taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
2791B92FE8DC53B995AFC3D593B5D87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2791B92FE8DC53B995AFC3D593B5D87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2791B92FE8DC53B995AFC3D593B5D87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2791B92FE8DC53B995AFC3D593B5D87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722153	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure30	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2791B92FE8DC53B995AFC3D593B5D87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722154	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure31	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2791B92FE8DC53B995AFC3D593B5D87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722169	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure46	Figure 46. Rhombophryne anatiala sp. nov. adult female paratype MRSN A 4544 (FAZC 10314) in life from Menamalona (Masoala Peninsula). Shown in A dorsolateral and B ventral view.	Figure 46. Rhombophryne anatiala sp. nov. adult female paratype MRSN A 4544 (FAZC 10314) in life from Menamalona (Masoala Peninsula). Shown in A dorsolateral and B ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2791B92FE8DC53B995AFC3D593B5D87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722170	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure47	Figure 47. Skeleton of Rhombophryne anatiala sp. nov. holotype MRSN A 2696 (RJS 0597). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I left hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include dense soil and small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 47. Skeleton of Rhombophryne anatiala sp. nov. holotype MRSN A 2696 (RJS 0597). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I left hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include dense soil and small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722153	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure30	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722154	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure31	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722159	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure36	Figure 36. Rhombophryne botabota in life. Not to scale. All photographed in high elevation primary rainforest within Marojejy National Park. A – C adult ZSM 524 / 2016 (ZCMV 15279) in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – F adult ZSM 514 / 2016 (ZCMV 15160) in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, and F ventral view; G – I adult ZSM 523 / 2016 (ZCMV 15216) in G dorsolateral, H dorsal, and I ventral view; J, K juvenile ZSM 515 / 2016 (ZCMV 15241) in J dorsal, and K ventral view; L – N juvenile UADBA - A- ZCMV 15158 in L dorsolateral, M dorsal, and N ventral view; O – Q juvenile ZSM 513 / 2016 (ZCMV 15159) in O dorsolateral, P dorsal, and Q ventral view.	Figure 36. Rhombophryne botabota in life. Not to scale. All photographed in high elevation primary rainforest within Marojejy National Park. A – C adult ZSM 524 / 2016 (ZCMV 15279) in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – F adult ZSM 514 / 2016 (ZCMV 15160) in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, and F ventral view; G – I adult ZSM 523 / 2016 (ZCMV 15216) in G dorsolateral, H dorsal, and I ventral view; J, K juvenile ZSM 515 / 2016 (ZCMV 15241) in J dorsal, and K ventral view; L – N juvenile UADBA - A- ZCMV 15158 in L dorsolateral, M dorsal, and N ventral view; O – Q juvenile ZSM 513 / 2016 (ZCMV 15159) in O dorsolateral, P dorsal, and Q ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722161	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure38	Figure 38. Advertisement calls assigned to R. botabota, recorded at Angozongahy, Makira, in 2009. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 10,000 ms time scale showing pattern of call repetition (four calls). Recording high-pass filtered at 550 Hz.	Figure 38. Advertisement calls assigned to R. botabota, recorded at Angozongahy, Makira, in 2009. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 10,000 ms time scale showing pattern of call repetition (four calls). Recording high-pass filtered at 550 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
99EB634C94B15AF6AE376825A2250205.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722160	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure37	Figure 37. Skeleton of Rhombophryne botabota holotype ZSM 358 / 2005 (FGZC 2896). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 37. Skeleton of Rhombophryne botabota holotype ZSM 358 / 2005 (FGZC 2896). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722194	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure71	Figure 71. Comparison of Rhombophryne coronata and R. sp. Ca 13. A R. coronata paratype ZSM 694 / 2001 (FGMV 2001.199) from Mandraka; B R. sp. Ca 13 specimen KU 340732 (CRH 457) from Vohidrazana Private Reserve. Not to scale.	Figure 71. Comparison of Rhombophryne coronata and R. sp. Ca 13. A R. coronata paratype ZSM 694 / 2001 (FGMV 2001.199) from Mandraka; B R. sp. Ca 13 specimen KU 340732 (CRH 457) from Vohidrazana Private Reserve. Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722195	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure72	Figure 72. Skeleton of Rhombophryne coronata holotype ZFMK 57459. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 72. Skeleton of Rhombophryne coronata holotype ZFMK 57459. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722197	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure74	Figure 74. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne coronata (presumably holotype ZFMK 57459), recorded at Ankeniheny in 1994. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of three advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing nine calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 500 Hz.	Figure 74. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne coronata (presumably holotype ZFMK 57459), recorded at Ankeniheny in 1994. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of three advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing nine calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 500 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4167246972065DB8ABD633B37DF6B936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722124	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure1	Figure 1. The morphometric scheme used herein. See Morphological measurements section of Materials and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Not shown: FARL (= LAL + HAL), FORL (= UAL + FARL), HIL (= THIL + TIBL + TARL + FOL), FOTL (= TARL + FOL).	Figure 1. The morphometric scheme used herein. See Morphological measurements section of Materials and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Not shown: FARL (= LAL + HAL), FORL (= UAL + FARL), HIL (= THIL + TIBL + TARL + FOL), FOTL (= TARL + FOL).	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
23EF76B41D1357FD8C57FDD5E4326341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
23EF76B41D1357FD8C57FDD5E4326341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
23EF76B41D1357FD8C57FDD5E4326341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722132	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure9	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
23EF76B41D1357FD8C57FDD5E4326341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722136	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure13	Figure 13. Rhombophryne coudreaui in life, all photographed in Betampona. A – C unsexed adult MRSN A 6280 (FAZC 13600) in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view. D – G unsexed adult MRSN A 6271 (FAZC 13653) in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, F ventral, and G anterior view. H unsexed individual (assignment to a specimen uncertain) in dorsolateral view.	Figure 13. Rhombophryne coudreaui in life, all photographed in Betampona. A – C unsexed adult MRSN A 6280 (FAZC 13600) in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view. D – G unsexed adult MRSN A 6271 (FAZC 13653) in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, F ventral, and G anterior view. H unsexed individual (assignment to a specimen uncertain) in dorsolateral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
23EF76B41D1357FD8C57FDD5E4326341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722137	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure14	Figure 14. Skeleton of Rhombophryne coudreaui holotype MNHN 1937.19. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H left foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 14. Skeleton of Rhombophryne coudreaui holotype MNHN 1937.19. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H left foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
23EF76B41D1357FD8C57FDD5E4326341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722131	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure8	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
D8B31A62B11457C2BF04E51BC1588E3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
D8B31A62B11457C2BF04E51BC1588E3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
D8B31A62B11457C2BF04E51BC1588E3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
D8B31A62B11457C2BF04E51BC1588E3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
D8B31A62B11457C2BF04E51BC1588E3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
5E6BE6897A795CEA85BDC3D3E31FC2D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A5568CCC911C5136BC397755C1AC9A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A5568CCC911C5136BC397755C1AC9A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A5568CCC911C5136BC397755C1AC9A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A5568CCC911C5136BC397755C1AC9A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722173	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure50	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A5568CCC911C5136BC397755C1AC9A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722176	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure53	Figure 53. Skeleton of Rhombophryne ellae holotype ZSM 76 / 2018 (MSZC 0534). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 53. Skeleton of Rhombophryne ellae holotype ZSM 76 / 2018 (MSZC 0534). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A5568CCC911C5136BC397755C1AC9A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722174	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure51	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A5568CCC911C5136BC397755C1AC9A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722175	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure52	Figure 52. Rhombophryne ellae in life. Photographed in rainforest in Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A – D adult female holotype ZSM 76 / 2018 (MSZC 0534) from Montagne d’Ambre in A posterior, B dorsal, C ventral, and D dorsolateral view; E, F unsexed adult ZSM 903 / 2003 (FGMV 2002.0918), a specimen referred to R. ellae based on morphology and colour, in E dorsolateral and F ventral view. Notice the inguinal spot with a thin white outline visible in A and D and the vibrant orange of the posterior thighs in A that is totally hidden when the legs are folded as in B and D.	Figure 52. Rhombophryne ellae in life. Photographed in rainforest in Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A – D adult female holotype ZSM 76 / 2018 (MSZC 0534) from Montagne d’Ambre in A posterior, B dorsal, C ventral, and D dorsolateral view; E, F unsexed adult ZSM 903 / 2003 (FGMV 2002.0918), a specimen referred to R. ellae based on morphology and colour, in E dorsolateral and F ventral view. Notice the inguinal spot with a thin white outline visible in A and D and the vibrant orange of the posterior thighs in A that is totally hidden when the legs are folded as in B and D.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
0D2454BCF93050B0A9FF9DA503FC166A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
0D2454BCF93050B0A9FF9DA503FC166A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
0D2454BCF93050B0A9FF9DA503FC166A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
0D2454BCF93050B0A9FF9DA503FC166A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
0D2454BCF93050B0A9FF9DA503FC166A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722128	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure5	Figure 5. Dimensionality reduction ordinations of Rhombophryne morphometrics, coloured by species group. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with weightings of the two shown principal components (PCs) given as bar plots beside the axes. B Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with scaling weights of the two shown Linear Discriminants (LDs) given as bar plots beside the axes. For morphometric abbreviations, see Materials and Methods. Data were filtered to include only adults and remove all individuals with missing data. All described species are included. See Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247222), for the morphometric input data.	Figure 5. Dimensionality reduction ordinations of Rhombophryne morphometrics, coloured by species group. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with weightings of the two shown principal components (PCs) given as bar plots beside the axes. B Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with scaling weights of the two shown Linear Discriminants (LDs) given as bar plots beside the axes. For morphometric abbreviations, see Materials and Methods. Data were filtered to include only adults and remove all individuals with missing data. All described species are included. See Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247222), for the morphometric input data.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722173	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure50	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722174	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure51	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722179	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure56	Figure 56. Rhombophryne kilonjy sp. nov. adult female holotype MRSN A 4627 (FAZC 10505) from Berara, Sahamalaza Peninsula. Shown in A dorsolateral and B ventral view.	Figure 56. Rhombophryne kilonjy sp. nov. adult female holotype MRSN A 4627 (FAZC 10505) from Berara, Sahamalaza Peninsula. Shown in A dorsolateral and B ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722180	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure57	Figure 57. Skeleton of Rhombophryne kilonjy sp. nov. holotype MRSN A 4627 (FAZC 10505). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 57. Skeleton of Rhombophryne kilonjy sp. nov. holotype MRSN A 4627 (FAZC 10505). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722175	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure52	Figure 52. Rhombophryne ellae in life. Photographed in rainforest in Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A – D adult female holotype ZSM 76 / 2018 (MSZC 0534) from Montagne d’Ambre in A posterior, B dorsal, C ventral, and D dorsolateral view; E, F unsexed adult ZSM 903 / 2003 (FGMV 2002.0918), a specimen referred to R. ellae based on morphology and colour, in E dorsolateral and F ventral view. Notice the inguinal spot with a thin white outline visible in A and D and the vibrant orange of the posterior thighs in A that is totally hidden when the legs are folded as in B and D.	Figure 52. Rhombophryne ellae in life. Photographed in rainforest in Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A – D adult female holotype ZSM 76 / 2018 (MSZC 0534) from Montagne d’Ambre in A posterior, B dorsal, C ventral, and D dorsolateral view; E, F unsexed adult ZSM 903 / 2003 (FGMV 2002.0918), a specimen referred to R. ellae based on morphology and colour, in E dorsolateral and F ventral view. Notice the inguinal spot with a thin white outline visible in A and D and the vibrant orange of the posterior thighs in A that is totally hidden when the legs are folded as in B and D.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8CEE2CFB49A452838467D502DA4CAB66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722181	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure58	Figure 58. Rhombophryne proportionalis adult male holotype ZSM 1826 / 2010 (ZCMV 12404) from Bepia, Tsaratànana Massif, in life. Shown in A lateral, B dorsolateral, and C ventral view.	Figure 58. Rhombophryne proportionalis adult male holotype ZSM 1826 / 2010 (ZCMV 12404) from Bepia, Tsaratànana Massif, in life. Shown in A lateral, B dorsolateral, and C ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A3AD2B8B74CD5649B0423A095D57DEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A3AD2B8B74CD5649B0423A095D57DEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A3AD2B8B74CD5649B0423A095D57DEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A3AD2B8B74CD5649B0423A095D57DEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722153	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure30	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A3AD2B8B74CD5649B0423A095D57DEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722154	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure31	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A3AD2B8B74CD5649B0423A095D57DEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722171	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure48	Figure 48. Rhombophryne kotrobaratra sp. nov. in life. A – C adult male paratype MRSN A 2610 (FAZC 1031), from Menamalona, Masoala Peninsula, in A dorsolateral, B ventral, and C dorsal view with left leg stretched. D An uncollected individual referrable to R. kotrobaratra sp. nov. in dorsolateral view, photographed by Éric Mathieu near ‘ Camp 2 ’ in Marojejy National Park, ca 600–700 m a. s. l. E, F adult female paratype MRSN A 1845 (FN 6310), from Antsarahan’ny Tsararano, in E dorsolateral and F ventral view. Notice the reddish orange colouration on the legs in life in C and D.	Figure 48. Rhombophryne kotrobaratra sp. nov. in life. A – C adult male paratype MRSN A 2610 (FAZC 1031), from Menamalona, Masoala Peninsula, in A dorsolateral, B ventral, and C dorsal view with left leg stretched. D An uncollected individual referrable to R. kotrobaratra sp. nov. in dorsolateral view, photographed by Éric Mathieu near ‘ Camp 2 ’ in Marojejy National Park, ca 600–700 m a. s. l. E, F adult female paratype MRSN A 1845 (FN 6310), from Antsarahan’ny Tsararano, in E dorsolateral and F ventral view. Notice the reddish orange colouration on the legs in life in C and D.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
A3AD2B8B74CD5649B0423A095D57DEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722172	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure49	Figure 49. Skeleton of Rhombophryne kotrobaratra sp. nov. paratype MRSN A 2609 (FN 7519). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I left hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 49. Skeleton of Rhombophryne kotrobaratra sp. nov. paratype MRSN A 2609 (FN 7519). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I left hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
90686EC754335D9090B4A8DC8D59D299.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722153	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure30	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722158	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure35	Figure 35. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne laevipes, recorded on Montagne d’Ambre in 2017. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 8000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing three calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 110 Hz.	Figure 35. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne laevipes, recorded on Montagne d’Ambre in 2017. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 8000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing three calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 110 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722154	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure31	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722157	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure34	Figure 34. Skeleton of Rhombophryne laevipes holotype MNHN 1893.285. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include soil and small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 34. Skeleton of Rhombophryne laevipes holotype MNHN 1893.285. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include soil and small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722155	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure32	Figure 32. Rhombophryne laevipes in life. Not to scale. All photographed in Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A – C adult male ZSM 77 / 2018 (MSZC 0648) in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – F subadult UADBA - A 62340 (MSZC 0526) in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, and F ventral view; G – I juvenile UADBA - A 62493 (MSZC 0654) in G dorsolateral, H dorsal, and I ventral view.	Figure 32. Rhombophryne laevipes in life. Not to scale. All photographed in Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A – C adult male ZSM 77 / 2018 (MSZC 0648) in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – F subadult UADBA - A 62340 (MSZC 0526) in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, and F ventral view; G – I juvenile UADBA - A 62493 (MSZC 0654) in G dorsolateral, H dorsal, and I ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2EE70DCAA0BD58B188B233A576C2C2BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722156	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure33	Figure 33. Rhombophryne laevipes in life. A – C adult male ZSM 77 / 2018 (MSZC 0648) from Montagne d’Ambre in A dorsolateral and B dorsal view, and C in the process of pushing its way beneath a mossy log; D, E adult putative female from Montagne d’Ambre, photographed in 2004, in D dorsolateral and E ventral view; F unsexed adult from Montagne d’Ambre, in dorsolateral view, photographed in 1994; G unsexed adult from Montagne d’Ambre, in dorsolateral view, photographed in 2003; H, I adult female ZSM 853 / 2003 (FGMV 2002.823) from Manongarivo in H dorsolateral and I ventral view.	Figure 33. Rhombophryne laevipes in life. A – C adult male ZSM 77 / 2018 (MSZC 0648) from Montagne d’Ambre in A dorsolateral and B dorsal view, and C in the process of pushing its way beneath a mossy log; D, E adult putative female from Montagne d’Ambre, photographed in 2004, in D dorsolateral and E ventral view; F unsexed adult from Montagne d’Ambre, in dorsolateral view, photographed in 1994; G unsexed adult from Montagne d’Ambre, in dorsolateral view, photographed in 2003; H, I adult female ZSM 853 / 2003 (FGMV 2002.823) from Manongarivo in H dorsolateral and I ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722173	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure50	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722174	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure51	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722188	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure65	Figure 65. Rhombophryne longicrus specimens from Sorata, in life. A, B adult female holotype ZSM 1630 / 2012 (FGZC 3653) in A dorsolateral and B ventral view. C, D adult male paratype UADBA - A 60271 (FGZC 3651) in C dorsolateral and D ventral view.	Figure 65. Rhombophryne longicrus specimens from Sorata, in life. A, B adult female holotype ZSM 1630 / 2012 (FGZC 3653) in A dorsolateral and B ventral view. C, D adult male paratype UADBA - A 60271 (FGZC 3651) in C dorsolateral and D ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722189	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure66	Figure 66. Skeleton of Rhombophryne longicrus holotype ZSM 1630 / 2012 (FGZC 3653). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 66. Skeleton of Rhombophryne longicrus holotype ZSM 1630 / 2012 (FGZC 3653). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E3D7EAF3A773541F9F086BD7DBFBC844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
196EC850EEE25924A03B00697CA2951F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
196EC850EEE25924A03B00697CA2951F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
196EC850EEE25924A03B00697CA2951F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722132	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure9	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
196EC850EEE25924A03B00697CA2951F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722141	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure18	Figure 18. Rhombophryne mangabensis in life. A, B probably paratype UADBA - A- ZCMV 890 from Nosy Mangabe in A dorsolateral and B ventral view. C paratype ZSM 471 / 2005 (ZCMV 2118), adult presumed male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. D paratype ZFMK 52769, adult male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. E UADBA - A-APR 12051, unsexed adult from Ambohitsitondroina, Masoala National Park, in dorsolateral view, photographed on 25 November 2015.	Figure 18. Rhombophryne mangabensis in life. A, B probably paratype UADBA - A- ZCMV 890 from Nosy Mangabe in A dorsolateral and B ventral view. C paratype ZSM 471 / 2005 (ZCMV 2118), adult presumed male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. D paratype ZFMK 52769, adult male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. E UADBA - A-APR 12051, unsexed adult from Ambohitsitondroina, Masoala National Park, in dorsolateral view, photographed on 25 November 2015.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
196EC850EEE25924A03B00697CA2951F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722143	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure20	Figure 20. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne mangabensis, recorded on Nosy Mangabe in 1991. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing four calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 2500 Hz.	Figure 20. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne mangabensis, recorded on Nosy Mangabe in 1991. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing four calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 2500 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
196EC850EEE25924A03B00697CA2951F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722131	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure8	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
196EC850EEE25924A03B00697CA2951F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722142	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure19	Figure 19. Skeleton of Rhombophryne mangabensis holotype ZSM 470 / 2005 (ZCMV 886). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil and small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 19. Skeleton of Rhombophryne mangabensis holotype ZSM 470 / 2005 (ZCMV 886). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil and small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E6C1FEBE943E58CAAC2A3F3CCF8B3DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E6C1FEBE943E58CAAC2A3F3CCF8B3DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E6C1FEBE943E58CAAC2A3F3CCF8B3DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722132	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure9	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E6C1FEBE943E58CAAC2A3F3CCF8B3DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722147	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure24	Figure 24. Rhombophryne maraorao sp. nov. in life. A – C adult male paratype MRSN A 6929 (FN 7292) from Ambolokopatrika in A anterodorsolateral, B ventral, and C dorsolateral view. D adult male holotype MRSN A 2115 (FN 7705) from Masoala Peninsula (Ambatoledama Corridor: Andasin’i Governera) in dorsolateral view.	Figure 24. Rhombophryne maraorao sp. nov. in life. A – C adult male paratype MRSN A 6929 (FN 7292) from Ambolokopatrika in A anterodorsolateral, B ventral, and C dorsolateral view. D adult male holotype MRSN A 2115 (FN 7705) from Masoala Peninsula (Ambatoledama Corridor: Andasin’i Governera) in dorsolateral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E6C1FEBE943E58CAAC2A3F3CCF8B3DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722148	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure25	Figure 25. Skeleton of Rhombophryne maraorao sp. nov. holotype MRSN A 2115 (FN 7705). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 25. Skeleton of Rhombophryne maraorao sp. nov. holotype MRSN A 2115 (FN 7705). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E6C1FEBE943E58CAAC2A3F3CCF8B3DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722131	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure8	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
B217C77146DA50B7A7C2C031B7BF9F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
B217C77146DA50B7A7C2C031B7BF9F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
B217C77146DA50B7A7C2C031B7BF9F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722132	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure9	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
B217C77146DA50B7A7C2C031B7BF9F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722138	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure15	Figure 15. Rhombophryne matavy in life, all photographed in the Forêt d’Ambre parcel of Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A, B adult male holotype ZSM 1628 / 2008 (FGZC 1888) in A anterolateral view while calling, and B anterodorsolateral view; C, D an adult male, probably a paratype in the UADBA collection, in C anterodorsolateral and D ventral view. E – G an adult male, probably a paratype in the UADBA collection in E anterodorsolateral, F ventral, and G closeup anterior view. Notice the lack of distinct chin barbels.	Figure 15. Rhombophryne matavy in life, all photographed in the Forêt d’Ambre parcel of Montagne d’Ambre National Park. A, B adult male holotype ZSM 1628 / 2008 (FGZC 1888) in A anterolateral view while calling, and B anterodorsolateral view; C, D an adult male, probably a paratype in the UADBA collection, in C anterodorsolateral and D ventral view. E – G an adult male, probably a paratype in the UADBA collection in E anterodorsolateral, F ventral, and G closeup anterior view. Notice the lack of distinct chin barbels.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
B217C77146DA50B7A7C2C031B7BF9F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722140	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure17	Figure 17. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne matavy (ZSM 1628 / 2008, holotype), recorded in Forêt d’Ambre Special Reserve (now part of Montagne d’Ambre National Park) in 2008. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of two advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing five calls.	Figure 17. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne matavy (ZSM 1628 / 2008, holotype), recorded in Forêt d’Ambre Special Reserve (now part of Montagne d’Ambre National Park) in 2008. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of two advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing five calls.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
B217C77146DA50B7A7C2C031B7BF9F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722131	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure8	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
B217C77146DA50B7A7C2C031B7BF9F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722139	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure16	Figure 16. Skeleton of Rhombophryne matavy holotype ZSM 1628 / 2008 (FGZC 1888). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H left foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 16. Skeleton of Rhombophryne matavy holotype ZSM 1628 / 2008 (FGZC 1888). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H left foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722128	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure5	Figure 5. Dimensionality reduction ordinations of Rhombophryne morphometrics, coloured by species group. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with weightings of the two shown principal components (PCs) given as bar plots beside the axes. B Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with scaling weights of the two shown Linear Discriminants (LDs) given as bar plots beside the axes. For morphometric abbreviations, see Materials and Methods. Data were filtered to include only adults and remove all individuals with missing data. All described species are included. See Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247222), for the morphometric input data.	Figure 5. Dimensionality reduction ordinations of Rhombophryne morphometrics, coloured by species group. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with weightings of the two shown principal components (PCs) given as bar plots beside the axes. B Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with scaling weights of the two shown Linear Discriminants (LDs) given as bar plots beside the axes. For morphometric abbreviations, see Materials and Methods. Data were filtered to include only adults and remove all individuals with missing data. All described species are included. See Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247222), for the morphometric input data.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722132	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure9	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722149	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure26	Figure 26. Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. in life. Not to scale. All photographed in low elevation primary rainforest within Marojejy National Park in 2016. A – C adult male holotype ZSM 521 / 2016 (MSZC 0269) in A lateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – G unsexed adult paratype ZSM 517 / 2016 (ZCMV 15088) in D lateral, E dorsal, F ventral view, and G with its right hindlimb stretched to reveal the orange flash colouration; and H – K unsexed adult paratype UADBA - A- MSZC 0307 H with its left hindlimb stretched to reveal the orange flash colouration, and in I lateral, J dorsal, and K ventral view.	Figure 26. Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. in life. Not to scale. All photographed in low elevation primary rainforest within Marojejy National Park in 2016. A – C adult male holotype ZSM 521 / 2016 (MSZC 0269) in A lateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – G unsexed adult paratype ZSM 517 / 2016 (ZCMV 15088) in D lateral, E dorsal, F ventral view, and G with its right hindlimb stretched to reveal the orange flash colouration; and H – K unsexed adult paratype UADBA - A- MSZC 0307 H with its left hindlimb stretched to reveal the orange flash colouration, and in I lateral, J dorsal, and K ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722152	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure29	Figure 29. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. (ZSM 521 / 2016), recorded in Marojejy National Park in 2016. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 20,000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing fourteen calls. Recording band-pass filtered at 500–8500 Hz.	Figure 29. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. (ZSM 521 / 2016), recorded in Marojejy National Park in 2016. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 20,000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing fourteen calls. Recording band-pass filtered at 500–8500 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722131	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure8	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722151	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure28	Figure 28. Skeleton of Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. paratype ZSM 517 / 2016 (ZCMV 15088). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include dense soil and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 28. Skeleton of Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. paratype ZSM 517 / 2016 (ZCMV 15088). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include dense soil and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722150	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure27	Figure 27. Uncollected specimens tentatively referred to Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. based on dark suprascapular spot with a light middle, a dark marking in the supratympanic region, absence of chin barbels, and presence of dorsal ridges. A – C a specimen from Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C anterior view, photographed by Éric Matthieu; D a probable juvenile specimen from Simpona Lodge in Makira Natural Park in dorsolateral view, photographed by Lucas Pastor. Used with permission.	Figure 27. Uncollected specimens tentatively referred to Rhombophryne mavokely sp. nov. based on dark suprascapular spot with a light middle, a dark marking in the supratympanic region, absence of chin barbels, and presence of dorsal ridges. A – C a specimen from Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C anterior view, photographed by Éric Matthieu; D a probable juvenile specimen from Simpona Lodge in Makira Natural Park in dorsolateral view, photographed by Lucas Pastor. Used with permission.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722141	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure18	Figure 18. Rhombophryne mangabensis in life. A, B probably paratype UADBA - A- ZCMV 890 from Nosy Mangabe in A dorsolateral and B ventral view. C paratype ZSM 471 / 2005 (ZCMV 2118), adult presumed male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. D paratype ZFMK 52769, adult male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. E UADBA - A-APR 12051, unsexed adult from Ambohitsitondroina, Masoala National Park, in dorsolateral view, photographed on 25 November 2015.	Figure 18. Rhombophryne mangabensis in life. A, B probably paratype UADBA - A- ZCMV 890 from Nosy Mangabe in A dorsolateral and B ventral view. C paratype ZSM 471 / 2005 (ZCMV 2118), adult presumed male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. D paratype ZFMK 52769, adult male from Nosy Mangabe, in dorsolateral view. E UADBA - A-APR 12051, unsexed adult from Ambohitsitondroina, Masoala National Park, in dorsolateral view, photographed on 25 November 2015.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
50752E50712652C78456F5659A1CA078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722144	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure21	Figure 21. Rhombophryne savaka in life. Not to scale. All photographed in low elevation primary rainforest in Marojejy National Park. A – C adult male KU 347465 (CRH 1653), and D – F adult male ZSM 519 / 2016 (MSZC 0319), from near ‘ Camp Mantella’; G – I adult female ZSM 520 / 2016 (MSZC 0318; notice large white eggs visible in ventral view) from near ‘ Camp Marojejia’.	Figure 21. Rhombophryne savaka in life. Not to scale. All photographed in low elevation primary rainforest in Marojejy National Park. A – C adult male KU 347465 (CRH 1653), and D – F adult male ZSM 519 / 2016 (MSZC 0319), from near ‘ Camp Mantella’; G – I adult female ZSM 520 / 2016 (MSZC 0318; notice large white eggs visible in ventral view) from near ‘ Camp Marojejia’.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
8D54AD27A18F58208E4AA2FC6D7DFF8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722173	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure50	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722174	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure51	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722184	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure61	Figure 61. Rhombophryne minuta specimens in life. Photographed at ‘ Camp Simpona’ in Marojejy National Park, in life. A, B unsexed adult ZSM 476 / 2005 (ZCMV 2003) in A dorsolateral and B ventral view; C unsexed adult ZSM 477 / 2005 (ZCMV 2004) in dorsolateral view; D an unidentified UADBA specimen in dorsolateral view. Not to scale.	Figure 61. Rhombophryne minuta specimens in life. Photographed at ‘ Camp Simpona’ in Marojejy National Park, in life. A, B unsexed adult ZSM 476 / 2005 (ZCMV 2003) in A dorsolateral and B ventral view; C unsexed adult ZSM 477 / 2005 (ZCMV 2004) in dorsolateral view; D an unidentified UADBA specimen in dorsolateral view. Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722187	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure64	Figure 64. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne minuta, recorded in Marojejy National Park in 2005. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 20,000 ms time scale showing pattern of call repetition (three calls). Recording high-pass filtered at 2000 Hz.	Figure 64. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne minuta, recorded in Marojejy National Park in 2005. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 20,000 ms time scale showing pattern of call repetition (three calls). Recording high-pass filtered at 2000 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
E18B16D329F65435BDA525BDD79ECC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722186	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure63	Figure 63. Skeleton of Rhombophryne minuta holotype MNHN 1975.15. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H left foot in ventral view; I left hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 63. Skeleton of Rhombophryne minuta holotype MNHN 1975.15. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H left foot in ventral view; I left hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722153	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure30	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722154	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure31	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722162	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure39	Figure 39. Rhombophryne nilevina in life. A – C adult male paratype UADBA - A- CRH 799 from near Andemaka, Ranomafana National Park in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – F unsexed adult ZSM 516 / 2016 (ZCMV 15215) from Marojejy National Park in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, and F ventral view; G – H adult male MRSN A 4598 from Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana in G dorsolateral and H ventral view.	Figure 39. Rhombophryne nilevina in life. A – C adult male paratype UADBA - A- CRH 799 from near Andemaka, Ranomafana National Park in A dorsolateral, B dorsal, and C ventral view; D – F unsexed adult ZSM 516 / 2016 (ZCMV 15215) from Marojejy National Park in D dorsolateral, E dorsal, and F ventral view; G – H adult male MRSN A 4598 from Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana in G dorsolateral and H ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722165	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure42	Figure 42. Advertisement call of Rhombophryne nilevina, recorded in Ranomafana National Park in 2015. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Recording band-pass filtered at 110–6600 Hz.	Figure 42. Advertisement call of Rhombophryne nilevina, recorded in Ranomafana National Park in 2015. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Recording band-pass filtered at 110–6600 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722163	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure40	Figure 40. Skeleton of Rhombophryne nilevina holotype KU 340897 (CRH 798). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 40. Skeleton of Rhombophryne nilevina holotype KU 340897 (CRH 798). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4D7F02B3447D5B948FA05E71CEF8D155.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722164	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure41	Figure 41. Rhombophryne nilevina specimen MRSN A 2631 (formerly referred to as R. sp. Ca 03), from Antsahamanara on the Tsaratànana Massif, in life.	Figure 41. Rhombophryne nilevina specimen MRSN A 2631 (formerly referred to as R. sp. Ca 03), from Antsahamanara on the Tsaratànana Massif, in life.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
05E4174CB1B358E2B96E59A1C7049FEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
05E4174CB1B358E2B96E59A1C7049FEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
05E4174CB1B358E2B96E59A1C7049FEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
05E4174CB1B358E2B96E59A1C7049FEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
05E4174CB1B358E2B96E59A1C7049FEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722173	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure50	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722174	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure51	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722181	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure58	Figure 58. Rhombophryne proportionalis adult male holotype ZSM 1826 / 2010 (ZCMV 12404) from Bepia, Tsaratànana Massif, in life. Shown in A lateral, B dorsolateral, and C ventral view.	Figure 58. Rhombophryne proportionalis adult male holotype ZSM 1826 / 2010 (ZCMV 12404) from Bepia, Tsaratànana Massif, in life. Shown in A lateral, B dorsolateral, and C ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722183	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure60	Figure 60. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne proportionalis, recorded on the Tsaratànana Massif in 2010. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of nine advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting an entire call series containing seventeen calls. Recording band-pass filtered at 4000–7000 Hz.	Figure 60. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne proportionalis, recorded on the Tsaratànana Massif in 2010. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of nine advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting an entire call series containing seventeen calls. Recording band-pass filtered at 4000–7000 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
934722B69CF05981B8E5FAAF3621AC8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722182	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure59	Figure 59. Skeleton of Rhombophryne proportionalis holotype ZSM 1826 / 2010 (ZCMV 12404). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 59. Skeleton of Rhombophryne proportionalis holotype ZSM 1826 / 2010 (ZCMV 12404). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
DC3E17C9065F5A6AA817B731D4899531.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C59A551A640658A8AAB8EE4C3F429A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C59A551A640658A8AAB8EE4C3F429A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C59A551A640658A8AAB8EE4C3F429A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C59A551A640658A8AAB8EE4C3F429A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722173	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure50	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 50. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C59A551A640658A8AAB8EE4C3F429A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722174	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure51	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 51. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne ellae, R. proportionalis, and R. minuta species groups. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C59A551A640658A8AAB8EE4C3F429A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722177	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure54	Figure 54. Rhombophryne quentini sp. nov. in life. Specimens photographed at Manarikoba, Tsaratànana Strict Nature Reserve in life. A, B adult female holotype MRSN A 4616 (FAZC 11134) in A dorsolateral and B ventral view; C – D adult female paratype MRSN A 3656 (FAZC 11062) in C dorsolateral and D posterior view; E, F subadult female paratype MRSN A 4629 (FAZC 11059) in E dorsolateral and F ventral view.	Figure 54. Rhombophryne quentini sp. nov. in life. Specimens photographed at Manarikoba, Tsaratànana Strict Nature Reserve in life. A, B adult female holotype MRSN A 4616 (FAZC 11134) in A dorsolateral and B ventral view; C – D adult female paratype MRSN A 3656 (FAZC 11062) in C dorsolateral and D posterior view; E, F subadult female paratype MRSN A 4629 (FAZC 11059) in E dorsolateral and F ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C59A551A640658A8AAB8EE4C3F429A08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722178	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure55	Figure 55. Skeleton of Rhombophryne quentini sp. nov. paratype MRSN A 4615 (FAZC 11129). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 55. Skeleton of Rhombophryne quentini sp. nov. paratype MRSN A 4615 (FAZC 11129). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C include small stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
BE33DAEFCBE45CAC8BE6E51675D7B9A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
BE33DAEFCBE45CAC8BE6E51675D7B9A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722128	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure5	Figure 5. Dimensionality reduction ordinations of Rhombophryne morphometrics, coloured by species group. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with weightings of the two shown principal components (PCs) given as bar plots beside the axes. B Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with scaling weights of the two shown Linear Discriminants (LDs) given as bar plots beside the axes. For morphometric abbreviations, see Materials and Methods. Data were filtered to include only adults and remove all individuals with missing data. All described species are included. See Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247222), for the morphometric input data.	Figure 5. Dimensionality reduction ordinations of Rhombophryne morphometrics, coloured by species group. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with weightings of the two shown principal components (PCs) given as bar plots beside the axes. B Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with scaling weights of the two shown Linear Discriminants (LDs) given as bar plots beside the axes. For morphometric abbreviations, see Materials and Methods. Data were filtered to include only adults and remove all individuals with missing data. All described species are included. See Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17247222), for the morphometric input data.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
BE33DAEFCBE45CAC8BE6E51675D7B9A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
BE33DAEFCBE45CAC8BE6E51675D7B9A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
BE33DAEFCBE45CAC8BE6E51675D7B9A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722132	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure9	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722144	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure21	Figure 21. Rhombophryne savaka in life. Not to scale. All photographed in low elevation primary rainforest in Marojejy National Park. A – C adult male KU 347465 (CRH 1653), and D – F adult male ZSM 519 / 2016 (MSZC 0319), from near ‘ Camp Mantella’; G – I adult female ZSM 520 / 2016 (MSZC 0318; notice large white eggs visible in ventral view) from near ‘ Camp Marojejia’.	Figure 21. Rhombophryne savaka in life. Not to scale. All photographed in low elevation primary rainforest in Marojejy National Park. A – C adult male KU 347465 (CRH 1653), and D – F adult male ZSM 519 / 2016 (MSZC 0319), from near ‘ Camp Mantella’; G – I adult female ZSM 520 / 2016 (MSZC 0318; notice large white eggs visible in ventral view) from near ‘ Camp Marojejia’.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722146	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure23	Figure 23. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne savaka (ZSM 519 / 2016), recorded in Marojejy National Park in 2016. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of two advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing five calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 1000 Hz.	Figure 23. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne savaka (ZSM 519 / 2016), recorded in Marojejy National Park in 2016. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of two advertisement calls from a regular call series at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 4000 ms time scale depicting a regular call series containing five calls. Recording high-pass filtered at 1000 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722131	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure8	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722145	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure22	Figure 22. Skeleton of Rhombophryne savaka specimen ZSM 519 / 2016 (MSZC 0319). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 22. Skeleton of Rhombophryne savaka specimen ZSM 519 / 2016 (MSZC 0319). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4525CE3251BF5EA1B514FAAAB58C1FC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722124	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure1	Figure 1. The morphometric scheme used herein. See Morphological measurements section of Materials and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Not shown: FARL (= LAL + HAL), FORL (= UAL + FARL), HIL (= THIL + TIBL + TARL + FOL), FOTL (= TARL + FOL).	Figure 1. The morphometric scheme used herein. See Morphological measurements section of Materials and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Not shown: FARL (= LAL + HAL), FORL (= UAL + FARL), HIL (= THIL + TIBL + TARL + FOL), FOTL (= TARL + FOL).	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
3580AF705DF75E288069D8056FDC694E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C89A974B363A5969ABB2A18044667E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C89A974B363A5969ABB2A18044667E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C89A974B363A5969ABB2A18044667E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C89A974B363A5969ABB2A18044667E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C89A974B363A5969ABB2A18044667E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722193	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure70	Figure 70. Skeleton of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa UADBA 18258 (APR 04222). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 70. Skeleton of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa UADBA 18258 (APR 04222). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
C89A974B363A5969ABB2A18044667E86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
FA1B8FD870D259729BBC9D4C3BEB37DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
FA1B8FD870D259729BBC9D4C3BEB37DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
FA1B8FD870D259729BBC9D4C3BEB37DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
FA1B8FD870D259729BBC9D4C3BEB37DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722153	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure30	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 30. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne laevipes species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
FA1B8FD870D259729BBC9D4C3BEB37DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722154	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure31	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 31. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of heads of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne laevipes species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
FA1B8FD870D259729BBC9D4C3BEB37DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722166	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure43	Figure 43. Rhombophryne sonaliae sp. nov. in life. A – D adult presumed male paratype ZFMK 52765 from Andasibe, in A dorsolateral, B ventral, C oblique posterolateral, and D anterior view. E, F adult male paratype MRSN A 7143 (FAZC 15560) from Maromizaha in E anterolateral, and F ventral view. G – I a specimen from Tsararano (could not be identified, but is not MRSN A 2620), in G dorsolateral, H dorsal, and I ventral view. J – L adult male specimen UADBA - A 62371 (MSZC 1480) from near Torotorofotsy, in J lateral, K ventral, and L dorsal view. Note the distinctive spots on the limbs, and the light stripes along the dorsolateral flank.	Figure 43. Rhombophryne sonaliae sp. nov. in life. A – D adult presumed male paratype ZFMK 52765 from Andasibe, in A dorsolateral, B ventral, C oblique posterolateral, and D anterior view. E, F adult male paratype MRSN A 7143 (FAZC 15560) from Maromizaha in E anterolateral, and F ventral view. G – I a specimen from Tsararano (could not be identified, but is not MRSN A 2620), in G dorsolateral, H dorsal, and I ventral view. J – L adult male specimen UADBA - A 62371 (MSZC 1480) from near Torotorofotsy, in J lateral, K ventral, and L dorsal view. Note the distinctive spots on the limbs, and the light stripes along the dorsolateral flank.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
FA1B8FD870D259729BBC9D4C3BEB37DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722168	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure45	Figure 45. Advertisement call of Rhombophryne sonaliae sp. nov., recorded at Torotorofotsy in 2004. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Recording band-pass filtered at 110–8000 Hz.	Figure 45. Advertisement call of Rhombophryne sonaliae sp. nov., recorded at Torotorofotsy in 2004. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Recording band-pass filtered at 110–8000 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
07B2DE06B0FF55E2B1F544322E3E8D93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
07B2DE06B0FF55E2B1F544322E3E8D93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
07B2DE06B0FF55E2B1F544322E3E8D93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
07B2DE06B0FF55E2B1F544322E3E8D93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
07B2DE06B0FF55E2B1F544322E3E8D93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
2CB7C119692A506FA56A67305ED88382.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
043ECBCAAEBD55E48D2E862ACACDE045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
043ECBCAAEBD55E48D2E862ACACDE045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
043ECBCAAEBD55E48D2E862ACACDE045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722135	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure12	Figure 12. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne testudo, recorded on Nosy Be in 1992. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 20000 ms time scale showing pattern of call repetition (three calls). Recording high-pass filtered at 175 Hz.	Figure 12. Advertisement calls of Rhombophryne testudo, recorded on Nosy Be in 1992. Top: audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call at 1000 ms time scale. Bottom: oscillogram at 20000 ms time scale showing pattern of call repetition (three calls). Recording high-pass filtered at 175 Hz.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
043ECBCAAEBD55E48D2E862ACACDE045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722131	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure8	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 8. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne testudo species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
043ECBCAAEBD55E48D2E862ACACDE045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722132	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure9	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	Figure 9. Ventral views of hands and feet, and lateral views of head of name-bearing type specimens of members of the Rhombophryne testudo species group. Not to scale. * = mirrored for conformity.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
043ECBCAAEBD55E48D2E862ACACDE045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722134	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure11	Figure 11. Skeleton of Rhombophryne testudo holotype SMF 4241. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil, sand, and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 11. Skeleton of Rhombophryne testudo holotype SMF 4241. A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Gut contents in A – C are apparently dense soil, sand, and stones. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
043ECBCAAEBD55E48D2E862ACACDE045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722133	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure10	Figure 10. Rhombophryne testudo in life. Photographed in low-elevation rainforest in Lokobe National Park, Nosy Be. A – D adult male UADBA - A- FGZC 5620 in A lateral, B anterolateral, C dorsal, and D ventral views.	Figure 10. Rhombophryne testudo in life. Photographed in low-elevation rainforest in Lokobe National Park, Nosy Be. A – D adult male UADBA - A- FGZC 5620 in A lateral, B anterolateral, C dorsal, and D ventral views.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
9D9C27F1A70857B59CB2BCD5D270A342.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
422CE28145ED529AB112D8A075DE237B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
422CE28145ED529AB112D8A075DE237B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
422CE28145ED529AB112D8A075DE237B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
422CE28145ED529AB112D8A075DE237B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
422CE28145ED529AB112D8A075DE237B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
422CE28145ED529AB112D8A075DE237B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722199	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure76	Figure 76. Skeleton of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ specimen UADBA 17419 (APR 01644). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	Figure 76. Skeleton of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ specimen UADBA 17419 (APR 01644). A – C Whole skeleton in A dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral view; D – G skull in D dorsal, E ventral, F anterior, and G lateral view; H right foot in ventral view; I right hand in ventral view. Abbreviations are given under Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4815557DA5885227BAB855AF3F821664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722125	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure2	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred from the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene, showing genetic relationships among all members of the genus Rhombophryne. The outgroups [Scaphiophryne brevis (ZCMV 12812) and S. boribory (AMNH A 16739)] have been removed post-analysis for graphical purposes. The paraphyletic placement of R. mavokely sp. nov. (grey dotted line) is probably an artifact resulting from non-overlapping fragments (either 16 S 3 ’ or 16 S 5 ’) among sequenced individuals. Bootstrap support values are shown at corresponding nodes, and values below 70 are not displayed. Species newly described herein are in boldface. Specimens sequenced using museomics approaches are underlined. Photos show the newly described species, as well as the holotype of R. serratopalpebrosa (* = photograph mirrored). Photographs are not to scale. Museomics-derived sequence data of Rhombophryne sp. ‘ Ivohibe’ was too poor to include. HT = Holotype. For field and collection abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4815557DA5885227BAB855AF3F821664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722127	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure4	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	Figure 4. Haplotype network reconstruction (based on 315 bp, haplotypes inferred using the PHASE algorithm); all available RAG 1 sequences for the nominal and candidate species of the genus Rhombophryne were used. Small black dots represent unsampled inferred intermediate haplotypes between those sampled, and lines between haplotypes indicate a single mutational step. Overlapping RAG 1 fragments of R. regalis, R. mavokely sp. nov. (Ca 17), R. kilonjy sp. nov., and R. sp. Ca 16 were not available.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4815557DA5885227BAB855AF3F821664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722130	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure7	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	Figure 7. Distribution of Rhombophryne species, arranged by species group. Shapes with dotted outlines and question-marks inside them indicate records of referred but unconfirmed specimens. The questionmark beside Ambohitantely Special Reserve (ca 18.17 ° S, 47.28 ° E) in the R. laevipes species group map refers to an unvouchered photographic record of uncertain species identity requiring further study, included here because it is the only record from Madagascar’s central highlands. Basemap is USGS 1 - arc second SRTM data. Shaded polygons are outlines of protected areas. Stars represent type localities. For a gazetteer, see Table S 4.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4815557DA5885227BAB855AF3F821664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722190	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure67	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	Figure 67. Name-bearing type specimens of species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4815557DA5885227BAB855AF3F821664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722192	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure69	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	Figure 69. Currently described species in the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa species group. A R. serratopalpebrosa from high elevation in Marojejy National Park (UADBA 18258, adult female; no photos in life available; B R. guentherpetersi from Andranomadio (camp 4) on Tsaratànana Massif (ZSM 607 / 2014, adult male); C R. coronata from Ankeniheny (holotype ZFMK 57459, adult male); D R. vaventy from Camp Simpona in Marojejy National Park (holotype ZSM 357 / 2005, adult male); E R. ornata from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1816 / 2010, adult male); F R. tany from Matsabory Maiky (Camp 2), on Tsaratànana Massif (holotype ZSM 1814 / 2010, presumed male; G R. diadema from Sorata (paratype ZSM 1628 / 2012, presumed male); H R. regalis from Antsinjorano in the Ambolokopatrika-Betaolana Forest (voucher number and sex unknown). Not to scale.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4815557DA5885227BAB855AF3F821664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722198	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure75	Figure 75. Rhombophryne vaventy in life. Photographed at ‘ Camp Simpona’ in Marojejy National Park. A – C adult female: ZSM 522 / 2016 (ZCMV 15278) in A lateral, B dorsal and C ventral view.	Figure 75. Rhombophryne vaventy in life. Photographed at ‘ Camp Simpona’ in Marojejy National Park. A – C adult female: ZSM 522 / 2016 (ZCMV 15278) in A lateral, B dorsal and C ventral view.	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
4815557DA5885227BAB855AF3F821664.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1722124	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.76.e172567.figure1	Figure 1. The morphometric scheme used herein. See Morphological measurements section of Materials and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Not shown: FARL (= LAL + HAL), FORL (= UAL + FARL), HIL (= THIL + TIBL + TARL + FOL), FOTL (= TARL + FOL).	Figure 1. The morphometric scheme used herein. See Morphological measurements section of Materials and Methods for explanation of abbreviations. Not shown: FARL (= LAL + HAL), FORL (= UAL + FARL), HIL (= THIL + TIBL + TARL + FOL), FOTL (= TARL + FOL).	2026-07-22	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica		Zenodo	biologists	Scherz, Mark D.;Glaw, Frank;Petzold, Alice;Andreone, Franco;Köhler, Jörn;Raselimanana, Achille P.;Hutter, Carl;Belluardo, Francesco;Rakotoarison, Andolalao;Hofreiter, Michael;Vences, Miguel;Crottini, Angelica			
