identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BE4BA407FFC9BA3F079E0947FB00F98B.text	BE4BA407FFC9BA3F079E0947FB00F98B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taophila (Lapita)	<div><p>TAOPHILA (LAPITA) APHRODITA GÓMEZ-ZURITA, 2014</p><p>The original description of  T. aphrodita noted the torsion of the penis of the single male available for analysis and it was interpreted as a possible anomaly (Gómez-Zurita &amp; Cardoso, 2014). However, the study of a larger number of specimens for the current work has shown that this is a constant, diagnostic trait for the species (Fig. 9), making these males easily distinguishable from any other known species, including the closely allied  T. atlantis, which shows only a slight lateral torsion of the penis. Newly available data also helped to recognize a larger area of distribution of the species in central Grande Terre relative to our previous knowledge (Fig. 6). Material examined: Province Sud: (1)   one female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.81667/lat -21.616667)">Col d’Amieu</a>, top of hill, 21°37’S 165°49’E, 450 m, 9 February 2004, ad lucem, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (2)   two females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.79666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.585" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.79666/lat -21.585)">Col d’Amieu</a>, 3 km from gate, loc. 2, 21°35.1’S 165°47.8’E, 500 m, 6 January 2007, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (3)   two females and two males,  Col d’Amieu, 3.5 km from gate, loc. 3, 21°35.1’S, 165°4[...’E], 490 m, 6 Janury 2007, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (4)   three females and one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7738&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.5868" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7738/lat -21.5868)">Col d’Amieu</a>, 6.5–7.0 km to gate, -21.5868 165.7738, 450 m, 14 November 2008 (one female) and 15 November 2008 (two females, male), leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (5)   one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.77129&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.57993" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.77129/lat -21.57993)">Col d’Amieu</a>, 7.6 km to gate, -21.57993 165.77128, 600 m, 15 November 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (6)   two females and one male, Farino, Parc des Grandes Fougères, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.75406&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.61176" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.75406/lat -21.61176)">Camp de la Houe</a>, -21.61176 165.75406, 400 m, 13 November 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (7)   three males, Farino, Parc des Grandes Fougères, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.61859" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7557/lat -21.61859)">Aire des Araucarias</a>, -21.61859 165.7557, 400 m, 14 November 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (8)   three females and two males, Farino, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.77519&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.59929" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.77519/lat -21.59929)">Parc des Grandes Fougères</a>, track and forest N of Pic Vincent, -21.59929 165.77519, 670 m, 17 November 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (9)   six females and five males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.5962" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7765/lat -21.5962)">Parc des Grandes Fougères</a>, N of Pic Vincent, -21.5962 165.7765, 650 m at night (two females, two males), 650–680 m (four females, three males), 5 November 2010, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (10)   one female and two males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.6006" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7749/lat -21.6006)">Parc des Grandes Fougères</a>, N of Pic Vincent, -21.6006 165.7749, 680 m, 5 November 2010, at light, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (11)   one male (IBE-JGZ-3938), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.6006" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7749/lat -21.6006)">Parc des Grandes Fougères</a>, N of Pic Vincent, -21.6006 165.7749, 680 m, 5 November 2010, at light, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (IBE-JGZ); (12)   three females, Parc des Grandes Fougères, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.6152" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7736/lat -21.6152)">Aire des Carpolepis</a>, -21.6152 165.7736, 550 m, 5 November 2010, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (13)   six females and four males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.5918" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7745/lat -21.5918)">Parc des Grandes Fougères</a>, N of Pic Vincent, -21.5918 165.7745, 600–680 m, 6 November 2010, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (14)   four females and one male (IBE-JGZ-3946), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7753&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.6108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7753/lat -21.6108)">Parc des Grandes Fougères</a>, N of Aire des Carpolepis, -21.6108 165.7753, 550–600 m, 6 November 2010, night beating, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (15)   three females and one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.6095" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7747/lat -21.6095)">Parc des Grandes Fougères</a>, N of Aire des Carpolepis, -21.6095 165.7747, 550–600 m, 7 November 2010, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (16)   nine females and four males, Farino, Parc des Grandes Fougères, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7746&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.60948" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7746/lat -21.60948)">Pic Vincent</a> track, -21.60948 165.77459, 640 m (one female), 600–670 m (eight females, four males), 17 November 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (17)  one female (IBE-JGZ-3942) and   one male (IBE-JGZ-3939), Farino, Parc des Grandes Fougères, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.7746&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.60948" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.7746/lat -21.60948)">Pic Vincent</a> track, -21.60948 165.77459, 600–670 m, 17 November 2008, leg. M. Wanat (IBE-JGZ)  .   Province Nord: (1) one female and one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.5302&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.408" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.5302/lat -21.408)">Col des Roussettes</a>, rainforest E of river, -21.4080 165.5302, 520 m, 2 December 2010, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (2)   one female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.31667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.31667/lat -21.15)">Aoupinié</a>, road to sawmill, 21°09’S 165°19’E, 420–530 m, 7 February 2004, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (3)   one female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.28786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.18144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.28786/lat -21.18144)">Aoupinié</a>, gate, -21.18144 165.28785, 900 m, 27 November 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (4)   one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.32349&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.32349/lat -21.1489)">Aoupinié</a>, refuge, -21.14890 165.32348, 400 m, 29 November 2008, beating rainforest, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (5)   two females and one male (one with: IBE-JGZ-3963), Aoupinié, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.2879&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1814" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.2879/lat -21.1814)">Goipin</a> rd jct to gate, -21.18140 165.28790, 850–900 m, 20 November 2010, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (MNHW); (6)   one male (IBE-JGZ-3963), Aoupinié, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.2879&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.1814" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.2879/lat -21.1814)">Goipin</a> rd jct to gate, -21.18140 165.28790, 850–900 m, 20 November 2010, leg. M. Wanat and R. Ruta (IBE-JGZ)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE4BA407FFC9BA3F079E0947FB00F98B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Platania, Leonardo;Cardoso, Anabela;Gómez-Zurita, Jesús	Platania, Leonardo, Cardoso, Anabela, Gómez-Zurita, Jesús (2020): Diversity and evolution of New Caledonian endemic Taophila subgenus Lapita (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1123-1154
BE4BA407FFCDBA3904670F71FDA1FC09.text	BE4BA407FFCDBA3904670F71FDA1FC09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taophila (Lapita)	<div><p>TAOPHILA (LAPITA) MARS SAMUELSON, 2010</p><p>Material examined: Province Sud: (1) two males, Koghi Mts., humid forest, 22°11’S 166°30’E, 450–600 m (one male), 500 m, ad lucem (one male), 11 February 2004, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (2) five females and one male, Mt. Koghi, 22°10.7’S 166°30.4’E, 420–450 m (maquis) (four females, one male), 450–500 m (rainforest) (one female), 16 December 2006, leg. M. Wanat and R. Dobosz (MNHW); (3) one female and one male, Koghi Mts., auberge and forest, -22.17809 166.50569, 470–500 m, 24 October 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (4) one female and four males (one with: IBE- JGZ-3958), Koghi Mts., roadside, -22.17631 166.50138, 340 m, 25 October 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (5) two females and one male, Koghi Mts., rainforest, -22.17809 166.50569, 500–520 m, 25 October 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (6) one female (IBE-JGZ-3943), Koghi Mts., rainforest, -22.17809 166.50569, 500–520 m, 25 October 2008, leg. M. Wanat (IBE-JGZ); (7) three females and three males, Koghi Mts., rainforest, -22.17809 166.50569, 500–550 m, 27 October 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (8) two females, Koghi Mts., auberge to Vallee des Houps, -22.17809 166.50569, 500–550 m, 3 December 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW); (9) two females, Koghi Mts., track to Cascade, forest, -22.17809 166.50569, 500–550 m, 4 December 2008, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW). Province Nord: (1) one male (IBE-JGZ-3954), Hienghène, parking near bridge, ruderal, 20°41’S 164°56’E, 20 m, 4 February 2004, leg. M. Wanat (MNHW). Based on the locality data of holo-, allo- and paratopotypes of this species (Samuelson, 2010) and of the specimens studied by Gómez-Zurita &amp; Cardoso (2014; Province Sud, Monts des Koghis, c. 300 m S of Koghi Restaurant, -22.18288 166.50490, 457 m, 17 November 2006, leg. Fabrice Caulson), it was established that  T. mars only occurs in several places at low and middle elevations (340– 600 m) on Mont Koghi (which is 1061 m high). The study of the abundant material in the entomological collection of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Wroclaw (MNHW, Wroclaw) confirmed the narrow endemicity of the species in this area in southern Grande Terre (Fig. 6). The single male specimen labelled as originating from Hienghène, in a completely different biome in the northern coast of Grande Terre, matched the type of  T. mars and shared the rrnS haplotype with several other specimens of this species from Mont Koghi. Given the ecological differences, the uneven intervening topography and the large geographic separation between these two localities (some 230 km in a straight line) and the lack of genetic differentiation of the specimen with  T. mars from the type locality, it is likely that this specimen was mislabelled. This increased knowledge about the confinement of  T. mars to Mont Koghi also raises the question about the actual identity of most of the specimens considered by Samuelson (2010) to be conspecific with his type of  T. mars . The author listed as paratypes a number of specimens from many localities, ranging from Ponérihouen, in the central northern part of Grande Terre, to the Forêt de Thy, near the southern town of Saint-Louis, one or two valleys south from the localities in the Mont Koghi (small white circles in Fig. 6). Based on our current understanding on the diversity and distribution of  Taophila subg. Lapita, most of these specimens (which we did not examine) must belong to other described or still unknown species. Because most of these localities are in areas where more than one species of  Lapita occur, we cannot predict their taxonomic attribution without studying the specimens.</p><p>Distribution: This species is only known with certainty from Mont Koghi in southern Grand Terre.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE4BA407FFCDBA3904670F71FDA1FC09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Platania, Leonardo;Cardoso, Anabela;Gómez-Zurita, Jesús	Platania, Leonardo, Cardoso, Anabela, Gómez-Zurita, Jesús (2020): Diversity and evolution of New Caledonian endemic Taophila subgenus Lapita (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1123-1154
BE4BA407FFC0BA3607CA0921FBBCFC07.text	BE4BA407FFC0BA3607CA0921FBBCFC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taophila (Lapita)	<div><p>TAOPHILA (LAPITA) GAEA GÓMEZ-ZURITA, 2014</p><p>In the course of the current study, we have not found any additional specimens ascribable to  T. gaea, besides the series from Canala that was studied to recognize and describe this species (Gómez-Zurita &amp; Cardoso, 2014). We here take the opportunity to note that in the article with the original description, there was an error in the caption to figure 3, so that the names of  T. mars and  T. gaea were swapped (Gómez-Zurita &amp; Cardoso, 2014: 117). Moreover, for comparative purposes, we placed this species in context with the remaining species of the subgenus relative to the apical profile of elytra and chromatic patterns of legs and antennae (Fig. 2K).</p><p>MTDNA DATA AND SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS</p><p>A total of 39 specimens of the subgenus  Lapita of  Taophila, including representatives of all the new species hypothesized in this work and new samples of  T. aphrodita and  T. mars, were tested for their DNA and some proved effective for amplification of short mtDNA fragments (Table 1). A 403-nucleotide segment of COI was successfully sequenced in 15 specimens, while a 510–516-nucleotide long rrnS segment was obtained from 18 specimens. Only 30.8% of the specimens analysed yielded sequences for both markers, but 56.4% produced some useful sequence data and they included at least one representative of every species known to date.</p><p>The phylogenetic tree supported the species hypotheses based on morphology, remarkably in the case of species for which there was already information available, so that the new specimens had identical or similar haplotypes to these already published (Fig. 8). The obtained tree topology was apparently naturally unbalanced with most nodes receiving high support, except those representing soft polytomies in the clade of species with strongly sinuous costae on the elytra of females, and also the relationships within the clades of  T. gaea,  T. oceanica and  T. ouranos on the one hand and  T. aphrodita,  T. atlantis and  T. kronos on the other. The first split in the phylogeny separated, with relatively high bootstrap support (BS&gt; 80%), the species  T. tridentata from all the other species with only two lateral teeth on the sides of pronotum. The next split separated two clades, one with the pair  T. hermes and  T. olympica, and the other with all the other species, characterized among other things, as mentioned, by their females showing a characteristic sigmoid costa laterally on elytra. The clock-constrained Bayesian tree using a single representative sequence per species showed the same structure and relationships, but with comparatively lower posterior probability (PP = 0.65) for the first split separating  T. tridentata from the other  Lapita, effectively resulting in a basal trichotomy in the tree, and conversely with higher support (PP = 0.88–0.91) defining two distinctive clades among the species with sinuous costae on the elytra of females (Fig. 11).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE4BA407FFC0BA3607CA0921FBBCFC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Platania, Leonardo;Cardoso, Anabela;Gómez-Zurita, Jesús	Platania, Leonardo, Cardoso, Anabela, Gómez-Zurita, Jesús (2020): Diversity and evolution of New Caledonian endemic Taophila subgenus Lapita (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1123-1154
BE4BA407FFC3BA3506E70AA2FAADF8BF.text	BE4BA407FFC3BA3506E70AA2FAADF8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taophila Heller 1916	<div><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF  TAOPHILA SUBGENUS  LAPITA</p><p>1. Three lateral teeth on pronotum. Species from Mandjélia ..........................................................  T. tridentata</p><p>-. Two lateral teeth on pronotum.......................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Males: antennae long, reaching at least middle of elytra, with antennomeres thick, particularly in the case of scape; first protarsomeres and to some extent first mesotarsomeres expanded laterally; dorsal surfaces usually paler with greenish metallic reflections and elytra without costae ................................................. 3</p><p>-. Females: antennae shorter, thinner, typically bicolorous; all tarsi narrow, slender; dorsal surfaces generally darker and elytra typically with lateral costae (Fig. 4)................................................................................ 12</p><p>3. Absence of black erect hairs on periscutellar and sutural areas of elytra .................................................... 4</p><p>-. Presence of sparse, black, erect hairs on elytra, more apparent in anterior third and periscutellar area of elytra (generally visible in lateral position of specimens) ............................................................................. 6</p><p>4. Tarsi pale and concolourous with the remainder of leg; antennae similarly pale, only slightly darkened in distal half. Species from L’Aoupinié ...................................................................................................  T. kronos</p><p>-. Tarsi darker than the remainder of leg; antennae darkened beyond third antennomere ............................. 5</p><p>5. Smaller species (4.0– 4.7 mm). Dorsal surfaces dark brown with slight metallic reflection, lightly covered with pubescence, more abundant at sides of pronotum and apical half of elytra; sides of elytra tapering apically. Species from Mandjélia........................................................................................................  T. hermes</p><p>-. Larger species (4.5–5.9 mm). Dorsal surfaces paler, particularly elytra, without conspicuous metallic shine and rather uniformly and densely covered with copious pale pubescence; apex of elytra round. Species from l’Aoupinié ................................................................................................................................  T. olympica</p><p>6. Distal half of antennae darkened; apex of elytra slightly angulate. Group of  T. aphrodita ......................... 7</p><p>-. Antennae rather uniformly brown; apex of elytra rounded. Group of  T. mars .............................................. 8</p><p>7. With scattered, long, dark, erect hairs on elytra apically, clearly standing out from ground golden pubescence. Penis laterally recurved towards apex. Species from the Central Massif (Col d’Amieu, Farino) .........................................................................................................................................................  T. aphrodita</p><p>-. Scattered, short, dark hairs intermingled with ground golden pubescence. Penis without a clear torsion and produced at apex. Species from the central east coast of Grande Terre (Tchamba, Canala).  T. atlantis</p><p>8. Tarsi darker than tibiae................................................................................................................................... 9</p><p>-. Tarsi concolourous with tibiae........................................................................................................................ 10</p><p>9. Dorsum of elytra with few, long, dark, erect hairs in periscutellar area. Tarsi blackish. Apex of penis pointed at right angle. Species from southern interior forests of Grande Terre (Rivière Bleue, Dzumac Mts.) .....................................................................................................................................................  T. riberai</p><p>-. Surface of elytra with scattered, long, dark, erect hairs. Tarsi slightly darker than tibiae at apex. Penis broadly arched at apex. Species from Mt. Do...................................................................................  T. ouranos</p><p>10. With few, scattered, long and erect dark hairs at apex of elytra; hairs at both sides of suture in apical declivity oriented laterally; tip of apical antennomere concolourous (Fig. 2H). Species from Monts Koghi ...............................................................................................................................................................  T. mars</p><p>-. Long, dark hairs absent at apex of elytra; pubescence tending to radial orientation in apical declivity; tip of apical antennomeres black ........................................................................................................................ 11</p><p>11. Elytra more regularly convex and with rounder profile at apex, with denser, lanuginose pubescence. Species from the east coast of Grande Terre (Thio-Canala)................................................................  T. gaea</p><p>-. Lateroapical impressions on elytra more pronounced, with conjoined apex of elytra not following a regular curve; pubescence on apical half of elytra less regularly distributed. Species from the Central Massif ...........................................................................................................................................................  T. oceanica</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE4BA407FFC3BA3506E70AA2FAADF8BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Platania, Leonardo;Cardoso, Anabela;Gómez-Zurita, Jesús	Platania, Leonardo, Cardoso, Anabela, Gómez-Zurita, Jesús (2020): Diversity and evolution of New Caledonian endemic Taophila subgenus Lapita (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1123-1154
