identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.text	C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otxuruu Pantoja & Bonaldo & Brescovit & Labarque 2025	<div><p>Genus Otxuruu gen. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–10</p><p>Type species. Otxuruu fallax sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name is a noun meaning spider in Karaja language, in honor of the Karajás, indigenous people who inhabit the surrounding regions of the type locality, where most specimens were collected (Serra dos Carajás, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil). The gender is neuter.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males and females of Otxuruu gen. nov. resemble those of Naatlo Coddington, 1986 and Epeirotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (i.e., Epeirotypinae), by the thoracic area of the prosoma laterally swollen (Figs 2B, 6C, D; referred to “lateral shoulders” in Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 57, 74, 86), the conductor lacking a mesal blade that covers the embolus (Figs 7A, B, D, 9A, B; Coddington 1986: figs 42, 43, 71, 73; Dupérré &amp; Tapia 2017: fig. 7) and the domed (i.e., elevated ventrally) epigynal plate (Fig. 6D; Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 74, 86). Males and females of Otxuruu gen. nov. can be distinguished from those of other Epeirotypinae species by the spinneret-like lobules posteriorly projected on the opisthosoma (Figs 1B, 5A–D, 6A–F). Males can also be distinguished by the short embolus bearing two conspicuous embolic apophysis: one slender, long and curved, and the other, flat, robust, subquadrate in mesal view (Figs 7A, B, D, 9A, B) (in contrast with a bulky embolus lacking an embolic apophysis in the other Epeirotypinae genera; Coddington 1986: figs 43, 71, 73; Labarque et al. 2025: figs 14E, 15E, 18E, 24E, 26E). Females can also be distinguished by the sclerotized, wider than long scape (Figs 8A, C, 9D), the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts irregular and membranous (Figs 8B, D, 9F), the distal sector of the copulatory ducts flat and broad, sclerotized, inserted ventro-posteriorly in the spermathecae (Figs 8B, D, 9F) and the spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide (Figs 8B, D, 9F) (in contrast with an epigyne lacking a scape, the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts massive, the distal sector of the copulatory ducts short, simple, inserted laterally to posteriorly in the spermathecae, and ovoid to irregular spermathecae in the other Epeirotypinae genera; see Coddington 1986: figs 50, 51, 78, 80; Labarque et al. 2025: figs 17D, 19D, 20D, 21D, 22D, 23D, 25D).</p><p>Description. Prosoma longer than wide, narrower at cephalic region and slightly higher anteriorly (Figs 2A, B, 6A, B), smooth cuticle with a few anteriorly inclined setae near ocular area (Figs 2A, B). Ocular area anteriorly projected over clypeus in males, AME circular, the others ellipsoid. Sternum longer than wide, posterior margin narrower than anterior (Figs 2C, 6E, F); sternal pits on the anterior margin and small humps on anterolateral corners (Fig. 2C); scaly cuticle, setae inserted on cuticular protuberances (Fig. 2D). Chelicerae longer than wide. Labium wider than long, anterior margin convex (Fig. 2C). Endites ventrally projected.</p><p>Legs with scaly cuticle (Figs 3A–G), legs I–II a little more robust than III–IV (Fig. 6). Tibiae I–IV with dorsal trichobothria (Fig. 3G), bothrium with an elevated proximal plate (Fig. 3D). Patellae with a prolateral hump, large lyriform organs and a dorso-apical macroseta (Figs 3A, B, E, F). Tarsi with three claws (Figs 3H, I), elongated inferior claw, pectinate superior ones (Figs 3H–I), with serrated accessory setae near the claws (Figs 3H, I).</p><p>Opisthosoma longer than wide (Figs 5, 6), about two times higher than prosoma in females and 1.5 times higher in males; anterior margin straight with angular corners, dorsolateral margins with six conical tubercles (Figs 5A, B), posterior region with a cluster of finger-like lobules, spinneret-shaped, on a projection formed by cuticular folds (Fig. 5); in females, setae arise on sclerotized ellipsoid plates (Figs 4A, 5D). Spinnerets ventrally located (Figs 4B–D, 6C, D). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a large major ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin and ca. 40 piriform gland spigots, with many tartipores between them (Fig. 4B). Posterior median spinnerets with a large minor ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin, a large cylindrical gland spigot and three thin aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4C). Posterior lateral spinnerets with two aggregate gland spigots, two peripherical cylindrical gland spigots, one flagelliform and ten aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Male palp with a broad retrolateral cymbial lamella, occupying about 1/3 of the retrolateral face of the cymbium (Fig. 9C); basal retrolateral paracymbium hook-shaped with pointed apex (Fig. 9C); tegulum with a median ventral spur (Figs 7A, 9A); median apophysis robust, flat, with an anterior projection (Figs 7A, 9A); conductor wider than long, not covering the embolus (Figs 7A, B, 9A, B); embolic division bearing a short embolus and two apical embolic apophyses: a long, slender, coiled prolateral one, and a flat, large, subquadrate (in mesal view) retrolateral one (Figs 7A, B, 9A, B), with the opening of ejaculatory duct concealed on the posterior surface of the embolus.</p><p>Female epigynal plate with a small central pit, a pair of lateral pits and a transverse median line delimiting a scape (Figs 8A, C, 9D); scape sclerotized, laminar, wider than long, posteriorly projected, with an unsclerotized, wider than long median field (Figs 8A–C, E, 9D); copulatory openings wide, located posteriorly, hidden by the scape. Vulva with copulatory ducts composed by a wide, striated, translucent proximal sector, with a posterior fold, U-shaped in dorsal view (Figs 8B, D, 9F), positioned lateral to spermathecae; and a distal sector wide, flat and sclerotized, lying ventral to spermathecae, and tapering posteriorly into a cylindrical portion (Figs 8F–H, 9E); spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide, attached to each other along the inner wall and posteriorly curved outward (Figs 8B, D, 9F); fertilization ducts arise from the posterior region of the spermathecae, covered by two hyaline posterior tabs (Figs 8D, 9F).</p><p>Remarks. Due to the set of characters shared by Otxuruu gen. nov. and the epeirotypines Epeirotypus and Naatlo, Otxuruu gen. nov. is here included in Epeirotypinae (see Discussion).</p><p>Composition. Only the type species Otxuruu fallax sp. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Amazon Basin in Ecuador and Brazil (Fig. 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C72E7A69FF8FFFE0B8DCF9B8344C66A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pantoja, Paulo;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Labarque, Facundo M.	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.text	C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otxuruu fallax Pantoja & Bonaldo & Brescovit & Labarque 2025	<div><p>Otxuruu fallax sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–10</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.0905557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.133335/lat -6.0905557)">Floresta Nacional de Carajás</a>, Cave N5S_0076 (GEM-1091) (6°05'26''S, 50°08'00''W), Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 14.III–04.IV.2010, R. Andrade et al. coll. (IBSP 174325) . Paratypes: 1♀, same locality as the holotype (except 06°02'13"S, 50°15'59"W), 02–29.V.2015 (IBSP 208661); 2♀, same locality as the holotype (except Cave N5S_0071 (GEM-1086)), 25.VIII–03.IX.2009, R. Andrade et al. coll. (IBSP 289589); 1♀, same locality as the holotype (except Cave N4WS_0004 (GEM-1156), 6°04'21''S, 50°11'43''W), 18.XI– 01.XII.2010, F.P. Franco et al. coll. (MPEG. ARA 40842); 1♂ from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.97083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.1652777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.97083/lat 1.1652777)">Serra Tapirapecó</a> [1°9'55"N, 64°58'15"W], Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil, 29.XI.2010, R. Braga-Neto coll. (IBSP 279796) ; 1♀ from Altamira [3°12'01.3"S, 52°14'00.8"W], Pará, Brazil, IV.2011, M.E. Bichuette coll. (MPEG. ARA 40843) .</p><p>Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: Canaã dos Carajás: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave S11C_0168</a> (06°22'49"S, 50°22'35"W), 21.IV.2016, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental coll., 1♀ (IBSP 193167) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave SB_0230</a> (6°20'34''S, 49°59'43''W), 13–23.II.2014, C.A.R Souza &amp; J. Mascarenhas et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 174380) ; Paraupebas: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N4WS_0004</a> (GEM-1156) (6°04'21''S, 50°11'43''W), 10–19.V.2011, F.P. Franco &amp; C.A.R. Souza et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 177775) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5PSE-04</a> (PESE_0004 ou GEM-1864) (6°06'19''S, 50°09'06''W), 10–19.V.2010, I. Cizauskas et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 177777) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5PSL-01</a> (PESL_0001 ou GEM-1866) (6°04'07''S, 50°08'40''W), 10–19.V.2011, I. Cizauskas et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 177778) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5S_0069</a> (GEM-1084), 25.VIII–03.IX.2009, R. Andrade et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 289587) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5S_0071</a> (GEM-1086), 14.III–04.IV.2010, R. Andrade et al. coll., 2♀ (IBSP 289590) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5S_0082</a> (GEM-1087) [6°4'5.5"S, 49°54'15"W], 14.III–04.IV.2010, R. Andrade et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 289591) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5S_0078</a> (GEM-1093) (6°06'08''S, 50°08'14''W), 14.III–04.IV.2010, R. Andrade &amp; I. Cizauskas et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 174324) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5S_0079</a> (GEM-1094), 15–21.IX.2009, R. Andrade et al. coll., 1♀ (IBSP 289588) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5SM2_0087</a> (GEM-1733) (06°07'15''S, 50°07'43''W), 16.III.2011, R. Zampaulo coll., 1♀ (IBSP 190846) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.13639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1349998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.13639/lat -6.1349998)">Cave N5SM2_0096</a> (GEM-1698) (06°08'06''S, 50°08'11''W), 29.XI.2010, R. Zampaulo coll., 1♀ (IBSP 190848) ; 03.V.2011, R. Zampaulo coll., 1♀ (IBSP 190849). ECUADOR, Zamora Chinchipe: Zamora: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.95819&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0908055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.95819/lat -4.0908055)">Copalinga Lodge</a> (04°5'26.9"S, 78°57'29.50"W), 1–2.II.2018, A. Anker &amp; P.H. Martins coll., 1♀ (UFMG 28131) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin adjective meaning “deceiver”, in reference to a set of finger-like lobules at the posterior region of the opisthosoma that resembles spinnerets, which are instead located ventrally.</p><p>Diagnosis. See diagnosis for the genus, which is monotypic.</p><p>Description. Male (based on the holotype IBSP 174325): Carapace dark brown with a beige median spot extending from the central area of the cephalic region to the posterior margin of the carapace, as wide as half the carapace width, bearing a v-shaped brown spot on the thoracic region (Figs 6A, C); mouthparts and sternum orange. Legs orange with brown spots prolaterally on legs I–III and retrolaterally on leg IV (Figs 6A, C, E). Opisthosoma with six dorsolateral conical tubercles and a set of posterior finger-like lobules, arising over a common base; dorsum dark grey with two anterior irregular grey spots in line with the first pair of dorsolateral tubercles and another pair of posterior irregular grey spots in line with the second pair of tubercles and many small gray spots over the dorsum; sides and venter beige (Figs 5A, C, 6A, C, E). Palp (Figs 7, 9A–C): see description for the genus. Total length: 2.75. Carapace 1.27 long, 0.96 wide, 0.49 high. Sternum 0.54 long, 0.45 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 1/3 AME diameter, AME–ALE 1/3 AME diameter, ALE–PLE contiguous, PLE–PLE 1/2 PLE diameter, PME–PLE 1/2 PME diameter. Leg formula 1243. Leg length total (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus): I: 2.83 (0.88, 0.37, 0.56, 0.6, 0.43); II 2.20 (0.69, 0.30, 0.44, 0.43, 0.34); III 1.62 (0.47, 0.27, 0.27, 0.26, 0.34, 0.29); IV 2.01 (0.63, 0.29, 0.41, 0.41, 0.29). Opisthosoma 1.56 long, 1.57 wide, 1.07 high.</p><p>Female (based on the paratype IBSP 208661): Cephalothorax same color as in male (Figs 6B, D). Legs and opisthosoma same color as in male (Figs 5B, D, 6B, D, F). Chelicera with three teeth on promargin and two teeth on retromargin and a field of denticles on fang furrow (Fig. 2F). Epigyne (Figs 8, 9D–F): see description for the genus. Total length: 3.33. Carapace 1.27 long, 1.0 wide, 0.46 high. Sternum 0.61 long, 0.54 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.10, PME 0.15, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 1/3 AME diameter, AME–ALE 1/4 AME diameter, ALE–PLE almost contiguous, on a tubercle, PLE–PLE 1/3 PLE diameter, PME–PLE 1/3 PME diameter. Leg formula 1432. Leg length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus): I: 2.77 (0.88, 0.43, 0.52, 0.53, 0.39); II 2.28, (0.71, 0.37, 0.42, 0.43, 0.35); III 1.64, (0.47, 0.27, 0.27, 0.25, 0.35, 0.31); IV 2.43, (0.81, 0.39, 0.46, 0.43, 0.33). Opisthosoma 2.17 long, 2.59 wide, 1.82 high.</p><p>Natural history. Most specimens were collected within caves in iron formations in Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil. At least one specimen was collected outside caves at the Copalinga Lodge, Zamora Chinquipe, Ecuador, found resting on a silk thread in a microhabitat formed by a hollow in an embankment within a forested area (Fig.1), indicating O. fallax sp. nov. as a troglophile species.</p><p>Distribution. Known from Ecuador and Brazil (Fig. 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C72E7A69FF88FFECB8DCFA23347D648E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pantoja, Paulo;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Labarque, Facundo M.	Pantoja, Paulo, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Labarque, Facundo M. (2025): On Otxuruu, a new genus of Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881 (Araneae: Araneoidea) from the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 5737 (2): 254-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.2.5
