identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AC09407376E15794852201ABCBDDAE3B.text	AC09407376E15794852201ABCBDDAE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyraulus semskyinyizla Zhang 2025	<div><p>Gyraulus semskyinyizla Zhang sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: KIZ.2500010, referring to GS 1 in COI tree, site 1 in Lake Bitahai, Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, on submerged rock near shore, 3550 m above sea level . Paratypes: 9 specimens, KIZ.2500011 –2500019, 2500011 referring to GS 2, 2500012 referring to GS 3, and 2500013 referring to GS 4 in COI tree, sites 1, 2 and 3 in Lake Bitahai, Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, on submerged wood and rocks, around 3540 m above sea level .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after the Tibetan name of Shangri-La City, ” ས ེ མས ་ ཀ ྱ ི ་ ཉ ི ་ ཟ ླ ་ ག ྲ ོ ང ་ ཁ ྱ ེ ར ། ” (Sems kyi nyi zla). The recommended Chinese name is “日月旋螺”.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell very small (Table 1), Pseudodextral, light yellow, thin, discoidal, with 3.5–4 regularly increasing whorls; shell surface rough, with dense spiral striae and vertical growth lines, forming fine reticulate pattern, with short hairs which follow the spiral striae, several weak keels on each whorl; aperture ovate, inner lip tightly attaching to body whorl, Pseudo-umbilicus widely open, shallow, nearly all whorls visible from pseudo-umbilicus side (Figs 3 C, D, 5). Animals light grey, mantle roof with dense fine black dots pattern but normally not visible through the shell (Fig. 6 A).</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Only known from the locality Lake Bitahai. Prefers hard substrates such as rocks and submerged wood.</p><p>COI sequence data.</p><p>The COI phylogeny (Fig. 7) shows that Gyraulus semskyinyizla sp. nov. forms a moderately well-supported clade (pp = 0.93) and falls within a highly supported pectinate clade (pp = 0.98) including species from China ( G. chinensis, G. xingtian, G. luguensis, Gyraulus spp. from Yunnan and Xizang), Nepal ( Gyraulus spp.), India ( Gyraulus convexiusculus) and Iraq ( Gyraulus huwaizahensis). The shortest uncorrected p-distance of COI between Gyraulus semskyinyizla sp. nov. and other species within this clade (KC 495829 Gyraulus sp. from Lake Yangzonghai of Yunnan) is around 3.8 %</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species has a highly variable shell outline, from round (Fig. 5 D), keeled (Fig. 5 F) to even square-shaped (Fig. 5 B). However, it can be distinguished from its congeners, especially Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848), by its (1) rough shell surface with many obvious spiral lines, and (2) mantle roof with dense fine black dots, that are normally not clearly visible through the shell (Fig. 6 A). Gyraulus chinensis has a relatively smooth shell and a sparse large dots pattern on the mantle that is easily visible through the shell.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC09407376E15794852201ABCBDDAE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Liu, Shu-Wei;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Zhang, Le-Jia, Liu, Shu-Wei, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): Three new species of Valvatidae, Planorbidae, and Lymnaeidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Lake Bitahai, Yunnan Plateau, China. ZooKeys 1264: 249-263, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1264.170832
30B7A3F099D45FCAA1CC0F95F6872B55.text	30B7A3F099D45FCAA1CC0F95F6872B55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Radix shangrila Zhang 2025	<div><p>Radix shangrila Zhang sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: KIZ.2500020, referring to RS 1 in COI tree, site 1 in Lake Bitahai, Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, on submerged rock near shore, around 3540 m above sea level . Paratypes: 8 specimens, KIZ.2500021 –2500028, 2500021 referring to RS 2, 2500022 referring to RS 3, and 2500023 referring to RS 4 in COI tree, sites 1, 2 and 3 in Lake Bitahai, Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, on submerged wood and rocks, 3550 m above sea level .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after Shangri-La City. The recommended Chinese name is “中甸萝卜螺”.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell medium (Table 1), yellow, glossy, with 4 whorls enlarging rapidly, spire short and pointed; aperture very large and ear-shaped, columellar fold weak, the lower half of the inner apertural lip straight and sloping outward away from central axis (Fig. 8). Animals light grey, mantle roof with evenly dispersed black-grey pigment, without round spots (Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Only known from the locality Lake Bitahai. Prefers hard substrates such as rocks and submerged wood.</p><p>COI sequence data.</p><p>The COI sequence phylogeny (Fig. 9) shows that Radix shangrila sp. nov. forms a well-supported clade (pp = 1) within an unresolved polytomy (hexatomy) that includes the Yunnan lakes’ species flock ( Radix sp. Lake Lugu and Radix sp. Lake Yangzonghai), Radix plicatula, and Radix sp. from Laos (pp = 0.95). The different Radix snail morphotypes (Fig. 8 A - RS 1 in Fig. 9; Fig. 8 D - RS 4 in Fig. 9) from Lake Bitahai are all R. shangrila sp. nov. based on the COI sequence analysis. The shortest uncorrected p-distance of COI between R. shangrila sp. nov. and other species within this clade (MT 344013 Radix sp. Lake Lugu clade A) is around 5.1 %.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Although this species has a variable shell outline (such as Fig. 8 A &amp; D), it can be distinguished from its congeners, especially Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), Radix yunnanensis Nevill, 1877, and Radix plicatula (Benson, 1842), by its (1) weak columellar fold, (2) straight columellar lip sloping outward away from the central axis, and (3) mantle roof without round spots (Fig. 6 B). The three other Radix species mentioned above, have a relatively strong columellar fold, a curved columellar lip sloping inward to central axis, and a mantle roof with large round spots (Nevill 1877; Vinarski et al. 2020). Radix yunnanensis is distributed in Yingjiang County, a tropical region of southwestern Yunnan (Nevill 1877), far from the alpine region of Lake Bitahai in northwestern Yunnan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30B7A3F099D45FCAA1CC0F95F6872B55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Liu, Shu-Wei;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Zhang, Le-Jia, Liu, Shu-Wei, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): Three new species of Valvatidae, Planorbidae, and Lymnaeidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Lake Bitahai, Yunnan Plateau, China. ZooKeys 1264: 249-263, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1264.170832
415560C284495168A127BEF835B4DFCA.text	415560C284495168A127BEF835B4DFCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valvata bitaensis Zhang 2025	<div><p>Valvata bitaensis Zhang sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: KIZ.2500001, site 2 in Lake Bitahai, Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, on submerged wood, 3550 m above sea level . Paratypes: 8 specimens, KIZ.2500002 –2500009, 2500002 referring to VB 2 and 2500009 referring to VB 1 in COI tree, site 1 and 2 in Lake Bitahai, Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, on submerged wood and rocks, around 3540 m above sea level .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after the type locality Lake Bitahai. The recommended Chinese name is “碧塔盘螺”.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell very small (Table 1), light yellow to brown, thin, discoidal, with 3–3.5 regularly increasing whorls; shell surface with dense fine growth lines both in adult and embryonic shell, spiral whorls flat disc-shaped, last 1 / 5 body whorl always uncoiling and twisting diagonally downward; aperture round, inner lip always detached from body whorl, umbilicus widely open, nearly all whorls visible from umbilicus side. Operculum round, thin, concave, 6–7 dextral whorls (Figs 2, 3 A, B).</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Only known from Lake Bitahai. Prefers hard substrates such as rocks and submerged wood.</p><p>COI sequence data.</p><p>The COI phylogeny (Fig. 4) shows that Valvata bitaensis sp. nov. forms a well-supported sister clade (pp = 1) of Valvata succinea endemic to Lake Lugu of northwestern Yunnan (pp = 1). The uncorrected p-distance of COI between these two species is around 4.5 %.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species has fine, dense ribs (Fig. 3 A, B) and the inner lip of the aperture is always detached from the body whorl. Sometimes the shell is uncoiled, by which it can be easily distinguished from all known Valvata species, especially Valvata succinea Chen, He &amp; Fan, 2024 another endemic Valvata species of Yunnan’s lakes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/415560C284495168A127BEF835B4DFCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Liu, Shu-Wei;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Zhang, Le-Jia, Liu, Shu-Wei, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): Three new species of Valvatidae, Planorbidae, and Lymnaeidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Lake Bitahai, Yunnan Plateau, China. ZooKeys 1264: 249-263, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1264.170832
