identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CE1987A1FF95FFAB20E8FCF41698E73F.text	CE1987A1FF95FFAB20E8FCF41698E73F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus Stal 1873	<div><p>Genus:  Melanoplus Stål, 1873</p><p>General Description</p><p>Each of the three new species described here strongly resemble other species in the Puer Group sensu lato, especially those in the Puer Group sensu stricto, to which they are hypothesized to be the most closely related based on general appearance, relative size, and geography. For these reasons, I am currently placing these three new species into the Puer Group sensu stricto.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1987A1FF95FFAB20E8FCF41698E73F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Woller, Derek A.	Woller, Derek A. (2025): Three new grasshopper species in the Florida Melanoplus Puer group (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae). Zootaxa 5631 (2): 269-307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3
CE1987A1FF95FFB120E8FB9C164AE0AA.text	CE1987A1FF95FFB120E8FB9C164AE0AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus amphora Woller, Kelly, and Orfinger 2025	<div><p>Melanoplus amphora sp. nov. Woller, Kelly, and Orfinger</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2A, 3, 5A &amp; B, 6–8)</p><p>General Description</p><p>A full list of unique anatomical components that separate this species from the other two new ones described here are found in Table 3. However, the primary character that separates this species from all other congeneric species is the shape of the ventral valves of aedeagus (see Fig. 15 for a comparison of all three new species), which, in dorsal view, resemble the shape of a classic vase (the origin of its name, see Etymology section), a sideways fish (as drawn by a child), or an open-top hourglass, while, in lateral view, they resemble the curving-upwards tips of classic elf shoes. Described from 53 specimens total (adult male holotype, adult female allotype, and 51 paratypes): 25 males, 12 females, and 16 nymphs.</p><p>Detailed Description</p><p>Note that the descriptions for each body region below are for adults of both sexes unless otherwise noted.</p><p>General Body Coloration (Figs. 5A &amp; B, 6): Males light brown-yellowish (medium to light brown in females), often with some lateral black striping and scattered splashes of black (less-so in females), although darker or mottled variations exist; in males, integument of pronotum’s dorsum, tegmina, and anterior abdominal areas tend to be slightly darker.</p><p>Head, Pronotum, and Thorax (Figs. 5A &amp; B, 6): Antennae filiform and composed of 22 segments. Fastigium not overly pronounced, eyes very prominent and of variable coloration: yellow, red, brown, or a combination of these. Median carina obvious and raised slightly, intersected by three obvious sulci, one within the prozona’s posterior portion and the other two continuing on from the lateral sulci that delimit the meso/metazona. Prosternal process subconical and prominent, often extending ventrally enough to be in line with the sternum. An often-faint, thin black stripe emerges from just behind the midpoint of the eye and crosses onto the lateral sides of the pronotum where it darkens greatly and initially doubles in width, almost reaching the anteroventral edge, and then immediately narrows again diagonally, ending at approximately the same width it began and usually at the posterior edge of the mesozona, although with occasional bleed-over into dorsolateral region of the metazona. When viewed in isolation, the pronotal stripe roughly resembles a right-angled trapezoid (the right angle being the anterodorsal corner of the prozona). This black stripe (now more abstract and less stripe-like) emerges again at its full width on the pleurites just beyond the pronotum, passes behind the tegmen, and extends onto the abdomen. In females, the overall striping is less common and less obvious in general, particularly behind the eye (when present, most obvious on the pronotum).</p><p>Abdomen, Tegmina, Legs (Figs. 5A &amp; B, 6): Both sides of abdomen’s anterior regions with the black stripe-like pattern that began on the thorax and head, typically ending at the posterior edge of tergite 2, with occasional black splashes beyond, mostly on tergites 3 and 4, and mostly on the anterior or posterior edges. In females, this pattern is less common and less obvious overall. Tegmina appear narrow, being moderately compressed dorsoventrally and reaching at least the end of tergite 1 or the first quarter of tergite 2 (common in most males and females); covered in dense, raised reticulations. Fore and midfemora (most common) with occasional black splotches, mainly on dorsal side; hind femora quite variable, with assorted black splotches on dorsal side (almost always fewer in size and number compared to midfemora) and/or sometimes along the medial area (if present, most common in males and usually more homogenous than splotchy). In females, outer ventral edge of hind femora often reddish, sometimes bleeding upwards onto the medial area. Hind tibiae ventral coloration most often yellowish in males, matching rest of leg, but also occasionally muted purple, which can be faint (most common) or strong (quite rare); in females, yellowish-brown, sometimes with a hint of muted purple.</p><p>Terminalia:</p><p>Male, external (Fig. 7A &amp; B): Furculae short and rounded strongly at apices. Supra-anal plate triangular to subtriangular with rounded apex and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the total length. Cerci shape approximately twice as wide at the base and tapering gently upwards towards a rounded apex, often nearly reaching the apex of the supra-anal plate or, more rarely, reaching it or extending slightly beyond. Subgenital plate semi-conical with a rounded apex in posterior view; pallium embedded slightly beneath inner edge.</p><p>Male, internal phallic complex (Fig. 7C–K): Overall, typical for a melanopline, particularly Puer Group sensu lato species, with the unique characters described below for the epiphallus, ectophallus, and endophallus, many of which are shared by  M. spiracor sp. nov. and  M. ferrarius sp. nov., with the sheath of aedeagus and ventral valves of aedeagus being the two most unique structures for each of the three species (Fig. 15, Table 3):</p><p>Epiphallus (Fig. 7C, D, J, K): Ancorae subtriangular, relatively elongate, bent slightly ventrally, and curving slightly inwards; lophi prominent, subrectangular, fairly narrow (laterally compressed), and covered in raised microstructures; anterior projections generally rounded with no defined shape; posterior projections, in dorsal view, either obscured by the lophi or slightly extending beyond posterior edges of lophi.</p><p>Ectophallus (Fig. 7C–F): Apodemes of cingulum elongate and zygoma shelf-like, meaning both resemble all other Puer Group species. Rami prominent, extending posteriorly at about a 45° angle and curving inwards slightly, with final 1/3 rd bent at a 90° angle that curves slightly upwards toward the ventral valves of aedeagus, terminating at approximately the midpoint of the valves, and tapering to a rounded apex; when viewed laterally, the ramus resembles an upside-down scythe. Sheath of aedeagus taking the form of two halves that do not meet, each consisting of an apical lobe that arises from the apical, “scythe blade” region of the rami, which extend dorsally at a 45° angle, and usually terminates just beyond the dorsum of the ventral valves of aedeagus. These lobes are relatively large, oblong in shape, and laterally compressed moderately, with apices more bulbous and marginally expanded; covered in raised microstructures.</p><p>Endophallus (Fig. 7G–I)): Apodemes of endophallus large and rounded like all other Puer Group species; arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, are about 1/2 the length of ventral valves, with basal ½ more robust, and fused and fairly flat for entire length except final ¼, which has a y-shaped cleft, each half terminating in a lobe-like structure (covered in raised microstructures) just beyond the sheath of aedeagus that curves slightly around its corresponding ventral valve and flares upwards fairly strongly (when viewed posteriorly, shape resembles an eyebrow, see Fig. 7H). Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures, are twice as long as the dorsal valves, with basal third more robust, and the remaining 2/3 forming a unique rigid pattern. When viewed dorsally (with valve apices oriented north, see Fig. 7 I-1), the general pattern is as follows: the valves initially bow outwards (obviously to strongly, but not known to go beyond the midpoint of the apices of the lobes of sheath of aedeagus) just beyond the lobe-like structures of the dorsal valves, and then gently inwards again, usually almost meeting at the start of the final 1/4 th, then curve outwards almost as much as before, with the apices bending inwards again at an almost 45° angle, but retaining more distance between; overall, the dorsal shape resembles several objects, such as a classic vase (Fig. 7 I-2), a sideways fish (as drawn by a child), or an open-top hourglass. When viewed laterally (Fig. 7G), the first curve of the ventral valves rises gently a little way above the dorsal valves, with the next curve then plunging to be in line with the lower lobes of the sheath of aedeagus, and, finally, with the apices rising to be in line with the first curve; overall, the two valves are fairly parallel and line up well in lateral view, with the shape resembling a wave of fixed height but mixed wavelengths. When viewed posteriorly, the apices of the ventral valves resemble the curving-upwards tips of classic elf shoes.</p><p>Female, external (Fig. 8A &amp; B): Supra-anal plate subtriangular; cerci relatively small and subconical, not extending beyond posterior edges of paraprocts; subgenital plate similar in appearance to abdominal sternites. In lateral view, dorsal valves of ovipositor curved deeply upwards while ventral valves of ovipositor moderately curved downwards with small tooth at anteroventral edge, thus resembling a shallow claw.</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n = 23, including holotype): Body length 9.57–13.43 (average 12.13 ± 0.80); pronotum length 2.29–3.14 (average 2.86 ± 0.22); pronotum width 2.14–2.57 (average 2.32 ± 0.16); tegmina length 1.57–2.43 (average 2.11 ± 7.63); and hind femur length 6.71–8.29 (average 7.63 ± 0.42).</p><p>Female measurements (in mm) (n = 11, including allotype): Body length 14.71–19.86 (average 17.02 ± 1.36); pronotum length 3.43–4.14 (average 3.77 ± 0.27); pronotum width 2.86–4.00 (average 3.59 ± 0.34); tegmina length 2.14–3.29 (average 2.69 ± 0.38); and hind femur length 9.00–10.43 (average 9.73 ± 0.47).</p><p>Geographic Distribution (Fig. 1): This species is currently only known from a relatively small region of southeastern Florida across four counties: Okeechobee, Brevard, Indian, and St. Lucie, with the latter three being along the east coast. Ten Mile Ridge is located within this region while the Atlantic Coastal Ridge runs through it, and specimens have been collected from both, which suggests a possible historical ridge connection that needs further exploration. Of the other Puer Group sensu stricto species, only  Melanoplus kissimmee Otte, 2012 (“2011”) (Table 1) overlaps, with a single known location found 4.28 km (2.66 miles) from the closest known one for  M. amphora sp. nov. (Fig. 1B) and relatively far from all other known locations of  M. kissimmee, which are more towards south-central Florida. Of the other Puer Group sensu lato species, only  M. indicifer Hubbell, 1933 (Table 1) has been collected in some of the same locations, suggesting similar habitat preferences.</p><p>Known Habitat (Fig. 3): Mainly collected from classic scrub habitat with minimal trees (dominantly pines, slash ( Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and longleaf ( Pinus palustris Mill.)), plenty of scrubby oaks ( Quercus spp.), occasional gopher apple ( Licania michauxii Prance) patches, scattered saw palmetto ( Serenoa repens (Bartram)),  Smilax spp. vines, and even scrub rosemary ( Ceratiola ericoides Michx.) now and then. Florida scrub jays ( Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc, 1795)) are also present at some sites and, more commonly, gopher tortoises ( Gopherus polyphemus (Daudin, 1802)) . Some encountered habitats were remnants of classic scrub and quite overgrown. All specimens collected by DAW and colleagues (Table 2) were in scrubby oaks and/or gopher apple.</p><p>Etymology:  M. amphora sp. nov. is named after the Latin word for “vase” because its ventral valves of aedeagus in dorsal view strongly resemble a classic vase shape (Fig. 7I).</p><p>Holotype: Male (Fig. 6A &amp; B). U.S.A.: FL: Brevard Co.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.770832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.565/lat 27.770832)">St. Sebastian River Preserve State Park</a>, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.770832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.565/lat 27.770832)">Scrub Jay Link Trail</a>, trailhead just N. of Fellsmere Rd. /CR 512, [A: 27.770833, -80.565000], [B: 27.772778,-80.566667], [C: 27.772222,-80.567222] (Figs. 2A, 3D–F), 16-V-2015, coll. D.A. Woller, S.L. Kelly, &amp; A.B. Orfinger, Field #PG200-1-A/B/C, mix of overgrown and classic scrub, did not separate A, B, or C specimens. Deposited in the UCFC, specimen with the unique identifier UCFC 0 577 309. Measurements (mm): Body length 12.71; pronotum length 3.14; pronotum width 2.57; tegmina length 2.43; and hind femur length 8.29.</p><p>Allotype: Female (Fig. 6C &amp; D). Same locality info as holotype (Figs. 2A, 3D–F). Deposited in the UCFC with the unique identifier UCFC 0 577 311. Measurements (mm): Body length 16.14; pronotum length 3.71; pronotum width 3.29; tegmina length 2.14; and hind femur length 9.57.</p><p>Additional Type Material: 51 paratypes: 24 males, 11 females, 16 nymphs. See Table 2 for locality details and other information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1987A1FF95FFB120E8FB9C164AE0AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Woller, Derek A.	Woller, Derek A. (2025): Three new grasshopper species in the Florida Melanoplus Puer group (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae). Zootaxa 5631 (2): 269-307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3
CE1987A1FF8FFFB820E6FC1D1510E2DE.text	CE1987A1FF8FFFB820E6FC1D1510E2DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus spiracor Woller and Kelly 2025	<div><p>Melanoplus spiracor sp. nov. Woller and Kelly</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2B, 4A, 5C &amp; D, 9–11)</p><p>General Description</p><p>A full list of unique anatomical components that separate this species from the other two new ones described here are found in Table 3. However, the primary character that separates this species from all other congeneric species is the shape of its ventral valves of aedeagus (see Fig. 15 for a comparison of all three new species), which, in dorsal view, resemble the shape of a triangle with a rounded base or a Hershey’s Kiss chocolate, while, in lateral view, they resemble a mesmerizing, spiraling version of the classic artistic heart shape (the origin of its name, see Etymology section). Described from 99 specimens total (adult male holotype, adult female allotype, and 97 paratypes): 44 males, 36 females, 13 nymphs, and 6 copulating pairs.</p><p>Detailed Description</p><p>Note that the descriptions for each body region below are for adults of both sexes unless otherwise noted.</p><p>General Body Coloration (Figs. 5C &amp; D, 9): Males light brown-yellowish (medium to light brown in females), often with some lateral black striping and scattered splashes of black (less-so in females), although darker or mottled variations exist; in males, integument of pronotum’s dorsum, tegmina, and anterior abdominal areas tend to be slightly darker.</p><p>Head, Pronotum, and Thorax (Figs. 5C &amp; D, 9): Antennae filiform and composed of 22 segments. Fastigium not overly pronounced, eyes very prominent and of variable coloration: usually yellow, red, brown, or a combination of these. Median carina obvious and raised slightly, intersected by three obvious sulci, one within the prozona’s posterior portion and the other two continuing on from the lateral sulci that delimit the meso/metazona. Prosternal process subconical and prominent, often extending ventrally enough to be in line with the sternum. This stripe then often continues on through the metazona, although at the same width or, more narrowly, along the dorsolateral edge, and crosses over onto the pleurites, either fully or partially (splotches), and then onto the abdomen after passing behind the tegmina. An often-faint, thin black stripe emerges from just behind the midpoint of the eye and crosses onto the lateral sides of the pronotum where it darkens greatly and initially doubles in width, almost reaching the anteroventral edge, and then immediately narrows again diagonally, ending at approximately the same width it began and usually at the posterior edge of the mesozona, although occasional bleeding-over into dorsolateral region of the metazona or, more rarely, at same full width across metazona. When viewed in isolation, the pronotal stripe roughly resembles a right-angled trapezoid (the right angle being the anterodorsal corner of the prozona). This black stripe (now more abstract and less stripe-like) emerges again at its full width on the pleurites just beyond the pronotum, passes behind the tegmen, and extends onto the abdomen. In females, the overall striping is less common and less obvious in general, particularly behind the eye (when present, most obvious on the pronotum).</p><p>Abdomen, Tegmina, Legs (Figs. 5C &amp; D, 9): Both sides of abdomen’s anterior regions with the black stripe-like pattern that began on the thorax and head, typically ending at the posterior edge of tergite 2, with occasional black splashes beyond, mostly on tergites 3 and 4, and mostly on the anterior or posterior edges. In females, this pattern is less common and less obvious overall. Tegmina appear narrow, being moderately compressed dorsoventrally, and most often reaching at least the first quarter of tergite 2; covered in dense, raised reticulations. Fore and midfemora (most common) with occasional black splotches, mainly on dorsal side; hind femora quite variable, with assorted black splotches on dorsal side (almost always fewer in size and number compared to midfemora) and/or, rarely, along the medial area. In females, outer ventral edge of hind femora often a vivid yellow or, more rarely, reddish. Hind tibiae ventral coloration most often yellowish in males, matching rest of leg, but also occasionally muted purple, which can be faint (most common) or strong (quite rare); in females, yellowish-brown, sometimes with a hint of muted purple.</p><p>Terminalia:</p><p>Male, external (Fig. 10A &amp;B): Furculae short and rounded strongly at apices. Supra-anal plate triangular to subtriangular with rounded apex and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the total length. Cerci shape approximately twice as wide at the base and tapering gently upwards towards a rounded apex, often coming short of reaching the apex of the supra-anal plate. Subgenital plate, semi-conical with a rounded apex in posterior view; pallium embedded slightly beneath inner edge.</p><p>Male, internal phallic complex (Fig. 10C–K): Overall, typical for a melanopline, particularly Puer Group sensu lato species, with the unique characters described below for the epiphallus, ectophallus, and endophallus, many of which are shared by  M. amphora sp. nov. and  M. ferrarius sp. nov., with the sheath of aedeagus and ventral valves of aedeagus being the two most unique structures for each of the three species (Fig. 15, Table 3):</p><p>.....continued on the next page</p><p>Epiphallus (Fig. 10J &amp; K): Ancorae subtriangular, relatively elongate, bent slightly ventrally, and curving slightly inwards; lophi prominent, subrectangular, fairly narrow (laterally compressed), and covered in raised microstructures; anterior projections generally rounded with no defined shape; posterior projections, in dorsal view, either obscured by the lophi or slightly extending beyond posterior edges of lophi.</p><p>Ectophallus (Fig. 10C–F): Apodemes of cingulum elongate and zygoma shelf-like, meaning both resemble all other Puer Group species. Rami prominent, extending posteriorly at about a 45° angle and curving inwards slightly, with final 1/3 rd bent at a 90° angle that curves slightly upwards and usually running parallel to the ventral valves of aedeagus, terminating at approximately the midpoint of the valves or beyond, and tapering to a fairly sharp apex; when viewed laterally, the ramus resembles an upside-down scythe. Sheath of aedeagus taking the form of two halves that do not meet, each consisting of an apical lobe that arises from the apical, “scythe blade” region of the rami, which extends dorsally at a 45° angle, and usually terminates slightly beyond the dorsum of the ventral valves. These lobes are oblong in shape, laterally compressed strongly, and with the rounded apices enlarged to some degree and flared outwards strongly; covered in raised microstructures.</p><p>Endophallus (Fig. 10G–I): Apodemes of endophallus large and rounded like all other Puer Group species; arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, are about 1/3 the length of ventral valves, with basal ½ more robust, and fused and fairly flat for almost entire length except for final ¼ (often ephemeral and very difficult to see), which has a y-shaped cleft, each half terminating bluntly near the apices of the lobes of the sheath of aedeagus. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures, are thrice as long as the dorsal valves, with basal third more robust, and the remaining 2/3 forming a unique rigid pattern. When viewed dorsally (with valve apices oriented north, see Fig. 10H), the general pattern is as follows: each valve undergoes a single, tight corkscrew (right valve spirals counterclockwise, left valve spirals clockwise) that then immediately bends strongly outwards, either just beneath the lobes of the sheath of aedeagus or just beyond them; if the former condition, observing the telltale corkscrews can be difficult without KOH-clearing and can still be difficult even then without moving aside the lobes, but the effect can be seen well in posterior view (Fig. 10 I-1) or in dried, pre-KOH-cleared specimens (Fig. 10D). The final 1/4 th of each valve (the only portion often seen clearly in specimens due to the afore-mentioned lobe-obscurement) curves gently inwards until their apices are almost touching, usually for a relatively short distance; overall, the dorsal shape resembles either a triangle with a rounded base or a Hershey’s Kiss chocolate. When viewed laterally, the corkscrews (obscured by lobes or not) are essentially invisible (dry specimens being a possible exception) and the valves (just beyond the corkscrew) look like they curve downwards about 45° to about the midpoint of the lobes of the sheath of aedeagus, after which they bend almost 90° and extend posteriorly for a short distance; overall, the two valves are fairly parallel and line up well in lateral view. When viewed posteriorly, the apices of the ventral valves resemble a mesmerizing, spiraling version of the classic artistic heart shape (Fig. 10 I-2).</p><p>Female, external (Fig. 11A &amp; B): Supra-anal plate subtriangular; cerci relatively small and subconical, not extending beyond posterior edges of paraprocts; subgenital plate similar in appearance to abdominal sternites. In lateral view, dorsal valves of ovipositor curved deeply upwards while ventral valves of ovipositor moderately curved downwards with small tooth at anteroventral edge, thus resembling a shallow claw.</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n = 11, including holotype): Body length 9.29–12.86 (average 10.88 ± 1.03); pronotum length 2.43–2.86 (average 2.62 ± 0.11); pronotum width 1.86–2.14 (average 1.99 ± 0.10); tegmina length 1.71–2.71 (average 2.06 ± 0.26); and hind femur length 6.43–7.43 (average 7.10 ± 0.31).</p><p>Female measurements (in mm) (n = 11, including allotype): Body length 11.86–17.86 (average 15.04 ± 1.66); pronotum length 2.86–3.86 (average 3.44 ± 0.278); pronotum width 2.71–3.57 (average 3.16 ± 0.31); tegmina length 1.71–3.00 (average 2.44 ± 0.38); and hind femur length 7.57–9.71 (average 8.91 ± 0.61).</p><p>Geographic Distribution (Fig. 1): This species is currently only known from a small region of southwestern Florida across three counties: Hillsborough, Manatee, and Sarasota, all of which are along the west coast. The nearest ridge of note is Lakeland Ridge, which is ~ 48.28 km (30 miles) northeast of the most eastward location for this species. No other Puer Group sensu lato or Puer Group sensu stricto species are yet known to overlap with this species. The closest one is  M. seminole Hubbell, 1932, which is to the south and east (Fig. 1B), and strongly resembles this new species, especially the internal genitalia (Fig. 16, Table 4).</p><p>Known Habitat (Fig. 4A): Collected from sandhills habitat as well as sparse pine flatwoods habitat containing a mix of oaks ( Quercus spp.), both overgrown and scrubby, and interspersed with swaths of saw palmetto ( S. repens). All specimens collected by DAW and colleagues (Table 2) were in scrubby oaks.</p><p>Etymology:  M. spiracor sp. nov. is named after a combination of the Latin words for “coil” (spira) and “heart” (cor) because its ventral valves of aedeagus in posterior view strongly resemble a mesmerizing, spiraling version of the classic artistic heart shape (Fig. 10I).</p><p>Holotype: Male (Fig. 9A &amp; B). U.S.A.: FL: Brevard Co.: Hillsborough Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.374084&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6585" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.374084/lat 27.6585)">Little Manatee River State Park</a>, 5 miles S. of Sun City, on both sides of trail slightly NE of park entrance off of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.374084&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6585" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.374084/lat 27.6585)">Lightfoot Rd.</a>, [27.658500, -82.374083] (Figs. 2B, 4A), 27-III-2013, coll. D.A. Woller &amp; S.L. Kelly, Field #PG121-1-A, unusual habitat - resembles pine flatwoods with more oaks than pines, following up on a Hubbell lead. Deposited in the UCFC with the unique identifier UCFC 0 577 316. Measurements (mm): Body length 10.00; pronotum length 2.43; pronotum width 2.00; tegmina length 1.71; and hind femur length 6.57.</p><p>Allotype: Female (Fig. 9C &amp; D). Same locality info as holotype (Figs. 2B, 4A). Deposited in the UCFC with the unique identifier UCFC 0 577 318. Measurements (mm): Body length 13.71; pronotum length 3.29; pronotum width 2.71; tegmina length 2.29; and hind femur length 8.71.</p><p>Additional Type Material: 97 paratypes: 43 males, 35 females, 13 nymphs, 3 copulating pairs. See Table 2 for locality details and other information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1987A1FF8FFFB820E6FC1D1510E2DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Woller, Derek A.	Woller, Derek A. (2025): Three new grasshopper species in the Florida Melanoplus Puer group (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae). Zootaxa 5631 (2): 269-307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3
CE1987A1FF86FF8020E6FC03164AE1C2.text	CE1987A1FF86FF8020E6FC03164AE1C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoplus ferrarius Woller, Kelly, and Orfinger 2025	<div><p>Melanoplus ferrarius sp. nov. Woller, Kelly, and Orfinger</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2C, 4B–D, 5E &amp; F, 12–14)</p><p>General Description</p><p>A full list of unique anatomical components that separate this species from the other two new ones described here are found in Table 3. However, the primary character that separates this species from both the other new species and other congeneric species is the shape of its ventral valves of aedeagus (see Fig. 15 for a comparison of all three new species), which, in dorsal and lateral views, resembles the forceps used by village blacksmiths to extract teeth in the 17th and 18th centuries since blacksmiths were also commonly dentists (the origin of its name, see Etymology section). Described from 38 specimens total (adult male holotype, adult female allotype, and 36 paratypes): 17 males, 16 females, and 5 nymphs.</p><p>Detailed Description</p><p>Note that the descriptions for each body region below are for adults of both sexes unless otherwise noted.</p><p>General Body Coloration (Figs. 5E &amp; F, 12): Males usually light to medium brown (medium to light brown in females) with some occasional yellow mixed in, usually on legs, and often with some lateral black striping and scattered splashes of black (less-so in females), although darker variations exist; in males, integument of pronotum’s dorsum, tegmina, and anterior abdominal areas slightly darker occasionally.</p><p>Head, Pronotum, and Thorax (Figs. 5E &amp; F, 12): Antennae filiform and composed of 22 segments. Fastigium not overly pronounced, eyes very prominent and of variable coloration: usually yellow, red, brown, or a combination of these. Median carina obvious and raised slightly, intersected by three obvious sulci, one within the prozona’s posterior portion and the other two continuing on from the lateral sulci that delimit the meso/metazona. Prosternal process subconical and prominent, often extending ventrally enough to be in line with the sternum. An often-faint, thin black stripe emerges from just behind the midpoint of the eye and crosses onto the lateral sides of the pronotum where it darkens greatly and initially doubles (at least) in width, sometimes reaching the anteroventral edge, and then immediately narrows again diagonally, typically ending at approximately the same width it began. This stripe then often continues on through the metazona, although at the same width or, more narrowly, along the dorsolateral edge, and crosses over onto the pleurites, either fully or partially (splotches), and then onto the abdomen after passing behind the tegmina. In females, the overall striping is less common and less obvious in general, particularly behind the eye, but, when present, most obvious on the pronotum and often ending at the posterior edge of the mesozona. When viewed in isolation, the female’s pronotal stripe roughly resembles a right-angled trapezoid (the right angle being the anterodorsal corner of the prozona). This black stripe (now more abstract and less stripe-like) emerges again at its full width on the pleurites just beyond the pronotum, passes behind the tegmen, and extends onto the abdomen.</p><p>Abdomen, Tegmina, Legs (Figs. 5E &amp; F, 12): Both sides of abdomen’s anterior regions with the black stripe-like pattern that began on the thorax and head, typically ending at the posterior edge of tergite 2, with occasional black splashes beyond, mostly on tergites 3 and 4, and mostly on the anterior or posterior edges. In females, this pattern is less common and less obvious overall. Tegmina appear narrow, being moderately compressed dorsoventrally, and most often reaching at least the first quarter of tergite 2; covered in dense, raised reticulations. Fore and midfemora (most common) with occasional black splotches, mainly on dorsal side; hind femora quite variable, with assorted black splotches on dorsal side (almost always fewer in size and number compared to midfemora) and/or sometimes along the medial area (if present, usually more homogenous than splotchy). In females, outer ventral edge of hind femora often reddish, rarely bleeding upwards onto the medial area. Hind tibiae ventral coloration most often muted purple, but occasionally yellow.</p><p>Terminalia:</p><p>Male, external (Fig. 13 A &amp; B): Furculae short and rounded strongly at apices. Supra-anal plate triangular to subtriangular with rounded apex and shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately 1/3 to 1/2 the total length. Cerci shape approximately twice as wide at the base and tapering gently upwards towards a rounded apex, often nearly reaching the apex of the supra-anal plate or, more rarely, reaching it or even extending slightly beyond. Subgenital plate, semi-conical with a rounded apex in posterior view; pallium embedded slightly beneath inner edge.</p><p>Male, internal phallic complex (Fig. 13C–K): Overall, typical for a melanopline, particularly Puer Group sensu lato species, with the unique characters described below for the epiphallus, ectophallus, and endophallus, many of which are shared by  M. amphora sp. nov. and  M. spiracor sp. nov., with the sheath of aedeagus and ventral valves of aedeagus being the two most unique structures for each of the three species (Fig. 15, Table 3):</p><p>Epiphallus (Fig. 13J &amp; K): Ancorae subtriangular, relatively elongate, bent slightly ventrally, and curving slightly inwards; lophi prominent, subrectangular, fairly narrow (laterally compressed), and covered in raised microstructures; anterior projections generally rounded with no defined shape; posterior projections, in dorsal view, either obscured by the lophi or slightly extending beyond posterior edges of lophi.</p><p>Ectophallus (Fig. 13C–F): Apodemes of cingulum elongate and zygoma shelf-like, meaning both resemble all other Puer Group species. Rami prominent, extending posteriorly at about a 45° angle and curving inwards slightly, with final 1/3 rd bent at a 90° angle that curves slightly upwards and usually running parallel to the ventral valves of aedeagus, terminating at approximately the midpoint of the valves, and tapering to a fairly sharp apex; when viewed laterally, the ramus resembles an upside-down scythe. Sheath of aedeagus taking the form of two halves that do not meet, each consisting of an apical lobe that arises from the apical, “scythe blade” region of the rami, which extend dorsally at a 45° angle, and usually terminates with a third of its length above the dorsum of the ventral valves of aedeagus. These lobes are obvious and robust, oblong in shape, and laterally compressed moderately, with apices more bulbous and occasionally appearing to almost touch in dorsal view; covered in raised microstructures.</p><p>Endophallus (Fig. 13G–I): apodemes of endophallus large and rounded like all other Puer Group species; arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, are about 1/2 the length of ventral valves, with basal ½ more robust, and fused and fairly flat for almost entire length except for final ¼, which has a y-shaped cleft, each half terminating obviously and bluntly near the apices of the lobes of the sheath of aedeagus. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures, are twice as long as the dorsal valves, with basal third more robust, and the remaining 2/3 forming a unique rigid pattern. When viewed dorsally (with valve apices oriented north, Fig. 13 I-1), the general pattern is as follows: although quite difficult to see, each valve essentially resembles a stretched-out corkscrew that rotates at least one full 360° revolution (right valve spirals clockwise, left valve spirals counterclockwise); high magnification and steady eyes are often required, with the effect often easier to see on dried, pre-KOH-cleared specimens (Fig. 13C &amp; D). With this in mind, the valves begin simultaneously bowing outwards (obviously to strongly, but not known to go beyond the midpoint of the apices of the lobes of sheath of aedeagus) just prior to the apices of the lobes of the sheath of aedeagus, and then gently inwards again, usually almost meeting at the start of the final 1/4 th, then curving gently outwards or pointing posteriorly and terminating that way; final 1/4 th resembling curved hooks and typically crossing (or looking as if they are about to), both right over left and the inverse; overall, the dorsal shape strongly resembles the forceps used by historical village blacksmiths for tooth extraction or, perhaps, a pair of garden shears with overly long, bowed handles. When viewed laterally (Fig. 13G), the corkscrew effect is essentially invisible and the valves simply look like they curve downwards about 45° to about the midpoint of the lobes of the sheath of aedeagus, after which they bend almost 90° and extend posteriorly for a short distance, with the apices usually curved slightly ventrally; overall, the two valves are poorly parallel and both valves can often be seen to some degree up in lateral view. When viewed posteriorly, the ventral valves look the same as they do in dorsal view.</p><p>Female, external (Fig. 14 A &amp; B): Supra-anal plate subtriangular; cerci relatively small and subconical, not extending beyond posterior edges of paraprocts; subgenital plate similar in appearance to abdominal sternites. In lateral view, dorsal valves of ovipositor curved deeply upwards while ventral valves of ovipositor moderately curved downwards with small tooth at anteroventral edge, thus resembling a shallow claw.</p><p>Male measurements (in mm) (n = 14, including holotype): Body length 10.14–13.14 (average 12.13 ± 0.76); pronotum length 2.43–3.14 (average 2.92 ± 0.18); pronotum width 2.14–2.57 (average 2.31 ± 0.14); tegmina length 1.86–2.43 (average 2.19 ± 0.19); and hind femur length 7.29–8.86 (average 7.85 ± 0.49).</p><p>Female measurements (in mm) (n = 16, including allotype): Body length 14.00–20.14 (average 16.95 ± 1.67); pronotum length 3.29–4.00 (average 3.71 ± 0.17); pronotum width 3.00–3.71 (average 3.50 ± 0.19); tegmina length 1.86–3.43 (average 2.71 ± 0.40); and hind femur length 8.43–10.43 (average 9.66 ± 0.54).</p><p>Geographic Distribution (Fig. 1): This species is currently only known from a single location in southeastern Florida within Martin County: Jonathan Dickinson State Park, which is along the east coast between the middle and southern sections of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge. Within the park, this species has been collected so far from four subsites (Fig. 2C). Of the other Puer Group sensu lato species, only  M. indicifer Hubbell, 1933 (Table 1) has been collected in the same location, suggesting similar habitat preferences. No other Puer Group sensu stricto species are yet known to overlap with this species, with  M. amphora sp. nov. being the closest to the north (Fig. 1A). Despite this,  M. kissimmee (Table 1) strongly resembles this new species at first glance, particularly the internal genitalia, but there are differences (Fig. 17, Table 5).</p><p>Known Habitat (Fig. 4B–D): Collected from classic pine flatwoods, most likely south Florida slash pine ( P. elliottii var. densa) in fairly dense understory of scrubby oaks ( Quercus spp.) and wiregrass ( Aristida stricta Michx.), but with some open swaths and scattered gopher apple ( L. michauxii) patches. All specimens collected by DAW and colleagues (Table 2) were in the latter.</p><p>Etymology:  M. ferrarius sp. nov. is named after the Latin word for “blacksmith” because its ventral valves of aedeagus in both dorsal and posterior view strongly resemble the forceps used by village blacksmiths to extract teeth in the 17th and 18th centuries since blacksmiths were also commonly dentists (Fig. 13 I-2). Note that “forceps” was briefly considered for the specific name since the aedeagal shape obviously resembles the tool itself, but we decided this might be confusing since “forceps” are sometimes used as a synonym for grasshopper cerci, plus we think the chosen name sounds more interesting.</p><p>Holotype: Male (Fig. 12A and B). U.S.A.: FL: Martin Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.14028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.005278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.14028/lat 27.005278)">Jonathan Dickinson State Park</a>, just SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.14028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.005278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.14028/lat 27.005278)">Park Rd.</a> and an unnamed road, [27.005278, -80.140278] (Figs. 2C, 4B–D), 16-V-2015, coll. D.A. Woller, S.L. Kelly, &amp; A.B. Orfinger, Field #PG201-1-C, pine flatwoods (possibly  Pinus elliottii var. densa) Deposited in the UCFC with the unique identifier UCFC 0 577 327. Measurements (mm): Body length 12.71; pronotum length 2.86; pronotum width 2.14; tegmina length 1.86; and hind femur length 7.29.</p><p>Allotype: Female (Fig. 12C &amp; D). Same locality info as holotype (Figs. 2C, 4B–D). Deposited in the UCFC with the unique identifier UCFC 0 577 329. Measurements (mm): Body length 15.14; pronotum length 3.57; pronotum width 3.29; tegmina length 2.43; and hind femur length 8.71.</p><p>Additional Type Material: 36 paratypes: 16 males, 15 females, 5 nymphs. See Table 2 for locality details and other information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1987A1FF86FF8020E6FC03164AE1C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Woller, Derek A.	Woller, Derek A. (2025): Three new grasshopper species in the Florida Melanoplus Puer group (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae). Zootaxa 5631 (2): 269-307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.3
