identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DF4ACFB8BA375DF2B4FCA80A171A6B50.text	DF4ACFB8BA375DF2B4FCA80A171A6B50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetragnatha hirashimai Okuma 1987	<div><p>Tetragnatha hirashimai Okuma, 1987</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7</p><p>Tetragnatha hirashimai Okuma, 1987: figs 25, 26 A – K.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise Prefecture, Jingxi City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.44417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.074722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.44417/lat 23.074722)">Wuling Forest Park</a>; 24 Jun. 2023; 23°4'29"N, 106°26'39"E; 821 m a. s. l.; Jinxin Liu, Zongguang Huang, Yun Liang, Jinnan Liu, Yecheng Wu leg.; HNU 1075, HNU 1110 • 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.58667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.624166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.58667/lat 21.624166)">Wangtianshu Scenic Area</a>; 27 Jun. 2023; 21°37'27"N, 101°35'12"E; 577 m a. s. l.; Jinxin Liu, Zongguang Huang, Yun Liang, Jinnan Liu, Yecheng Wu leg.; HNU 520 • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.27056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.916945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.27056/lat 21.916945)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>; 30 Jun. 2023; 21°55'1"N, 101°16'14"E; 577 m a. s. l.; Jinxin Liu, Zongguang Huang, Yun Liang, Jinnan Liu, Yecheng Wu leg.; HNU 521 –523 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Both males and females of T. hirashimai are similar to those of T. mandibulata Walckenaer, 1841 . Males have a slender abdomen, and similar paracymbium with a translucent lobe occupying half of its width and strongly curved “ a ” situated near the dorsal surface of chelicerae (Fig. 6 E, H), and females have an elongate genital fold, and similar chelicerae with strongly curved fangs, conspicuous cheliceral bulge (CB) and distinct bulky AXl (Fig. 5 F), but the two species can be distinguished by: (1) male L 2 (the second tooth of the lower row from the distal end) distinctly enlarged compared to the other teeth in this species, vs L 2 not enlarged relative to the other teeth in males of T. mandibulata (cf. Fig. 6 I with fig. 11 E in Castanheira et al. 2019); (2) females chelicerae with cusp located at the median position of the fang in this species, vs at the basal position of the fang in females of T. mandibulata (cf. Fig. 5 E with fig. 12 E, F in Castanheira et al. 2019); (3) central membranous sac (CS) spherical, and smaller than spermathecae in species, vs long oval, slightly bigger than spermathecae in females of T. mandibulata (cf. Fig. 5 H with fig. 12 I in Castanheira et al. 2019).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. Total length 8.92. Carapace 2.45 long, 1.16 wide, yellow-brown; cervical groove distinct; radial grooves indistinct; fovea arc-shaped (Fig. 5 A). Anterior and posterior eye rows recurved; lateral eyes close together. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.10, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11; AME – AME 0.12, AME – ALE 0.14, PME – PME 0.14, PME – PLE 0.13. MOA 0.33 long, anterior width 0.34, posterior width 0.36. Clypeus 0.07 high. Legs slender, with similar color to the carapace. Leg measurements: I 27.32 (8.61, 0.89, 8.36, 7.53, 2.17), II 16.55 (5.30, 0.71, 4.43, 4.97, 1.14), III 7.61 (2.86, 0.37, 1.67, 2.01, 0.70), IV 16.41 (5.95, 0.58, 3.95, 4.81, 1.12). Chelicerae yellow-brown, bearing a smooth cheliceral bulge (CB) between the upper row and lower row; AXl bulky; upper row with 10 teeth, Gu bulky and separated from U 2 widely; lower row with six teeth, Gl slightly thinner than Gu and larger than L 2, widely separated from L 2; median cusp (MC) situated approximately midway along the length of the fang (Fig. 5 D – F). Sternum 1.29 long, 0.91 wide, dark brown. Maxillae dark brown, longer than wide, distal ends widened. Labium dark brown, wider than long. Abdomen 6.46 long, 1.27 wide, dorsally covered with silver guanine spots; anterior one-third slightly swollen, posterior two-thirds slender (Fig. 5 A).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 5 G, H): genital fold longer than wide. Spermathecae paired, large and oval, with their outer margin slightly sclerotized. CS spherical, located between spermathecae, connected by a thin stalk.</p><p>Male. Total length 7.82. Carapace 2.13 long, 1.23 wide, yellowish brown; cervical groove distinct; radial grooves indistinct; fovea arc-shaped (Fig. 6 A). Anterior eye row strongly recurved; bases of anterior and posterior lateral eyes contiguous. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.10, PME 0.11, PLE 0.10; AME – AME 0.10, AME – ALE 0.14, PME – PME 0.14, PME – PLE 0.15. MOA 0.27 long, anterior width 0.31, posterior width 0.37. Legs slim, with similar color to the carapace (Fig. 6 A - C). Leg measurements: I 28.29 (8.93, 0.78, 8.56, 7.73, 2.29), II 16.93 (5.31, 0.75, 4.62, 4.98, 1.27), III 8.10 (2.83, 0.45, 1.86, 2.19, 0.77), IV 16.83 (6.07, 0.61, 3.98, 4.95, 1.22). Chelicerae yellow, the bases of male dorsal apophyses (“ a ”) perpendicular to chelicerae, with distal ends curved toward the bases of the fangs, AXu small; upper row with nine teeth, Gu bulky, separated from U 2; lower row with 11 teeth, Gl small and close to the robust L 2 (Fig. 6 H - J). Sternum 1.05 long, 0.82 wide, dark brown, shield-shaped (Fig. 6 B). Maxillae brown, longer than wide, with widened distal ends. Labium wider than long. Abdomen 5.69 long, 1.09 wide, slender, with dorsal silver guanine spots (Fig. 6 A, B).</p><p>Palp (Fig. 6 D - G). Paracymbium with strongly divided notch, translucent lobe occupying half of the paracymbium width and knob elbow-like and blunt. Cymbium distal half narrower than basal half in dorsal view. Tegulum oblate-spherical, sperm duct visible through cuticle. Conductor extending slightly beyond the distal end of the cymbium. Embolus encircling genital bulb clockwise for approximately three-quarters of a circle, distal half alongside and protected by conductor.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Tetragnatha hirashimai Okuma, 1987 has impressive cheliceral fangs, especially in the female. This species had not been reported again in nearly four decades since it was described for the first time in 1987 based on specimens from New Guinea. The original description included numerous informative illustrations, such as habitus, abdomen, eye group, and ventral genital region of the female; chelicerae of both sexes; the paracymbium, and partial conductor and embolus of the male (fig. 26 in Okuma, 1987). However, the vulva was not illustrated, and the drawings of male palpal organ were not sufficiently detailed — particularly regarding key structures such as the embolus and conductor, where only distal portions were shown without showing a specified viewing angle.</p><p>Although we identified our specimens as T. hirashimai in this study, several differences between our specimens and Okuma’s should be recognized. First, the cheliceral fangs in females exhibit a subtle difference in shape. In the original drawings, the fangs are strongly bent, forming distinct dorsal projections at the midpoint (fig. 26 F, G in Okuma, 1987), whereas in our specimen, the fangs lack dorsal projections and are smoothly curved at the corresponding position (Fig. 5 D – F). Secondly, in dorsal view, the male cheliceral apophysis (a) is horizontally aligned with the Gu in our specimen (Fig. 6 I), whereas in the original drawings, the ‘ a’ (fig. 26 A in Okuma, 1987) is positioned below the Gu, and the two structures are not horizontally aligned. However, it is crucial to note that the original description included only hand-drawn line illustrations provided by the author, which may differ to some extent from the actual structure or from photographs taken of the specimens.</p><p>We also noted that T. mertoni Strand, 1911, which was found in Indonesia, may represent a senior synonym of T. hirashimai . The two species appear highly similar based on the original illustrations (cf. fig. 45 in Strand, 1911 with fig. 26 F, G in Okuma, 1987). Furthermore, given the known distribution of T. hirashimai in Papua New Guinea and its newly recorded presence in China in this study, it is plausible that this species also occurs in intermediate regions, such as Indonesia. However, since only a hand-drawn illustration of the chelicerae was provided in the original description of T. mertoni, and the types have not been examined, this issue remains unresolved and requires further investigation in future studies.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan, new record), Papua New Guinea (Fig. 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF4ACFB8BA375DF2B4FCA80A171A6B50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Changtao;Huang, Zongguang;Yin, Haiqiang;Xu, Xiang	Liu, Changtao, Huang, Zongguang, Yin, Haiqiang, Xu, Xiang (2026): New data on long-jawed spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnatha) from China. ZooKeys 1269: 225-236, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.177630
B7E4AACB9B595EC4B26A1A13D3764D56.text	B7E4AACB9B595EC4B26A1A13D3764D56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetragnatha Latreille 1804	<div><p>Genus Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Sweden.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This genus resembles Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 in having elongate chelicerae (Fig. 2) and the absence of a sclerotized epigynum (Figs 1 E, 4 E, 5 G), but it can be distinguished by the following characters: (1) maxillae elongate with widened distal ends in Tetragnatha, vs maxillae of normal proportions, not elongate, in Pachygnatha (cf. Fig. 1 B, E with fig. 1 B in Huang et al. 2024); (2) abdomen narrow, elongate, and nearly cylindrical in Tetragnatha, vs abdomen oval or spherical in Pachygnatha (cf. Fig. 1 A with fig. 1 A in Huang et al. 2024); (3) lateral eyes lacking tapeta in Tetragnatha, vs tapeta present in lateral eyes of Pachygnatha (cf. Fig. 1 C with fig. 1 C in Huang et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7E4AACB9B595EC4B26A1A13D3764D56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Changtao;Huang, Zongguang;Yin, Haiqiang;Xu, Xiang	Liu, Changtao, Huang, Zongguang, Yin, Haiqiang, Xu, Xiang (2026): New data on long-jawed spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnatha) from China. ZooKeys 1269: 225-236, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.177630
0BFC8358E20855EA8DEBF21F4C746789.text	0BFC8358E20855EA8DEBF21F4C746789.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetragnatha tricuspidata Liu & Huang & Yin & Xu 2026	<div><p>Tetragnatha tricuspidata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 Chinese name: 三尖肖蛸</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: China • ♂; Shaanxi Province, Baoji City, Feng County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.53001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.860832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.53001/lat 33.860832)">Ma Village</a>; 33°51'39"N, 106°31'48"E; 1672 m a. s. l.; 6 Jun. 2022; Ailan He, Jinxin Liu, Zongguang Huang, Yun Liang, Yu Hui, Yingli Wen, Yang Liu leg.; HNU 1092 . Paratypes. China • 1 ♀; Shaanxi Province, Baoji City, Feng County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.795555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.686947" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.795555/lat 32.686947)">Tongtianhe River National Forest Park</a>; 32°41'13"N, 106°47'44"E; 2046 m a. s. l.; 5 Jun. 2022; same collectors as holotype; HNU 1111 • 1 ♀; Sichuan Province, Bazhong City, Nanjiang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.93166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.66417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.93166/lat 32.66417)">Guangwushan – Nuoshuihe UNESCO Global Geopark, Micangshan Mountain</a>; 32°39'51"N, 106°55'54"E; 1406 m a. s. l.; 2 Jun. 2022; same collectors as holotype; HNU 1113 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Both male and female of the new species resemble those of T. bifurcata Li &amp; Liu, 2022 . Males have a similar conductor with two folds and a bifurcated distal end, with the fang slightly curved toward the lower view, and females of the two species are similar in the shape of genital fold and in having short and laterally bulging chelicerae (with the same number of teeth), but the two species differ in the following characters: (1) male dorsal apophysis (a) located near the dorsal surface of the chelicera, away from the promarginal tooth in new species, vs located midway between the promarginal tooth and the dorsal surface of the chelicera in T. bifurcata (cf. Fig. 2 A with fig. 1 D in Li et al. 2022); (2) distal end of conductor with three tips in new species, vs two tips in T. bifurcata (cf. Fig. 4 D with fig. 1 L in Li et al. 2022); (3) the anterior pair of spermathecae are spherical and the posterior pair of spermthecae are oblong in new species, vs both the anterior and posterior pair of spermathecae are spherical in T. bifurcata (cf. Fig. 4 F with fig. 2 H in Li et al. 2022).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Total length 5.12. Carapace 2.01 long, 1.28 wide, yellowish brown; cervical groove dark; radial grooves indistinct; fovea inverted V-shaped (Fig. 1 A). Bases of anterior and posterior lateral eyes contiguous. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.08, PME 0.10, PLE 0.09; AME – AME 0.10, AME – ALE 0.17, PME – PME 0.17, PME – PLE 0.18. MOA 0.27 long, anterior width 0.28, posterior width 0.38. Legs slender, similar in colour to carapace (Fig. 1 A – C), trichobothria present on femur. Leg measurements: I 19.19 (5.44, 0.67, 5.81, 5.91, 1.36); II 13.10 (3.89, 0.75, 3.73, 3.76, 0.97); III 5.82 (2.02, 0.49, 1.32, 1.42, 0.57); IV 11.34 (3.71, 0.49, 2.90, 3.37, 0.87). Chelicerae yellow, “ a ” situated near the dorsal surface of chelicera, with flat end; AXu short and bifurcate, AXl absent; upper row with five teeth, Gu smaller than U 2, distance between Gu and U 2 shorter than that between U 2 and U 3; lower row with five teeth, Gl equal in size to L 2 (Figs 2 A – C, 3). Sternum 1.06 long, 0.84 wide, yellow, shield-shaped (Fig. 1 B). Maxillae yellowish brown, longer than wide, with widened distal ends. Labium wider than long. Abdomen 3.10 long, 1.23 wide, elliptical, dorsally with irregular silver guanine spots interspersed with brown markings (Fig. 1 A, C).</p><p>Palp (Fig. 4 A – D). Tibia twice as long as wide, distal dorsal margin extended into plate-like protuberance. Paracymbium with a triangular knob, a shallow notch, and a translucent lobe occupying almost 1 / 3 the width of paracymbium in retrolateral view. Cymbium constricted medially, distal portion curled into semi-enclosed configuration. Tegulum like a sphere missing both ends in ventral view. Conductor distal end divided into two branches, ventral branch with an additional median tip, resulting in three tips (in retrolateral view, the additional median tip appears as a short line between branches; in ventro-prolateral view, its full shape is visible) (Fig. 4 B, D). Embolus with broad basal half circling clockwise around the bulb, slender distal half extending toward bases of distal tip of conductor (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Female (paratype). Total length 6.47. Carapace 1.96 long, 1.25 wide, yellowish green; cervical groove dark; radial grooves indistinct; fovea triangular (Fig. 1 D). Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.07, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09; AME – AME 0.10, AME – ALE 0.19, PME – PME 0.17, PME – PLE 0.16. MOA 0.30 long, anterior width 0.29, posterior width 0.36. Leg measurements: I 18.19 (5.13, 0.72, 5.59, 5.46, 1.29); II 12.23 (3.58, 0.76, 3.20, 3.56, 1.13); III 5.41 (1.76, 0.47, 1.24, 1.29, 0.65); IV 10.49 (3.52, 0.52, 2.58, 2.99, 0.88). Chelicerae slightly green; upper row with five teeth, U 2 largest and separated from Gu widely; lower row with six teeth, L 2 largest and separated from Gu slightly (Fig. 2 D – F). Sternum 1.06 long, 0.82 wide, yellow-green, shield-shaped. Maxillae yellowish green, longer than wide, with widened distal ends. (Fig. 1 E). Abdomen 4.51 long, 1.40 wide. Other somatic characters as in male.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 4 E, F). Genital fold wider than long. Two pairs of spermathecae: anterior pair nearly spherical, posterior pair oblong; anterior pair situated between posterior spermathecae. Central membranous sac (CS) absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is from the Latin tricuspidatus (“ three-tipped ”), referring to the conductor bearing three distal tips; adjective.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BFC8358E20855EA8DEBF21F4C746789	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Changtao;Huang, Zongguang;Yin, Haiqiang;Xu, Xiang	Liu, Changtao, Huang, Zongguang, Yin, Haiqiang, Xu, Xiang (2026): New data on long-jawed spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnatha) from China. ZooKeys 1269: 225-236, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1269.177630
