taxonID	type	description	language	source
B77D87A9FFCCA60CFF7CF91B682DF899.taxon	description	have been revised recently (Armbruster, 2003) and the species is also restricted to running-water habitats along the edges of the upper rio Paraguay basin. Hypostomus from the “ cochliodon ” group are also typical amazonian representatives.	en	Ribeiro, Alexandre C., Jacob, Rodrigo M., Silva, Ronnayana R. S. R., Lima, Flávio C. T., Ferreira, Daniela C., Ferreira, Katiane M., Mariguela, Tatiane C., Pereira, Luiz H. G., Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland. Neotropical Ichthyology 11 (2): 319-326, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252013000200010, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252013000200319&lng=en&tlng=en
B77D87A9FFCCA60CFF7CFABB6B39F979.taxon	description	was originally described from the upper rio Arinos, a tributary of the rio Tapajós basin. However, this species have been also reported in the upper rio Paraguay basin (Birindelli & Britski, 2009; A. C. Ribeiro, pers. obs. voucher CPUFMT 973). Despite the absence of a formal phylogenetic analysis of the group, morphological evidences strongly suggest that Leporinus octomaculatus belongs to a monophyletic group that also includes several species from the upland adjacent amazonian drainages (Birindelli & Britski, 2009). Lima et al. (2007) described Moenkhausia cosmops and also reported its occurrence also in both the upper rios Tapajós and upper Paraguay basins.	en	Ribeiro, Alexandre C., Jacob, Rodrigo M., Silva, Ronnayana R. S. R., Lima, Flávio C. T., Ferreira, Daniela C., Ferreira, Katiane M., Mariguela, Tatiane C., Pereira, Luiz H. G., Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland. Neotropical Ichthyology 11 (2): 319-326, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252013000200010, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252013000200319&lng=en&tlng=en
B77D87A9FFCCA60CFF7CF8FB6F4DF8F9.taxon	description	was described from the Serra da Bodoquena Plateau in the southern limit of the upper rio Paraguay basin, and additional material from the upper rio Cuiabá basin revealed a notable disjunct distribution of this species in the upper rio Paraguay basin. This species is more closely related to other species from the upland basins of central Brazil than with O. oligolepis, the only know Oligosarcus species from the lower portion of the rio Paraguay basin (Ribeiro, 2007). Some new records from the upper rio Paraguay basin are also examples of a more closely shared history between the uplands of the upper rio Paraguay with the adjoining upland basins than with the lowland section of the upper rio Paraguay basin. Planaltina sp., recently discovered from rio Sepotuba, a tributary of the upland portion of the upper rio Paraguay basin, has related counterparts only in the upper rio Paraná basin of SE Brazil (Menezes et al., 2003). Additionally, the recently reported occurrence of Centromochlus sp. from the upper rio Itiquira, a left side tributary of the upper rio Paraguay is another evidence, since the genus are typical from Amazon basin and Northern South American drainages. Both records have voucher specimens in CPUFMT (CPUFMT 1463, CPUFMT 1464, and CPUFMT 1465, respectively). The distributions (Fig. 1) show that, in the case of species occurring also outside the upper rio Paraguay basin, distributions are clearly associated with upland headwaters in both the upper rio Paraguay basin as well as in the adjacent basins, especially the amazonian upper rios Tapajós and Xingu. In case of species restricted to the upper rio Paraguay, distributions are limited to the basin periphery and disjunction are observed in the lowland portion of the upper rio Paraguay (Pantanal Wetland). Species of freshwater fishes restricted to upland headwaters is a recurrent pattern in the Neotropical region (Menezes et al., 2008; Nogueira et al., 2010; Lima & Ribeiro, 2011). In some cases, upland headwaters of the ancient Brazilian crystalline shield are examples of areas for relict species (Menezes et al., 2008; Lujan & Armbruster, 2011).	en	Ribeiro, Alexandre C., Jacob, Rodrigo M., Silva, Ronnayana R. S. R., Lima, Flávio C. T., Ferreira, Daniela C., Ferreira, Katiane M., Mariguela, Tatiane C., Pereira, Luiz H. G., Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland. Neotropical Ichthyology 11 (2): 319-326, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252013000200010, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252013000200319&lng=en&tlng=en
B77D87A9FFCCA60AFC84F89B6EABFBC9.taxon	description	is widespread in clear, running-water streams in the upper rios Paraguay, Tapajós and Araguaia-Tocantins drainages (Lima & Ribeiro, 2011). Jupiaba is a well corroborated monophyletic taxa (Zanata, 1997) and the remaining species of the group occurs in the upland amazonian tributaries from central Brazil. Similar distribution is reported for Knodus chapadae, from the upper portion of the upper rio Paraguay and from Tocantins basin (Ferreira, 2007). Our phylogeographyc analysis cared out in J. acanthogaster from 15 localities (Figs. 2 - 3) corroborate the hypothesis that tectonic origin of the upper rio Paraguay basin correspond to the most recent vicariant event in the evolutionary history of the area since samples from the rio Xingu basin are sister-group of a more inclusive clade encompassing the upper rio Tapajós and upper rio Paraguay. Thus, vicariance between the upper rio Paraguay and upper rio Tapajós is the least event in the biogeographic history of the group (Fig. 3). The mean nucleotide diversity (ð) was 0.001152 and the mean haplotype diversity (h) was 0.512167; values for each locality are shown in Table 2. The obtained sequences corresponded to 28 haplotypes and any common haplotype was observed in all localities. The haplotype 15 was shared among three localities [rio Angelim, rio Paraguai (Corumbá) e rio Paraguai (Serra das Araras)], being the most frequent. The haplotypes 4 - 5, 6 - 7 - 8, 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 25, 16 - 27 and 19 - 20 - 21 were exclusive from a single locality: rio Salobro, ribeirão dos Veados, rio Culuene, rio Angelim, and rio Aricá-mirim, respectively. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) considering the three main groups identified (upper rio Xingu, upper rio Paraguay and upper rio Tapajós) showed that the variation are greater among the groups than within each group (Table 3). The values of pair-to-pair analysis of the FST shown the occurrence of a strong and significant division among localities (p <0.05), with valuesrangingfrom- 0,03659 a 1,000 (datanotshown). Thevalues of pair-to-pair analysis of the FST considering the three groups (upper rio Xingu, upper rio Paraguay and upper rio Tapajós) also shown the occurrence of a strong and significant difference (p <0.05), ranging from 0.73615 to 0.97518 (Table 4). The haplotype network (Fig. 4) confirmed the presence of three groups (upper rio Xingu, upper rio Paraguay and upper rio Tapajós), which are separated by 26 (rio Xingu x rio Paraguay), 38 (rio Xingu x rio Tapajós) and 13 (rio Paraguay x rio Tapajós) mutational steps. Localities within each group have related haplotypes, some even shared, corroborating the degree of relationship among them.	en	Ribeiro, Alexandre C., Jacob, Rodrigo M., Silva, Ronnayana R. S. R., Lima, Flávio C. T., Ferreira, Daniela C., Ferreira, Katiane M., Mariguela, Tatiane C., Pereira, Luiz H. G., Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland. Neotropical Ichthyology 11 (2): 319-326, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252013000200010, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252013000200319&lng=en&tlng=en
