identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D5338299471155F8BD73790EE56CF163.text	D5338299471155F8BD73790EE56CF163.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima lapulapui Hong & James 2026	<div><p>Pheretima lapulapui sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 1, Table 1</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Philippines • one clitellate Catanduanes Province, Catanduanes Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.28333/lat 13.766666)">near Barangay Summit</a>, lowland forest, 13°46'N, 124°17'E; 275 m a. s. l., May 22, 2001; S. W. James leg. NMA 4813.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Philippines • two clitellates; same data as for holotype.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Philippines, Catanduanes Province, Catanduanes Island, near Barangay Summit, lowland forest 275 m a. s. l.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pheretima species with one pair of spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 at 12 th setal line, deep in intersegmental furrow, spermathecal pores 0.19–0.24 of the circumference apart from each other; striped dorsal pigmentation, paired spermathecae in VII, intestinal origin in XVI, vestigial typhlosole, septum 8 / 9 present, and wedge-shaped pads surrounding the copulatory bursal openings.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Deep-purple to black dorsal pigment, absent from setal rings, producing a strong stripe pattern interrupted by dorsal setal gaps (larger worms) or not interrupted (smaller worms); ventral side with reddish stripes (larger worms) or unpigmented except striped head and tail segments (small worms). Dimensions 132–200 mm by 8.5–10 mm at segment X, 8–10.5 mm at XXX, 7–10 mm at clitellum, segments 83–118; body circular in cross-section. Setae numbering 45–59 at VII, 72–74 at XX, 13–15 between male pores, setal size equal between dorsal and ventral sides but spacing closer on ventrum, setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 5: 3: 5: 10.5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pore: 12 / 13. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 at 12 th setal line, deep in intersegmental furrow, 5–7.5 mm between spermathecal pores 0.19–0.24 circumference apart from each other. 0.3–0.6 mm openings of copulatory bursae paired in XVIII at 11 th setal line, 3.9–7 mm between openings, 0.17–0.22 circumference apart from each other. Genital markings were lacking.</p><p>Septa 5 / 6–7 / 8 muscular, 8 / 9 membranous, 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11–12 / 13 thickly muscular, 13 / 14 thin gizzard in VIII, intestine begins in XVI; very small, paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal ceca simple originating in XXVII, extending anteriorly to XXIII, finger-shaped sac; typhlosole vestigial from XXVII, 34–38 intestinal blood vessels. Hearts in X – XIII; IX lateral; VIII to gizzard; VII connected to the ventral vessel.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels in XIII, one pair of spermathecae in VII with nephridia on ducts, spermathecae wrinkled ovate ampulla, barrel-shaped muscular duct shorter than ampulla, diverticulum pear-shaped iridescent chamber, and stalk shorter than ampulla. Male sex system holandric, testes, and funnels in paired ventral sacs at X – XI. Seminal vesicles, two pairs in XI – XII with apical dorsal lobe, prostates in XVIII with muscular ducts, curving around posterior side to enter upper posterior face of copulatory bursa without stalked glands; copulatory bursa openings surrounded by five wedges. The penis was bluntly conical with a male pore on the tip.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Table 1 includes the P. sangirensis group species with the following shared characteristics: striped dorsal pigmentation, paired spermathecae in VII, intestinal origin in XVI, and wedge-shaped pads surrounding the copulatory bursal openings. We included unpublished taxa from southern and central Luzon to facilitate comparisons in the table. Within this set of species P. lapulapui sp. nov. has the most setae between the male pores, generally more setae than the others, the widest male and spermathecal pore spacing, septum 8 / 9 present, and lacks a typhlosole.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Pheretima lapulapui sp. nov. shares morphological characteristics with the majority of the northern and central Luzon members of the species group, with paired spermathecae in VII, intestinal origin in XVI, and wedge-shaped pads surrounding copulatory bursal openings. Pheretima lapulapui sp. nov. is thus a slight geographical outlier because Catanduanes Island is closer to southern Luzon, adjacent to the Bicol Peninsula.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named in honor of the Philippine national hero, Datu (chief) Lapu-Lapu, whose army defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Mactan on April 17, 1521.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5338299471155F8BD73790EE56CF163	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2026): Earthworm fauna of Catanduanes Island, Philippines, including descriptions of two new species of the genus Pheretima (Clitellata, Megascolecidae). ZooKeys 1277: 101-111, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1277.157678
2825418717E15A1CBB1E36FA3072BA61.text	2825418717E15A1CBB1E36FA3072BA61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima portiae Hong & James 2026	<div><p>Pheretima portiae sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2, Table 2</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Philippines • one clitellate; Catanduanes province, Catanduanes Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.26667/lat 13.783334)">south of Barangay Summit on Virac-Viga Road</a>, 13°47'N, 124°16'E, May 21, 2001, S. W. James leg. NMA 4814.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Philippines • one clitellate, one aclitellate, same data as for holotype.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Philippines, Catanduanes province, Catanduanes Island, south of Barangay Summit on Virac-Viga Road, 13°47'N, 124°16'E.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>One pair spermathecal pores in 5 / 6, spermathecal pores 0.16 of the circumference apart; copulatory bursae openings 0.24 of the circumference apart; unpigmented segmental equators; hearts XI – XIII, intestinal origin XV; copulatory bursae with two pads on floor and adjoining ovate glands protruding from anterior, posterior sides of copulatory bursae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Medium purple-brown dorsal pigment absent on wide stripes at segmental equators. Dimensions 31–52 mm long, 2–2.5 mm wide at segment X, 3 mm at XXX, 3 mm at clitellum, segments 76–84; body circular in cross-section. Setae counts 40–42 at VII, 41–44 at XX, 4–6 between male pores, more widely spaced dorsally; setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 2: 2: 2.5: 4 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pore: 12 / 13. One pair of spermathecal pores in 5 / 6, 1 mm between spermathecal pores 0.16 of the circumference apart in 3 rd to 4 th setal lines, openings of copulatory bursa paired in XVIII, 1.5 mm between openings, 0.24 of the circumference apart in 6 th to 7 th setal lines. Genital markings lacking.</p><p>Septa 5 / 6–7 / 8 thick, 8 / 9 thin, 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11–11 / 12 slightly thickened, 12 / 13 13 / 14 progressively thinner. Gizzard in VIII; intestine begins in XV; small paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal ceca simple originating in XXVII, and extending anteriorly to XXV; finger-shaped sac; typhlosole low, thick fold from XXVII. Hearts in XI – XIII; X absent; IX lateral; VIII to gizzard; VII lateral with small connections to anterior edge of gizzard.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae paired in VI with nephridia on ducts, spermathecae ovate ampulla; broad muscular duct shorter than ampulla, diverticulum chamber spherical with iridescence, sessile, or with a very short stalk at duct – ampulla junction. Male sexual system holandric, testes, and funnels in paired ventral sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII lacking dorsal lobes; prostates in XVII – XIX, 2 or 3 lobes wrapped in arc around copulatory bursae; straight muscular ducts, entering center of copulatory bursae without stalked glands; copulatory bursae openings flanked by anterior posterior oval pads connected to large glandular bodies clearly visible from body cavity, one each at anterior posterior edges of copulatory bursae; penis an oval transverse disk with a small ridge elevated laterally.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Pheretima portiae sp. nov. belongs to the urceolata group of Sims and Easton (1972), which comprises 26 Pheretima species, with spermathecal pores in 5 / 6. See James (2004 b) regarding the history of synonymy among non-Philippine members for a review of the taxonomy of the group. Gates (1961) and Aspe and James (2017) identified some Philippine specimens as P. urceolata, which was previously known in Indonesia. We relied on the synthesis of P. urceolata morphological data from James (2004 b) and Aspe and James (2017) in our comparisons of the new species. Pheretima portiae sp. nov. is the only member of the species group with unpigmented segmental equators, an intestinal origin in XV, and without hearts in X according to our morphology summary in Table 2. To further distinguish this species from others, the head setae count is approximately the same as the seta count in XXV rather than lower, and there are only two bursal pads on the floor. The two bursal pads have large gland masses that are visible within the body cavity as separate bulges protruding from the anterior and posterior ends of the bursae. The glands are broadly connected, not stalked, and appear to be bursae outgrowths. Luzon Island species of the urceolata group generally lack hearts in X, whereas those of Mindanao Island have hearts in X. An intestinal origin in XVI is the most common among Luzon species and varies from XV to XVIII in Mindanao.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after our chief coordinator and facilitator in the Philippines, Portia Nillos-Kleiven. She navigated institutional policies, procedures, and the people responsible for issuing permits for biodiversity surveys.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2825418717E15A1CBB1E36FA3072BA61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2026): Earthworm fauna of Catanduanes Island, Philippines, including descriptions of two new species of the genus Pheretima (Clitellata, Megascolecidae). ZooKeys 1277: 101-111, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1277.157678
AA9EE8DC62FF53919ECC394A7DB5179A.text	AA9EE8DC62FF53919ECC394A7DB5179A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima undefined-1	<div><p>Pheretima sp. 1</p><p>Fig. 3, Table 2</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Philippines • one clitellate: Catanduanes province, Catanduanes Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.26667/lat 13.783334)">south of Barangay Summit on Virac-Viga Road</a>, 13°47'N, 124°16'E, 21 May 2001, S. W. James leg. NMA 4815</p><p>Description.</p><p>Medium purple-brown dorsal pigment much lighter on segmental equators. Dimensions 128 mm by 5 mm at segment X, 5.5 mm at XXX, 4.5 mm at clitellum, segment 122; body circular in cross-section. Setae 31 at VII, 52 at XX, 6 between male pores, dorsal setae larger, more widely spaced; setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 2: 2: 4: 5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pore: 12 / 13. One pair of spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 at the 3 rd setal lines, 1 mm between spermathecal pores, 0.06 of the circumference apart, openings of copulatory bursa paired in XVIII at the 5 th to 6 th setal line, 2.4 mm between openings, 0.14 of the circumference apart. Genital markings lacking.</p><p>Septa 5 / 6–7 / 8 thick, 8 / 9 very thin, 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11–11 / 12 thickened, 12 / 13 and 13 / 14 progressively thinner. Gizzard in VIII, intestine begins in XVI, small, paired lymph glands from XXX along the dorsal vessel, intestinal ceca simple originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly to XXIII, finger-shaped sac; typhlosole low-fold from XXVII, 30–32 intestinal blood vessels. Hearts in XI – XIII; X absent; IX lateral; VIII to gizzard; VII lateral with small connections to anterior edge of gizzard.</p><p>Ovaries and funnels in XIII, one pair of spermathecae in VI with nephridia on ducts, spermathecal ampulla elongate oval; barrel-shaped muscular duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum chamber elongate oval, no iridescence, diverticulum stalk shorter than ampulla. Holandric male sexual system, testes, and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles, two pairs in XI – XII with long apical dorsal lobe; small pseudo-vesicles in XIII; prostates in XVIII; stout muscular ducts, straight to top of copulatory bursae without stalked glands; copulatory bursae openings surrounded by three oval pads; wedge-shaped penis gradually increasing in height, laterally supported by bulbous projection from roof, pore at lateral tip of wedge.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This specimen probably represents another species from the secondary forests of central Catanduanes Island, indicating that our survey did not capture all the earthworm diversity in the area. This specimen had the following distinguishing combination of characteristics: hearts missing in X, septum 8 / 9 present, segmental equators lightly pigmented, head setae fewer than postclitellar setae (31 vs 52), and intestinal origin in XVI. We were not strict with respect to the setal count criterion because of the wide ranges in these counts for most species. Other species that match these characteristics are P. batoensis Hong &amp; James, 2009, P. bicolensis Hong &amp; James, 2009, P. buhiensis Hong &amp; James, 2009, P. gorasi Hong &amp; James, 2009, and P. viracensis Hong &amp; James, 2009 (Table 2). All were from locations close to Mount Isarog or the same as the present taxon, in the case of P. viracensis . The reproductive pore spacing was much larger in P. batoensis and P. viracensis, and both lacked septa 8 / 9. Neither P. buhiensis nor P. gorasi had setae between the male openings (vs six), and the former had far more setae in the postclitellar segments. Pheretima bicolensis lacks typhlosoles and septa 8 / 9, both of which are present in Pheretima sp. 1 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA9EE8DC62FF53919ECC394A7DB5179A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2026): Earthworm fauna of Catanduanes Island, Philippines, including descriptions of two new species of the genus Pheretima (Clitellata, Megascolecidae). ZooKeys 1277: 101-111, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1277.157678
