taxonID	type	description	language	source
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 10	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Otxuruu fallax sp. nov.	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name is a noun meaning spider in Karaja language, in honor of the Karajás, indigenous people who inhabit the surrounding regions of the type locality, where most specimens were collected (Serra dos Carajás, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil). The gender is neuter.	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males and females of Otxuruu gen. nov. resemble those of Naatlo Coddington, 1986 and Epeirotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (i. e., Epeirotypinae), by the thoracic area of the prosoma laterally swollen (Figs 2 B, 6 C, D; referred to “ lateral shoulders ” in Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 57, 74, 86), the conductor lacking a mesal blade that covers the embolus (Figs 7 A, B, D, 9 A, B; Coddington 1986: figs 42, 43, 71, 73; Dupérré & Tapia 2017: fig. 7) and the domed (i. e., elevated ventrally) epigynal plate (Fig. 6 D; Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 74, 86). Males and females of Otxuruu gen. nov. can be distinguished from those of other Epeirotypinae species by the spinneret-like lobules posteriorly projected on the opisthosoma (Figs 1 B, 5 A – D, 6 A – F). Males can also be distinguished by the short embolus bearing two conspicuous embolic apophysis: one slender, long and curved, and the other, flat, robust, subquadrate in mesal view (Figs 7 A, B, D, 9 A, B) (in contrast with a bulky embolus lacking an embolic apophysis in the other Epeirotypinae genera; Coddington 1986: figs 43, 71, 73; Labarque et al. 2025: figs 14 E, 15 E, 18 E, 24 E, 26 E). Females can also be distinguished by the sclerotized, wider than long scape (Figs 8 A, C, 9 D), the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts irregular and membranous (Figs 8 B, D, 9 F), the distal sector of the copulatory ducts flat and broad, sclerotized, inserted ventro-posteriorly in the spermathecae (Figs 8 B, D, 9 F) and the spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide (Figs 8 B, D, 9 F) (in contrast with an epigyne lacking a scape, the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts massive, the distal sector of the copulatory ducts short, simple, inserted laterally to posteriorly in the spermathecae, and ovoid to irregular spermathecae in the other Epeirotypinae genera; see Coddington 1986: figs 50, 51, 78, 80; Labarque et al. 2025: figs 17 D, 19 D, 20 D, 21 D, 22 D, 23 D, 25 D).	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	description	Description. Prosoma longer than wide, narrower at cephalic region and slightly higher anteriorly (Figs 2 A, B, 6 A, B), smooth cuticle with a few anteriorly inclined setae near ocular area (Figs 2 A, B). Ocular area anteriorly projected over clypeus in males, AME circular, the others ellipsoid. Sternum longer than wide, posterior margin narrower than anterior (Figs 2 C, 6 E, F); sternal pits on the anterior margin and small humps on anterolateral corners (Fig. 2 C); scaly cuticle, setae inserted on cuticular protuberances (Fig. 2 D). Chelicerae longer than wide. Labium wider than long, anterior margin convex (Fig. 2 C). Endites ventrally projected. Legs with scaly cuticle (Figs 3 A – G), legs I – II a little more robust than III – IV (Fig. 6). Tibiae I – IV with dorsal trichobothria (Fig. 3 G), bothrium with an elevated proximal plate (Fig. 3 D). Patellae with a prolateral hump, large lyriform organs and a dorso-apical macroseta (Figs 3 A, B, E, F). Tarsi with three claws (Figs 3 H, I), elongated inferior claw, pectinate superior ones (Figs 3 H – I), with serrated accessory setae near the claws (Figs 3 H, I). Opisthosoma longer than wide (Figs 5, 6), about two times higher than prosoma in females and 1.5 times higher in males; anterior margin straight with angular corners, dorsolateral margins with six conical tubercles (Figs 5 A, B), posterior region with a cluster of finger-like lobules, spinneret-shaped, on a projection formed by cuticular folds (Fig. 5); in females, setae arise on sclerotized ellipsoid plates (Figs 4 A, 5 D). Spinnerets ventrally located (Figs 4 B – D, 6 C, D). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a large major ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin and ca. 40 piriform gland spigots, with many tartipores between them (Fig. 4 B). Posterior median spinnerets with a large minor ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin, a large cylindrical gland spigot and three thin aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4 C). Posterior lateral spinnerets with two aggregate gland spigots, two peripherical cylindrical gland spigots, one flagelliform and ten aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4 D). Male palp with a broad retrolateral cymbial lamella, occupying about 1 / 3 of the retrolateral face of the cymbium (Fig. 9 C); basal retrolateral paracymbium hook-shaped with pointed apex (Fig. 9 C); tegulum with a median ventral spur (Figs 7 A, 9 A); median apophysis robust, flat, with an anterior projection (Figs 7 A, 9 A); conductor wider than long, not covering the embolus (Figs 7 A, B, 9 A, B); embolic division bearing a short embolus and two apical embolic apophyses: a long, slender, coiled prolateral one, and a flat, large, subquadrate (in mesal view) retrolateral one (Figs 7 A, B, 9 A, B), with the opening of ejaculatory duct concealed on the posterior surface of the embolus. Female epigynal plate with a small central pit, a pair of lateral pits and a transverse median line delimiting a scape (Figs 8 A, C, 9 D); scape sclerotized, laminar, wider than long, posteriorly projected, with an unsclerotized, wider than long median field (Figs 8 A – C, E, 9 D); copulatory openings wide, located posteriorly, hidden by the scape. Vulva with copulatory ducts composed by a wide, striated, translucent proximal sector, with a posterior fold, U-shaped in dorsal view (Figs 8 B, D, 9 F), positioned lateral to spermathecae; and a distal sector wide, flat and sclerotized, lying ventral to spermathecae, and tapering posteriorly into a cylindrical portion (Figs 8 F – H, 9 E); spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide, attached to each other along the inner wall and posteriorly curved outward (Figs 8 B, D, 9 F); fertilization ducts arise from the posterior region of the spermathecae, covered by two hyaline posterior tabs (Figs 8 D, 9 F).	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Due to the set of characters shared by Otxuruu gen. nov. and the epeirotypines Epeirotypus and Naatlo, Otxuruu gen. nov. is here included in Epeirotypinae (see Discussion). Composition. Only the type species Otxuruu fallax sp. nov.	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Amazon Basin in Ecuador and Brazil (Fig. 10).	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 10	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Cave N 5 S _ 0076 (GEM- 1091) (6 ° 05 ' 26 '' S, 50 ° 08 ' 00 '' W), Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 14. III – 04. IV. 2010, R. Andrade et al. coll. (IBSP 174325). Paratypes: 1 ♀, same locality as the holotype (except 06 ° 02 ' 13 " S, 50 ° 15 ' 59 " W), 02 – 29. V. 2015 (IBSP 208661); 2 ♀, same locality as the holotype (except Cave N 5 S _ 0071 (GEM- 1086 )), 25. VIII – 03. IX. 2009, R. Andrade et al. coll. (IBSP 289589); 1 ♀, same locality as the holotype (except Cave N 4 WS _ 0004 (GEM- 1156), 6 ° 04 ' 21 '' S, 50 ° 11 ' 43 '' W), 18. XI – 01. XII. 2010, F. P. Franco et al. coll. (MPEG. ARA 40842); 1 ♂ from Serra Tapirapecó [1 ° 9 ' 55 " N, 64 ° 58 ' 15 " W], Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil, 29. XI. 2010, R. Braga-Neto coll. (IBSP 279796); 1 ♀ from Altamira [3 ° 12 ' 01.3 " S, 52 ° 14 ' 00.8 " W], Pará, Brazil, IV. 2011, M. E. Bichuette coll. (MPEG. ARA 40843). Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: Canaã dos Carajás: Cave S 11 C _ 0168 (06 ° 22 ' 49 " S, 50 ° 22 ' 35 " W), 21. IV. 2016, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 193167); Cave SB _ 0230 (6 ° 20 ' 34 '' S, 49 ° 59 ' 43 '' W), 13 – 23. II. 2014, C. A. R Souza & J. Mascarenhas et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 174380); Paraupebas: Cave N 4 WS _ 0004 (GEM- 1156) (6 ° 04 ' 21 '' S, 50 ° 11 ' 43 '' W), 10 – 19. V. 2011, F. P. Franco & C. A. R. Souza et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 177775); Cave N 5 PSE- 04 (PESE _ 0004 ou GEM- 1864) (6 ° 06 ' 19 '' S, 50 ° 09 ' 06 '' W), 10 – 19. V. 2010, I. Cizauskas et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 177777); Cave N 5 PSL- 01 (PESL _ 0001 ou GEM- 1866) (6 ° 04 ' 07 '' S, 50 ° 08 ' 40 '' W), 10 – 19. V. 2011, I. Cizauskas et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 177778); Cave N 5 S _ 0069 (GEM- 1084), 25. VIII – 03. IX. 2009, R. Andrade et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 289587); Cave N 5 S _ 0071 (GEM- 1086), 14. III – 04. IV. 2010, R. Andrade et al. coll., 2 ♀ (IBSP 289590); Cave N 5 S _ 0082 (GEM- 1087) [6 ° 4 ' 5.5 " S, 49 ° 54 ' 15 " W], 14. III – 04. IV. 2010, R. Andrade et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 289591); Cave N 5 S _ 0078 (GEM- 1093) (6 ° 06 ' 08 '' S, 50 ° 08 ' 14 '' W), 14. III – 04. IV. 2010, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 174324); Cave N 5 S _ 0079 (GEM- 1094), 15 – 21. IX. 2009, R. Andrade et al. coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 289588); Cave N 5 SM 2 _ 0087 (GEM- 1733) (06 ° 07 ' 15 '' S, 50 ° 07 ' 43 '' W), 16. III. 2011, R. Zampaulo coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 190846); Cave N 5 SM 2 _ 0096 (GEM- 1698) (06 ° 08 ' 06 '' S, 50 ° 08 ' 11 '' W), 29. XI. 2010, R. Zampaulo coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 190848); 03. V. 2011, R. Zampaulo coll., 1 ♀ (IBSP 190849). ECUADOR, Zamora Chinchipe: Zamora: Copalinga Lodge (04 ° 5 ' 26.9 " S, 78 ° 57 ' 29.50 " W), 1 – 2. II. 2018, A. Anker & P. H. Martins coll., 1 ♀ (UFMG 28131).	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning “ deceiver ”, in reference to a set of finger-like lobules at the posterior region of the opisthosoma that resembles spinnerets, which are instead located ventrally.	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See diagnosis for the genus, which is monotypic.	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.taxon	description	Description. Male (based on the holotype IBSP 174325): Carapace dark brown with a beige median spot extending from the central area of the cephalic region to the posterior margin of the carapace, as wide as half the carapace width, bearing a v-shaped brown spot on the thoracic region (Figs 6 A, C); mouthparts and sternum orange. Legs orange with brown spots prolaterally on legs I – III and retrolaterally on leg IV (Figs 6 A, C, E). Opisthosoma with six dorsolateral conical tubercles and a set of posterior finger-like lobules, arising over a common base; dorsum dark grey with two anterior irregular grey spots in line with the first pair of dorsolateral tubercles and another pair of posterior irregular grey spots in line with the second pair of tubercles and many small gray spots over the dorsum; sides and venter beige (Figs 5 A, C, 6 A, C, E). Palp (Figs 7, 9 A – C): see description for the genus. Total length: 2.75. Carapace 1.27 long, 0.96 wide, 0.49 high. Sternum 0.54 long, 0.45 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09, AME – AME 1 / 3 AME diameter, AME – ALE 1 / 3 AME diameter, ALE – PLE contiguous, PLE – PLE 1 / 2 PLE diameter, PME – PLE 1 / 2 PME diameter. Leg formula 1243. Leg length total (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus): I: 2.83 (0.88, 0.37, 0.56, 0.6, 0.43); II 2.20 (0.69, 0.30, 0.44, 0.43, 0.34); III 1.62 (0.47, 0.27, 0.27, 0.26, 0.34, 0.29); IV 2.01 (0.63, 0.29, 0.41, 0.41, 0.29). Opisthosoma 1.56 long, 1.57 wide, 1.07 high. Female (based on the paratype IBSP 208661): Cephalothorax same color as in male (Figs 6 B, D). Legs and opisthosoma same color as in male (Figs 5 B, D, 6 B, D, F). Chelicera with three teeth on promargin and two teeth on retromargin and a field of denticles on fang furrow (Fig. 2 F). Epigyne (Figs 8, 9 D – F): see description for the genus. Total length: 3.33. Carapace 1.27 long, 1.0 wide, 0.46 high. Sternum 0.61 long, 0.54 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.10, PME 0.15, PLE 0.10, AME – AME 1 / 3 AME diameter, AME – ALE 1 / 4 AME diameter, ALE – PLE almost contiguous, on a tubercle, PLE – PLE 1 / 3 PLE diameter, PME – PLE 1 / 3 PME diameter. Leg formula 1432. Leg length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus): I: 2.77 (0.88, 0.43, 0.52, 0.53, 0.39); II 2.28, (0.71, 0.37, 0.42, 0.43, 0.35); III 1.64, (0.47, 0.27, 0.27, 0.25, 0.35, 0.31); IV 2.43, (0.81, 0.39, 0.46, 0.43, 0.33). Opisthosoma 2.17 long, 2.59 wide, 1.82 high. Natural history. Most specimens were collected within caves in iron formations in Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil. At least one specimen was collected outside caves at the Copalinga Lodge, Zamora Chinquipe, Ecuador, found resting on a silk thread in a microhabitat formed by a hollow in an embankment within a forested area (Fig. 1), indicating O. fallax sp. nov. as a troglophile species.	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Ecuador and Brazil (Fig. 10).	en	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
