identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DC71C22A4BFB50C5858508F1C8404248.text	DC71C22A4BFB50C5858508F1C8404248.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicolea Malmgren 1866	<div><p>Nicolea Malmgren, 1866</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Nicolea zostericola (Grube, 1860)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC71C22A4BFB50C5858508F1C8404248	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Caifang;Hutchings, Pat;Sun, Yanan;Zhang, Yanjie	He, Caifang, Hutchings, Pat, Sun, Yanan, Zhang, Yanjie (2026): A new species of Nicolea (Annelida, Terebellidae) from Qingdao, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (2): 421-441, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.182152
A914231D0F895A20ACA08EC8C1F2E285.text	A914231D0F895A20ACA08EC8C1F2E285.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicolea qingdaoensis He & Hutchings & Sun & Zhang 2026	<div><p>Nicolea qingdaoensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Holotype. • MBM 287946, complete, female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.34604&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.05519" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.34604/lat 36.05519)">rocky shore near the “ Deep Blue Light ” (new Zhanqiao Pier)</a>, Huangdao, Qingdao, China (36.05519°N, 120.34604°E), low tide zone (tide lowest at 56 cm), September 20, 2024.</p><p>Paratypes. • MBM 287947, four specimens (two males and two females), same collection date and site as the holotype . • MBM 287949, eight specimens (four males and four females), same collection site as the holotype, low tide zone (tide lowest at 89 cm), September 17, 2025 . • MBM 287948, four specimens (two males and two females), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.09666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.08363" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.09666/lat 36.08363)">Hongshiya</a> (36.08363°N, 120.09666°E), rocky shore at high tide zone (tide lowest at 94 cm), Qingdao, China, September 24, 2025 . • MBM 287950, one specimen, incomplete, female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.38952&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.06299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.38952/lat 36.06299)">Haizhifeng</a> (36.06299°N, 120.38952°E), low tide zone (tide lowest at 92 cm), Qingdao, China, September 20, 2025 .</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>• QD 240920 SP 2 _ 01, complete, same location and collection date as the holotype, whole worm used for molecular analyses.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements. Holotype MBM 287946 (QD _ Tere _ sp 2 _ 002 _ 20240920) with 61 segments, 22 mm long, 1.5 mm wide. Paratypes: complete specimens with 55 to 67 segments, body length from 9 to 24 mm, body width between 1 and 2 mm (Suppl. material: table SS 1). Tube constructed of sand, small gravel and shell fragments, inner membrane thick and robust (Fig. 1 A). Live worm salmon or yellow or reddish in color with white pigments (Fig. 1 B, C, D), becoming paler after preservation in ethanol (Fig. 1 E). Buccal tentacles long, grooved, uniformly light yellow.</p><p>Prostomium at base of dorsal surface of upper lip (Fig. 1 F); basal part with rows of lateral eyespots (Fig. 1 E). Peristomium forming lips, upper lip hood-like, higher than wide, reddish with yellow margins in living specimen; lower lip small, rectangular, rugose, restricted to oral area (Fig. 1 F).</p><p>Segment 1 reduced dorsally, developed ventrally (Fig. 1 F). Paired dorso-lateral arborescent branchiae on segments 2 and 3. The first pair double length of second pair, with a short basal stem inserted slightly more dorsally (Fig. 1 B, C, G). Anterior segments slightly inflated dorsally, and lateral lobes absent (Fig. 1 H, I). Rounded nephridial papillae on segment 3, at base of branchiae (Fig. 1 I). Genital papillae on segments 6 and 7, of equal size, spherical in females (Fig. 1 J) and digitiform in males (Fig. 1 K). Ventral shields on segments 2–17, all smooth, rectangular, about the same width on segments 2–7, progressively narrower and longer from segment 8 onwards, replaced by mid-ventral groove from segment 18 and extending until pygidium (Fig. 1 D, L).</p><p>Seventeen pairs of short and conical notopodia from segment 4 to 20 (Fig. 1 D). Neuropodia from segment 5, with sessile ridges until segment 20, slightly raised pinnules or elongated in abdomen (Fig. 1 D, K, L), becoming shorter and smaller posteriorly (Fig. 1 L).</p><p>Notochaetae narrowly-winged, with fine tips, tilted at an angle (Fig. 2 A, B). Neurochaetae in single rows on segments 5–10 (Fig. 2 C – G). Uncini short-handled, with short triangular heel, distally rounded prow, downwardly directed process present, dorsal button situated at mid-length between base of main fang and tip of prow (Fig. 2 C, D); main fang large, sharply pointed, with 2 rows of shorter secondary teeth basally (MF: 3–4: 2 – 3) (Fig. 2 E, F). Uncini arranged in completely intercalated double rows from segments 11 to 20 (Fig. 2 H), in single rows from 21 onwards (Fig. 2 I). Uncini from posterior segments similar to those of thorax (Fig. 2 J, K). Pygidium smooth (Fig. 1 L).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Specimens yellowish-white or light green after being preserved in ethanol (Fig. 3 A – H; Suppl. material: fig. S 1). Specimen QD _ HZF _ 20250920, male, bears small sphere-shaped papillae on branchiae and abdominal neuropodia (Fig. 3 A, E; Suppl. material: fig. S 1.1 H, L). Number of rows of eyespots varies from 1 to 5 (Suppl. material: table SS 1). Holotype with fewer and lighter-colored eyespots compared to other specimens (Suppl. material: table SS 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name ‘ qingdaoensis ’ refers to the type locality Qingdao.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>New Zhanqiao Pier (Deep Blue Light), Huangdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the intertidal areas of Qingdao, including new Zhanqiao Pier (36.05519°N, 120.34604°E, low tide zone), Hongshiya (36.08363°N, 120.09666°E, high tide zone) and Haizhifeng (36.06299°N, 120.38952°E, low tide zone).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Only one species, N. sinensis, has previously been recorded from the Chinese coast. Nicolea sinensis was originally described from the subtidal of Che-Foo (Yantai, Shandong, China), and is characterized by four pairs of genital papillae in segments 6–9, glandular in females, and elongated in males (Fauvel 1932; Nishi et al. 2014). Later, specimens of N. sinensis were collected from Daheilan, Qingdao, which is approximately 195 km southwest of the type location (Fig. 4). Although these specimens were deposited in the MBMCAS (MBM 199353), they were never formally reported. Given that the type specimen of N. sinensis, which was deposited in Paris, is not currently available, we re-examined these specimens from the MBMCAS collection and confirmed their identification as N. sinensis based on morphological characters provided by Fauvel (1932) (Fig. 4). The new species N. qingdaoensis sp. nov., can be distinguished from N. sinensis by having two pairs of genital papillae and there are four in N. sinensis (Fig. 4 B, C) and a different dental formulae of uncini (MF: 3–4: 2–3) in the new species and MF: 2–3: 1 – 2 in N. sinensis . In summary, N. qingdaoensis sp. nov., is characterized by 17 pairs of notopodia, ventral shields on segments 2 to 17, eyespots present, completely intercalated double rows of uncini starting from segment 11, and two pairs of genital papillae, spherical in females and digitiform in males.</p><p>Moreover, the type specimen of N. sinensis was collected from muddy dredged samples (Fauvel 1932), indicating a probable subtidal origin. The record of N. sinensis from the Tokyo Bay, Japan, was also from the subtidal mud (Nishi et al. 2014). While the new species N. qingdaoensis sp. nov., was collected from the intertidal rocky shore (although Hongshiya is mostly a muddy shore, the specimens from this site were collected from the high-tide area with rocks). Notable that the type specimen of N. sinensis has not been examined in either of the studies by Nishi et al. (2014) or this study. A definitive molecular and morphological comparison with material of N. sinensis is required. To achieve this, we plan to collect fresh specimens from its type locality, collect the molecular data and re-examine morphological characters. This will provide the basis for a systematic comparative analysis in a future integrative study.</p><p>The N. qingdaoensis sp. nov., is distinguished from its Western Pacific congeners by a suite of morphological traits, including body size, number of notopodia, number of segments with ventral shields, presence of eyespots, segment on which double rows of uncini begin, and uncinal morphology. In detail, there are 17 thoracic notopodia in N. qingdaoensis sp. nov., compared to 16 in N. amnis, 15 in N. armilla, and 14 in N. murrayae . Eyespots are present in N. qingdaoensis but absent in N. angustiscutis, N. koehleri, N. longibranchia, and N. maxima . The number of segments bearing ventral shields is 16 in N. qingdaoensis sp. nov. (2 to 17), compared to 14 in N claparedii and N. vaili (2 to 15), and 19 in N. willeyi (2 to 20) (Table 1). Nicolea qingdaoensis can be distinguished from N. gracilibranchis by the extraordinarily large number and fineness of the tentacles, long and richly developed gills on a slender stem and branches, and extraordinarily wide uncinigerous pads in the latter species (Grube 1878).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A914231D0F895A20ACA08EC8C1F2E285	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Caifang;Hutchings, Pat;Sun, Yanan;Zhang, Yanjie	He, Caifang, Hutchings, Pat, Sun, Yanan, Zhang, Yanjie (2026): A new species of Nicolea (Annelida, Terebellidae) from Qingdao, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 102 (2): 421-441, DOI: 10.3897/zse.102.182152
