identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
14AB023F2ECA561C816F748CA1AA36C0.text	14AB023F2ECA561C816F748CA1AA36C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Impatiens arguta Hook. f. & Thomson	<div><p>1. Impatiens arguta Hook. f. &amp; Thomson, in J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (no. 15): 137. 1859</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3</p><p>= Impatiens leveillei Hook. f. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2865. 1908. syn. nov. Type: China. Kweichau: Yang Tien, E. M. Bodinier 493 (holotype: E!, E 00313614).</p><p>= Impatiens abbatis Hook. f. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2861 (1908). syn. nov. Type: China. Yunnan au pied du Tsang-chan, S / Ta-li, Abbé Delavay 3634 (lectotype designated here: P!, P 04542427; isolectotype designated here: P!, P 05017683, P 05249238).</p><p>Type.</p><p>India • Sikkim, Darjeeling, alt 5–7,000 ped, J. D. Hooker 101 (lectotype: K!, K 000694618; isolectotype: K!, K 000694619) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Impatiens arguta is distributed in South and Southeast Asia, including India, Myanmar, Bhutan, and Nepal. In China, it occurs in Guizhou Province, where it has been recorded from Guanling County, Xingren City, Zhenfeng County, Panzhou City, and Shuicheng District and Liuzhi Special District of Liupanshui. It typically inhabits valley shrublands and grasslands, moist forest understories, and shaded hillside gullies.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting occur from July to November.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>First described in 1859 with a type locality in Sikkim (modern-day West Bengal, India), (Hooker 1859) Impatiens arguta Hook. f. &amp; Thomson demonstrates significant variation in plant stature, leaf morphology, and floral traits. A continuous color gradient exists among populations, encompassing pure white, pink, pale purple, and purple; further variation is seen in pedicel curvature and spur morphology. The dorsal petal is highly polymorphic. Morphologically, it ranges from broadly ovate to elliptic or orbicular, featuring a mucronate, cuspidate, or emarginate apex and the absence of a horn-like appendage (Abrahamczyk and Steudel 2023). Records from the China Virtual Herbarium (CVH) indicate that most specimens attributed to this species are collected in Southwest China. Taxonomic revisions by Indian scholars have identified several synonyms (Rajeev et al. 2021) and confirmed its widespread occurrence in northeastern India, adjacent to Southwest China, indicating an extensive distribution range for the species.</p><p>In the protologue, Impatiens abbatis Hook. f. was noted to resemble I. arguta Hook. f. (Hooker 1908 a), from which it was distinguished by its much-branched stem, smaller leaves, and the lateral united petals’ distal lobes dolabriform. However, floral dissection of its type material reveals that its morphology, particularly that of the wing petals, is remarkably similar to that of I. arguta . Field investigations have corroborated this finding, indicating that stem branching and leaf size are highly susceptible to environmental influences. At the time of its publication, I. abbatis was based on three specimens, all bearing the collection number J. M. Delavay 3634, extant at P (P 04542447, P 05017683, and P 05249238), with no holotype designated. Delavay was stationed in the northwest Yunnan region, particularly in the Dali area, where he conducted systematic plant-collecting activities. Between 1883 and 1890, he frequently traveled between Dapingzi, Mosuo Camp (Mo-so-yn), and Dali Fu (Ta-li, Ta-li-fou), with his collecting activities focusing on the foothills of Cangshan Mountain, its upper forest edge, rock faces, and valleys, which became key areas for his botanical surveys (Li 2025). By analyzing the collecting records of Delavay from late September 1888 in Yunnan in the JSTOR specimen database (JSTOR Global Plants 1888), we can reconstruct his itinerary. Specifically, on September 24, 1888, Delavay collected Hymenophyllum delavayi at “ au pied du Tsang-chan, S / Ta-li ” (the foothills of Cangshan Mountain above Dali). On the following day, September 25, he continued to collect various plants, such as Sedum beauverdii, at “ au pied du Tsang-chan, au dessus de Ta-li ” and sur les rochers au pied du Tsang-chan (rock faces at the base of Cangshan). Delavay’s collecting activities later expanded to the limestone hills near Dali and around Ta Pingzi (Ta-chao / Ta-pin-tze). Given that all known type specimens of I. abbatis originate from this collecting period and region, and in the absence of any conflicting locality data, the type locality of the species can be confidently assigned to the Cangshan Mountain area above Dali, Yunnan, China. Herein, specimen P 04542447, featuring detailed floral dissections and line drawings consistent with the protologue description, is designated as the lectotype. The remaining specimens, P 05017683 and P 05249238, are accordingly designated as isolectotypes.</p><p>Impatiens leveillei Hook. f. was described based on the specimen E. M. Bodinier 493 collected in Guizhou (Hooker 1908 a; Léveillé 1914 –1915). According to the protologue and type specimen, the type locality was transcribed as “ Yang Tien, ” without clear correspondence to modern administrative units. Through analysis of the collector’s itinerary and herbarium records, three specimens directly relevant to the typification of I. leveillei were identified. Among them, two sheets of E. M. Bodinier 492 E (E 00010534 and E 00313677) labels show a collection date of 16 July and locality “ Yang Tien, ” consistent with the type locality of I. leveillei . These are therefore confirmed as syntopic specimens of this species. Another specimen, E. M. Bodinier 494 E (E 00010625), was collected on 17 July at a locality noted as “ Mou-you-se environs. ” Based on textual research of modern place names in Guizhou Province, this locality corresponds to the area around Nanhuajiang Town, Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, today. The three aforementioned specimens and the type specimen of I. leveillei were collected with only a one-day interval. Considering the extremely underdeveloped transportation in the mountainous areas of Guizhou in the late 19 th century, where the transportation of people and materials relied mainly on human porters and horse-drawn loads, and plant collectors typically had a limited daily range of movement, it can be inferred that the collection locality “ Yang Tien ” should be situated near Huajiang Town, Guanling County, today.</p><p>Subsequent verification identified a modern locality named “ Yangtian Village ” in Huajiang Town, Guanling County. The pronounced phonetic similarity between “ Yangtian ” and “ Yang Tien ” provides strong evidence for their transliteration equivalence. Based on this evidence, the type locality “ Yang Tien ” for I. leveillei is definitively established as being located within the area of modern Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, Anshun City, Guizhou Province.</p><p>According to the protologue and the Flora of China (Chen 2001), this species resembles I. arguta but is distinguished by its larger, membranous leaves with small crenate margins, along with larger flowers and capsules. However, these size-related traits are unreliable for species delimitation in Impatiens, as they are highly plastic in response to environmental conditions. In contrast, I. arguta, I. abbatis, and I. leveillei possess a combination of stable and diagnostically valuable characters, including leaf margin type, a pair of basal leaf glands, a thickened midvein on the abaxial surface of the dorsal petal, a reflexed auricle on the lateral united petals, and setose bracts (Fig. 2 A – C). Geographically, the three taxa form a continuous distribution without evident isolation, further supporting their treatment as a single taxonomic entity.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China, Guizhou: • Congjiang County, Li Yongkang 9334 (HGAS); • Libo County, Luo Yibo 516 (PE) . Yunnan: • Yangbi County, Yin Zhijian et al. 0753 (PE); • Shilin County, Shui Yumin et al. 64189, 64083, 64352 (PE); • Heqing County, Qin Renchang 23523 (PE); Luo Yi-bo 44 (PE); • Gongshan County, Xiaohua Jin &amp; Ting Zhang 098 (PE); Luo Yi-bo 475 (PE); Li Hong 533324180418001 LY (SABG); He Xu et al. 533324180509148 LY (SABG); Dali City, Sino-Soviet Joint Yunnan Expedition 19 (KUN) ; Wang Qiwu 63450 (PE); H. T. Tsai 53922 (IBSC); Shangri-La City, D. E. Boufford et al. 35270 (PE) ; Qinghai-Tibet Expedition 443 (PE); Institute of Botany, Beijing (Hengduan Mountains Expedition) 02272 (PE); Lushui City, Institute of Botany, Beijing (Hengduan Mountains Expedition) 499 (PE) ; Dulongjiang Expedition 5 (KUN); Wu Sugong 8098 (KUN); Guo Shiwei et al. KIBDZL 214 B 03 (KUN); Lijiang City, Fang Zhendong et al. LDHF- 163 (SABG) ; Qinghai-Tibet Expedition 189 (KUN); • Yongde County, Liu Ende 589 (KUN); Zi Shisheng 18 (KUN); • Yunlong County, Spice Plant Expedition 101 (KUN); • Yingjiang County, Zou Jiao et al. 20201029-1 (KUN) . Sichuan: Panzhihua City, Gao Xinfen et al. 4038 (PE) ; Panzhihua Cycad Expedition 565 (PE); • Muli County, Qinghai-Tibet Expedition 14875 (PE) . India, Sikkim: • J. D. Hooker 101 (NY); J. D. Hooker 111 (US) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/14AB023F2ECA561C816F748CA1AA36C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Fang-Ying;Cen, Nian;Bai, Xin-Xiang;Yong, Qin-Qin;Li, Mei-Jun	Wang, Fang-Ying, Cen, Nian, Bai, Xin-Xiang, Yong, Qin-Qin, Li, Mei-Jun (2026): Five new synonyms in Impatiens (Ericales, Balsaminaceae) from China. PhytoKeys 272: 197-215, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.272.177434
69CFCBFF008159789951B155B76D1BDE.text	69CFCBFF008159789951B155B76D1BDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Impatiens cyanantha Hook. f.	<div><p>4. Impatiens cyanantha Hook. f. in Hooker’s lcon. PI. 29: t. 2866.1908</p><p>Figs 7, 8, 9</p><p>= Impatiens foetens Hook. f. ex H. Lév. in Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 176 (1914–15). syn. nov. Type: CHINA. Guizhou: Piu-fa (= pingfa), Nov. 1908, Cavalerie, P. J. 3613 (lectotype designated here: K!, K 000694642; isolectotype designated here: K!, K 000694643).</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Kweichau, Sep. 1904, Esquirol, Joseph Henri (Rev. Père) 226 (holotype: E!, E 00313642) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Impatiens cyanantha is distributed in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guizhou provinces, where it has been recorded from Duyun City, Weining County, Dafang County, Nayong County, Hezhang County, and Panzhou City, as well as Zhongshan District of Liupanshui.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting period: July to October.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Impatiens foetens Hook. f. ex H. Lév. was originally published in the “ Flore du Kouy-Tchéou ” (1914–1915), based on specimens collected by Cavalerie from Pin-fa (Léveillé 1914 –1915). The protologue cites specimen number Cavalerie, P. J. 3613, though no holotype was designated at the time of publication. Investigation of herbarium material identified two original specimens at K (K 000694642 and K 000694643). Morphological examination and label analysis confirm that K 000694642 bears the annotations “ fleurs rose-violet ” and “ odeur forte désagréable, ” corresponding to the protologue reference to a “ Plante à odeur fétide. ” However, extensive long-term field observations of wild Impatiens have not recorded any species with a conspicuous odor. This discrepancy warrants further validation through examination of living material in future studies. Examination of this specimen reveals the following morphological characteristics: leaves alternate, elliptic, elliptic with coarsely crenate-serrate margins bearing minute setae between teeth. Inflorescence racemose, with peduncles axillary; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Lateral sepals 2, ovate with acuminate apex; dorsal petal orbicular, bearing a slender midrib (notably, floral dissection shows the dorsal petal midrib only slightly thickened and acute apically, whereas the accompanying line drawing depicts a distinct cristate crest and a beaked apex, suggesting illustrative inaccuracy). Lateral united petals bilobed; upper lobe linear with obtuse apex. Lower sepal funnel-shaped, gradually attenuating into a slender basal spur; anthers obtuse; capsule fusiform; seeds ovoid. This specimen comprises comprehensive floral dissections, detailed ink drawings, and clearly preserved floral morphological characters, thereby providing a robust basis for species delineation. K 000694643 is likewise a type specimen, but it lacks such critical diagnostic elements. K 000694642 is hereby designated as the lectotype for this taxon, and K 000694643 is designated as an isolectotype.</p><p>Impatiens cyanantha Hook. f. was formally described by J. D. Hooker in 1908, based on the specimen Esquirol, Joseph Henri (Rev. Père) 226 collected in Guizhou (Hooker 1908 a). The specimen was gathered in September 1904, though no precise type locality was provided in the original publication. To clarify the geographical scope of the type locality, the 1904 field itinerary of the collector Joseph Henri Esquirol in Guizhou was reconstructed: in May 1904, Esquirol departed from Guiyang and traveled southwest to the Wangmo area, with subsequent activities extending to the vicinity of Zhenfeng County; in June, his collections were concentrated in Huajiang Town, Wangmo County, and Longli County; by August, his focus had shifted to locations within Zhenfeng County; in September, based on the collection data from extant herbarium specimens, Esquirol’s locality is recorded as “ Ko-tchang-keou. ”</p><p>Upon examination of the floral morphology of the type specimen E 00313642, the floral anatomical section reveals clear evidence of taxonomic admixture. Based on the floral structures illustrated in parts a and b (Fig. 7 C), the anatomical sample comprises two distinct taxa: (Fig. 7 C: a), which corresponds to the widely accepted concept of I. cyanantha in current taxonomy, whereas the floral morphology of (Fig. 7 C: b) matches the protologue description of wing petals with lateral united petals basal lobes orbicular; distal lobes dolabriform. Subsequent field surveys (Fig. 7 C: b) confirm that this portion closely resembles I. piufanensis, a species with its type locality in Pin-fa (Fig. 8). Sympatric populations of I. piufanensis and I. cyanantha have also been documented on Doupeng Mountain, Duyun City.</p><p>Based on these findings, the morphological description of I. cyanantha is hereby emended as follows: the midrib of the dorsal petal is slightly thickened; the spur is straight, slightly curved, or curved; the basal lobes of the lateral united petals are oblong, and the distal lobes are linear. In accordance with Article 9.3 of the ICN (2025), which stipulates that a lectotype may be designated when the original type material comprises multiple taxa, the floral anatomical portion of specimen E 00313642 (Fig. 7 C: a) is formally designated as the lectotype of I. cyanantha .</p><p>Examination of type specimens, comparative morphological analyses, and distribution patterns indicate that I. foetens and I. cyanantha share consistent key taxonomic characters (Table 1). Both species possess racemose inflorescences and exhibit no significant differences in the morphology of the dorsal petal or the lateral united petals, which are critical diagnostic features within Impatiens . Other traits, leaf shape, sepal morphology, lower sepal structure, and fruit and seed characteristics, also show high similarity, with minor variations such as leaf size, pedicel length, or bract shape falling within the expected intraspecific range. Distribution data support this close relationship, with I. foetens recorded from Pin Fa, Guizhou, and I. cyanantha from Wangmo County, Zhenfeng County, and Duyun City, Guizhou. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the two names refer to a single taxon. In accordance with the principle of nomenclatural priority under the ICN, I. foetens is here treated as a synonym of I. cyanantha .</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China. Guizhou: • Zhenfeng County, Y. Tsiang 4360 (IBSC); • Leishan County, Liu Quanru et al. LGS 2003036, LGS 2003156, LGS 2003157 (BNU); Qiannan Expedition 3549 (PE); • Qiannan Expedition Cao Ziyu 3549 (PE); Pu’an County, Anshun Expedition 1193, 1196, 1606 (PE); • Nayong County, Bijie Expedition 676 (PE); • Shibing County, Wuling Mountain Expedition 1763, 2481 (PE); • Jiangkou County, Sino-American Guizhou Botanical Expedition 1016 (PE); • Songtao County, Sino-American Guizhou Botanical Expedition 1887 (PE); • Yinjiang County, Sino-American Guizhou Botanical Expedition 1442 (PE); Jian Zhuopo et al. 30922 (PE); • Panzhou City, Anshun Expedition 1031, 1251 (PE) ; • Dafang County, Bijie Expedition 896 (PE); • Congjiang County, Liu Kaitao et al. 522633190912330 LY (GZTM) . Yunnan: • Nanjian County, Chen Yaping et al. EM 178, EM 184 (KUN); • Luchun County, Shui Yumin et al. 70216, 70303, 70356 (PE); Tao Deding 851, 1080 (KUN); • Jingdong County, Yang Guoping 255 (PE); Xu Sugui 5507 (PE, KUN); Sun Hang 72 (KUN); • Chuxiong City, M. K. Li 0230 (PE); • Yangbi County, Qin Renchang 25315 (KUN) . Chongqing: • Xiushan County, West China Academy of Sciences Sichuan Botany 3938 (PE) . Guangxi: • Ziyuan County, Ziyuan County General Survey Team 450329160810012 LY, 450329160809017 LY (IBK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/69CFCBFF008159789951B155B76D1BDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Fang-Ying;Cen, Nian;Bai, Xin-Xiang;Yong, Qin-Qin;Li, Mei-Jun	Wang, Fang-Ying, Cen, Nian, Bai, Xin-Xiang, Yong, Qin-Qin, Li, Mei-Jun (2026): Five new synonyms in Impatiens (Ericales, Balsaminaceae) from China. PhytoKeys 272: 197-215, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.272.177434
778BB8A3EF305150BAC9D9A5FD7F4262.text	778BB8A3EF305150BAC9D9A5FD7F4262.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Impatiens piufanensis Hook. f.	<div><p>3. Impatiens piufanensis Hook. f. in Hooker’s lcon. PI. 29: t. 2869.1908</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>= Impatiens lepida Hook. f. in Hooker’s lcon. PI. 29: t. 2867. 1908. syn. nov. Type: CHINA. Guizhou: Piu-fa (= pingfa), 27 October 1903, Cavalerie, P. J. 1441 (lectotype designated here: E!, E 00313616, the lower sepal funnelform specimen in the admixture).</p><p>Type.</p><p>China. Guizhou: • Piu-fa (= pingfa), Cavalerie, P. J. 314 (holotype: E!, E 00313603; isotype: K!, K 000694588) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Impatiens piufanensis occurs in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, and Guizhou provinces, where it has been recorded from Duyun City, Fuquan City, Anlong County, Shibing County, Kaiyang County, Huangping County, Chishui City, Suiyang County, and Jinsha County. This species typically grows in forests, damp areas along streams, and rocky crevices.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting period: July to November.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Impatiens lepida Hook. f. was described by J. D. Hooker based on specimens collected by Cavalerie and others from Pin-fa, Guizhou (Hooker 1908 a). Examination of the type material revealed that the specimen label records the flower color as “ rose-jaunâtre. ” The floral morphological description and dissections indicate the presence of two flowering individuals: one with a single flower and another with two flowers on the pedicel, also showing distinctly different lower sepal shapes. Within Impatiens L., the lower sepal is considered a stable character for species delimitation, and no transitional forms between two distinct shapes have been documented. Hooker himself expressed doubt in the protologue regarding the occurrence of two flower colors and lower sepal shapes in this species. As shown in the floral dissections from the right middle part of the holotype of I. lepida, Cavalerie, P. J. 1441 (E 00313616) housed at E (Fig. 6 D), one lower sepal is funnel-shaped, while the other is boat-shaped. Extensive field surveys in the type locality of I. lepida have failed to identify any population exhibiting both funnel-shaped and boat-shaped sepal shapes. Based on the above evidence, it is concluded that this specimen comprises two distinct taxa. Regarding the admixture in the type specimens of I. lepida, extensive field surveys conducted in the Pin-fa area confirmed that floral anatomical specimens exhibiting a navicular lower sepal are attributable to Impatiens procumbens Franch., a species widely distributed in this region (Hooker 1908 b; Huang et al. 2023 b) (Fig. 5 A – C). Field surveys further revealed a high degree of morphological similarity between Impatiens piufanensis Hook. f. and I. lepida, which share Pin-fa as a type locality. Examination of the I. piufanensis specimen K 000694588 (K) revealed that it integrates three accessions (K 000694588, K 000694589, K 000694590), all collected by Cavalerie under numbers 698, 1441, and 314. The label for No. 698 records flower color as “ yellow or red, ” and all three plants exhibit funnelform labella. In contrast, field observations document continuous variation in lower sepal shape within populations of this taxon, ranging from funnelform to saccate. Comparative morphological analysis detected no consistent differences between I. lepida and I. piufanensis (Fig. 6 A – D). In view of their overlapping type localities and morphological continuity, I. lepida and I. piufanensis are accordingly treated as a single species.</p><p>In accordance with Articles 9.3 and 9.14 of the ICN, no holotypes were designated for either species upon their original publication. Herein, the specimen Cavalerie, P. J. 314 E (E 00313603) is formally designated as the lectotype of Impatiens piufanensis, with the duplicate specimen Cavalerie, P. J. 314 K (K 000694588), recognized as an isolectotype. Additionally, the portion of the specimen Cavalerie, P. J. 1441 E (E 00313616) bearing funnelform labella is designated as the lectotype of I. lepida (Fig. 6 C, red frame).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China, Guizhou: • Guiyang City, Bodinier 2463 (P) ; • Guanshanhu District, Bai Xinxiang RFS- 000248 (GZAC) ; • Guiding County, Bai Xinxiang RFS- 00046 (GZAC); • Fuquan City, Bai Xinxiang RFS- 000301 (GZAC) ; • Huishui County, Bai Xinxiang RFS- 000089 (GZAC); • Leishan County, Jia Chaopo et al. 50536 (PE); • Rongjiang County, Liu Zhonghua &amp; Pu Lihua 23143 (BJFC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/778BB8A3EF305150BAC9D9A5FD7F4262	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Fang-Ying;Cen, Nian;Bai, Xin-Xiang;Yong, Qin-Qin;Li, Mei-Jun	Wang, Fang-Ying, Cen, Nian, Bai, Xin-Xiang, Yong, Qin-Qin, Li, Mei-Jun (2026): Five new synonyms in Impatiens (Ericales, Balsaminaceae) from China. PhytoKeys 272: 197-215, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.272.177434
939000980F445FB1954FD4AD4A6DB162.text	939000980F445FB1954FD4AD4A6DB162.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Impatiens sigmoidea Hook. f.	<div><p>2. Impatiens sigmoidea Hook. f. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. sér. 4, 10: 267.1908</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>= Impatiens martinii Hook. f. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2870. 1908. syn. nov. Type: China. Guizhou: Pin-fa, 25 May 1902, Cavalerie, P. J. 1329 (lectotype designated here: E!, E 00313609); October 1905, Cavalerie, P. J. 1905 (syntype: E!, E 00313610).</p><p>Type.</p><p>China. Guizhou: • Guiyang City, Kao-po, 11 September 1899, E. M. Bodinier &amp; J. Laborde 2688 (lectotype: E!, E 00313668; isolectotype: P!, P 00780758) . Remaining syntype: China. Guizhou: • Pin-fa, 21 August 1902, Cavalerie, P. J. 287 (E 00313667) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Impatiens sigmoidea occurs in Guizhou Province, where it has been recorded from Guiyang City, Longli County, and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. It typically grows on gentle slopes along streams or in evergreen broad-leaved forests.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting occur from May to October.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Impatiens martinii Hook. f. was described by J. D. Hooker in September 1908 (Hooker 1908 a), based on specimens collected by Cavalerie in Pin-fa. Its Chinese name derives from the toothed margins of its bracts. The protologue cited two syntypes (Fig. 4 C – D) that exhibit floral color variation ranging from yellow to white, which is attributable to natural interpopulation chromatic transitions. As no holotype was designated in the protologue, the specimen Cavalerie, P. J. 1329 E (E 00313609), which fully matches the morphological description in the protologue and includes detailed floral dissections and line drawings, is here designated as the lectotype. The other specimen, Cavalerie, P. J. 1905 E (E 00313610), is accordingly designated as an syntype.</p><p>Impatiens sigmoidea Hook. f. was formally described in April 1908 based on two type specimens collected from Gao-po and Pin-fa, Guizhou Province (Hooker 1908 b). No subsequent records were documented until it was rediscovered at the type locality in 2018 (Huang et al. 2023 a). Observations of wild-living plants of this species reveal that the middle and upper parts of the stem are covered with white to pink hairs; bracts are borne at the base, middle, or upper-middle part of the pedicel and are either persistent or easily deciduous. It is also noted that the bract margins, like those of I. martinii, are toothed. Compared with other species in the genus, I. sigmoidea possesses a suite of distinctive morphological characters, including a white midvein of the leaf, conspicuously serrate bract margins, lateral sepals with a prominent “ S ” - shaped curve, a spiral shell-like structure of the dorsal petal, and a spiral shell-like or cucullate projection on the abaxial surface of the midrib. Comparison of the type specimens, floral dissections, and line drawings (Fig. 4 A – D) reveals the following morphological distinctions between the protologue descriptions of I. sigmoidea and I. martinii: bracts entire (vs. I. martinii has serrate), flowers greenish white (vs. I. martinii has white or yellow), lateral united petals bilobed (vs. I. martinii has trilobed), dorsal petal rounded (vs. I. martinii has cucullate), and midrib abaxially bearing a broad cristate projection (vs. I. martinii has a beaked keel). However, the floral morphology, particularly the dissected structures, exhibits remarkable similarity between the two taxa, including the “ S ” - shaped curved lateral sepals, toothed bract margins, and spiral shell-like dorsal petal. Given the absence of consistent diagnostic characters and the overlapping type localities, combined with extensive field observations, it is proposed that I. sigmoidea and I. martinii represent a single species.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China, Guizhou: • Huaxi District, Bai Xinxiang GP 2018051501 (GZAC) ; Longli County, Bai Xinxiang HZG 2018051901 (GZAC!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/939000980F445FB1954FD4AD4A6DB162	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Fang-Ying;Cen, Nian;Bai, Xin-Xiang;Yong, Qin-Qin;Li, Mei-Jun	Wang, Fang-Ying, Cen, Nian, Bai, Xin-Xiang, Yong, Qin-Qin, Li, Mei-Jun (2026): Five new synonyms in Impatiens (Ericales, Balsaminaceae) from China. PhytoKeys 272: 197-215, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.272.177434
