; Me RL 0; Ta 0 (Fig. 14 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 3.78; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine; spur subdigitiform; megaspine on spur angled at 30 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.7; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.41; megaspine length / tibia length 0.27 (Fig. 14 N – P). Metatarsus I straight; proximal excavation inconspicuous; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.36; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 7.3 (Fig. 14 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 9; Ti 9; Me 11; Ta 2 (Fig. 14 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 1.82; width 0.85; length / width [PTL / PTD] 2.14; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 5 short sines; positioned about 40 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 14 J, K). Femur with 0 (Fig. 14 J). Patella prolateral face with row of 1 (Fig. 14 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 14 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.53 (Fig. 14 J – M). Bulb length / width 1.14 (Fig. 14 L, M). Embolus demarcated from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 114 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.44; embolus length / bulb length 1.18 (Fig. 14 L, M).</p><p>Description allotype female (WAM T 15229).</p><p>General: Body length 18.00; in good condition, most setae rubbed off sternum (Fig. 15 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 6.12; width 5.47; length / width 1.12; carapace light orange; glabrous; fovea procurved; fovea width / carapace length 0.18 (Fig. 15 A, F). Chelicerae red-brown; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 15 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.24; eye tubercle present (Fig. 15 E). — Abdomen: Length 8.54; pale laterally and ventrally, brown chevrons dorsally (Fig. 15 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules several spinules (Fig. 15 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 130 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and extending laterally about 60 % of maxillae length, blending into spines laterally (Fig. 15 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.16; central sternum with setae rubbed off (Fig. 15 H). Posterior sigilla ovoid; length / sternum length 0.14 (Fig. 15 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 15 H). — Leg I: Pale; femur length 5.16; patella length 3.28; tibia length 3.28; metatarsus length 3.37; tarsus length 1.89; total length 16.98; leg I length / carapace length 2.77 (Fig. 15 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 15 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae (all rubbed off except proximal); Fe PL 2 (distal rubbed off); Pa PL 2; Ti PL 2; Ti RL 4; Me PL 4; Me RL 5; Ta 4 (Fig. 15 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 2.8 (Fig. 15 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 8; Ti 8; Me 11; Ta 8 (Fig. 15 I). — Genitalia: Epigastric furrow gently curving, without modification (Fig. 15 D, L). Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 15 L). Lateral vesicles relatively straight; angled medially; with distinct rounded crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.65; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.29; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.15; lateral vesicle length / width at base 1.91 (Fig. 15 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from base of lateral vesicle; small and rounded; crown distinct, rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.14; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.46 (Fig. 15 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan goongarriensis is known from three locations, in the southern part of the Murchison bioregion. The type locality represents the southernmost locality, with the most northerly location about 17 km north of Kookynie. Main (1983, 929) states that the species makes ‘ shallow, silk-lined tubes’ in heath, Casuarina woodland and shrubland.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The holotype is the only known male of this species, and was collected in July, suggesting males may mature and disperse to search for females in winter. Juvenile specimen WAM 169294 [BYM 54/382] was tentatively identified as this species by Main (1983) but after examination, we have identified it as representing a distinct undescribed species (not described here).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E49D9DBB6DB53EAB5E54A8D0AEE73AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
B7DCC86E33C65C139F65D2450CE52D0E.text	B7DCC86E33C65C139F65D2450CE52D0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan linnaei (Main 2008)	<div><p>4.8. Kwonkan linnaei (Main, 2008)</p><p>Figures 3, 16</p><p>Yilgarnia linnaei Main, 2008: 322, figs 1–9.</p><p>Kwonkan linnaei (Main): Harvey et al., 2018, 442 (tranferred from Yilgarnia).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♂; Durokoppin Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.73333/lat -31.416666)">Northwest Tip</a>; 31°25'S 117°44'E; 06–27 May 1987; B. Y. Main leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 89289 [BYM 87/83]) . — Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 5 ♂♂; same data as holotype (WAM T 155873 [BYM 87/73 -77]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 155874 [BYM 88/6]) • 5 ♂♂; same data except 20 Mar. – 03 May 1988 (WAM T 155876 [BYM 88/13 -17]) • 2 ♂♂; same data except 03 May – 25 Jun. 1988 (WAM T 155877 [BYM 88/25 -26]) • 1 ♂; same data except 13 Mar. – 03 May 1989 (WAM T 92128 [BYM 89/10]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 92129 [BYM 89/11]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 147365 [BYM 89/12]) • 8 ♂; same data (WAM T 155879 [BYM 89/13 -20]) • 4 ♂♂; same data except 17 Mar. – 03 May 1989 (WAM T 155878 [BYM 89/4 -7]) • 3 ♂♂; same data except 03 May – 03 Jun. 1989 (WAM T 155880 [BYM 89/26 -28]) • 8 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 155881 [BYM 89/32 -35]) • 2 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 155882 [BYM 89/45 -46]) • 2 ♂♂; same data except 20 Feb – 29 Apr. 1991 (WAM T 155883 [BYM 91/1 -2]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 92130 [BYM 91/19]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 92131 [BYM 91/20]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 92132 [BYM 91/21]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 92133 [BYM 91/27]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 92134 [BYM 91/28]) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 92135 [BYM 91/29]) • 5 ♂♂; same data except 29 Apr. – 02 Jul. 1991 (WAM T 155884 [BYM 91/22 -26]) • 5 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 155885 [BYM 91/30 -34]) • 2 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 155886 [BYM 91/37 -38]) • 1 ♂, 1 juvenile; same data (WAM T 155887 [BYM 91/40 -41]) . — Paratypes not examined (never formally accessioned at WAM): AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 2 ♂; same data as holotype (BYM 87/79) • 1 ♂; same data except 27 May – 23 June 1987 (BYM 87/86) • 1 ♂; same data (BYM 87/88) • 1 ♂; same data (BYM 87/89) • 1 ♂; same data except 23 June – 04 August 1987 (BYM 87/99) • 1 ♂; same data except 20 March – 03 May 1988 (BYM 88/5) • 1 ♂; same data except 03 May – 25 June 1988 (BYM 88/24) • 1 ♂; same data except 17 March – 02 May 1989 (BYM 89/3) • 1 ♂; same data (BYM 89/9) • 1 ♂; same data except 17 March – 03 May 1989 (BYM 89/36) • 1 ♂; same data except 03 May – 03 June 1989 (BYM 89/47) • 1 ♂; same data (BYM 89/48) • 1 ♂; same data except 03 June – 08 July 1989 (BYM 89/57) • 1 ♂; same data except 07 February – 29 April 1990 (BYM 90/53) • 1 ♂; same data (BYM 90/54) • 1 ♂; same data except 04 June – 19 July 1990 (BYM 90/56) • 1 ♂; same data (BYM 90/57) • 1 ♂; same data (BYM 90/67) • 1 ♂; same data except 29 April – 02 July 1991 (BYM 91/44) • 1 ♂; same data except 02 July – 30 July 1991 (BYM 91/45) . — Other material examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 2 ♂♂; same data as holotype except 20 Mar. – 03 May 1988 (WAM T 155875 [BYM 88/4]) • 2 ♂♂; same data except 13 Mar. 1992 – 23 Mar. 1992; G. Friend et al. leg. (WAM T 41521) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 41596) • 3 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 41523) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.75166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.410278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.75166/lat -31.410278)">Bencubbin-Kellerberrin Road, site KL 9</a>; 31°24'37"S 117°45'06"E; 22 May – 22 Sep. 1998; N. A. Guthrie, CALM Survey leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 147246) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.666664/lat -31.383333)">East Yorkrakine Nature Reserve, site EYR J 2</a>; 31°23'S 117°40'E; 19 May 1989 – 29 May 1989; G. Friend et al. leg.; pitfall trap (WAM T 41381) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 40709) • 3 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 41567) • 2 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 41597) • 2 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 41382) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 41598) • 2 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 44289) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 41599) • 2 ♂♂; same data (WAM T 41600) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan linnaei occurs near K. eboracum, K. yorkrakine sp. nov., and K. wonganensis in the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion (Fig. 3 B). — Both sexes can be distinguished from those species by the presence of spine patches on ventral coxae III and IV (spine patches absent in K. eboracum, K. wonganensis and K. yorkrakine sp. nov.).</p><p>Description holotype male (WAM T 89289).</p><p>General: Body length 7.41; in moderate condition, abdomen slightly damaged (Fig. 16 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 2.63; width 1.82; length / width 1.44; carapace yellow, caput darker than thorax; glabrous; fovea procurved, with a medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.09 (Fig. 16 A, F). Chelicerae yellow-brown; rastellum of short, strong setae, not on a mound (Fig. 16 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.2; eye tubercle present (Fig. 16 E). — Abdomen: Length 3.72; pale laterally and ventrally, dark grey-brown mottled chevrons dorsally (Fig. 16 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 16 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 40 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 35 % of maxillae length (Fig. 16 C, G). Coxae cuspules with extensive patches of thorn-like setae on coxae III and IV (Fig. 16 C). Sternum length / width 1.29; central sternum with covering of short length hair-like setae (Fig. 16 H). Posterior sigilla rounded, inconspicuous; length / sternum length 0.11 (Fig. 16 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 16 H). — Leg I: Pale yellow, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 2.25; patella length 1.24; tibia length 1.86; metatarsus length 1.66; tarsus length 0.97; total length 7.98; leg I length / carapace length 3.03 (Fig. 16 N – Q). Scopulae light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 16 N, O). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 1; Ti PL 1; Ti RL 2; Me PL 0; Me RL 0; Ta 0 (Fig. 16 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 4.34; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine; spur small, triangular; megaspine on spur angled at 19 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.62; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.22; megaspine length / tibia length 0.28 (Fig. 16 N – P). Metatarsus I slightly sinuous; proximal excavation inconspicuous, metatarsus broad and bowed; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.41; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 4.38 (Fig. 16 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 1; Pa 3; Ti 6; Me 10; Ta 0 (Fig. 16 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 1.01; width 0.53; length / width [PTL / PTD] 1.9; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 7 short spines; positioned about 40 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 16 J, K). Femur with 0 (Fig. 16 J). Patella prolateral face with row of 1 (Fig. 16 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 16 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.56 (Fig. 16 J – M). Bulb length / width 1.21 (Fig. 16 L, M). Embolus tapering gradually from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 140 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.49; embolus length / bulb length 0.94 (Fig. 16 L, M).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan linnaei is known from two populations, one in Durokoppin Nature Reserve in the south, and the other in East Yorkrakine Nature Reserve in the north, both in the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion, roughly 25 km due north of the town of Kellerberrin.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Males of this species appear to mature and disperse in autumn in search of females, with many specimens collected between March and June. Many of the paratypes designated by Main (2008) could not be located in the WAM collection, despite the donation of the B. Y. Main collection to the museum. These specimens were, presumably, never formally accessioned. However, all missing paratypes are from the type locality, and fortunately the holotype and an adequate selection of paratypes from this locality were available for examination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7DCC86E33C65C139F65D2450CE52D0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
2B734FE0588F5969AA90DC34D285BAFB.text	2B734FE0588F5969AA90DC34D285BAFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan Main 1983	<div><p>4.1. Genus Kwonkan Main, 1983</p><p>Kwonkan Main, 1983: 925 . Type species: Dekana wonganensis Main, 1977, by original designation.</p><p>Yilgarnia Main, 1986: 396 . Type species: Yilgarnia currycomboides Main, 1986, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Modified from Harvey et al. (2018) and Wilson et al. (2025 a). — Males of Kwonkan can be distinguished from all other genera of Anamidae by the combined presence of a field of spinules on the retrolateral face of the pedipalpal tibia (e. g. Figs 6 K, 9 K) (largely absent in other genera, but present in Swolnpes and some Aname) and a digitiform (not incrassate) tarsus I (e. g. Figs 6 N, 9 N) (incrassate or swollen in Swolnpes). — Both sexes can be further distinguished from other anamid genera by the presence of any (but not necessarily all) of the following characters: coxae III and / or IV with patches of spine-like setae on the posterior half of the ventral face (e. g. Figs 9 C, 10 C, 16 C) (restricted to the currycomboides - group of Kwonkan and absent in other genera); pro-dorsal patella III with a patch of more than three thorn-like spines (e. g. Figs 6 I, 7 I, 8 I) (present in most Kwonkan, absent in other anamid genera); and spines on the tarsi of at least one pair of legs – usually a posterior pair (e. g. Figs 6 I, 7 I, 8 I) (present in most Kwonkan, absent in other anamid genera). — All species described or redescribed here are attributed to Kwonkan using the characteristics above, supported by molecular data for K. currycomboides, K. elatus sp. nov., K. seductus, K. silvestris Main, 1983, K. turriger and K. wonganensis (Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B734FE0588F5969AA90DC34D285BAFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
1A524A7F163F5997B2D1EAC92298B350.text	1A524A7F163F5997B2D1EAC92298B350.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan moriartii Main 1983	<div><p>4.9. Kwonkan moriartii Main, 1983</p><p>Figures 3 A, 17</p><p>Kwonkan moriartii Main, 1983: 930, figs 31, 35, 39, 43, 45.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.65/lat -27.4)">Kathleen Valley Station, via Wiluna</a>; 27°24'S 120°39'E; 13 Jan 1962; T. Moriarty leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15236 [WAM 82/1360]) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan moriartii does not occur near any other described species in the central Murchison bioregion, however the closest species geographically is K. goongarriensis, to the south (Fig. 3 A). — Males of K. moriartii can be distinguished from K. goongarriensis by the presence of a thicker metatarsus I, with a more pronounced proximal excavation (metatarsus I thinner, straighter, and with a very subtle proximal excavation in K. goongarriensis) (Fig. 17 Q; cf. Fig. 14 Q), and further by the presence of a distinct distal bend in the embolus in prolateral view (embolus curving gradually in K. goongarriensis) (Fig. 17 L; cf. Fig. 14 L). — Females of K. moriartii are unknown.</p><p>Description.</p><p>holotype male (WAM T 15236). General: Body length 12.04; in poor condition, ventral prosoma and abdomen deformed, leg I broken (Fig. 17 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 4.66; width 3.68; length / width 1.27; carapace orange; glabrous; fovea slightly recurved, with a medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.12 (Fig. 17 A, F). Chelicerae orange; rastellum of short, strong setae, on a slight mound (Fig. 17 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2; eye tubercle present (Fig. 17 E). — Abdomen: Length 5.4; pale laterally and ventrally, grey-brown dorsally (Fig. 17 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 17 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 30 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 35 % of maxillae length (Fig. 17 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.28; central sternum with covering of short length hair-like setae (Fig. 17 H). Posterior sigilla ovoid, inconspicuous; length / sternum length 0.12 (Fig. 17 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 17 H). — Leg I: Orange-brown, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 4.56; patella length 2.68; tibia length 3.72; metatarsus length 3.23; tarsus length 1.95; total length 16.13; leg I length / carapace length 3.46 (Fig. 17 N – Q). Scopulae very light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 17 N, O). Spine count Fe D several spine-like setae; Fe PL 2 (proximal missing); Pa PL 1 (missing); Ti PL 1 (ventral); Ti RL 0; Me PL 0; Me RL 0; Ta 0 (Fig. 17 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 4.12; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine; spur subdigitiform; megaspine on spur angled at 23 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.75; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.44; megaspine length / tibia length 0.21 (Fig. 17 N – P). Metatarsus I slightly sinuous; proximal excavation concave, distal pad with slight, rounded heel; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.33; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 5.73 (Fig. 17 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 3; Ti 5; Me 5; Ta 2 (Fig. 17 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 1.99; width 1.00; length / width [PTL / PTD] 1.99; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 30 short spines; positioned about 50 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 17 J, K). Femur with 1 (Fig. 17 J). Patella prolateral face with row of 1 (missing) (Fig. 17 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 17 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.45 (Fig. 17 J – M). Bulb length / width 1.06 (Fig. 17 L, M). Embolus demarcated from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 121 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.33; embolus length / bulb length 0.97 (Fig. 17 L, M).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan moriartii is known from a single specimen, despite quite extensive sampling of the genus in the region (JDW unpublished data). The specimen was collected in the central-eastern part of the Murchison bioregion, about 50 km due north of Leinster in what is now Wanjarri Nature Reserve. Nothing is currently known about the natural history of this species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The male specimen was collected in January, suggesting males might mature and disperse to search for females in summer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A524A7F163F5997B2D1EAC92298B350	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
A783400CAFFD5FFAB9E1F14905403928.text	A783400CAFFD5FFAB9E1F14905403928.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan silvestris Main 1983	<div><p>4.10. Kwonkan silvestris Main, 1983</p><p>Figures 2, 3 A, 18, 19</p><p>Kwonkan silvestre Main, 1983: 930, figs 9, 13, 26, 32, 36, 40, 44.</p><p>Kwonkan silvestris Main: Harvey et al., 2023 a, 2 (following ICZN, assigned masculine gender to the genus and changed this specific epithet accordingly).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.45/lat -33.216667)">Juranda</a>; 33°13'S 123°27'E; 12 Dec. 1953; B. Y. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15232 [WAM 82/1356]) . — Allotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 female; 88 km E. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.28333/lat -32.2)">Norseman</a>; 32°12'S 123°17'E; 08 Dec. 1953; B. Y. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15233 [WAM 82/1357]) . — Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♂; Balladonia (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.86667/lat -32.45)">Magooinya</a>); 32°27'S 123°52'E; 10 Dec. 1953; B. Y. Main leg. (WAM T 155866 [BYM 53/517]) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.8/lat -32.033333)">Fraser Range</a> (78 miles E. of Norseman); 32°02'S 122°48'E; 09 Dec. 1953; B. Y. Main leg. (WAM T 155867 [BYM 53/514]) . — Other material examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♂; Cape Arid National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.36667/lat -33.3)">Pine Hill south</a>; 33°18'S 123°22'E; 26 Oct. 2006; S. Comer et. al. leg. (WAM T 95098) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.789696&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.34636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.789696/lat -32.34636)">Mt Henry</a>, ca. 17 km S. of Norseman; 32°20'46.9"S 121°47'22.9"E; 09 Dec. 2012 – 09 Dec. 2012; M. K. Curran and S. R. Bennett leg.; hand foraging (WAM T 130489) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan silvestris occurs near K. currycomboides and K. turriger in the south-eastern agricultural zone of SWWA (Fig. 3 A). — Both sexes can be distinguished from K. currycomboides by the absence of spine patches on ventral coxae III and IV (spine patches present in K. currycomboides) (Figs 18 C, 19 C; cf. Figs 9 C, 10 C). — Females of K. silvestris can be distinguished from those of K. turriger by the presence of spines on at least some of their leg tarsi (tarsal spines absent in K. turriger) (Fig. 19 A, I – L; cf. Fig. 20 A, I – L). — Males of K. silvestris cannot be distinguished from those of K. turriger because males of the latter are unknown.</p><p>Description holotype male (WAM T 15232).</p><p>General: Body length 10.11; in good condition (Fig. 18 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 5.39; width 4.65; length / width 1.16; carapace orange; glabrous; fovea procurved, with a medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.14 (Fig. 18 A, F). Chelicerae orange; rastellum of short, strong setae, not on a mound (Fig. 18 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.21; eye tubercle present (Fig. 18 E). — Abdomen: Length 2.78; light brown (Fig. 18 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 18 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 90 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 45 % of maxillae length (Fig. 18 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.27; central sternum with covering of short length hair-like setae (Fig. 18 H). Posterior sigilla elongate; length / sternum length 0.19 (Fig. 18 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 18 H). — Leg I: Light orange, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 5; patella length 2.85; tibia length 3.97; metatarsus length 4.72; tarsus length 2.35; total length 18.88; leg I length / carapace length 3.5 (Fig. 18 N – Q). Scopulae light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 18 N, O). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 2; Pa PL 2; Ti PL 3; Ti RL 2; Me PL 1; Me RL 0; Ta 0 (Fig. 18 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 4.05; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine; spur subdigitiform; megaspine on spur angled at 22 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.6; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.61; megaspine length / tibia length 0.27 (Fig. 18 N – P). Metatarsus I slightly sinuous; proximal excavation concave, distal pad with slight, rounded heel; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.32; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 7.75 (Fig. 18 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 7; Ti 8; Me 15; Ta 6 (Fig. 18 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 2.25; width 0.95; length / width [PTL / PTD] 2.36; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 18 long spines; positioned about 50 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 18 J, K). Femur with 1 (Fig. 18 J). Patella prolateral face with row of 1 (Fig. 18 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 18 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.48 (Fig. 18 J – M). Bulb length / width 1.04 (Fig. 18 L, M). Embolus demarcated from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 111 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.37; embolus length / bulb length 1.38 (Fig. 18 L, M).</p><p>Description allotype female (WAM T 15233).</p><p>General: Body length 17.02; in moderate condition, carapace and genital plate damaged (Fig. 19 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 5.72; width 5.2; length / width 1.1; carapace pale yellow; glabrous; fovea procurved; fovea width / carapace length 0.21 (Fig. 19 A, F). Chelicerae red-brown; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 19 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.13; eye tubercle present (Fig. 19 E). — Abdomen: Length 8.14; white (Fig. 19 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 19 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 60 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 80 % of maxilla length, blending into spines laterally (Fig. 19 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.2; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 19 H). Posterior sigilla elongate, inconspicuous; length / sternum length 0.18 (Fig. 19 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 19 H). — Leg I: Dark red-brown; femur length 5.07; patella length 2.92; tibia length 3.33; metatarsus length 3; tarsus length 2.07; total length 16.38; leg I length / carapace length 2.86 (Fig. 19 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 19 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 2; Ti PL 3; Ti RL 4; Me PL 3; Me RL 4; Ta 0 (Fig. 19 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 3.02 (Fig. 19 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 6; Ti 7; Me 12; Ta 4 (Fig. 19 I). — Genitalia: Epigastric furrow gently curving, without modification (Fig. 19 D, L). Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 19 L). Lateral vesicles relatively straight; angled medially; with distinct, wide and flattened crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.32; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.26; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.21; lateral vesicle length / width at base 1.23 (Fig. 19 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from base of lateral vesicle; small and rounded; crown distinct, rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.15; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.59 (Fig. 19 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan silvestris is known from several locations over a relatively large area in the south-eastern part of the Coolgardie bioregion, from the northern limit of Cape Arid National Park in the south, to Balladonia in the east and Dundas in the west, with Fraser Range being the most northerly collecting locality. In the etymology of the original description, Main (1983, 930) alludes to the species occurring in “ low, open woodlands ”. Nothing else is currently known about the natural history of this species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Males of this species appear to mature and disperse to search for females in late spring and summer, from October to December. Specimens here associated with K. silvestris were previously known by the WAM codes ‘ MYG 122 ’ and ‘ MYG 905 ’.</p><p>COI barcode sequence (WAM T 130489).</p><p>AACTTTGTATTTGTTATTCGGGGTTTGATCAGCTATAGTAGGAACTGGAATGAGAGTTATTATTCGGACTGAGTTGGGTCAGGTAGGGAGATTGTTGGGGGATGATCATTTATATAATGTTGTGGTAACGGCTCATGCTTTGGTGATGATTTTTTTTATAGTAATGCCTATTATAATTGGAGGGTTTGGGAATTGGTTGGTTCCTCTTATATTAGGTGCTCCTGATATGGCTTTTCCTCGGATAAATAATTTGAGTTTTTGGTTGTTACCTCCTTCTTTGTTTTTATTAGTATTGTCGTCTTTGACGGATGTTGGTGTTGGGGCTGGATGGACTATTTATCCTCCTTTGTCTTCTGTTGTTGGGCATGGTGGTGGAGGAATGGATTTTGCCATTTTTTCTTTGCATTTAGCTGGAGCTTCTTCAATTATGGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACTATTGTAAATATACGTATGGTGGGTATAACTATGGAGCGTGTTCCTTTATTTGTATGGTCTGTTTTAATTACTGCTGTTTTGTTGTTGTTATCTTTACCTGTTTTGGCTGGTGCTATTACTATATTATTGACGGATCGGAATTTTAATACATCATTTTTTGATCCTGCGGGAGGGGGAGATCCTATTTTATTTCAACATTTATTT.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A783400CAFFD5FFAB9E1F14905403928	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
48337258E7165355A00CD3E7114950A1.text	48337258E7165355A00CD3E7114950A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan turriger (Main 1994)	<div><p>4.11. Kwonkan turriger (Main, 1994)</p><p>Figures 1 G, 1 H, 2, 3 A, 20</p><p>Aname turrigera Main, 1994: 65, fig. 1 a-k.</p><p>Kwonkan turrigera (Main): Harvey et al., 2018, 442 (transferred from Aname).</p><p>Kwonkan turriger (Main): Harvey et al., 2023 a, 2 (following ICZN, assigned masculine gender to the genus and changed the specific epithet of this species accordingly).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♀; 24 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.4/lat -32.233334)">Balladonia on Eyre Highway</a>; 32°14'S 123°24'E; 20 Nov. 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow (WAM T 26692 [WAM 92/2629]) . — Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♀; same data as holotype (WAM T 26693 [WAM 92/2630]) • 1 ♀; same data (WAM T 155747 [BYM 86/175]) • 1 ♀; same data (WAM T 155748 [BYM 86/176]) • 1 ♀; same data (WAM T 155749 [BYM 86/177]) • 1 ♀; same data except 24 May 1986 (WAM T 155750 [BYM 86/157]) • 1 ♀; same data (WAM T 155751 [BYM 86/158]) • 1 ♀, 10 juveniles; same data (WAM T 155752 [BYM 86/159]) • 1 ♀; Mallura; 21 Aug. 1960; A. R. Main leg.; excavated from burrow (WAM T 155753 [BYM 60/19]) . South Australia. • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.83333/lat -31.5)">Yalata</a>; 31°30'S 131°50'E; 20 May 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow (WAM T 155798 [BYM 86/110]) • 1 juvenile; Yalata Swamp, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.18333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.18333/lat -31.433332)">Head of the Bight</a>; 31°26'S 131°11'E; 20 May 1986; B. Y. Main leg.; excavated from burrow (WAM T 155760 [BYM 86/109]) . — Other material examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.40417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.238613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.40417/lat -32.238613)">23.4 km NW. of Balladonia Roadhouse, Eyre Highway</a>; 32°14'19"S 123°24'15"E; 234 m; 28 Aug. 2014; S. E. Harrison and M. S. Harvey leg.; dug from aerial tube in Triodia (WAM T 134203) • 1 juvenile; same data (WAM T 134204) • 1 ♀; 24 km W. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.40422&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.23892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.40422/lat -32.23892)">Balladonia</a>; 32°14'20.1"S 123°24'15.2"E; 230 m; 17 Sep. 2017; M. J. Hillyer and J. M. Waldock leg.; dug from aerial tube in Triodia (WAM T 144417) • 1 juvenile; same data except 32°14'21.0"S 123°24'14.2"E; 232 m (WAM T 144418) • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.4/lat -32.233334)">25 km W. of Balladonia on Eyre Highway</a>; 32°14'S 123°24'E; 24 Nov. 1987; B. Y. Main leg.; dug from aerial tube in Triodia (WAM T 155762) • 1 juvenile; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.4/lat -32.233334)">25 km W. of Balladonia on Eyre Highway</a>; 32°14'S 123°24'E; 24 Nov. 1987; B. Y. Main leg.; dug from aerial tube in Triodia (WAM T 155763) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan turriger occurs near K. anatolion and K. elatus sp. nov. on the eastern (South Australian) side of the Nullarbor Plain, and near K. silvestris and K. currycomboides on the western (Western Australian) side (Fig. 3 A). — Both sexes of K. turriger can be distinguished from those of K. currycomboides by the absence of spine patches on ventral coxae III and IV (spine patches present in K. currycomboides) (Figs 20 C; cf. Figs 9 C, 10 C). — Females of K. turriger can be distinguished from those of K. anatolion and K. silvestris by the absence of spines on their leg tarsi (tarsal spines present on at least some legs of K. anatolion and K. silvestris) (Fig. 20 I; cf. Figs 8 I, 19 I). They can be distinguished from K. elatus sp. nov. by the presence of shorter lateral spermathecal receptacles (Fig. 20 L; cf. Fig. 13 L). — Males of K. turriger are unknown.</p><p>Description holotype female (WAM T 26692).</p><p>General: Body length 14.78; in good condition, abdomen slightly deformed (Fig. 20 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 4.86; width 3.71; length / width 1.31; carapace orange; glabrous; fovea procurved, with a feint medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.17 (Fig. 20 A, F). Chelicerae orange; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 20 A). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.38; eye tubercle present (Fig. 20 C). — Abdomen: Length 7.03; white laterally and ventrally, with dark brown, thin chevrons dorsally (Fig. 20 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 20 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 50 cuspules; cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel; extending laterally about 30 % of maxillae length (Fig. 20 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.05; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 20 H). Posterior sigilla ovoid; length / sternum length 0.13 (Fig. 20 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 20 H). — Leg I: Pale; femur length 3.52; patella length 2.25; tibia length 2.29; metatarsus length 1.92; tarsus length 1.47; total length 11.45; leg I length / carapace length 2.35 (Fig. 20 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 20 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 1; Ti PL 2; Ti RL 4; Me PL 3; Me RL 4; Ta 0 (Fig. 20 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 2.68 (Fig. 20 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 0; Pa 3; Ti 5; Me 8; Ta 0 (Fig. 20 I). — Genitalia: Epigastric furrow gently curving, without modification (Fig. 20 D, L). Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 20 L). Lateral vesicles relatively straight; angled medially; with indistinct rounded crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.18; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.21; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.18; lateral vesicle length / width at base 1.19 (Fig. 20 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from base of lateral vesicle; small and rounded; crown distinct, rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.08; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.38 (Fig. 20 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan turriger, after being relimited in this revision, is known from two populations occurring on either side of the Nullarbor Plain (Fig. 3 A). One population is at the type locality, west of the town of Balladonia in the eastern part of the Coolgardie bioregion of Western Australia. The second population, tentatively ascribed to the same species based on female genital morphology, occurs near Yalata, in the coastal swampy region east of the Nullarbor Plain, in the Nullarbor bioregion of South Australia. Specimens from further east, previously ascribed to K. turriger, are now recognised as the new species K. elatus sp. nov. The burrows of K. turriger and its sister species K. elatus sp. nov. are unique among anamids in extending above the substrate as a soil turret, which may be free-standing or project into and open within low foliage (typically spinifex or chenopod shrubs; Fig. 1 G, H). More detailed information on the burrow structure and life history of K. turriger sensu lato (as then circumscribed, and now comprising the two aforementioned species) is provided in Main (1994).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was first described as Aname turrigera by Main (1994) and assigned to the genus Aname mostly by the lack of spines on the leg tarsi. Harvey et al. (2018) used molecular data to suggest that it was a species of Kwonkan .</p><p>COI barcode consensus sequence (N = 4).</p><p>AACTTTGTATTTGATATTTGGGGTATGATCTGCTATGGTGGGTACTGCTATAAGAGTTATTGTACGCACAGAGTTGGGTCAAGTTGGGAGATTATTAGGAGATGATCATTTGTATAATGTAATAGTAACGGCGCATGCTTTGGTGATGATTTTTTTTATAGTGATGCCTATTATGATTGGAGGGTTTGGTAATTGATTAGTTCCTTTGATATTAGGAGCGCCGGATATAGCATTTCCTCGGATGAATAATTTAAGATTTTGATTATTGCCTCCTTCCTTATTTATGTTGGTTTTGTCATCATTGACGGATGTAGGGGTGGGGGCTGGATGAACAATTTATCCCCCTTTGTCTTCAGGTATAGGGCATAGAGGAGGGGGTATAGATTTTGTTATTTTTTCTTTACATTTGGTTGGGGTTTCTTCTATTATGGGGGCTATTAATTTTATTACGACTATTAAGAATATACGTATGATGGGGATAACAATGGAACGTGTTCCTCTCTTTGTTTGATCTGTTTTAATTACTGCTGTATTGTTGTTGTTGTCTTTACCAGTTTTGGCGGGTGCTGTTACTATATTATTGACCGATCGAAATTTTAATACATCGTTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGTGGGGGGGATCCTATTTTGTTTCAACATTTATTT.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48337258E7165355A00CD3E7114950A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
65BE4E52A9C95DFFBD492C489CB46116.text	65BE4E52A9C95DFFBD492C489CB46116.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan wonganensis (Main 1977)	<div><p>4.2. Kwonkan wonganensis (Main, 1977)</p><p>Figures 1 B, 1 E, 2, 3, 6, 7</p><p>Dekana wonganensis Main, 1977: 102, figs 14–16.</p><p>Kwonkan wonganensis (Main): Main 1983, 926, figs 2, 3 (transferred from Dekana).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♀; Wongan Hills, Mallee Fowl Gully [Fowler Gully Nature Reserve] (“ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.63333/lat -30.85)">south end of the Wongan Hills</a> ”); 30°51'S 116°38'E; 24 Nov. 1974; B. Y. Main leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 10503 [previously WAM 78/596]) . — Paratype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♀; same data as holotype (WAM T 14286 [WAM 82/118]) . — Other material examined: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 1 ♂; Rogers Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.66111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.83639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.66111/lat -30.83639)">Waddington-Wongan Hills Road, site WH 4</a>; 30°50'11"S 116°39'40"E; 15 Sep. 1998 – 25 Oct. 1999; B. Durrant, CALM Survey leg.; wet pitfall trap (WAM T 147291) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 147292) • 1 ♂; same data (WAM T 147392) • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.63333/lat -30.85)">Wongan Hills</a>; 30°51'S 116°38'E; 24 Oct. 1955; B. Y. Main leg. (WAM T 155865) • 1 juvenile; Wongan Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.641945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.840834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.641945/lat -30.840834)">550 m SSE. of Mt O’Brien</a>; 30°50'27"S 116°38'31"E; 335 m; 06 Mar. 2022; M. S. Harvey and M. E. Blosfelds leg.; excavated from burrow (WAM T 157120) • 1 juvenile; same data (WAM T 157120) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan wonganensis occurs near K. eboracum, K. linnaei, and K. yorkrakine sp. nov. in the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion (Fig. 3 B). — Both sexes can be distinguished from K. linnaei by the absence of spine patches on coxae III and IV (spine patches present in K. linnaei) (Figs 6 C, 7 C; cf. Fig. 16 C). — Males of K. wonganensis can be distinguished from those of K. eboracum by the presence of a less prominent heel on metatarsus I (heel prominent and angular in K. eboracum) (Fig. 6 Q; cf. Fig. 11 Q). Males of K. wonganensis can be distinguished from those of K. yorkrakine sp. nov. by the presence of longer, thinner spines on pedipalp tibia (spines shorter and stouter in K. yorkrakine sp. nov.) and a longer embolus (embolus shorter relative to bulb in K. yorkrakine sp. nov.). — Females of K. wonganensis can be distinguished from those of K. eboracum by their spermathecae, which have lateral receptacles with narrower, less triangular bases, and medial receptacles arising near the base of the lateral receptacles (lateral receptacles more triangular, with wider bases, and medial vesicles arising more distally on the lateral receptacles in K. wonganensis) (Fig. 7 L; cf. Fig. 12 L). Females of K. wonganensis cannot be distinguished from those of K. yorkrakine sp. nov. because females of the latter are unknown. — Burrows of K. wonganensis can be distinguished from all other described Kwonkan species by the presence of a broad and low mound of pebbles around the entrance of the burrow (Fig. 1 G).</p><p>Description male (WAM T 147291).</p><p>General: Body length 11.90; in moderate condition, abdomen deformed and faded (Fig. 6 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 5.45; width 4.58; length / width 1.19; carapace orange-brown, caput darker than thorax; glabrous, light covering of reflective setae; fovea slightly procurved, with a medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.15 (Fig. 6 A, F). Chelicerae dark orange-brown; rastellum of short, strong setae, on a slight mound (Fig. 6 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.05; eye tubercle present (Fig. 6 E). — Abdomen: Length 4.81; pale (Fig. 6 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 6 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 45 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about 40 % of maxillae length (Fig. 6 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.2; central sternum with covering of moderate length, hair-like setae (Fig. 6 H). Posterior sigilla elongate; length / sternum length 0.16 (Fig. 6 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 6 H). — Leg I: Orange-brown, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 4.91; patella length 2.72; tibia length 3.81; metatarsus length 4.22; tarsus length 2.76; total length 18.42; leg I length / carapace length 3.38 (Fig. 6 N – Q). Scopulae light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 6 N, O). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1 (missing); Pa PL 2 (distal missing); Ti PL 1; Ti RL 0; Me PL 0; Me RL 0; Ta 0 (Fig. 6 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 4.16; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine; spur subdigitiform; megaspine on spur angled at 24 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.65; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.54; megaspine length / tibia length 0.25 (Fig. 6 N – P). Metatarsus I straight; proximal excavation concave, distal pad with slight, rounded heel; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.34; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 6.83 (Fig. 6 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3 (proximal 2 missing); Pa 6; Ti 7; Me 15; Ta 3 (Fig. 6 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 2.25; width 0.82; length / width [PTL / PTD] 2.74; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 9 long spines; positioned about 50 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 6 J, K). Femur with 1 distal spine (Fig. 6 J). Patella prolateral face with 2 dorsal spines (Fig. 6 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 6 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.47 (Fig. 6 J – M). Bulb length / width 1.05 (Fig. 6 L, M). Embolus tapering gradually from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 140 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.46; embolus length / bulb length 1.57 (Fig. 6 L, M).</p><p>Description holotype female (WAM T 10503).</p><p>General: Body length 18.93; in good condition (Fig. 7 A – L). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 7.54; width 6.00; length / width 1.26; carapace orange; glabrous; fovea procurved, with a medial cleft; fovea width / carapace length 0.16 (Fig. 7 A, F). Chelicerae red-brown; rastellum of short, strong thorn-like setae on mound (Fig. 7 A, G). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2.11; eye tubercle present (Fig. 7 E). — Abdomen: Length 7.83; pale laterally and ventrally, with brown chevrons dorsally (Fig. 7 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium with two spinules (Fig. 7 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 100 cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel and laterally about about 60 % of maxillae length, blending into spines (Fig. 7 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.16; central sternum with covering of mixed short and long hair-like setae (Fig. 7 H). Posterior sigilla ovoid; length / sternum length 0.13 (Fig. 7 H). Other sigilla small, round and lateral (Fig. 7 H). — Leg I: Light orange; femur length 5.21; patella length 3.32; tibia length 3.66; metatarsus length 3.44; tarsus length 2.06; total length 17.68; leg I length / carapace length 2.34 (Fig. 7 J, K). Scopulae on metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 7 J, K). Spine count Fe D several bristle-like setae; Fe PL 1; Pa PL 2; Ti PL 3; Ti RL 4; Me PL 3; Me RL 4; Ta 0 (Fig. 7 J, K). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 3.06 (Fig. 7 J, K). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 11; Ti 7; Me 13; Ta 9 (Fig. 7 I). — Genitalia: Epigastric furrow gently curving, without modification (Fig. 7 D, L). Spermathecae with two vesicles each (Fig. 7 L). Lateral vesicles relatively straight; angled medially; with distinct, wide and flattened crowns; lateral vesicle length 0.28; lateral vesicle length / genitalia width 0.29; lateral vesicle width at base / genitalia width 0.23; lateral vesicle length / width at base 1.3 (Fig. 7 L). Medial vesicles projecting medially from base of lateral vesicle; small and rounded; medial vesicle length / genitalia width 0.11; medial vesicle length / lateral vesicle length 0.37 (Fig. 7 L).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan wonganensis is known from several localities, predominantly within nature reserves close to Wongan Hills in the north-western part of the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion (Fig. 3 A, B). Here it is associated with lateritic substrates with small pebbles, which it uses in the construction of its characteristic burrow entrance. The burrow includes a mound around the entrance made from small lateritic rocks and soil (Fig. 1 E). The entrance has a soft collar, which the spider can pull closed if disturbed, or to avoid environmental stresses. Main (1977: fig. 13) illustrates a cross section of the burrow with a secondary escape chute opening out the side of the mound in the ‘ wishbone’ style typical of many anamids, and this has been confirmed by author ESV.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Kwonkan wonganensis is the type species of the genus Kwonkan, and was hitherto known only from the female. We were able to link males with the female holotype of this species using morphological similarity, geographic proximity, habitat similarity, and phylogenetic concordance. The three known males were collected in September / October, suggesting that males mature and disperse to search for females in spring. The males here associated with K. wonganensis were previously known by the WAM code ‘ MYG 944 ’.</p><p>COI barcode sequence (WAM T 157120).</p><p>GACTTTATATTTAATGTTTGGGGTGTGATCTGCTATAATTGGTACGGCTATAAGAGTTATTATTCGGATGGAGTTGGGGCAGGTAGGGAGAATAATGGGTGATGATCATTTGTATAATGTTATGGTCACTGCTCATGCTTTAGTGATGATTTTTTTTATAGTGATGCCTATTATGATTGGGGGGTTTGGAAATTGGTTGGTTCCTTTGATGTTAGGGGTTCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATTTGAGTTTTTGGTTATTGCCCCCTTCTTTGTTTTTATTGGTTTTGTCGTCCTTGACAGATGTTGGGGTTGGAGCTGGGTGGACTATTTATCCTCCATTGTCTTCTATTGTAGGTCATGGGGGTGGGGGTATAGATTTTGCTATTTTTTCTTTACATTTGGCTGGGGCATCTTCTGTTATAGGGGCGATTAATTTTATTACTACTATTTTAAATATGCGGATTGCTGGGATGACTATGGAGCGTGTTCCGTTGTTTGTTTGGTCTGTTTTAATTACTGCTGTTTTGTTATTGTTGTCTTTACCAGTTTTGGCAGGTGCGGTAACAATGTTATTAACGGATCGGAATTTTAATACATCATTTTTTGATCCTGCGGGAGGTGGTGATCCAATTTTGTTTCAACATTTATTT.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65BE4E52A9C95DFFBD492C489CB46116	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
EF3554D16E6F5282B9EC4C6B9138641B.text	EF3554D16E6F5282B9EC4C6B9138641B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kwonkan yorkrakine Wilson & Urso & Rix & Volschenk & Bedón & Harvey 2026	<div><p>4.12. Kwonkan yorkrakine sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 3 B, 21</p><p>Kwonkan eboracum Main, 1983: 929, figs 27, 33, 37, 41 (in part, male allotype WAM 82/1359 [WAM T 15235]).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • ♂; [ K. eboracum allotype]; Yorkrakine Rock Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.51667/lat -31.416666)">Yorkrakine Rock, E. of Tammin</a>; 31°25'S 117°31'E; 01 Jan 1969; R. Jones leg.; collected by hand (WAM T 15235 [WAM 82/1359]) . — Paratype: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia. • 4 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.63278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.577778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.63278/lat -31.577778)">McClellands [remnant next to Hanlon Rd, between McClelland Rd in the north and McLellan Rd in the south], remnant 49, quadrat T 25-30</a>; 31°34'40"S 117°37'58"E; 08 Dec. 1987; G. T. Smith leg.; dry pitfall trap (WAM T 144981) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Kwonkan yorkrakine sp. nov. occurs near K. eboracum, K. linnaei, and K. wonganensis in the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion (Fig. 3 B). — Both sexes can be distinguished from K. linnaei by the absence of spine patches on coxae III and IV (spine patches present in K. linnaei) (Fig. 21 C; cf. Fig. 16 C). — Males of K. yorkrakine sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of K. eboracum and K. wonganensis by the presence of shorter, stouter spines on pedipalp tibia (spines longer and thinner in K. eboracum and K. wonganensis) (Fig. 21 K; cf. Figs 6 K, 11 K) and a shorter embolus (embolus longer relative to bulb in K. eboracum and K. wonganensis) (Fig. 21 L; cf. Figs 6 L, 11 L). — Females of K. yorkrakine sp. nov. are unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ yorkrakine’ is a noun in apposition, referencing the type locality of the species, at Yorkrakine Rock Nature Reserve.</p><p>Description holotype male (WAM T 15235).</p><p>General: Body length 11.6; in poor condition, prosoma and abdomen deformed, colour faded (Fig. 21 A – Q). — Dorsal prosoma: Carapace length 4.54; width 3.21; length / width 1.41; carapace yellow; glabrous; fovea straight; fovea width / carapace length 0.13 (Fig. 21 A, F). Chelicerae yellow-brown; rastellum of short, strong setae, not on a mound (Fig. 21 A). Eye group rectangular; width / length 2; eye tubercle present (Fig. 21 C). — Abdomen: Length 4.95; pale (Fig. 21 B, D). — Ventral prosoma: Labium cuspules absent (Fig. 21 G, H). Maxillae with distinct heel; with about 70 cuspules; cuspules extending posteriorly onto heel; extending laterally about 50 % of maxillae length (Fig. 21 C, G). Sternum length / width 1.25; central sternum with covering of very short length hair-like setae (Fig. 21 H). Posterior sigilla faded, inconspicuous (Fig. 21 H). — Leg I: Yellow, darker on patella, tibia, and proximal metatarsus; femur length 3.92; patella length 2.13; tibia length 2.91; metatarsus length 3.2; tarsus length 1.97; total length 14.14; leg I length / carapace length 3.12 (Fig. 21 N – Q). Scopulae light on distal metatarsus and tarsus (Fig. 21 N, O). Spine count Fe D 1; Fe PL 2; Pa PL 2; Ti PL 1; Ti RL 1; Me PL 0; Me RL 1; Ta 0 (Fig. 21 N – Q). Tibia I length / width [TIL / TID] 3.36; even width along length; tibial spur present; spur with single megaspine; spur triangular; megaspine on spur angled at 34 ° relative to tibia; length to distal face of spur / tibia length [TIS / TIL] 0.61; spur height / tibia width [TISH / TID] 0.48; megaspine length / tibia length 0.32 (Fig. 21 N – P). Metatarsus I straight; proximal excavation inconspicuous; excavation length / metatarsus length [MIPEL / MIL] 0.37; metatarsus length / width [MIL / MID] 5.77 (Fig. 21 N, O, Q). — Leg III: Prolateral spine count Fe 3; Pa 6; Ti 8; Me 12; Ta 4 (Fig. 21 I). — Pedipalp: Tibia length 1.67; width 0.8; length / width [PTL / PTD] 2.07; asetose depression absent; retroventral spine-patch present; consisting of about 20 short spines; positioned about 45 % of the way along the tibia (Fig. 21 J, K). Femur with 1 (Fig. 21 J). Patella prolateral face with row of 1 (Fig. 21 J). Cymbium with scopula present distally (Fig. 21 J, K). Copulatory organ length / pedipalp tibia length 0.49 (Fig. 21 J – M). Bulb length / width 1.08 (Fig. 21 L, M). Embolus demarcated from bulb; projecting and curving so as to form an angle of roughly 120 ° with bulb; embolus width at base / bulb width 0.38; embolus length / bulb length 1.1 (Fig. 21 L, M).</p><p>Distribution and natural history.</p><p>Kwonkan yorkrakine sp. nov. is known from two localities in the central Avon Wheatbelt bioregion, in the vicinity of the towns of Tammin and Kellerberrin. Nothing is currently known about the burrow constructed by this species.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The five males of this species represented in collections were collected in December and January, suggesting that males mature and disperse to search for females in summer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF3554D16E6F5282B9EC4C6B9138641B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wilson, Jeremy D.;Urso, Arianna;Rix, Michael G.;Volschenk, Erich S.;Bedón, Valentina Cruz;Harvey, Mark S.	Wilson, Jeremy D., Urso, Arianna, Rix, Michael G., Volschenk, Erich S., Bedón, Valentina Cruz, Harvey, Mark S. (2026): Wishbone spiders of the genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) in south-western Australia: Redescription of legacy species, two new species, and an assessment of agricultural zone diversity. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 510-547, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e189518
