identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CF3187E5110FFFB3FF020144FD55BD2F.text	CF3187E5110FFFB3FF020144FD55BD2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis Leme, J. L. Lobo, O. B. C. Ribeiro & A. P. Gelli 2025	<div><p>Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis Leme, J.L.Lobo, O.B.C.Ribeiro &amp; A.P.Gelli, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A–L, 5 A–F).</p><p>Diagnosis:— Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis is morphologically closely related to H. knegtianus O.B.C Ribeiro &amp; Leme (Leme et al. 2020: 177), differing from it by the less numerous leaves (13–15 vs. 18–32 in number), leaf blades with longer spines (1–1.5 mm vs. 0.5–1 mm), which are reddish (vs. green to yellowish), inflorescence inconspicuously compound, appearing simple (vs. distinctly compound), with primary fascicles bearing 1 to 2 flowers (vs. 2-to 4-flowered), floral bracts smaller (7 × 3.5–4 mm vs. ca. 13 × 7 mm), distinctly shorter than the sepals (vs. about equal to the sepals), and smaller sepals (6–6.5 × 1.5 mm vs. 9–9.5 × 3 mm).</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Congonhas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.858997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.44597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.858997/lat -20.44597)">Serra do Pires</a>, 20°26’45.5”S 43°51’32.4”W, 29 April 2021, J.L. Lobo &amp; L. Marques s.n., fl., fr. cult. E. Leme 10355 (holotype: RB!) .</p><p>Plants stemless, flowering ca. 2 cm tall, propagating by short basal shoots. Leaves 13–15 in number, subspreading, forming a subdense rosette 10–15 cm in diameter; sheath subtrapeziform to broadly elliptic, 0.9–1 × 1.2 cm, whitish toward the base on both sides, abaxially dark red to wine colored, densely and coarsely white lepidote toward the distal end, distinctly nerved, corrugate, adaxially glabrous, greenish except for the dark red distal margins, laxly spinulose; blade narrowly triangular-lanceolate, attenuate-caudate, 5–12 cm long, 3.5–5 mm wide near the proximal part, green except for the dark reddish margins, coriaceous mainly toward the base, canaliculate mainly under water stress, abaxially distinctly nerved, densely white lepidote, trichomes along the nerves not obscuring the leaf color, adaxially glabrous or glabrescent, margins subdensely spinose; spines 1–1.5 mm long, 2–6 mm apart, reddish, subspreading, straight to slightly antrorse. Inflorescence sessile, inconspicuously compound, subcorymbose, ca. 1.5 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter (not including the primary bracts); primary bracts resembling the leaves, subspreading, green; primary fascicles inconspicuous, positioned at the base of the inflorescence, with 1 to 2 flowers; floral bracts narrowly triangular, apex broadly acute and apiculate, 7 × 3.5–4 mm, membranaceous, greenish toward the apex, hyaline toward the margins, carinate, irregularly spinulose near the apex, distinctly nerved, subdensely and coarsely white lepidote near the apex to glabrescent, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Flowers all perfect, 24–26 mm long (with the petals extended), fragrant, sessile to inconspicuously pedicellate, with pedicel ca. 1 mm long; sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute and apiculate, 6–6.5 × 1.5 mm, obtusely if at all carinate, shortly connate at the base for 2–3.5 mm, entire, white lepidote near the apex, white-hyaline near the base and along the margins, centrally green toward the apex; petals spathulate, 22–23 × 6–6.5 mm, shortly connate at the base for 1–1.5 mm into a common tube with the filaments and style, white, without distinct callosities, apex rounded, distinctly longer than the stamens but subspreading at anthesis and exposing them, forming an open, fan-like corolla; filaments ca. 13 mm long, adnate to the petals for 1–1.5 mm and forming an inconspicuous basal concrescence with the style; anthers ca. 2 mm long, dorsifixed near the base, base distinctly bilobed, apex apiculate; pollen microreticulate (lumina width &lt;1 µm), medium-sized, about 45–55 μm in diameter (longest axis), oblate and amb elliptical (turgescent pollen), microreticulum heterobrochate with narrow muri, lumina small, width decreasing towards sulcus margins, sulcus wide, occupying the entire distal pole, ornamented with small isolate exine elements (insulae-type), sulcus margin with substantial exine deposition, ornamentation and germination area predominantly in the central region of the sulcus; ovary trigonous, 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm, white, glabrous; epigynous tube lacking; ovules obtuse; placentation apical; stigma cylindric-distent, white, blades ca. 2 mm long, cylindraceous toward the base, suberect to subspreading-recurved, the slightly expanded distal portion inconspicuously papillate. Fruits subglobose, ca. 5 × 4 mm, greenish-white, with persistent green sepals. Seeds subtriangular, 1–1.2 × 0.7–1 mm, castaneous, distinctly sulcate.</p><p>Distribution and habitat:—At present, Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis is only known from the type locality. The individuals grow as saxicolous or epilithic plants, exclusively on itabirite boulders (Fig. 3 C). The large banded itabirite blocks are randomly dispersed throughout the region and are home to many endemic species in the Pires Range (Fig. 3 A–D). The hematite present in this type of rock is an iron ore highly valued by the mining industry.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the location where tshis new species was discovered, in the Serra Range, situated in Congonhas, Minas Gerais state, one of this municipalitynot entirely affected by mining activities.</p><p>Distinctive characters: — Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis is morphologically closely related to H. knegtianus due to their sharing small and delicate size, the very narrow leaf blades which are, at least toward the apex, glabrescent to glabrous adaxially (Fig. 4 A–G). However, this new species differs from it by the less numerous leaves (13–15 vs. 18–32), leaf blades with longer spines (1–1.5 mm vs. 0.5–1 mm), which are reddish (vs. green to yellowish), and slightly antrorse (v s. the basal ones slightly retrorse). The inflorescence of this new species is inconspicuously compound, appearing simple (vs. distinctly compound) with primary fascicles bearing 1 to 2 flowers (vs. 2–4-flowered). Floral bracts are smaller (7 × 3.5–4 mm vs. ca. 13 × 7 mm), distinctly shorter than the sepals (vs. about equalling the sepals). Additionally, the sepals of H. serrapiresensis are distinctly smaller (6–6.5 × 1.5 mm vs. 9–9.5 × 3 mm) and distinctly connate at the base for 2–2.5 mm (vs. shortly connate).</p><p>Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis also resembles H. tiradentesensis (Leme, 2007: 268) Leme, S. Heller &amp; Zizka (2017: 65) by presenting a similar number of leaves per rosette, narrow leaf blades with pronounced red spines, and the floral bracts shorter than the sepals (Fig. 4 H). Nonetheless, this new species can be easily distinguished from H. tiradentesensis by the smaller leaf blades (5–12 cm × 3.5–5 mm vs. 9–15 cm × 9–11 mm), adaxially glabrous or glabrescent (vs. subdensely to densely white lepidote), inflorescence inconspicuously compound, appearing simples (vs. distinctly compound) with basal primary fascicles bearing 1 to 2 flowers (vs. 2 to 4-flowered), shorter sepals (6–6.5 mm vs. 8–10 mm), which are shortly connate at the base for 2–2.5 mm (vs. 3–4 mm).</p><p>Conservation status:—Plotting the known occurrence of Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis in Geocat software (Bachman et al. 2011), the obtained estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 0.002 km ², and the area of occupancy (AOO) is 8 km ². The presence of mining is striking, with visible signs of activity extending to the limits of the study area (Fig. 3 D), which places the species in the IUCN concept of Critically Endangered (CR) B1 [ab (i, ii, iii)]. We also estimate that the population of H. serrapiresensis has less than 50 mature individuals. When its very small and restricted population and small area of occurrence are associated with the highly negative human pressure mentioned above, the criteria D (IUCN 2024) reiterates its CR status. Since the Pires Range is not protected by Conservation Units, the in-situ survival of this species is uncertain, recommending extra conservation efforts to keep it alive at least ex-situ.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Congonhas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.85264&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.44536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.85264/lat -20.44536)">Serra do Pires</a>, 20°26’43.3”S 43°51’09.5”W, 1196 m, 26 January 2023, fl., J. L. Lobo 020 (CESJ!) ; Congonhas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.85925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.445082" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.85925/lat -20.445082)">Serra do Pires</a>, 20°26’42.3”S 43°51’33.3”W, 1280 m, 16 December 2023, fl., J.L. Lobo 939 (CESJ!) .</p><p>General remarks: — Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis presents a specialized ecological niche usually growing in organic material accumulated in crevices in itabirite rocks associated with the Velloziaceae species Barbacenia tomentosa Martius (1824: 18) . As observed in other Bromeliaceae species of the Cryptanthoid complex with similar habitat preferences and small seeds, including its close morphological relatives, its dispersal may be associated with termite foraging activity.</p><p>Pollen in Hoplocryptanthus serrapiresensis has the characteristics described for the genus by Leme et al. (2017), especially its size (ca. 50 µm), ornamentation with small lumina (here, microreticulate ornamentation), and the insulae sulcus type (Fig. 5 A–F). It is important to mention that Leme et al. (2017) described the aperture margin in Hoplocryptanthus as indistinct. However, a better definition of the typologies of pollen grain aperture margins in Bromeliaceae is necessary. Certainly, the aperture margin of H. serrapiresensis and many species belonging to the Cryptanthoid complex do not fit into any of the typologies proposed by Halbritter (1992). Here, we observed a distinct margin, described as broad and ornamented. The aperture margin is considered the region of the apertural area where exine deposition decreases and the microreticulum mesh is interrupted, with its boundary defined by the more centralized germination area at the distal pole.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF3187E5110FFFB3FF020144FD55BD2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	De Castro, João Luís L. M.;Ribeiro, Otávio B. C.;Leme, Elton M. C.;De Almeida, Pedro S.;De Faria, Ana Paula G.	De Castro, João Luís L. M., Ribeiro, Otávio B. C., Leme, Elton M. C., De Almeida, Pedro S., De Faria, Ana Paula G. (2025): Doomed to extinction by mining: a new species of Hoplocryptanthus (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) from Congonhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa 732 (1): 57-66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.732.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.732.1.5
