identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F198A8DB10985B63B57DDFF66E43FEBF.text	F198A8DB10985B63B57DDFF66E43FEBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Engyprosopon grandisquama (Temminck et Schlegel 1846)	<div><p>Engyprosopon grandisquama (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)</p><p>English name: largescale flounder Chinese name: 偉鱗短額鮃 Figs 2, 3E, F; Table 1</p><p>Rhombus grandisquama Temminck et Schlegel, 1846 . — Temminck and Schlegel (1846): 183, pl. 92. (Type locality: Nagasaki, Japan)</p><p>Rhomboidichthys spilurus Günther, 1880 . — Günther (1880): 47, pl. 21. (Type locality: South, Zebu, Paoua New Guinea, depth 28 fathoms [51.2 m])</p><p>Rhomboidichthys spiniceps Macleay, 1881 . — Macleay (1881): 127 (Type locality: Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia)</p><p>Rhombus poecilurus Bleeker, 1852 . — Bleeker (1852): 293 (Type locality: Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>NMMB-P 42768, 1 female, 51.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.714724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.22/lat 22.714724)">off Ke-Tzu- Liao Fishing port</a>, ca. 22°42'53''N, 120°13'12''E, Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan, 18 May 2024, collected by C.-A. Lin .</p><p>Comparative specimens.</p><p>As listed in Amaoka and Ho (2018).</p><p>Description of reversed individual.</p><p>Counts and proportional measurements as shown in Table 1.</p><p>Body ovoid, deepest near middle, its depth slightly deeper than half of SL. Head small, its length less than half of body depth; anterior margin of head somewhat steep with a slight concave before upper margin of upper eye. Snout length much shorter than eye diameter; no spine on near tip of snout. Eyes rather large, anterior margin of upper eye very close to dorsal edge of body; both eyes separated by deep and somewhat wide space, interorbital width narrower, approximately half of eye diameter.</p><p>Mouth small, maxillary extending below anterior margin of lower eye. Teeth on upper jaw two rows, outer row stronger and wider in interval than those of inner row; teeth on lower jaw strong and close-set in single row.</p><p>Gill rakers short, rounded at tip, without serration on posterior margin, no gill rakers on upper limb.</p><p>Scales on ocular side ctenoid with short spines along posterior margin, those on blind side cycloid. Pectoral fin on ocular side short, shorter than head of ocular side; that on blind side very small, shorter than approximately half of head on blind side. Origin of pelvic fin on ocular side below middle of lower eye, width of fin-base very wide; that on blind side originating at fourth ray on ocular side, and narrow base. Caudal fin rounded, upper and lower three rays simple and others branched. Anus on blind side before origin of anal fin, genital papilla on ocular side opposite side of anus.</p><p>Caudal skeleton with deeply branched parhypural and three hypurals. Suborbital bones three on blind side, but absent on ocular side. Liver situated on ocular side, and a large part of the stomach on blind side (Fig. 3 E, F).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>When preserved, body and fins on ocular side light greenish grey, that on blind side whiteish.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The specimen was identified as a reversed individual of Engyprosopon grandisquama based on having a pair of black blotches on the caudal fin, 40 lateral-line scales, 0 + 7 gill rakers, body depth 1.77 in SL, and interorbital width 6.81 in HL (Amaoka and Ho 2018; Su et al. 2025). The meristic and morphometric data of the reversed specimen also agree with those of normal specimens (Table 1), except that the reversed specimen possesses a slightly smaller interorbital width (6.81 vs. 4.57–5.31 in HL in normal specimens).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F198A8DB10985B63B57DDFF66E43FEBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Amaoka, Kunio;Hо, Hsuan-Ching;Su, Yo	Amaoka, Kunio, Hо, Hsuan-Ching, Su, Yo (2026): First records of two reversed flatfishes, Engyprosopon maldivense and Engyprosopon grandisquama (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes, Bothidae), from Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 56: 431-439, DOI: 10.3897/aiep.56.207218
8FF2650A34C15CE7AC9E7D646AE7A9FD.text	8FF2650A34C15CE7AC9E7D646AE7A9FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Engyprosopon maldivense (Regan 1908)	<div><p>Engyprosopon maldivense (Regan, 1908)</p><p>English name: olive wide-eyed flounder Chinese name: 馬爾地夫短額鮃 Figs 1, 3 C, D; Table 1</p><p>Scaeops maldivensis Regan, 1908 . — Regan (1908): 234, pl. 25. (Type locality: Maldives, Indian Ocean, depth 27–44 fathoms [49.3–80.5 m])</p><p>Arnoglossus maculipinnis Fowler, 1934 . — Fowler (1934): 329, fig. 84 (Type locality: Vicinity of Jolo, Sulu Province, the Philippines, 6°08'45''N, 121°03'E, depth 20–76 fathoms [36.6–139.0 m])</p><p>Engyprosopon borneensis Chabanaud, 1948 . — Chabanaud (1948): 64, figs 1, 2 (Type locality: Northeast of Datoe [Datoae] Point, north coast of Borneo, Malaysia)</p><p>Engyprosopon macroptera Amaoka, 1963 . — Amaoka (1963): 115, fig. 5 (Type locality: off Mimase, Kochi Prefecture, Japan)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>NMMB-P 42769, 1 male, 82.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.714724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.22/lat 22.714724)">off Ke-Tzu- Liao Fishing port</a>, ca. 22°42'53''N, 120°13'12''E, Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan, 3 Feb. 2024, collected by Y. Su .</p><p>Comparative specimens.</p><p>As listed in Amaoka and Ho (2018).</p><p>Description of reversed individual.</p><p>Counts and proportional measurements as shown in Table 1.</p><p>Abbreviations: B, blind side; F, female; HL, head length; M, male; O, ocular side; SL, standard length.</p><p>Body ovoid, deepest slightly before middle, its depth approximately half of SL. Head small, its length less than half of body depth; anterior margin of head about vertical with slight concave before upper margin of upper eye. Snout length shorter than eye diameter; short spine on near tip of snout. Eyes rather large, anterior margin of upper eye attached to body margin; both eyes separated by deep and wide space, interorbital width wider than eye diameter.</p><p>Mouth large, maxillary extending below middle of lower eye; synthesis of lower jaw with extremely small process at ventral tip. Teeth on upper jaw in two rows, outer row stronger and wider in interval than those of inner row; some anterior teeth canine-like; teeth on lower jaw strong and single row.</p><p>Gill rakers elongate and sharply tipped, without serration on posterior margin, no gill rakers on upper limb.</p><p>Scales on ocular side ctenoid with short spines along posterior margin, those on blind side cycloid. Pectoral fin on ocular side elongate, filamentous, longer than head; that on blind side very small, shorter than approximately 1 / 3 of that on ocular side. Origin of pelvic fin on ocular side below middle of lower eye, width of fin-base very wide; that on blind side originating between fourth and fifth rays on ocular side, and narrow base.</p><p>Caudal fin rounded, upper and lower three rays simple and others branched. Anus on blind side before origin of anal fin, genital papilla on ocular side opposite side of anus.</p><p>Caudal skeleton with deeply branched parhypural and three hypurals. Suborbital bones three on blind side, but absent on ocular side. Liver situated on ocular side, and a large part of the stomach on blind side (Fig. 3 C, D).</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>When fresh, body somewhat yellow, with scale pockets dark. Yellow spots scattered on upper margin of eyes, snout, and anterior dorsal-fin base. When preserved, body and fins on ocular side light greyish green, that on blind side yellowish white stained with dark.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The specimen was identified as a reversed individual of E. maldivense based on having no blotches on the caudal fin, no serrations on the inner gill rakers, biserial upper-jaw teeth, a wide interorbital width (2.72 in HL), 44 lateral-line scales, 0 + 9 gill rakers, and eyes positioned away from the anterior margin of the head (Amaoka and Ho 2018; Su et al. 2025). The meristic and morphometric data of the reversed (dextral) specimen generally agree with those of normal (sinistral) specimens (Table 1), except that the reversed specimen possesses a slightly larger lower eye (2.95 vs. 3.04–4.16 in HL in normal specimens), a slightly smaller interorbital width (2.72 vs. 1.65–2.31 in HL), a slightly larger blind-side upper jaw (2.48 vs. 2.56–2.78 in HL), a slightly larger blind-side lower jaw (1.94 vs. 1.99–2.18 in HL), and a slightly larger blind-side pelvic-fin base (5.26 vs. 5.52–7.25 in HL).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FF2650A34C15CE7AC9E7D646AE7A9FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Amaoka, Kunio;Hо, Hsuan-Ching;Su, Yo	Amaoka, Kunio, Hо, Hsuan-Ching, Su, Yo (2026): First records of two reversed flatfishes, Engyprosopon maldivense and Engyprosopon grandisquama (Actinopterygii, Pleuronectiformes, Bothidae), from Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 56: 431-439, DOI: 10.3897/aiep.56.207218
