identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5B51B33F6E9053808CEA182CBCA6963E.text	5B51B33F6E9053808CEA182CBCA6963E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gliophorus alboviscidus D. J. Harries & G. W. Griff. 2026	<div><p>Gliophorus alboviscidus D. J. Harries &amp; G. W. Griff. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the white colour and viscid nature of the basidiomata.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Basidiomata resembling Gliophorus irrigatus, but lacking grey or brownish colours. ITS sequences strongly divergent (9.7 %).</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>UK • Wales, Pembrokeshire, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.9913&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.9913/lat 51.661)">Somerton Farm near Hundleton</a>, 51.6610, -4.9913, in undisturbed grazed grassland, 18 Oct 2021, D. J. Harries (voucher ABS: DJH 21 -29, [ABS = Aberystwyth University biorepository], holotype; K-M 001434165, isotype) (GenBank ITS: OP 220998; nrLSU: OP 221000). UNITE / PlutoF: SH 0910869.10 FU (1.5 % threshold) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 10–40 mm diam., convex to broadly campanulate, becoming applanate to subumbonate with age, margin faintly translucently striate to one third of disc, viscid, white with pale Buff tint (1.0 Y 6.0 / 7.0) over the centre (Fig. 1 A, B). Stipe 30–50 × 3–5 mm, cylindrical, hollow, viscid, white. Lamellae subdecurrent to decurrent, white. Taste and odour indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, (5.5 –) 6.0–8.0 × 4.5–6.0 (– 6.5) μm (mean 7.0 × 5.0), Q = 1.2–1.7 (mean 1.4) (type collection, 3 sporocarps, n = 70), spore print white. Basidia 40–50 × 5–8 μm, predominantly 4 - spored. Cystidia absent on lamellae. Hymenophoral trama sub-regular. Pileipellis and stipitipellis an ixotrichoderm.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Recorded on soil in undisturbed grassland managed through cattle-grazing and hay cropping or of low nutrient status, regularly mown, amenity grassland, unploughed for over 50 years and not subjected to any synthetic fertiliser application.</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Basidiomes hitherto only observed in the UK, but eDNA data suggest a wider distribution across north-east Asia (Fig. 3 A).</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>UK • England, West Sussex, Henfield, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.2765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.9325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.2765/lat 50.9325)">St. Peter’s Church</a>, 50.9325, -0.2765, in mown grassland (cemetery) on soil, 27 Sep 2019, Clare M. Blencowe, ABS: CMB 54; K-M 001434166), morphologically near-identical to holotype (Fig. 1 C, D) (ITS: OP 220999) .</p><p>An exact match to the ITS 2 sequence of this species was detected in soil eDNA (ITS 2: PX 746787) from ancient grassland at Hardwick Hall, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England (52.2294, 0.7023; Griffith, unpublished data; Fig. 3 A).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>By way of a common English name for this new species, we suggest pearlescent waxcap (Cap Cwyr Perlaidd in Welsh).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B51B33F6E9053808CEA182CBCA6963E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Harries, David J.;Blencowe, Clare M.;Leal-Dutra, Caio A.;Lodge, D. Jean;Harrington, Alison H.;Bye, Ruby;Pearse, Zach;Russell, Stephen D.;Williams, Jessica;Ré, Lauren A.;Griffith, Gareth W.	Harries, David J., Blencowe, Clare M., Leal-Dutra, Caio A., Lodge, D. Jean, Harrington, Alison H., Bye, Ruby, Pearse, Zach, Russell, Stephen D., Williams, Jessica, Ré, Lauren A., Griffith, Gareth W. (2026): Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions. MycoKeys 127: 307-341, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823
BBD6FD83E83B5519BBB7B8B59AC5BC51.text	BBD6FD83E83B5519BBB7B8B59AC5BC51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gliophorus calunus L. A. Re, D. Tighe, W. Cardimona, M. Hackney & Leal-Dutra 2026	<div><p>Gliophorus calunus L. A. Ré, D. Tighe, W. Cardimona, M. Hackney &amp; Leal-Dutra sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Cal – for California where the holotype and most of the additional collections were found by the California Fungal Diversity Survey and unus – Latin for one, referring to the number one in the provisional name for this species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pileus glutinous, margin usually inrolled, Pearl Gray, Light Drab to Drab, Dark Drab, Cinnamon or Tawny Olive at centre, usually paler towards margin. Stipe viscid with horizontal bands of contrasting translucence. Resembling Gliophorus subaromaticus from the same north-western North American coast to coastal range conifer forests, but differs in pileus centre usually with Drab tones vs. Buff to Olive-buff or buffy-brown tones, lamellae bright blue vs. white under UVf 365 nm, pileus margin usually inrolled vs. straight and lacking an odour vs. usually with a disagreeable odour.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>USA • California, Mendocino Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.7537&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.4045" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.7537/lat 39.4045)">Jackson Demonstration State Forest</a>, 39.4045, -123.7537 (accuracy 12 m), ca. 140 m a. s. l., 22 Dec 2023, D. Tighe, (voucher HAY: F-012170 [California State University East Bay Fungarium], iNaturalist: 194601188, holotype) (GenBank ITS: PQ 619233). UNITE / PlutoF: SH 0910864.10 FU (1.5 % threshold) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 6–24 mm diam., convex to broadly convex with an incurved margin, becoming plane or nearly so, sometimes with an umbo, colour Pearl Gray in type, Light Drab to Drab, Cinnamon or Tawny Olive, usually paler towards margin, strongly viscid to glutinous especially when young, margin often translucent-striate. Stipe 20–60 × 3–9 mm, often concolorous with the pileus, slimy viscid, horizontal bands of contrasting translucence (marbled), glabrous, equal or slightly tapered at base, some slightly curved or nodulose; context hollow. Lamellae sinuate or slightly arcuate, white, sometimes tinted pale grey or drab, 1–2 (– 3) lengths lamellulae inserted, bright blue under UVf 365 nm. Taste and odour indistinct.</p><p>Basidiospores hyaline, ellipsoid, (6.7 –) 7.5–9.6 (– 10.8) × (4.1 –) 4.4–5.5 (– 6.5) µm, mean Q = 1.7–1.8 in the holotype and iNaturalist: 148430507 from northern California, (6.1 –) 6.5–8.6 (– 9.6) × (4.1 –) 4.3–5.2 (– 5.6) µm, mean Q = 1.6 in iNaturalist: 1102000323 from Olympia in northern Washington. Basidia 4 - sterigmate, with typical (non-toruloid) basal clamp connections. Cystidia absent on lamellae. Hymenophoral trama subregular. Pileipellis and stipitipellis an ixotrichoderm, with slender embedded hyphae lacking toruloid clamp connections.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Holotype growing on a mossy sandbank amongst grasses, sedges and cattails, near Vaccinium ovatum and Notholithocarpus densiflorus . Typically found in coastal Cupressaceae - dominated forests (coastal redwood, Sequoia sempervirens and western red cedar, Thuja plicata), often mixed with hardwoods and other conifers (western hemlock and Douglas fir).</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Occurs in coastal forests of western North America, recorded from northern California and western Washington State, USA, but likely occurring throughout coastal Cupressaceae - dominated forests in western North America, especially Thuja plicata . (Fig. 5 A).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>USA • (1) California, Humboldt Co., Eureka Area, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.1309&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.6897" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.1309/lat 40.6897)">Headwaters Forest Reserve, Headwaters Forest Trail</a>, 40.6897, -124.1309, ca. 45 m a. s. l., under redwood ( Sequoia) and alder ( Alnus), Feb 2023, M. Hackney, iNaturalist: 148430507, ITS: OR 593565 (HAY-F-000642) ; (2) Washington, Thurston, County, N of Olympia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.9012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0738" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.9012/lat 47.0738)">W of South Bay</a>, 47.0738, -122.9012, ca. 10–20 m a. s. l., 22 Nov 2021, L. Ré &amp; S. Hickey (iNaturalist: 102000323) .</p><p>Additional sequenced specimens with photographs.</p><p>USA • (1) California, Humboldt Co., Trinidad, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.1313&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.079" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.1313/lat 41.079)">Strawberry Rock Trail</a>, 41.0790, -124.1313 (187 m accuracy), ca. 190 m a. s. l., 17 Nov 2023, N. Siegel CSALVA 37, northern Franciscan (coastal) redwood forest, (NS 1093, UCSC) ; (2) Marin Co., Bolinas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.6577&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.9404" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.6577/lat 37.9404)">Bolinas Fairfax Rd.</a>, 37.9404, -122.6577, ca. 45 m a. s. l., under coastal redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens), Tanoak ( Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and Vaccinium spp., 6 Jan 2024, D. Tighe, iNaturalist: 195986180, ITS: PQ 619243, (HAY-F-012180) ; (3) ibid., Mendocino Co., Jackson Demonstration State Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.7787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.3606" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.7787/lat 39.3606)">near Caspar Orchard Rd.</a>, 39.3606, -123.7787, ca. 110 m a. s. l., under coastal redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens), western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla), evergreen huckleberry ( Vaccinium ovatum) and tanoak ( N. densiflorus), 19 Jan 2025, D. Lyons, iNaturalist: 259023907, ITS: PV 520938 (HAY-F-013708) ; (4) ibid, San Mateo Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.7787&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.3606" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.7787/lat 39.3606)">SW of Redwood City</a>, 37.4700, -122.27 (28.4 km accuracy), Jan 2025, Y.-M. Wang, iNaturalist: 260206232 ; (5) ibid., Santa Cruz Co., Santa Cruz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.0436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.0195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.0436/lat 37.0195)">Henry Colwell Redwoods State Park</a>, 37.0195, -122.0436, ca. 160 m a. s. l., 13 Feb 2023, D. Lyons, iNaturalist: 148743563, ITS: PQ 822173 (OMDL 11) . (6) Washington, King Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.0914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.2675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.0914/lat 47.2675)">Auburn, 188 th Ave. SE</a>, 47.2675, -122.0914, ca. 45 m a. s. l., 31 Oct 2023, Y.-M. Wang, iNaturalist: 189684363 (PSMS 1465) ; (7) ibid., Mason Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.148" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.063/lat 47.148)">near Little Skookum Inlet and SE Lynch Rd.</a>, 47.1480, -123.0630, ca. 10–20 m a. s. l., 2 Dec 2024, S. Ness, iNaturalist: 253949042 (OLY-0918) ; (8) ibid., Thurston, County, N of Olympia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.89716&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.06976" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.89716/lat 47.06976)">W of South Bay</a>, 47.06976, -122.89716, ca. 20 m a. s. l., 25 Nov 2023, B. Funkhouser, iNaturalist: 192129100 ; (9) ibid., Boston Harbor, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.89779&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.1315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.89779/lat 47.1315)">near Boston Harbor Rd. NE and Bromley Ln NE</a>, 47.13150, -122.89779, 8 m accuracy, ca. 10 m a. s. l., 25 Dec 2024, M. Koons, iNaturalist: 256218784 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Gliophorus calunus resembles G. subaromaticus, but differs in pileus centre usually with Drab tones vs. Buff to Olive-buff or buffy-brown tones, lamellae bright blue vs. white under UVf 365 nm, pileus margin usually inrolled vs. straight and lacking an odour vs. usually with a disagreeable odour. Both species occur in north-western North American coastal forests dominated by Cupressaceae, with G. calunus growing from soil beneath both Sequoia sempervirens and Thuja plicata, whereas G. subaromaticus has hitherto only been recorded under S. sempervirens . G. calunus appears to be a more widespread and abundant species (Fig. 5 A, B). The pileus of G. fumosus, hitherto only collected in eastern North America, but with eDNA sequences extending into western North America (Fig. 5 D), is usually tinted more greyish-brown and differs in having a straight margin. Coastal conifer forests where G. calunus likely occurs in north-western North America are currently threatened by heavy logging. We suggest California Slimy Waxcap as the common English name for this new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBD6FD83E83B5519BBB7B8B59AC5BC51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Harries, David J.;Blencowe, Clare M.;Leal-Dutra, Caio A.;Lodge, D. Jean;Harrington, Alison H.;Bye, Ruby;Pearse, Zach;Russell, Stephen D.;Williams, Jessica;Ré, Lauren A.;Griffith, Gareth W.	Harries, David J., Blencowe, Clare M., Leal-Dutra, Caio A., Lodge, D. Jean, Harrington, Alison H., Bye, Ruby, Pearse, Zach, Russell, Stephen D., Williams, Jessica, Ré, Lauren A., Griffith, Gareth W. (2026): Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions. MycoKeys 127: 307-341, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823
549E343B7E9A5B36A0D01452B8CBF290.text	549E343B7E9A5B36A0D01452B8CBF290.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gliophorus fumosus D. J. Lodge, S. D. Russell & Leal-Dutra 2026	<div><p>Gliophorus fumosus D. J. Lodge, S. D. Russell &amp; Leal-Dutra sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Fumosus = smoke, referring to the type locality in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and to the smoky colour of the stipe.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Basidiomata resembling Gliophorus irrigatus but basidiospores shorter (5.6–7.4 vs. 6.5–9) and hitherto recorded only in North America.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>USA • North Carolina, Haywood Co., Great Smoky Mt. National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.1208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.6164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.1208/lat 35.6164)">Cataloochie Cove, near Rough Fork &amp; Big Fork Ridge trails</a>, 35.6164 -83.1208, in forest, 12 Aug 2005, E. B. Lickey &amp; D. J. Lodge (voucher TENN-F-061868 [DJL 05 NC 50], holotype) (GenBank ITS: KF 291086). UNITE / PlutoF: SH 0910862.10 FU (1.5 % threshold) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 10–35 mm diam., shape variable amongst and within collections, narrowly to broadly campanulate with a mammalate umbo when young in the type and iNaturalist: 145165934 and iNaturalist: 178924890, often parabolic-umbonate or convex-hemispheric with a low umbo, becoming broadly parabolic or broadly convex with age with or without a low umbo, margin straight, translucently striate one third to two thirds to centre, glutinous or viscid, Drab (9.0 YR 5.5 / 2.5) or greyish-brown with darker striae and Dark Greyish-Brown (6.0 R 2.0 / 1.0) centre (Fig. 7). Stipe 30–60 × 2–5 mm, cylindrical, hollow, often tapered at base and flared at apex, rarely caespitose; surface Smoke Grey (2.5 Y 6.0 / 2.4 to 5.0 Y 7.0 / 2.0), drab grey or Drab (9.0 YR 5.5 / 2.5), glutinous to viscid, hyphae with small clamps. Lamellae 5–10 mm broad, sinuate with a small to large decurrent tooth, white, pale grey towards pileus, regular, 1–2 lengths of lamellulae inserted, edges concolorous, slightly wavy. Lamellae of iNaturalist: 290749159 emitted an intense blue light under UVf 365 nm. Taste and odour indistinct. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 5.6–7.2 (– 7.4) × 4–5.6 µm (mean 6.7 × 4.6), Q = 1.3–1.6 (– 1.7), (mean 1.5) (type collection n = 20). Basidia 35–82 × 7.2–15.2 µm, 4 - spored with medallion clamps at base. Cystidia absent on lamellae. Hymenophoral trama subregular, comprised of cells 19.2–82 × 8.8–15.2 µm, gelatinisation absent, conducting elements abundant in context at the lamellar edge. Pileipellis and stipitipellis an ixotrichoderm.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Recorded on forest soil, with one eDNA record detected in Fagaceae roots (Arkansas, USA). iNaturalist: 290749159 was collected between a bog and pond under Quercus sp. and Nyssa sylvatica, with abundant Vaccinieae in the understorey. Habitats covered in eDNA studies include prairie and alpine habitats extending to western USA in addition to eastern forests.</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Basidiomes known only from eastern North America, but eDNA data suggests distribution as far west as Arizona, Colorado and Oregon (Fig. 5 D).</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>USA • (1) Indiana, Porter Co., North Mineral Springs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.5155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.9369" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.5155/lat 40.9369)">Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Dune Acres, Cowles Bog Trail</a>, 41.6495, -87.0744, 4 Jul 2017, S. D. Russell, MM 6069 (PUL 00035147; F 20317), (ITS: ON 562444) ; (2) Ohio, Summit Co., Green, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.5155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.9369" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.5155/lat 40.9369)">Nimisila Reservoir Metro Park</a>, 40.9369, -81.5155, 18 Jun 2025, Jessica Williams, 2025 SMP 20, iNaturalist: 290749159 (ITS: PX 103270), KEF 015 as “ Gliophorus ‘ irrigatus - IN 01 ’.</p><p>Additional records based on photographs and ITS sequences.</p><p>Sequenced photographic records posted on iNaturalist are all &lt;1 % divergent from the holotype sequence (all within SH 0910862.10 FU), provisionally named ‘ irrigatus-IN 01 ’.</p><p>Canada • New Brunswick, Queens, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.1106&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.9458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.1106/lat 45.9458)">Jemseg Grand Lake Watershed</a> (45.9458, -66.1106, 8 Sep 2022, A. Justo [voucher at NBM]), iNaturalist: 134364174, (ITS: PQ 469140) .</p><p>USA • (1) Wisconsin, Ashland Co., Apostle Islands LTA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.6656&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.7922" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.6656/lat 46.7922)">Madeline Island</a>, 46.7922, -90.6656, 19 Sep 2023, K. Canan [voucher OMDL 01567]), iNaturalist: 183983484, (ITS: PP 516736) ; (2) Pennsylvania, Huntingdon Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.7552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.6944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.7552/lat 40.6944)">Alan Seeger Natural Area</a>, 40.6944, -77.7552, 18 Aug 2023, J. Plischke, voucher JP 23-0492, iNaturalist: 193184758 (ITS: PQ 469141) ; (3) Pennsylvania, Somerset Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.10461&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.17824" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.10461/lat 40.17824)">Sequanota Lutheran Conference Center and Camp Estate</a> (40.17824, -79.10461, 2 Sep 2023, J. Plischke [voucher N 23-1072]), iNaturalist: 181314311 (ITS: PQ 469142) ; (4) New York, Oswego Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.2047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.551" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.2047/lat 43.551)">Pulaski</a>, 43.5510, -76.2047, 17 Aug 2023, P. DeSanto, voucher MYCO-1000032 (CM 23-80169), iNaturalist: 178924890 (ITS: CM 23-80169) ; (5) New York, Oneida Co., Rome, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.56605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.23238" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.56605/lat 43.23238)">Sand Plains Unique Area</a> (43.23238, -75.56605, 27 Sep 2022, D. McCheyne, voucher: MYCO-1000031, iNaturalist: 136883620 (ITS: DMc 055) .</p><p>Additional environmental sequences.</p><p>USA: Arkansas, clone OTU_368, from (ectomycorrhizal) Fagaceae roots, (ITS 2: MF 665108). DNA of this species was detected in a range of woodland, prairie and alpine habitats in North America (Fig. 5 D; 617 sequences deposited at NCBI SRA under PRJNA 1327291).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The macroscopic characters are not diagnostic for this species. Macroscopic characters such as the presence of an umbo varies amongst collections and amongst specimens within a collection and the microscopic characters do not vary distinctly amongst species in this complex. The basidiospores are slightly shorter than those of G. irrigatus s. s. from Europe as noted in the diagnosis, but slightly longer than spores of G. parafumosus . Microphotographs of basidia and basidiospores of J. Williams 2025 SMP 20 are posted on iNaturalist: 290749159 (ITS: PX 103270). ITS sequences, however, are diagnostic and differ by about 10 % between the G. fumosus and G. parafumosus clades. The bright blue appearance of lamellae under UVf 365 nm illumination is distinctive, but appearance of other eastern species under UV light is lacking. We suggest Smoky Waxcap as the common English name for this new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/549E343B7E9A5B36A0D01452B8CBF290	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Harries, David J.;Blencowe, Clare M.;Leal-Dutra, Caio A.;Lodge, D. Jean;Harrington, Alison H.;Bye, Ruby;Pearse, Zach;Russell, Stephen D.;Williams, Jessica;Ré, Lauren A.;Griffith, Gareth W.	Harries, David J., Blencowe, Clare M., Leal-Dutra, Caio A., Lodge, D. Jean, Harrington, Alison H., Bye, Ruby, Pearse, Zach, Russell, Stephen D., Williams, Jessica, Ré, Lauren A., Griffith, Gareth W. (2026): Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions. MycoKeys 127: 307-341, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823
7A8F2667209752A29690C66413CEEFFE.text	7A8F2667209752A29690C66413CEEFFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gliophorus irrigatus (Pers.) A. M. Ainsw. & P. M. Kirk 2013	<div><p>Gliophorus irrigatus (Pers.) A. M. Ainsw. &amp; P. M. Kirk 2013 (Index Fungorum 23: 1, 2013)</p><p>Agaricus irrigatus Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 2: 361 (1801). Basionym.</p><p>Neotypus.</p><p>Denmark • Northwest Jutland, Salling, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.135&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.07" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.135/lat 56.07)">Skive</a>, 56,070, 09.135 in dry grassland grazed by sheep, 28 Oct 2006, David Boertmann (voucher CFMR: DEN-21 [2006 / 70], neotype selected here) (GenBank ITS: KF 291084). UNITE / PlutoF: SH 0910871.10 FU (1.5 % threshold) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Persoon (1801) preserved the specimen which he described as Agaricus irrigatus . He did not provide collection details, but it is likely that the original specimen (s) was / were collected near Göttingen or Leiden. Neither Persoon’s (1801) original description of A. irrigatus nor Fries’ sanctioning citation (Fries 1821) for A. irrigatus contained any illustrations that could constitute a holotype. Enquiries about the possible existence of any relevant specimens or drawings from Christian Persoon confirmed that none was extant at Leiden (Jorinde Nuytinck, pers. comm. Oct 2024). Similar enquiries were made at Uppsala, but no paintings or vouchers survive (Åsa Kruys, pers. comm.).</p><p>At the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm there is a painting of A. unguinosus by Fries (from Sunnersta ‘ skog’ [forest], in Uppsala; https://herbarium.nrm.se/specimens/S0627) (Mats Wedin [NRM], pers. comm., Oct 2024). However, consistent with the opinion of the authors and others, we find no evidence that would suggest that G. irrigatus and G. unguinosus are separate species. As G. irrigatus has priority, the later painting of A. unguinosus by Fries cannot be considered a type for G. irrigatus . A photograph of the neotype from Northwest Jutland in Denmark by D. Boertmann is shown in Fig. 4 A and a similar collection by D. Harries in Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>The ITS sequence of this specimen was used as the representative of ‘ European’ G. irrigatus in phylogenetic analyses of Hygrophoraceae by Lodge et al. (2014) and was already designated the reference sequence for this species in UNITE.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Europe including the UK and southern Scandinavia according to eDNA sequences from the GlobalFungi database (Fig. 3 B) and specimen records from GBIF and sequenced specimens in the UNITE database (Fig. 3 C). Single occurrence of eDNA (singleton sequence) in far east of Canada.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A8F2667209752A29690C66413CEEFFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Harries, David J.;Blencowe, Clare M.;Leal-Dutra, Caio A.;Lodge, D. Jean;Harrington, Alison H.;Bye, Ruby;Pearse, Zach;Russell, Stephen D.;Williams, Jessica;Ré, Lauren A.;Griffith, Gareth W.	Harries, David J., Blencowe, Clare M., Leal-Dutra, Caio A., Lodge, D. Jean, Harrington, Alison H., Bye, Ruby, Pearse, Zach, Russell, Stephen D., Williams, Jessica, Ré, Lauren A., Griffith, Gareth W. (2026): Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions. MycoKeys 127: 307-341, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823
2757D973FE1557F7B635D27D8BFFAA59.text	2757D973FE1557F7B635D27D8BFFAA59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gliophorus parafumosus D. J. Lodge, S. D. Russell & G. W. Griff. 2026	<div><p>Gliophorus parafumosus D. J. Lodge, S. D. Russell &amp; G. W. Griff. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Parafumosus; para = close by and fumosus = smoke, referring to its phylogenetic proximity, as well as its similarity in both morphology and distribution to G. fumosus.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>USA • Wisconsin, Bayfield, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.6697&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.7976" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.6697/lat 46.7976)">Big Bay State Park</a>, 46.7976, -90.6697, 8 Sep 2017, S. Wunderle, (voucher F: C 0348314 F [NAMA 2017-248] [F = Field Museum of Natural History biorepository]) (GenBank ITS: MH 979262). UNITE / PlutoF: SH 0910870.10 FU (1.5 % threshold) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Basidiomata similar macro- and microscopically to Gliophorus fumosus and having the same geographic range, but differing in ITS sequence and by having a darker pileus umbo (Burnt Umber to Fuscous vs. Warm Sepia to Dark Drab) and an inrolled rather than straight pileus margin.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 12–35 mm diam., parabolic when young, becoming broadly parabolic with age, margin inrolled and slightly sulcate when young and less so with age, surface strongly viscid, colour Burnt Umber in centre when young, Fuscous with age, Drab on margin when young and overall with age. Stipe 25–75 × 3–8 mm, broader in lower 1 / 3, some compressed, hollow, surface strongly viscid, Smoke Grey (2.5 Y 6.0 / 2.4 to 5.0 Y 7.0 / 2.0) or tinted drab grey. Lamellae White or pale Cream Colour, sinuate or adnate with a decurrent tooth, 4–8 mm broad, margin wavy, one length of lamellulae inserted. Taste and odour indistinct. Basidiospores ovoid, hyaline, (5.2 –) 5.6–6.4 (– 8) × 4–5.2 µm, mean 6.4 + / - 0.76 × 4.6 + / - 0.39 µm, with or without guttulate contents, inamyloid. Basidia 4 - sterigmate, 28–37 × 4.8–8 µm, with a small basal clamp. Subhymenium 10–12 µm deep, of interwoven hyphae 2.4–4.8 µm wide. Lamellar context subregular, comprised of swollen elements 30–80 × 8.8–18.5 µm rarely with small clamp connections; lamellar edge not gelatinised. Cystidia absent on lamellae. Pileus context of swollen hyphae 80–120 × 8–20 µm, with pale brown contents in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and small, rare clamp connections. Pileipellis an ixocutis, hyphae embedded in gelatinous matrix 1.2–2.4 µm, rarely with small clamps. Stipe context hyphae parallel, 5.6–16 µm diam. with pale brown contents, slightly constricted at septa, lacking clamp connections. Stipitipellis and ixotrichoderm, hyphae embedded in gelatinous matrix 1.2–3 µm diam. with few small clamps.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Hitherto recorded only in North America. Growing in moss in moist, mixed deciduous forests of eastern North America (Fig. 5 C).</p><p>Other specimens examined.</p><p>USA • (1) North Carolina, Swaine County, Great Smoky Mountain National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.30962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.521942" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.30962/lat 35.521942)">Mingas Mill, near Graveyard</a>, (35.5219404, -83.3096265) 360 m a. s. l., 15 Aug. 2005, D. J. Lodge, NC-91, (ITS: PX 093718) .</p><p>Additional environmental sequence.</p><p>Canada • Halifax, UNITE soil sample TUE 002679, UDB 03115324, 8 Nov 2019 (Tedersoo et al. 2014) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Differs from G. fumosus in having a pileus margin that is distinctly inrolled and sulcate-striate, in contrast to G. fumosus (and G. irrigatus) has / have a straight or rarely slightly in-rolled gluten on the margin and is either not striate or only translucent-striate – not sulcate. Mean basidiospore length of G. parafumosus is slightly smaller than in G. fumosus (6.4 vs. 6.7 µm). Based on numbers of sequence-confirmed vouchers, G. parafumosus appears to be less common that G. fumosus . The microscopic observations were from the type collection deposited at F. The collection NC-91 was not annotated because it was immature and the remaining piece was not deposited at TENN after removing part for sequencing. We suggest False Smoky Waxcap as the common English name for this new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2757D973FE1557F7B635D27D8BFFAA59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Harries, David J.;Blencowe, Clare M.;Leal-Dutra, Caio A.;Lodge, D. Jean;Harrington, Alison H.;Bye, Ruby;Pearse, Zach;Russell, Stephen D.;Williams, Jessica;Ré, Lauren A.;Griffith, Gareth W.	Harries, David J., Blencowe, Clare M., Leal-Dutra, Caio A., Lodge, D. Jean, Harrington, Alison H., Bye, Ruby, Pearse, Zach, Russell, Stephen D., Williams, Jessica, Ré, Lauren A., Griffith, Gareth W. (2026): Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions. MycoKeys 127: 307-341, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823
8242633DFB5158D39541BEB49163B772.text	8242633DFB5158D39541BEB49163B772.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gliophorus subaromaticus (A. H. Sm. & Hesler) Rockefeller, G. W. Griff. & D. J. Harries 2026	<div><p>Gliophorus subaromaticus (A. H. Sm. &amp; Hesler) Rockefeller, G. W. Griff. &amp; D. J. Harries comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Gliophorus subaromaticus (A. H. Sm. &amp; Hesler) Rockefeller, G. W. Griff. &amp; D. J. Harries, comb. nov.</p><p>Hygrophorus unguinosus var. subaromaticus A. H. Sm. &amp; Hesler, Lloydia 5 (1): 81 (1942). Basionym.</p><p>Hygrophorus subaromaticus (A. H. Sm. &amp; Hesler) Largent, The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California, 5. Hygrophoraceae (California): 106 (1985). Synonym.</p><p>Holotypus.</p><p>USA • California, Orick, Prairie Creek State Park, Nov 28 1937, (voucher MICH: 10963 [Smith 9167]). Augmented here with ITS sequence (PX 746788) of holotype: UNITE / PlutoF: SH 0910861.10 FU (1.5 % threshold) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Pileus 10–50 mm broad, convex to broadly convex with incurved margin, becoming plane or nearly so, sometimes with a low flattened umbo, colour “ buffy-brown ” on the disc, “ pale olive-buff ” near the whitish margin (a dull olive greyish-brown to pallid) in the type, pale Buff with or without a white margin in iNaturalist: 256214946 (ITS: PV 791511), white with pale Buff disc in iNaturalist: 191417805 (ITS: PP 975575) and pure white in both iNaturalist: 9640562 (ITS: MG 926555) and iNaturalist: 148999043 (ITS: OR 593569), glabrous slimy-viscid, margin striatulate in the type, but not in the recent collections. Context thin, very soft and fragile, whitish. Stipe 5–6 cm long, 6–10 mm thick concolorous with gills when fresh, but drying pale grey like the pileus in type, equal, hollow, fragile, slimy viscid, as in G. laetus, glabrous. Lamellae bluntly adnate with decurrent tooth in type or sinuate, white, with a faint grey cast in type, broad sub-distant, edges even; 1–2 lengths lamellulae inserted. Taste and odour faint, but disagreeable subaromatic in type, taste mild or slightly disagreeable, indistinct, similar to burnt plastic. Lamellae white (not fluorescing blue) under UVf 365 nm. Basidiospores 8.1–10.2 × 5.6–6.1 µm in type description, pale yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Cuticle a thick (180–300 µm), gelatinous zone, the hyphae narrow colourless, more or less interwoven (an ixotrichodermium). Hypodermium a rather well-defined brownish zone. Pileus trama of radial hyphae. Clamp connections absent or very rare.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On soil under coastal redwoods ( Sequoia sempervirens).</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Known only from coastal redwood forests in north-western North America (Fig. 5 B).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>USA • California: (1) Mendocino Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.6846&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.6846/lat 39.389)">Jackson State Forest</a>, (39.3890, -123.68460, 26 Jan 2018, A. Rockefeller [voucher AR-2018 a]), iNaturalist: 9640562 (ITS: MG 926555) ; (2) Humboldt Co., Eureka Area, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.06329&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.88326" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.06329/lat 40.88326)">Arcata Community Forest, near Sequoia sempervirens</a> (40.88326, -124.06329, 16 Feb 2023, Mandy Hackney [voucher HAY-F-000661]), iNaturalist: 148999043 (ITS: OR 593569) ; (3) Humboldt Co., Eureka Area, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.1446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.7501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.1446/lat 40.7501)">McKay Community Forest, near Sequoia sempervirens</a> (40.7501, -124.1446, 18 Nov 2023, Dean Lyons [voucher HAY-F-002303]), iNaturalist: 191417805 (ITS: PP 975575) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species, known only from the coastal regions of north California in North America, is found in coastal redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens) forest. Its key distinguishing feature is its unpleasant odour, but the odour is not always present. The lamellae appear white under UVf 365 nm, distinguishing it from the bright blue fluorescence of lamellae in G. calunus . Though first recorded in 1937, most records date from 2013 or later. Reports of this species from Vancouver B. C. in Canada are a misapplied name. M. Berbee &amp; F. Stonehouse at UBC obtained an ITS sequence of a collection by A. and U. Češka from Vancouver (UBC-F-3506) that most closely matched the type description of H. subaromaticus . The GenBank BLAST of that sequence confirmed that it had been misidentified as H. subaromaticus and instead belonged to a possibly unknown species, near Cuphophyllus sp. ‘ PNW 01 ’ and C. subaustraligus . Although an ixocutis was found on the pileus and stipe of the Vancouver collections, the specimens differed in having only a somewhat viscid rather than glutinous pileus that is typical of both G. calunus and H. subaromaticus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8242633DFB5158D39541BEB49163B772	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Harries, David J.;Blencowe, Clare M.;Leal-Dutra, Caio A.;Lodge, D. Jean;Harrington, Alison H.;Bye, Ruby;Pearse, Zach;Russell, Stephen D.;Williams, Jessica;Ré, Lauren A.;Griffith, Gareth W.	Harries, David J., Blencowe, Clare M., Leal-Dutra, Caio A., Lodge, D. Jean, Harrington, Alison H., Bye, Ruby, Pearse, Zach, Russell, Stephen D., Williams, Jessica, Ré, Lauren A., Griffith, Gareth W. (2026): Revisions to the Gliophorus irrigatus complex (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae, Gliophorus, section Unguinosae) including four new species, one new combination and comparisons of basidiome vs. eDNA distributions. MycoKeys 127: 307-341, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.127.174823
