identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F02CA4CB0B0F5C5CB137C22D4E1F4931.text	F02CA4CB0B0F5C5CB137C22D4E1F4931.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enoplognatha minuscula , Wunderlich 2023	<div><p>Enoplognatha minuscula Wunderlich, 2023</p><p>Figs 17, 18</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Portugal • ♂; J. Wunderlich leg.; R 224 / CJW; ZMH -ARA-A 00020713.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Palp. Our SEM images of the holotype palp (Figs 17, 18) clearly show that the setae in question originate from the cymbium, not from the subtegulum or tegulum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F02CA4CB0B0F5C5CB137C22D4E1F4931	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Dupérré, Nadine;Hormiga, Gustavo;Michalik, Peter	Lopardo, Lara, Dupérré, Nadine, Hormiga, Gustavo, Michalik, Peter (2026): Taxonomic reassessment and rejection of the spider family Fonteferreidae Wunderlich, 2023 (Araneae). ZooKeys 1278: 95-109, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1278.181771
F8F0D24F5B095D63A87A499F5A19B7F0.text	F8F0D24F5B095D63A87A499F5A19B7F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fonteferrea minutissima Wunderlich 2023	<div><p>Fonteferrea minutissima Wunderlich, 2023</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Portugal • ♂; N of Sao Bras de Alportel, Fonteferrea; J. Wunderlich leg.; R 244 / CJW; ZMH -ARA-A 00020712.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Palp. High-resolution light microscopy and images (Figs 1–3, 5 – 9) confirm that the palp of the holotype of F. minutissima is not “ simple, ” as originally described, but rather undeveloped and lacking external reproductive structures, features consistent with a subadult male. The undeveloped palp is covered in setae and exhibits internal components characteristic of a developing male palp (Fig. 7; see Quade et al. 2019). These internal structures are visible only under backlight illumination using a compound microscope. In contrast, under stereomicroscopy, the palp appears completely transparent and no structures are discernible, again consistent with observations of subadult males.</p><p>Consistent with its subadult stage, the palp of F. minutissima lacks an embolus or any other external reproductive structures. Habitus images taken prior to dissection show no evidence of a sclerotized palpal structure (e. g. an embolus; Figs 1–3, 5, 6). The palp, otherwise undamaged, is covered only with setae and shows no indication of a break point or a missing embolus.</p><p>Somatic morphology. Due to its extremely small size, the somatic morphology of the holotype is difficult to discern, even under high-resolution microscopy and SEM. As the male palpal features are not available since the specimen is a subadult (see above), a thorough evaluation of the somatic morphological traits is essential to assess the taxonomic status of Fonteferreidae as a distinct family (features described by Wunderlich 2023 in italics):</p><p>Raised prosoma. The prosoma is not conspicuously elevated (Figs 3, 5, 6).</p><p>Short clypeus. The clypeus is short (i. e. the anterior median eyes are relatively close to the clypeal margin; Fig. 10).</p><p>Opisthosoma quite high, higher than long. This feature refers to the relative position of the pedicel and the resulting orientation of the abdomen, in which the spinnerets are directed ventrally (Figs 4, 6).</p><p>Eight eyes. This is a symplesiomorphy in spiders.</p><p>Bristles on legs. Such “ bristles ” (macrosetae) are present across all legs and on the abdomen.</p><p>Legs distinctly annulated. The legs exhibit an annulated coloration pattern (e. g. Fig. 5).</p><p>Body length 0.75 mm. Our measurements indicate a body length of 0.81 mm.</p><p>In addition to the allegedly diagnostic characters mentioned above, several other features were proposed in support of Fonteferreidae, mainly to justify its exclusion from closely related families (Wunderlich 2023). Among these features, we confirm the absence of sternal pits, clasping spines, cheliceral stridulatory organs, a constriction between tarsi and metatarsi, and a cheliceral keel. The remaining diagnostic features, including the absence of lateral tibial bristles, the absence of long trichobothria on femora and tibiae III – IV, and the absence of a tarsal comb on leg IV, could not be evaluated due to the minute size of the specimen, the use of a non-destructive SEM protocol (without metal coating), and the presence of debris in the specimen obscuring morphological structures.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8F0D24F5B095D63A87A499F5A19B7F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Dupérré, Nadine;Hormiga, Gustavo;Michalik, Peter	Lopardo, Lara, Dupérré, Nadine, Hormiga, Gustavo, Michalik, Peter (2026): Taxonomic reassessment and rejection of the spider family Fonteferreidae Wunderlich, 2023 (Araneae). ZooKeys 1278: 95-109, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1278.181771
