taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
B87D87E0083C2B24FED28FB3C347FB3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206615/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206615	FIG. 2. — Genitalia of Galerucini: A, B, Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859): A, male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; B, female; C, Schematiza sp., male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded. Inset: spiny lobe at base of endophallus; E, F, Neophaestus sp.: E, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; F, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; G, I, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766): G, male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded; H, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; I, uninjured female. Scale bars: A, B, F, 0.5 mm; C-E, G-I, 1 mm.	FIG. 2. — Genitalia of Galerucini: A, B, Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859): A, male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; B, female; C, Schematiza sp., male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded. Inset: spiny lobe at base of endophallus; E, F, Neophaestus sp.: E, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; F, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; G, I, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766): G, male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded; H, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; I, uninjured female. Scale bars: A, B, F, 0.5 mm; C-E, G-I, 1 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083C2B24FED28FB3C347FB3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206625/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206625	FIG. 3. — Genitalia of Galerucini (A-C) and Metacyclini (D-J): A-C, Caraguata sp.: A, male median lobe, left side. Inset: spiny lobe on base of sclerotized strap; B, male median lobe, right side; C, female internal genitalia; D-F, Byblita jansoni (Baly, 1864): D, male median lobe, right side; E, endophallic sclerite, red arrow shows motion as it everts from median lobe; F, female internal genitalia, arrow indicates abraded region; G-I, Chthoneis sp. 1: G, male median lobe, partly everted, red arrows indicate motion of lateral endophallic sclerites; H, male median lobe fully everted; I, female internal genitalia, puncture scars indicated by arrows; J, Chthoneis sp. 2, male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A-D, G-J, 0.5 mm; F, 1 mm.	FIG. 3. — Genitalia of Galerucini (A-C) and Metacyclini (D-J): A-C, Caraguata sp.: A, male median lobe, left side. Inset: spiny lobe on base of sclerotized strap; B, male median lobe, right side; C, female internal genitalia; D-F, Byblita jansoni (Baly, 1864): D, male median lobe, right side; E, endophallic sclerite, red arrow shows motion as it everts from median lobe; F, female internal genitalia, arrow indicates abraded region; G-I, Chthoneis sp. 1: G, male median lobe, partly everted, red arrows indicate motion of lateral endophallic sclerites; H, male median lobe fully everted; I, female internal genitalia, puncture scars indicated by arrows; J, Chthoneis sp. 2, male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A-D, G-J, 0.5 mm; F, 1 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083C2B21FC7188B4C2FCF878.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206625/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206625	FIG. 3. — Genitalia of Galerucini (A-C) and Metacyclini (D-J): A-C, Caraguata sp.: A, male median lobe, left side. Inset: spiny lobe on base of sclerotized strap; B, male median lobe, right side; C, female internal genitalia; D-F, Byblita jansoni (Baly, 1864): D, male median lobe, right side; E, endophallic sclerite, red arrow shows motion as it everts from median lobe; F, female internal genitalia, arrow indicates abraded region; G-I, Chthoneis sp. 1: G, male median lobe, partly everted, red arrows indicate motion of lateral endophallic sclerites; H, male median lobe fully everted; I, female internal genitalia, puncture scars indicated by arrows; J, Chthoneis sp. 2, male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A-D, G-J, 0.5 mm; F, 1 mm.	FIG. 3. — Genitalia of Galerucini (A-C) and Metacyclini (D-J): A-C, Caraguata sp.: A, male median lobe, left side. Inset: spiny lobe on base of sclerotized strap; B, male median lobe, right side; C, female internal genitalia; D-F, Byblita jansoni (Baly, 1864): D, male median lobe, right side; E, endophallic sclerite, red arrow shows motion as it everts from median lobe; F, female internal genitalia, arrow indicates abraded region; G-I, Chthoneis sp. 1: G, male median lobe, partly everted, red arrows indicate motion of lateral endophallic sclerites; H, male median lobe fully everted; I, female internal genitalia, puncture scars indicated by arrows; J, Chthoneis sp. 2, male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A-D, G-J, 0.5 mm; F, 1 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083C2B21FC7188B4C2FCF878.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206630	FIG. 4. — Genitalia of Metacyclini (A-G) and Hylaspini (H, I): A, B, Masurius sp., A, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; B, female, cleared genitalia with vaginal palpi at top, arrows indicate scars on vagina; C, Exora encaustica (Germar, 1823), male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, E, Hecataeus sp.: D, male median lobe, top view, endophallus everted; E, female, internal genitalia, bursa showing minute internal sclerites and a puncture scar (arrow); F, G, Malacorhinus sp.: F, male median lobe, right-ventral view, endophallus everted; G, female, internal genitalia, bursa with heavy internal sclerites and possible abraded area above; H, Dicertina collina (Weise, 1924), male median lobe, right side; I, Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 4. — Genitalia of Metacyclini (A-G) and Hylaspini (H, I): A, B, Masurius sp., A, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; B, female, cleared genitalia with vaginal palpi at top, arrows indicate scars on vagina; C, Exora encaustica (Germar, 1823), male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, E, Hecataeus sp.: D, male median lobe, top view, endophallus everted; E, female, internal genitalia, bursa showing minute internal sclerites and a puncture scar (arrow); F, G, Malacorhinus sp.: F, male median lobe, right-ventral view, endophallus everted; G, female, internal genitalia, bursa with heavy internal sclerites and possible abraded area above; H, Dicertina collina (Weise, 1924), male median lobe, right side; I, Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083C2B21FC7188B4C2FCF878.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206615/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206615	FIG. 2. — Genitalia of Galerucini: A, B, Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859): A, male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; B, female; C, Schematiza sp., male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded. Inset: spiny lobe at base of endophallus; E, F, Neophaestus sp.: E, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; F, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; G, I, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766): G, male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded; H, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; I, uninjured female. Scale bars: A, B, F, 0.5 mm; C-E, G-I, 1 mm.	FIG. 2. — Genitalia of Galerucini: A, B, Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859): A, male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; B, female; C, Schematiza sp., male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded. Inset: spiny lobe at base of endophallus; E, F, Neophaestus sp.: E, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; F, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; G, I, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766): G, male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded; H, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; I, uninjured female. Scale bars: A, B, F, 0.5 mm; C-E, G-I, 1 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B23FED78C90C49FFA9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206630	FIG. 4. — Genitalia of Metacyclini (A-G) and Hylaspini (H, I): A, B, Masurius sp., A, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; B, female, cleared genitalia with vaginal palpi at top, arrows indicate scars on vagina; C, Exora encaustica (Germar, 1823), male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, E, Hecataeus sp.: D, male median lobe, top view, endophallus everted; E, female, internal genitalia, bursa showing minute internal sclerites and a puncture scar (arrow); F, G, Malacorhinus sp.: F, male median lobe, right-ventral view, endophallus everted; G, female, internal genitalia, bursa with heavy internal sclerites and possible abraded area above; H, Dicertina collina (Weise, 1924), male median lobe, right side; I, Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 4. — Genitalia of Metacyclini (A-G) and Hylaspini (H, I): A, B, Masurius sp., A, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; B, female, cleared genitalia with vaginal palpi at top, arrows indicate scars on vagina; C, Exora encaustica (Germar, 1823), male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, E, Hecataeus sp.: D, male median lobe, top view, endophallus everted; E, female, internal genitalia, bursa showing minute internal sclerites and a puncture scar (arrow); F, G, Malacorhinus sp.: F, male median lobe, right-ventral view, endophallus everted; G, female, internal genitalia, bursa with heavy internal sclerites and possible abraded area above; H, Dicertina collina (Weise, 1924), male median lobe, right side; I, Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B23FED78C90C49FFA9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206634	FIG. 5. — Genitalia of Hylaspini:A, D, Aplosonyx albicornis (Wiedemann,1821):A, male median lobe,top view,everted;D, female,internal genitalia;B, E, Aplosonyx javana (Wiedemann,1821):B, male median lobe,top view,everted;E, female,internal genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars;C, F, Aplosonyx monticola Bowditch,1925: C, male median lobe, ventral view,everted with “retracting tendon” lying next to membrane; F, female,internal genitalia.Scale bars:0.5 mm.	FIG. 5. — Genitalia of Hylaspini:A, D, Aplosonyx albicornis (Wiedemann,1821):A, male median lobe,top view,everted;D, female,internal genitalia;B, E, Aplosonyx javana (Wiedemann,1821):B, male median lobe,top view,everted;E, female,internal genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars;C, F, Aplosonyx monticola Bowditch,1925: C, male median lobe, ventral view,everted with “retracting tendon” lying next to membrane; F, female,internal genitalia.Scale bars:0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206638/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206638	FIG. 6. — Genitalia of Luperini:Aulacophorina:A, B, Aulacophora antennata Baly,1886: A, male median lobe, right side;B, female genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars; C, Aulacophora bicolor (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side; D, Aulacophora sp. (New Guinea), male median lobe, left side; E, F, Aulacophora cornuta Baly,1879: E, male median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; F, female genitalia,bursa (in center) is heavily scarred and abraded; G, Aulacophora luteicornis (Fabricius, 1801), male median lobe, left side. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 6. — Genitalia of Luperini:Aulacophorina:A, B, Aulacophora antennata Baly,1886: A, male median lobe, right side;B, female genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars; C, Aulacophora bicolor (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side; D, Aulacophora sp. (New Guinea), male median lobe, left side; E, F, Aulacophora cornuta Baly,1879: E, male median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; F, female genitalia,bursa (in center) is heavily scarred and abraded; G, Aulacophora luteicornis (Fabricius, 1801), male median lobe, left side. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206642/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206642	FIG. 7. — Genitalia of Luperini:Aulacophorina:Agetocera similis Chen,1997:A, male median lobe,endophallus everted;B, female genitalia showing heavy saddleshaped sclerite in bursa. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 7. — Genitalia of Luperini:Aulacophorina:Agetocera similis Chen,1997:A, male median lobe,endophallus everted;B, female genitalia showing heavy saddleshaped sclerite in bursa. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206644/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206644	FIG. 8. — Genitalia of Luperini: Diabroticites: A, B, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, 1947: A, in copula, arrows indicate puncture scars; B, median lobe of male shown in A, removed from female; C, D, Isotes rubripennis (Erichson, 1847): C, male median lobe, right side, with endophallus everted; D, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; E, F, Acalymma sp., E, male median lobe and endophallus, separated; F, female genitalia, arrow indicates puncture scars; G, H, I, Paranapiacaba sp.: G, male median lobe, left side, with endophallus everted; H, endophallus enlarged; I, female genitalia. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 8. — Genitalia of Luperini: Diabroticites: A, B, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, 1947: A, in copula, arrows indicate puncture scars; B, median lobe of male shown in A, removed from female; C, D, Isotes rubripennis (Erichson, 1847): C, male median lobe, right side, with endophallus everted; D, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; E, F, Acalymma sp., E, male median lobe and endophallus, separated; F, female genitalia, arrow indicates puncture scars; G, H, I, Paranapiacaba sp.: G, male median lobe, left side, with endophallus everted; H, endophallus enlarged; I, female genitalia. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206648/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206648	FIG. 9. — Genitalia of Luperini: Diabroticites (A-D) and Phyllecthrites (E-J): A, B, copulating pair of Amphelasma decoratum (Jacoby, 1887): A, male genitalia on the left; B, same, male and female genitalia separated; C, D, Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878): C, male median lobe with endophallus everted. Inset: dorsal view of endophallus and tip of median lobe; D, female genitalia,arrow indicates puncture scar; E, F, Luperosoma subsulcata (Horn, 1893):E, male median lobe, right side, with endophallus everted; F, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; G-J, Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808): G, male median lobe, ventral; H, female genitalia; I, same, pair in copula, en-face view toward male, apical sclerite visible inside bursa, arrow indicates spine of male apical sclerite penetrating female; J, same as G, close-up of apical sclerite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 9. — Genitalia of Luperini: Diabroticites (A-D) and Phyllecthrites (E-J): A, B, copulating pair of Amphelasma decoratum (Jacoby, 1887): A, male genitalia on the left; B, same, male and female genitalia separated; C, D, Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878): C, male median lobe with endophallus everted. Inset: dorsal view of endophallus and tip of median lobe; D, female genitalia,arrow indicates puncture scar; E, F, Luperosoma subsulcata (Horn, 1893):E, male median lobe, right side, with endophallus everted; F, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; G-J, Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808): G, male median lobe, ventral; H, female genitalia; I, same, pair in copula, en-face view toward male, apical sclerite visible inside bursa, arrow indicates spine of male apical sclerite penetrating female; J, same as G, close-up of apical sclerite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206615/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206615	FIG. 2. — Genitalia of Galerucini: A, B, Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859): A, male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; B, female; C, Schematiza sp., male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded. Inset: spiny lobe at base of endophallus; E, F, Neophaestus sp.: E, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; F, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; G, I, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766): G, male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded; H, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; I, uninjured female. Scale bars: A, B, F, 0.5 mm; C-E, G-I, 1 mm.	FIG. 2. — Genitalia of Galerucini: A, B, Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859): A, male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; B, female; C, Schematiza sp., male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber, 1801), male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded. Inset: spiny lobe at base of endophallus; E, F, Neophaestus sp.: E, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; F, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; G, I, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766): G, male median lobe, right side, endophallus extruded; H, female, arrows point to scars at opening of the bursa; I, uninjured female. Scale bars: A, B, F, 0.5 mm; C-E, G-I, 1 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206652/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206652	FIG. 10. — Genitalia of Luperina:Scelidites:A, Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby,1888),male median lobe with endophallus everted,left side;B, Scelida flaviceps (Horn, 1893), male median lobe with endophallus partially extruded, right side;C, D, Scelolyperus lecontii (Crotch,1873):C, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side: D, female genitalia, arrow indicates puncture scars; E, F, Synetocephalus bivittatus (LeConte, 1859): E, male median lobe with endophallus everted. Inset: same, en-face view of endophallus, right side; F, same, female genitalia, arrows indicate possible scars; G, H, Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887): G, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; H, female genitalia, arrow indicates area of puncture scars. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 10. — Genitalia of Luperina:Scelidites:A, Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby,1888),male median lobe with endophallus everted,left side;B, Scelida flaviceps (Horn, 1893), male median lobe with endophallus partially extruded, right side;C, D, Scelolyperus lecontii (Crotch,1873):C, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side: D, female genitalia, arrow indicates puncture scars; E, F, Synetocephalus bivittatus (LeConte, 1859): E, male median lobe with endophallus everted. Inset: same, en-face view of endophallus, right side; F, same, female genitalia, arrows indicate possible scars; G, H, Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887): G, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; H, female genitalia, arrow indicates area of puncture scars. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206656/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206656	FIG. 11. — Genitalia of Luperina: Phyllobroticites (A) and Exosomites (B-F): A, Phyllobrotica costipennis Horn, 1893, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; B, C, Cneorane femoralis Jacoby, 1888: B, male median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; C, female genitalia, arrow indicates abraded bursal tissue; D-F, Coeligetes borneensis Mohamedsaid,1994:D, male median lobe with endophallus everted, dorsal; E, right side; F, female genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 11. — Genitalia of Luperina: Phyllobroticites (A) and Exosomites (B-F): A, Phyllobrotica costipennis Horn, 1893, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; B, C, Cneorane femoralis Jacoby, 1888: B, male median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; C, female genitalia, arrow indicates abraded bursal tissue; D-F, Coeligetes borneensis Mohamedsaid,1994:D, male median lobe with endophallus everted, dorsal; E, right side; F, female genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206613/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206613	FIG. 1. — Copulation in Monolepta elongata Jacoby, 1888, Costa Rica, reproduced with permission (Flowers & Eberhard 2006): A, dissection of copulating pair, circles show penetration of male spiculae through the bursa, spermatophore is the opaque white mass at left; B, aedeagus of M. elongata with endophallus everted;C, cleared dissection of copulating organs of M. elongata, showing needle-like spiculae of the male endophallus,and the saw-like sclerites of the female bursa; D, enlarged view of endophallus and female toothed sclerites. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 1. — Copulation in Monolepta elongata Jacoby, 1888, Costa Rica, reproduced with permission (Flowers & Eberhard 2006): A, dissection of copulating pair, circles show penetration of male spiculae through the bursa, spermatophore is the opaque white mass at left; B, aedeagus of M. elongata with endophallus everted;C, cleared dissection of copulating organs of M. elongata, showing needle-like spiculae of the male endophallus,and the saw-like sclerites of the female bursa; D, enlarged view of endophallus and female toothed sclerites. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206662/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206662	FIG. 12. — Genitalia of Luperina:New World Monoleptites: A-C, Metrioidea blakeae (Wilcox, 1965) n. comb.: A, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side;B, female genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars;C, female genitalia with spermatophore and lacking bursal damage;D, E, Monolepta irazuensis (Jacoby, 1888): D, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; E, female genitalia, puncture scars visible in central portion; F, Monolepta sp. Ecuador, male median lobe with endophallus partially extruded, left side. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 12. — Genitalia of Luperina:New World Monoleptites: A-C, Metrioidea blakeae (Wilcox, 1965) n. comb.: A, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side;B, female genitalia,arrows indicate puncture scars;C, female genitalia with spermatophore and lacking bursal damage;D, E, Monolepta irazuensis (Jacoby, 1888): D, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; E, female genitalia, puncture scars visible in central portion; F, Monolepta sp. Ecuador, male median lobe with endophallus partially extruded, left side. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206666/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206666	FIG. 13. — Genitalia of Luperina: New and Old World Monoleptites: A, B, Monolepta sp. Honduras:A, male median lobe with endophallus partially extruded, right side; B, female genitalia, arrow indicates puncture scars; C, D, Monolepta sp. Nigeria: C, male median lobe tip with endophallus everted, left side; D, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; E, Monolepta sp. Sumatra, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; F, G, Monolepta laosensis Kimoto, 1989: F, male median lobe with endophallus extruded, right side; G, female genitalia; H, Palaeosepharia truncata Laboissière, 1936, male, apex of median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; I, J, Monolepta sp. Vietnam: I, male median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; J, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; K, L, Eusattodera sp.: K, male median lobe with endophallus extruded, right side; L, female genitalia. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 13. — Genitalia of Luperina: New and Old World Monoleptites: A, B, Monolepta sp. Honduras:A, male median lobe with endophallus partially extruded, right side; B, female genitalia, arrow indicates puncture scars; C, D, Monolepta sp. Nigeria: C, male median lobe tip with endophallus everted, left side; D, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; E, Monolepta sp. Sumatra, male median lobe with endophallus everted, right side; F, G, Monolepta laosensis Kimoto, 1989: F, male median lobe with endophallus extruded, right side; G, female genitalia; H, Palaeosepharia truncata Laboissière, 1936, male, apex of median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; I, J, Monolepta sp. Vietnam: I, male median lobe with endophallus everted, left side; J, female genitalia, arrows indicate puncture scars; K, L, Eusattodera sp.: K, male median lobe with endophallus extruded, right side; L, female genitalia. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206630/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206630	FIG. 4. — Genitalia of Metacyclini (A-G) and Hylaspini (H, I): A, B, Masurius sp., A, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; B, female, cleared genitalia with vaginal palpi at top, arrows indicate scars on vagina; C, Exora encaustica (Germar, 1823), male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, E, Hecataeus sp.: D, male median lobe, top view, endophallus everted; E, female, internal genitalia, bursa showing minute internal sclerites and a puncture scar (arrow); F, G, Malacorhinus sp.: F, male median lobe, right-ventral view, endophallus everted; G, female, internal genitalia, bursa with heavy internal sclerites and possible abraded area above; H, Dicertina collina (Weise, 1924), male median lobe, right side; I, Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	FIG. 4. — Genitalia of Metacyclini (A-G) and Hylaspini (H, I): A, B, Masurius sp., A, male median lobe, left side, endophallus everted; B, female, cleared genitalia with vaginal palpi at top, arrows indicate scars on vagina; C, Exora encaustica (Germar, 1823), male median lobe, right side, endophallus everted; D, E, Hecataeus sp.: D, male median lobe, top view, endophallus everted; E, female, internal genitalia, bursa showing minute internal sclerites and a puncture scar (arrow); F, G, Malacorhinus sp.: F, male median lobe, right-ventral view, endophallus everted; G, female, internal genitalia, bursa with heavy internal sclerites and possible abraded area above; H, Dicertina collina (Weise, 1924), male median lobe, right side; I, Sermylassa halensis (Linnaeus, 1767), male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
B87D87E0083B2B3BFEC48914C7D6F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17206625/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206625	FIG. 3. — Genitalia of Galerucini (A-C) and Metacyclini (D-J): A-C, Caraguata sp.: A, male median lobe, left side. Inset: spiny lobe on base of sclerotized strap; B, male median lobe, right side; C, female internal genitalia; D-F, Byblita jansoni (Baly, 1864): D, male median lobe, right side; E, endophallic sclerite, red arrow shows motion as it everts from median lobe; F, female internal genitalia, arrow indicates abraded region; G-I, Chthoneis sp. 1: G, male median lobe, partly everted, red arrows indicate motion of lateral endophallic sclerites; H, male median lobe fully everted; I, female internal genitalia, puncture scars indicated by arrows; J, Chthoneis sp. 2, male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A-D, G-J, 0.5 mm; F, 1 mm.	FIG. 3. — Genitalia of Galerucini (A-C) and Metacyclini (D-J): A-C, Caraguata sp.: A, male median lobe, left side. Inset: spiny lobe on base of sclerotized strap; B, male median lobe, right side; C, female internal genitalia; D-F, Byblita jansoni (Baly, 1864): D, male median lobe, right side; E, endophallic sclerite, red arrow shows motion as it everts from median lobe; F, female internal genitalia, arrow indicates abraded region; G-I, Chthoneis sp. 1: G, male median lobe, partly everted, red arrows indicate motion of lateral endophallic sclerites; H, male median lobe fully everted; I, female internal genitalia, puncture scars indicated by arrows; J, Chthoneis sp. 2, male median lobe, right side. Abbreviation: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A-D, G-J, 0.5 mm; F, 1 mm.	2025-09-24	Flowers, R. Wills		Zenodo	biologists	Flowers, R. Wills			
