identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E31B4AE17DB2500D89D29AB8BA2F5B18.text	E31B4AE17DB2500D89D29AB8BA2F5B18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melipona (Michmelia) abunensis (Cockerell 1912) Cockerell 1912	<div><p>3.1.1. Melipona (Michmelia) abunensis Cockerell, 1912 stat. rev.</p><p>Figures 1, 2, 12 A</p><p>Melipona abunensis Cockerell, 1912: 48 [original description]; Cockerell 1919: 201 [geographic record, taxonomic note, taxonomic characteristics].</p><p>Melipona scutellaris abunensis; Ducke 1916: 16, 153 [unnumbered list, geographic records, diagnosis]; Ducke 1925: 345, 434–435 [geographic range, diagnosis].</p><p>Melipona fasciata abunensis; Schwarz 1932: 348, 349, 351, 369–370 [taxonomic notes, key, synonymy, description, geographic notes]; Schwarz 1948: 113 [hamuli, body size]; Kerr 1948: 187 [geographic range].</p><p>Melipona seminigra abunensis; Moure and Kerr 1950: 116, 122 [geographic range, taxonomic note, figure: map]; Moure 1992: 33, 36 [taxonomic characters, taxonomic notes, cephalic measurements].</p><p>Examined material.</p><p>Workers: BRAZIL: Acre • 16 workers; Rio Branco; R. Braga leg.; INPA • 4 workers; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.416664/lat -10.066667)">Acrelândia</a>; 10°04'S, 67°25'W; INPA • 3 workers; RPSP: 00005914–00005916 . Amazonas • 11 workers; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.0833335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.416668/lat -6.0833335)">Rio Ipixuna</a>; 06°05'S, 63°25'W; 19 Jan. 1986; J. Camargo et al. leg.; nest 334; INPA • 2 workers; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.57972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.156944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.57972/lat -9.156944)">Módulo Ilha da Pedra</a>; 09°09'25"S, 64°34'47"W; 22–31 Jan. 2011; D. Storck-Tonon leg.; Ponto 1 N °. ms; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding; Ponto 1 N °. ci; INPA • 1 worker; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.44444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.371111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.44444/lat -9.371111)">Módulo Jaci</a>; 09°22'16"S, 64°26'40"W; 26 Oct. – 15 Nov. 2010; D. Storck-Tonon leg.; INPA • 90 workers; nest 374 c; RPSP . Mato Grosso • 1 worker; Estação CEMAT, Reserva Humboldt; 3 Oct. 1975, afternoon; L. P. Albuquerque &amp; J. R. Moraes leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Estação Colônia Rio Humboldt; 6 Oct. 1975; L. P. Albuquerque &amp; J. B. Moraes leg.; INPA • 6 workers; RPSP: 00008594, 00008598–00008602 . Rondônia • 1 worker; Porto Velho, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.11139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.822778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.11139/lat -8.822778)">UHE Santo Antônio</a>; 08°49'22"S, 64°06'41"W; 14–29 Nov. 2014; D. Storck-Tonon leg.; INPA • 4 workers; Porto Velho, Madeira (ME), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.08584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.763361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.08584/lat -8.763361)">Igarapé Jatuarana</a>; 08°45'48.1"S, 64°05'09"W; 23 Jul. 2011; I. B. Francini leg.; “ Agressiva s / ent caract ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding; 1 I; INPA • 4 workers; same data as for preceding; 1 H; INPA • 1 worker; Porto Velho, Madeira (ML), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.08584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.763361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.08584/lat -8.763361)">Igarapé Jatuarana</a>; 08°45'48.1"S, 64°05'09"W; 23 Jul. 2011; I. B. Francini leg.; 1 H; INPA • 4 workers; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.739277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.792611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.739277/lat -8.792611)">BR 364 km 17, Comunidade Santa Marcelina</a>; 08°47'33.4"S, 63°44'21.4"W; 16 Jul. 2011; I. B. Francini leg.; 1 A; INPA • 4 workers; same data as for preceding; 1 B; INPA • 4 workers; same data as for preceding; 1 C; INPA • 4 workers; same data as for preceding; 1 D; INPA • 1 worker; Ariquemes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.866665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.866665/lat -9.733334)">Rio Ji-Paraná</a>; 09°44'S, 61°52'W; 28 Oct. 1986; J. A. Rafael leg.; Malaise trap; INPA • 1 worker; Território Federal de Rondônia; 11 Sep. 1963; Eduardo leg.; INPA: 2538 • 1 worker; Rio Candeias, região Campo Novo; 6 Aug. 1985; V. Py-Daniel &amp; L. Aquino leg.; “ 20 ”; “ Melipona seminigra abunensis Ckll ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except labels 1 and 2 • 1 worker; Rio Candeias, região Campo Novo; 14 Aug. 1985; V. Py-Daniel &amp; L. Aquino leg.; Malaise trap; INPA • 1 worker; Vilhena; 22 Jul. – 5 Aug. 1983; F. J. A. Peralta leg.; “ 136 - C ”; “ Melipona seminigra abunensis Ckll ”; INPA • 1 worker; UHE Samuel; Aug. 1989; F. Peralta leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Território Federal de Rondônia; 3 Aug. 1966; Eduardo leg.; INPA: 2538 • 1 worker; Igarapé Tracoasinho, região Campo Novo; 8 Aug. 1985; V. Py-Daniel &amp; L. Aquino leg.; INPA • 172 workers; RPSP: 00005100, 00005351–00005400, 00005499–00005596, 00005604–00005623, 00005638–00005641, 00005645–00005648, 00005855, 00005857, 00005861–00005892, 00008595–00008596 . — Males: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 10 males; nest 374 c; RPSP .</p><p>Diagnosis, worker.</p><p>(Fig. 1) Integument in general dark brown to black; terga reddish to brownish (black in M. pernigra and M. picea sp. nov.). Terga and face without yellow spots (present in M. picea sp. nov.). Erect hairs on the suprantennal region, vertex, mesoscutum, and scutellum predominantly dark brown, interspersed with some grayish hairs; occipital region and anterior area of the mesoscutum with whitish hairs (reddish in M. merrillae). Mesopleuron with orangish hairs on the upper half and whitish hairs on the lower half. T 1 - T 5 disc with short, very sparse hairs. Sides of T 2 – T 6 discs with setae as in the other species of the M. seminigra complex (except M. picea sp. nov., which has long, abundant, blackish setae on T 5). Setae on the sides of T 2 – T 6 yellowish (blackish in the other species). Metabasitarsus about 2 × as long as wide (1.6 × in M. atrofulva sp. nov.).</p><p>Description, male from Purus River (Amazonas, Brazil).</p><p>(Fig. 2) Dimensions: Body length 9.71 mm; forewing length (from tegula base to apex of wing) 8.69 mm; maximum head width 4.08 mm; intertegular distance 2.60 mm; T 2 width 3.62 mm. — Coloration: Integument dark brown to black, with yellow spots on the lower paraocular area, median band of the clypeus, malar area, pronotum, and dorso-apical faces of the femora, trochanters and tibiae; sternum light brown; radicle, flagellomeres, labrum, tegula, scutellum and axilla dark yellow to ferruginous. T 1 yellow with dark antero-lateral spots; T 2 - T 3 with vestigial posterior premarginal bands, more conspicuous on T 2; posterior margins of T 1 - T 6 translucent-rust with a yellowish aspect. Wing membranes hyaline, evenly yellowish; microtrichia and veins yellowish-brown, more strongly pigmented in C and R. — Pubescence: Malar area with very short, fine hairs. Gena with whitish, decumbent hairs interspersed with sparse erect hairs increasing in size toward the mandibular apex. Upper frons with branched, dark-brown, abundant, erect hairs approximately as long as the diameter of F 3. Short, decumbent, whitish hairs cover the suprantennal region and lower paraocular area. Clypeus with scarce, simple, decumbent, inconspicuous hairs. Vertex with dark brown hairs up to 2 × F 3 diameter, with some yellowish hairs laterally on the occipital line. Labrum with abundant, thin, short, yellowish hairs interspersed with longer hairs up to 2.4 × that length. Area between antennal sockets with thick, dark setae about as long as the diameter of the scape. Scape with abundant, yellowish, decumbent hairs 0.35 × F 3 diameter, longer and denser dorsally. Pedicel and flagellomeres with abundant, short, yellowish-brown hairs, especially in sensillar cavities; F 1 with basal area almost glabrous and distal 1 / 3 pubescent as F 2 - F 10. Coxae, trochanters and femora with whitish, branched, long hairs, sparser on inner faces and with some thicker, shorter setae on posterodorsal surfaces of femora. Tibiae with brown, erect, long hairs up to 0.75 × tibial width, ventral face with only short, yellowish, decumbent hairs. Tarsi covered by long, thick, brownish setae; metabasitarsus with posterolateral setae up to 1.5 × its width and anterolateral setae 0.5 × its width. Mesoscutum, scutellum and upper mesopleuron with mixed yellowish and brown, long, erect, branched hairs; mesopleuron setae more whitish, decumbent. Anterior mesoscutum and scutellar margin with hairs longer than the setae on mesoscutal disc, similar in length to vertex hairs. Ventral mesosoma with whitish, branched hairs. T 1 disc visibly glabrous. T 2 - T 4 discs with sparse, decumbent, short hairs relative to lateral setae; T 5 - T 6 setae abundant but shorter than lateral setae. Sides of terga with abundant, semi-erect, thick setae, lighter and branched on T 1; setae gradually increasing in size length from the anterior to the posterior terga. T 3 - T 4 setae approximately 2 × longer in latero-apical half than in latero-basal half. Sterna with yellowish-white hairs, some with curved apices. — Punctation: Sculpture largely faint, integument bright / shiny, except mesoscutum deeply punctate between piliferous punctures; upper frons finely punctate; clypeus matte-like. — Shape and proportions: Head 1.27 × wider than long and 2.62 × wider than clypeocellar distance. Eye length 1.06 × maximum interorbital distance. Malar area length F 3 diameter. Clypeus convex and protuberant, length 0.74 × maximum width and 0.94 × clypeocellar distance. Mandible length 1.05 × clypeocellar distance. Scape length 0.84 × alveolocellar distance; scape maximum diameter slightly shorter than F 3 diameter. Interocellar distance 1.05 × ocellorbital distance and 1.85 × median ocellus diameter. Vertex medially with a slight post-ocellar protuberance. Interalveolar distance equal to largest alveolar diameter and 0.72 × alveolorbital distance. Alveolocellar distance 2.89 × interalveolar distance. Scutellum triangular and protuberant, width 2.76 × its maximum length. Forewing length 3 × maximum wing width and 2.04 × maximum head width. M + Cu bifurcation anterior to cu-a; distal hamuli: 11. Mesotibial length 2 × than of mesobasitarsus; metatibia 2.5 × longer than wide; metabasitarsus 1.6 × longer than wide. Median projection of E 7 ogivoid with rounded apex; E 8 surface concave with basal recess. Gonostylus long with abundant long setae on posterior third; gonocoxite rectangular, wider than long; genital valve dorsally convex, length exceeding spatha apex; phallus not visible in dorsal or ventral views (Fig. 12 A).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This taxon has historically been recognized as the M. seminigra form associated with the western arc of distribution of the complex. Our examination suggests that its morphological limits may be broader than previously assumed, partly due to undersampling in remote areas. This interpretation is also consistent with an unpublished handwritten annotation by J. M. F. Camargo associated with specimens deposited in the INPA collection, in which he noted the possible occurrence of hybrid zones and the presence of individuals combining diagnostic traits of more than one form. We examined 48 specimens from the Purus River that are morphologically consistent with M. abunensis, although they exhibit fuscous metasomal setae rather than the typical coloration. Such cases may represent hybridization, but confirming this hypothesis requires additional approaches and methodologies. Despite the potential for gene flow among forms, we elevate the taxonomic status of M. abunensis based on the genetic evidence presented by Francini et al. (2022), which supports the independent evolutionary identity of the lineages.</p><p>Geographic records.</p><p>Brazil: Acre (Capixaba, Plácido de Castro, Rio Branco), Amazonas (Tapauá), Mato Grosso (Aripuanã, Cuiabá), Rondônia (Alta Floresta, Ariquemes, Campo Novo, Candeias do Jamari, Costa Marques, Cujubim, Guajará-Mirim, Jarú, Machadinho D’Oeste, Mirante da Serra, Nova Mamoré, Nova União, Ouro Preto, Pimenta Bueno, Porto Velho, Rolim de Moure, São Miguel do Guaporé, Vale do Anari, Vilhena) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E31B4AE17DB2500D89D29AB8BA2F5B18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos;Nogueira, David Silva;Francini, Izaura Bezerra;Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de;Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira;Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida;Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos, Nogueira, David Silva, Francini, Izaura Bezerra, Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de, Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira, Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de (2026): Hidden Amazonian diversity: integrative taxonomy reshapes the Melipona seminigra species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 815-846, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e201039
A8DBD62BCE0250C7AF51F82EAD4EB632.text	A8DBD62BCE0250C7AF51F82EAD4EB632.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melipona (Michmelia) atrofulva Santos-Silva and Nogueira 2026	<div><p>3.1.5. Melipona (Michmelia) atrofulva Santos-Silva and Nogueira sp. nov.</p><p>Figure 9</p><p>Melipona seminigra atrofulva; Ramirez et al. 2010: 521 [nomen nudum, phylogeny, GenBank voucher: MP 38].</p><p>Melipona seminigra ssp 2; Francini et al. 2022: 309–317 [DNA barcoding, figure: 2 F, GenBank vouchers: KF 114009 – KF 114020].</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype worker: from Barcelos (Amazonas, Brazil) in very good condition. Labels: Brasil, AM, Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.690308&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8876389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.690308/lat -1.8876389)">PN Jaú</a> 01°53'15.5"S, 61°41'25.1"W 22 - VI- 2011 Izaura B. Francini col. Coleta em ninho / 4 A . — Paratypes workers (66): Amazonas: 3 (INPA), Brasil, AM, Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.690308&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8876389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.690308/lat -1.8876389)">PNJaú</a> 01°53'15.5"S, 61°41'25.1"W 22 - VI- 2011 Izaura B. Francini col. Coleta em ninho / 4 B ; 1 (INPA), idem except for the second label: 4 A; 6 (INPA); RPSP 846 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.216667/lat -2.1)">Foz do rio Paduari, AM BRASIL 03-05. VIII. 1999</a> 02°06'S, 61°13'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] ; 8 (INPA), RPSP 817 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.183334/lat -1.3166666)">Tapera</a>, Lago Caurés, r. Negro AM Brasil 27-28. VII. 1999 01°19'S, 62°11'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] ; 8 (INPA), RPSP 794 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.51666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.066666/lat -0.51666665)">Nazaré</a>, r. Negro, AM Brasil 15-16. VII. 1999 00°31'S, 65°04'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] ; 10 (INPA), RPSP 799 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.43333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.75/lat -0.43333334)">Sumaúma</a>, r. Daraã, AM BRASIL 17-20. VII. 1999 00°26'S, 64°45'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] ; 15 (INPA), RPSP 774 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.43333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.05/lat -0.43333334)">Ilha Grande</a>, Sta. Isabel Rio Negro, AM 11-12. VII. 1999 BRASIL 00°26'S, 65°03'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [triple mounting] ; 1 (INPA), Brasil, AM, Novo Airão Origem colônia = PN Jaú 10 - XI- 2010 Izaura B. Francini col. Coleta em ninho ; 1 (INPA), BRASIL: AMAZONAS RIO NEGRO ANAVILHANAS 22 - V- 1988 / U. Barbosa Casa Flutuante / Melipona seminigra atrofulva ssp n Camargo. MS Det. Camargo, 2001 ; 1 (INPA), BRASIL: AMAZONAS RIO NEGRO PARANA DA ONÇA ANAVILHANAS / 22 - V- 1988 U. BARBOSA - NO CAMPO ; 2 (RPSP); RPSP 846 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.216667/lat -2.1)">Foz do rio Paduari</a>, AM BRASIL 03-05. VIII. 1999 02°06'S, 61°13'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] ; 1 (RPSP), Brasil, AM, Novo Airão Origem colônia = PN Jaú 10 - XI- 2010 Izaura B. Francini col. Coleta em ninho ; 2 (RPSP), RPSP 817 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.183334/lat -1.3166666)">Tapera</a>, Lago Caurés, r. Negro AM Brasil 27-28. VII. 1999 01°19'S, 62°11'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] ; 2 (MPEG); RPSP 846 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.216667/lat -2.1)">Foz do rio Paduari</a>, AM BRASIL 03-05. VIII. 1999 02°06'S, 61°13'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] ; 1 (MPEG), Brasil, AM, Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.690308&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8876389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.690308/lat -1.8876389)">PNJaú</a> 01°53'15.5"S, 61°41'25.1"W 22 - VI- 2011 Izaura B. Francini col. Coleta em ninho / 4 B ; 1 (MZUSP), Brasil, AM, Novo Airão Origem colônia = PN Jaú 10 - XI- 2010 Izaura B. Francini col. Coleta em ninho ; 2 (MZUSP), RPSP 794 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.51666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.066666/lat -0.51666665)">Nazaré</a>, r. Negro, AM Brasil 15-16. VII. 1999 00°31'S, 65°04'W Camargo, Pedro, Mazucato / Melipona seminigra ssp. n. Camargo, MS Det. Camargo, 2000 [double mounting] .</p><p>Ordinary material.</p><p>Workers: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 15 workers; Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.690308&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8876389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.690308/lat -1.8876389)">Parque Nacional do Jaú</a>; 01°53'15.5"S, 61°41'25.1"W; 22 Jun. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; collected in nest; “ 4 A ”; INPA • 5 workers; Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.68403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8914444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.68403/lat -1.8914444)">Parque Nacional do Jaú</a>; 01°53'29.2"S, 61°41'02.5"W; 8 Oct. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; nest in macucuzeiro; “ Amostra 5 D ”; “ M. seminigra ”; “ dout. IBFrancini ”; INPA • 5 workers; Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.588886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9701946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.588886/lat -2.9701946)">Parque Nacional do Jaú</a>; 02°58'12.7"S, 57°35'20.0"W; 8 Oct. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; nest in abiorana; “ Amostra 5 E ”; “ M. seminigra ”; “ dout. IBFrancini ”; INPA • 5 workers; Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.679474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8871388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.679474/lat -1.8871388)">Parque Nacional do Jaú</a>; 01°53'13.7"S, 61°40'46.1"W; 9 Oct. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; nest in faveira; “ Amostra 5 F ”; “ M. seminigra ”; “ dout. IBFrancini ”; INPA • 3 workers; Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.698223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8918055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.698223/lat -1.8918055)">Parque Nacional do Jaú</a>; 01°53'30.5"S, 61°41'53.6"W; 9 Oct. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; nest in macucuzeiro; “ Amostra 5 G ”; “ M. seminigra ”; “ dout. IBFrancini ”; INPA • 2 workers; Barcelos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.71325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8896389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.71325/lat -1.8896389)">Parque Nacional do Jaú</a>; 01°53'22.7"S, 61°42'47.7"W; 10 Oct. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; nest in taxi; “ Amostra 5 H ”; “ M. seminigra ”; “ dout. IBFrancini ”; INPA • 1 worker; Anavilhanas; 31 Aug. 1981; F. J. A. Peralta leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Rio Negro, Anavilhanas; 21–25 Mar. 1988; F. J. A. Peralta leg.; “ Melipona seminigra atrofulva ssp. n. ”; “ Camargo MS Det. Camargo, 2001 ”; INPA • 1 worker; Rio Negro, Anavilhanas, Lago da Prata, Campo; 21 May 1988; U. Barbosa leg.; INPA • 6 workers; Parque Nacional do Jaú; 19 Mar. – 5 Apr. 2003; M. L. Oliveira &amp; J. A. Cunha leg.; avulso; INPA • 1 worker; Parque Nacional do Jaú; 15–27 Jul. 1993; equipe INPA leg.; manual collection; INPA • 2 workers; Parque Nacional do Jaú, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.593056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.8408333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.593056/lat -1.8408333)">Seringalzinho</a>; 01°50'27"S, 61°35'35"W; 29 Aug. – 3 Sep. 2004; M. L. Oliveira leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Reserva Extrativista Unini, Rio Unini, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.974445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.5822221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.974445/lat -1.5822221)">Lago Três Bocas</a>; 01°34'56"S, 62°58'28"W; 14–22 Jul. 2004; A. Silva Filho &amp; L. Aquino leg.; mixed mercury + BLB light trap (sheet); INPA • 4 workers; Reserva Extrativista Unini, Rio Unini, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.6166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.983334/lat -1.6166667)">Lago Galomãnha, terra firme</a>; 01°37'S, 62°59'W; 13–28 Jul. 2004; M. L. Oliveira, L. Aquino &amp; A. Silva Filho leg.; collected on sweaty clothes; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Em roupa com suor ” → “ Em coleta manual ”; INPA .</p><p>Diagnosis, worker.</p><p>(Fig. 9) Integument in general dark brown to black; terga reddish (black in M. pernigra and M. picea sp. nov.). Terga and face without yellow spots (present in M. picea sp. nov.). Erect hairs on the suprantennal region, vertex, mesoscutum, and scutellum predominantly black, with some orangish hairs interspersed (almost entirely reddish in M. merrillae). Mesopleuron with whitish hairs on the lower half and orangish hairs on the upper half. T 1 - T 5 disc with short, very sparse hairs. Sides of T 2 - T 6 disc with setae as in the other species of the complex (except M. picea sp. nov., which has long, abundant blackish setae on T 5). Setae on the sides of T 2 - T 6 long and blackish (yellowish in M. abunensis). Metabasitarsus about 1.6 × as long as wide (2 × in the other species).</p><p>Description, worker from Barcelos (Amazonas, Brazil).</p><p>(Fig. 9) Dimensions: Body length 10.2 mm; forewing length (from tegula base to apex of costal wing) 8.91 mm; maximum head width 4.07 mm; intertegular distance 2.76 mm; T 2 width 4.17 mm. — Coloration: Integument dark brown to black. Yellow spots present on the radicle, base of the scape, malar area, basal condyle of the mandible, and pronotum. Paraocular and clypeal spots absent. Pedicel and flagellomeres brownish; tegula and sterna ferruginous. T 1 - T 5 with yellow premarginal bands; discs of T 1 - T 6 reddish to orangish. Wing membranes hyaline, evenly yellowish infuscate; microtrichiae and veins yellowish, more strongly pigmented in C and R. — Pubescence: Malar area with very short, fine hairs. Gena with whitish, decumbent hairs mixed with sparse erect hairs that increase in size towards the mandibular apex. Upper frons with abundant, branched hairs, yellow to brownish, 1-3 × F 3 diameter in length. Short, decumbent, whitish hairs from upper frons to sparsely covering the lower paraocular area. Ocellar region lacking conspicuous erect pubescence. Vertex with hairs up to 4.3 × F 3 diameter, predominantly dark brown, with a few yellow hairs in the occipital region. Labrum with short, thin, yellowish hairs, and longer (up to 4.75 × as long), wire-like hairs of same coloration. Clypeus with extremely short, inconspicuous pubescence. Interantennal area with thick, dark setae approximately equal in diameter to the scape. Scape with sparse, brownish, decumbent hairs (0.2 × F 3 diameter). Pedicel and flagellomeres with abundant, short, yellowish-brown hairs; F 1 with glabrous basal 2 / 3 and apical 1 / 3 pubescent as in F 2 - F 10. Coxae, trochanters, and femora with whitish, branched, long hairs; inner faces of trochanters and femora more sparsely pubescent; posterodorsal femoral area with thicker, shorter setae. Corbicula margin with dark brown to black setae and some white hairs internally; ventral face with fine, yellowish, decumbent hairs. Strigilla length 0.6 × maximum corbicula width. Protibia, mesotibia, and tarsi (except metabasitarsus) with thick, dark setae. Tarsomeres with thick, abundant yellow setae internally and black setae externally; base of metabasitarsus with a tuft of yellow hairs. Mesoscutum and scutellum with predominantly orangish, long, branched hairs interspersed with black ones. Mesopleuron with yellowish, branched, decumbent hairs. Ventral mesosoma with whitish, branched hairs. T 1 - T 2 discs nearly glabrous, as in other species of the M. fasciata group; lateral margins with thick, dark setae, largest in apicolateral areas. T 1 lateral disc with thinner, lighter hairs than on T 2 - T 6. T 3 - T 6 discs with sparse, short setae relative to lateral areas. Sterna (except S 7) with hairs having curved apices, from light brown to yellowish white. — Punctation: Sculpture mostly faint, integument appearing shiny. Mesoscutum distinctly punctate between piliferous punctures. Upper frons and upper portion of clypeus finely punctate and matte. — Shape and proportions: Head 1.25 × wider than long, 2 × wider than clypeocellar distance. Eye length 0.9 × maximum interorbital distance. Malar area 1.25 × diameter of F 3. Clypeus convex, medioapically protuberant; its length 0.6 × maximum width and 0.8 × clypeocellar distance. Mandible length clypeocellar and alveolocellar distances; maximum width F 3 diameter. Interocellar distance 0.8 × ocellorbital distance and 1.9 × diameter of median ocellus. Vertex concave, with a median postocellar protuberance. Interalveolar distance equal to alveolar diameter and 0.5 × alveolorbital distance. Alveolocellar distance 3.4 × interalveolar distance. Scutellum triangular, disc strongly protuberant; width 2.4 × its length. Forewing length 3.25 × maximum wing width and 2.2 × head width. M + Cu bifurcation anterior to cu-a; distal hamuli: 11. Mesotibia length 1.9 × mesobasitarsus. Metatibia 2.3 × longer than wide, posterodistal corner slightly produced and not forming a right angle. Metabasitarsus 1.8 × longer than wide, posterodistally depressed with two lateral projections. Second metatarsomere as long as wide.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Although historically treated as “ Melipona seminigra forma do rio Negro ” (Camargo 1994) this taxon exhibits a combination of morphological characters that clearly differentiates it from the remaining species of the complex. Francini et al. (2022) treated this lineage as “ M. s. ssp. 2 ” demonstrating that its genetic structure is independent from related forms. Based on this evidence, together with the diagnostic morphological features outlined in the present study, we recognize M. atrofulva sp. nov., as a distinct species. Ramirez et al. (2010) included a terminal designated “ M. seminigra atrofulva MP 38 ” in their phylogenetic analysis. Because the name was published without a description, diagnosis, or indication satisfying the requirements for nomenclatural availability, M. seminigra atrofulva Ramírez et al., 2010 is herein regarded as a nomen nudum. Francini et al. (2022) subsequently incorporated the same sequence into their dataset and recovered it within the clade corresponding to “ M. s. ssp. 2 ” The name “ atrofulva ” originated from an unpublished nomenclatural proposal by J. M. F. Camargo, documented on specimen labels deposited in the INPA and RPSP collections. Based on the correspondence between these labels and the molecular placement of specimen MP 38, we associate that terminal with the species described herein as M. atrofulva sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species was one of the unnamed taxa set aside by J. M. F. Camargo in the INPA collection prior to his passing. In homage to him, we retain the epithet atrofulva. The name derives from the Latin ater (black) and fulvus (tawny-yellow), referring to the characteristic bicolored pubescence of the mesosoma in the workers.</p><p>Geographic records.</p><p>Brazil: Amazonas (Barcelos, Novo Airão, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8DBD62BCE0250C7AF51F82EAD4EB632	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos;Nogueira, David Silva;Francini, Izaura Bezerra;Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de;Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira;Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida;Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos, Nogueira, David Silva, Francini, Izaura Bezerra, Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de, Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira, Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de (2026): Hidden Amazonian diversity: integrative taxonomy reshapes the Melipona seminigra species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 815-846, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e201039
03FF5F0A958D5A208B38490093768BFD.text	03FF5F0A958D5A208B38490093768BFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melipona (Michmelia) merrillae (Ckll, 1919 Det. Camargo 1919) Cockerell 1919	<div><p>3.1.2. Melipona (Michmelia) merrillae Cockerell, 1919 stat. rev.</p><p>Figures 3, 4, 5, 12 B</p><p>Melipona pseudocentris merrillae Cockerell, 1919: 202 [original description].</p><p>Melipona merrillae; Schwarz 1932: 349, 353, 378, 382–383, 391 [taxonomic notes, key, redescription, geographic notes]; Moure 1992: 33 [as Melipona merrilae [sic], taxonomic characters, taxonomic notes].</p><p>Melipona seminigra merrillae; Moure and Kerr 1950: 116, 122 [taxonomic characters, geographic range, map, taxonomic notes].</p><p>Examined material.</p><p>Workers: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 1 worker; Codajás, Rio Solimões; 19 Oct. 1964; Eduardo leg.; INPA: 2618 • 11 workers; Colônia Santo Antônio, Manaus; 7 Mar. 1962; P. Antonio leg.; INPA: 2830 • 1 worker; same data as for preceding; “ M. seminigra merrillae ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding; “ M. seminigra merrillae ”; p. 0007; INPA • 1 worker; Lages, Pomar, Manaus; May 1968; E. V. Silva leg.; INPA: 2836 • 3 workers; Estação AM- 1, km 64, Manaus; 26 Aug. 1970; L. P. Albuquerque leg.; INPA: 3031 • 4 workers; BR - 319 Manaus – Porto Velho, km 57; Peralta Agric. leg.; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Porto Velho ” and “ Peralta ”; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, INPA – Aleixo; 22 May 1986; J. M. R. Macário leg.; PL n ° 1, 08: 20 h; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ INPA. ” and PL n ° 01, 06: 00 h; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except PL n ° 1, 09: 50 h; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, INPA Bosque; 5 Jun. 2014; D. Nogueira leg.; “ Melipona seminigra ”; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, Reserva Ducke; 23 Mar. 2013; L. P. Borges leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, Reserva Ducke; Oct. 2010; A. Somavilla leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, INPA; 10 Oct. 2019; “ M. seminigra ”; INPA • 11 workers; Tefé, nest 01, Missão; 8 Aug. 2011; F. F. Oliveira leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, Cidade Universitária; 12 Jun. 1985; collected on jambo flower; INPA • 2 workers; Manaus, Cidade Universitária; 12 Jun. 1985; I. A. Cohen leg.; collected on jambo flower; INPA • 1 worker; ORIS, Estrada Mauá, km 3; 11 Oct. 1977; C. Gondim leg.; “ Trabalho de tese do C. Gondim ”; p. 0026; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except 13 Sep. 1977, “ 38 ”, “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Cock. Det. Camargo, 1977 ”, p. 0037; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ 33 ” and p. 0038; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ 12 ” and p. 0036; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ 9 ” and p. 0014; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except 22 Sep. 1977, “ 30 ” and p. 0022; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except 29 Sep. 1977, “ 15 ” and p. 0019; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ 29 ” and p. 0011; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ 30 ” and p. 0022; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Cock. Det. Camargo, 1977 ”, “ 21 ”, “ ♂ ” and p. 0044; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ 18 ” and p. 0023; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Trabalho de tese do C. Gondim ” and p. 0017; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0012; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0020; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0028; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0018; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0016; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0030; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0006; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0010; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0013; INPA • 6 workers; Parque Nacional do Jaú; 9–15 Sep. 2003; M. L. Oliveira &amp; J. A. Cunha leg.; from nest; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, INPA Estação Aleixo, km 17; 10 May 1977; L. Albuquerque leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, ORIS, Estrada Mauá, km 3; 23 Sep. 1977; C. Gondim leg.; INPA • 9 workers; Lago Janauacá; 22 Sep. 1988; F. Peralta leg.; INPA • 21 workers; Manaus; 29 May 1982; F. Peralta leg.; INPA • 2 workers; Manaus, INPA campus; Edilene leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, INPA campus II; 10 Feb. 1992; Edilene leg.; on araçá-boi; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, Reserva Ducke; 23 Sep. 1986; Luis-Ulysses leg.; INPA • 4 workers; Parque Nacional do Jaú; 22–28 Jun. 2003; M. L. Oliveira &amp; J. A. Cunha leg.; from nest; INPA • 15 workers; Lago Janauacá; 15 Jul. 1990; M. V. B. Garcia leg.; INPA • 13 workers; Manaus, GPA / INPA, Colônia 131; 13 Apr. 2010; I. B. Francini leg.; manual collecting; “ Melipona seminigra merrillae ”; INPA • 3 workers; Manacapuru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.54611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.279958" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.54611/lat -3.279958)">Sítio Mundo Azul</a>; 3.279958°S, 60.546108°W; 14 Feb. 2020; M. L. Oliveira, T. Mahlmann &amp; D. S. Nogueira leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, INPA, V- 8; 4 Oct. 1988; Equipe M. Falcão leg.; on araçá-boi; “ 4 ”; INPA • 8 workers; Manaus, INPA, V- 8; 1988; F. J. Peralta leg.; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding; “ ♀ ”; INPA • 4 workers; Lago Janauacá; 15 Jul. 1990; M. V. B. Garcia leg.; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Ckll, 1919 Det. Camargo, 1990 ” and “ N ° 8 ”; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, Cidade Universitária; 23 Jun. 1982; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except 24 Jun. 1982; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except J. A. Rafael leg., Malaise trap; INPA • 1 worker; Fazenda Esteio, ZF- 3 km 23, 60 km north of Manaus; 4 Aug. 1990; M. V. B. Garcia leg.; “ N ° 17 ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except 9 Aug. 1990, “ N ° 16 ” and “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Ckll, 1919 Det. Camargo, 1990 ”; INPA • 3 workers; Lago Amanã; 10 Sep. 1979; Robin Best leg.; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except 2 Sep. 1979; INPA • 1 worker; Manacapuru; 13 Sep. 1981; Jorge Arias leg.; INPA • 4 workers; Manaus; 23 May 1975; V. P. Araújo leg.; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except F. J. A. Peralta leg.; INPA • 3 workers; Manaus, Colônia n ° 6; 20 Apr. 1986; M. V. B. Garcia leg.; “ M. seminigra merrillae, Cock., híbrido c / M. s. atrofulva? ”; INPA • 2 workers; Ponta das Laranjeiras; 14 Aug. 1981; Jorge Arias leg.; light trap; INPA • 1 worker; Paraná Anamã; 27 Apr. 1977; INPA • 1 worker; Reserva Ducke; 23 Jan. 1978; A. Soares leg.; INPA • 19 workers; Rio Purus, Paraná do Cacau; 30 Nov. 1986; Elias G. Souza leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.975277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.975277/lat -2.9466667)">Reserva Ducke</a>; 02°56'48"S, 59°58'31"W; 3 May 2013; E. Hummig-Neto leg.; entomological net; “ Hymenoptera: Apidae ”; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, Conjunto Manôa; 5 Mar. 1988; Paulo Edson S. Silva leg.; “ APIDAE ”; “ 82 ”; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, ORIS, Estrada Mauá, km 3; 11 Sep. 1977; C. Gondim leg.; “ Trabalho de tese do C. Gondim ”; p. 0034; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus, ORIS, Estrada Mauá, km 3; 13 Sep. 1977; C. Gondim leg.; “ 02 ”; “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Cock. Det. Camargo, 1977 ”; p. 0033; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus; 10 May 1976; Mário Dantas leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus; 20 May 1986; F. J. A. Peralta leg.; on Stachytarpheta cayennensis; INPA • 1 worker; Manaus flowers; 23 Aug. 1975; V. P. Araújo leg.; Colônia 28; “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Cock ”; p. 0029; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except p. 0025; INPA • 5 workers; same data as for preceding except labels 3 and 4; INPA • 1 worker; Reserva Ducke; 5 Jun. 1976; Mário Dantas leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, Comunidade Boa Esperança; 30 May 2010; F. F. Oliveira, B. T. T. Richers, R. C. Farias, J. R. da Silva &amp; G. P. Lopes leg.; nest in trunk near house; “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Cockerell, 1919 ”; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 462 • 5 workers; same data as for preceding except IDSM CE 463–467; MAMIRAUÁ • 1 worker; Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, Comunidade Santo Estevão, Cacau; 2 Jun. 2010; F. F. Oliveira, B. T. T. Richers, R. C. Farias, J. R. da Silva &amp; G. P. Lopes leg.; nest in trunk; “ Santinha ”; “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Cockerell, 1919 ”; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 883 • 1 worker; same locality; 2 Jun. 2010; same collectors; nest in dead trunk; “ Jenipapinho ”; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 846 • 1 worker; same locality and collectors; nest in trunk; “ Santinha ”; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 884 • 3 workers; same data as for preceding except IDSM CE 885–887; MAMIRAUÁ • 1 worker; Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, Comunidade Boa Esperança; 30 May 2010; F. F. Oliveira, B. T. T. Richers, R. C. Farias, J. R. da Silva &amp; G. P. Lopes leg.; nest in trunk; “ Assanhadinha ”; “ Melipona seminigra merrillae Cockerell, 1919 ”; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 475 • 90 workers; RPSP: 00005101, 00007959, 00007990, 00008801–00008810, 00009415–00009491 . — Males: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 2 males; Manaus, INPA - GPA, rational hive; 2022; Carvalho-Zilse leg.; INPA • 1 male; Manaus, INPA, V- 8; 1988; F. J. Peralta leg.; INPA . — Virgin queens: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 2 virgin queens; Manaus, INPA - GPA, rational hive; 2022; Carvalho-Zilse leg.; INPA • 1 virgin queen; Manaus, INPA, V- 8; 1988; F. J. Peralta leg.; INPA .</p><p>Diagnosis, worker.</p><p>(Fig. 3) Integument in general dark brown to black; terga reddish (black in M. pernigra and M. picea sp. nov.). Terga and face without yellow spots (present in M. picea sp. nov.). Erect hairs on suprantennal region, vertex, mesoscutum, and scutellum predominantly orangish, sometimes with a few black hairs interspersed (predominantly fuscous in the other species; in M. atrofulva sp. nov. with some reddish hairs, but black hairs predominate). Mesopleuron with whitish hairs on the ventral half and orangish hairs on the dorsal half (as in M. atrofulva sp. nov.). T 1 - T 5 disc with short, very sparse hairs. Sides of T 2 - T 6 discs with setae as in the other species of the M. seminigra complex (except M. picea sp. nov., which has long, abundant, blackish setae on T 5). Setae on the sides of T 2 - T 6 long and blackish (yellowish in M. abunensis). Metabasitarsus about 2 × as long as wide (1.6 × in M. atrofulva sp. nov.).</p><p>Description, male from Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil).</p><p>(Fig. 4) Dimensions: Body length 9.29 mm; forewing length (from tegula base to apex of costal wing) 8.76 mm; maximum head width 4.08 mm; intertegular distance 2.93 mm; T 2 width 4.01 mm. — Coloration: Integument dark brown to black, with yellow spots on the lower paraocular area, ventral part of the scape, malar area, pronotum, and dorso-apical faces of the femora, trochanters and tibiae; sterna light brown; labrum and tegula ferruginous. Clypeus dark yellow stained with medium brown. Scutellum, axilla and T 1 yellow; T 2 - T 6 uniformly yellowish. Wing membranes hyaline, evenly yellowish; microtrichia and veins yellowish-brown, more strongly pigmented in C and R. — Pubescence: Malar area with very short, fine hairs. Gena with whitish, decumbent hairs interspersed with sparse erect hairs increasing in size toward the mandible. Upper frons with branched, yellowish-white, abundant, erect hairs, some brown hairs on the lower ocellar line as long as the erect hairs of anterior vertex. Short, decumbent, whitish hairs cover the suprantennal region and lower paraocular area. Clypeus with sparse, simple, decumbent, inconspicuous hairs. Vertex with hairs up to 3 × F 3 diameter, dark brown anteriorly and yellowish on the occipital line. Labrum with abundant, thin, short, yellowish hairs interspersed with longer hairs up to 1.85 × their length. Area between antennal sockets with thick, dark setae scape diameter. Scape with abundant, yellowish, decumbent hairs 0.11 × F 3 diameter, longer and denser dorsally. Pedicel and flagellomeres with abundant, short, yellowish-brown hairs, more conspicuous in sensillar cavities. Coxae, trochanters and femora with whitish, branched, long hairs, sparse on inner faces, with some thicker, smaller hairs on posterodorsal surfaces of femoral. Tibiae with yellowish, erect, long hairs approximately equal to tibial width, ventral face with short, yellowish, decumbent hairs only. Tarsi with long, thick, brownish setae except metabasitarsus where setae reach 1.25 × its width posterolaterally and 0.5 × its width anterolaterally. Mesoscutum, scutellum and upper mesopleuron with yellowish, long, erect, branched hairs, more whitish and decumbent on the mesopleuron. Anterior mesoscutum and scutellar margin with hairs longer than the setae on mesoscutal disc and similar to vertex hairs. Ventral mesosoma with whitish, branched hairs. T 1 - T 2 discs visibly glabrous. T 2 - T 4 discs with sparse, decumbent, short hairs, nearly absent medially; T 5 - T 6 with abundant setae but reduced relative to lateral setae. Sides of terga with abundant, thick hairs; in T 1 - T 2 lighter and branched, in T 3 - T 6 long, blackish and interspersed setae increasing in size length from the anterior to the posterior terga; in T 4 these setae 5 × longer in latero-apical half than latero-basal. Sterna with yellowish-white hairs, some with curved apices. — Punctation: Largely faintly sculptured, bright-looking, except mesoscutum deeply punctate between piliferous punctures; suprantennal region finely punctate; clypeus matte-like. — Shape and proportions: Head 1.22 × wider than long and 2.72 × wider than clypeocellar distance. Eye length 1.06 × maximum interorbital distance. Malar area length 0.83 × F 3 diameter. Clypeus convex, protuberant, length 0.78 × maximum width and approximately equal to clypeocellar distance. Mandible length 1.05 × clypeocellar distance. Scape length 0.75 × alveolocellar distance; scape maximum diameter slightly longer than F 3 diameter. Interocellar distance 1.1 × ocellorbital distance and 1.91 × median ocellus diameter. Vertex medially with a slight post-ocellar protuberance. Interalveolar distance 0.91 × alveolar diameter and 0.76 × alveolorbital distance. Alveolocellar distance 2.89 × interalveolar distance. Scutellum triangular, protuberant, width 2.95 × its maximum length. Forewing length 3 × maximum wing width and 1.91 × head width. M + Cu bifurcation anterior to cu-a; distal hamuli: 12. Mesotibia 2.4 × mesobasitarsus; metatibia 2.7 × longer than wide; metabasitarsus 2.3 × longer than wide. Median projection of E 7 ogivoid with rounded apex; E 8 surface concave with basal recess. Gonostylus long with abundant long setae on posterior third; gonocoxite rectangular, wider than long; genital valve dorsally convex, length exceeding spathe apex; phallus not visible in dorsal or ventral views (Fig. 12 B).</p><p>Description, virgin queen from Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil).</p><p>(Fig. 5) Dimensions: Body length 8.99 mm; forewing length (from the base of the tegula to the apex of the costal wing) 6.72 mm; maximum head width 3.55 mm; intertegular distance 2.56 mm; T 2 width 4.13 mm. — Coloration: Integument predominantly black to brown, with the radicle, base and apex of the scape, tegula, pronotum, scutellum + axilla, and T 1 ferruginous; mandible brown; flagellum brownish. Paraocular spot absent. Apices of tibiae and tarsomeres slightly lighter than coxae, trochanters, femora, and basal 2 / 3 of tibiae. Wing membrane hyaline, evenly yellowish infuscate; microtrichiae and veins yellowish, more strongly pigmented in C and R. Discs of T 1 - T 6 brown. — Pubescence: Malar area glabrous. Gena with yellowish, decumbent hairs interspersed with sparse, yellowish, semierect hairs that increase in size towards the mandibular apex. Upper frons with abundant, light-yellow, semierect, branched hairs, 0.75-1.7 × F 3 diameter in length. Short, decumbent yellowish hairs covering the entire face except the malar area, sparser on the lower paraocular area and clypeus. Ocellar region lacking conspicuous hairs. Vertex with hairs up to 2.3 × F 3 diameter, predominantly yellow with some light-brown hairs interspersed in the occipital region. Labrum with thick, long hairs, basal half brown and apical half yellow, reaching up to half of the median clypeal length. Scape with abundant, short, brown pubescence (0.2 × F 3 diameter). Pedicel and flagellomeres with short, abundant, yellowish-brown hairs; pedicel and F 1 with basal glabrous region and distal 1 / 3 pubescent. Legs with predominantly long, yellow hairs, sparser and thinner on dorsal than ventral faces of the femora; tibiae with shorter and abundant hairs on inner face. Mesosoma with predominantly yellowish, long, branched hairs, longer on anterior mesoscutum; mesopleuron with yellowish-white hairs. T 1 disc visibly glabrous, with abundant, predominantly yellowish hairs on lateral margins, longer apically. Discs of T 2 - T 6 covered by thin, short, yellow hairs, with some brown hairs interspersed; pubescence sparser and shorter on T 2 and increasing towards the apex of the metasoma. Lateral margins of terga with thicker, longer, and more abundant yellowish hairs, with some brown interspersed. Sterna with yellowish-white hairs, some with curved apices. — Punctation: Sculpture faint, integument shiny. — Shape and proportions: Head 1.2 × wider than long and 2.3 × wider than clypeocellar distance. Eye length 0.75 × maximum interorbital distance. Malar area 2.6 × F 3 diameter. Clypeus uniformly convex; its length 0.6 × maximum width and 1.77 × clypeocellar distance. Mandible length approximately equal to clypeocellar distance. Scape length approximately equal to alveolocellar distance; its maximum diameter 1.2 × F 3 diameter. Vertex concave, with a median postocellar protuberance. Interocellar distance 0.8 × ocellorbital distance and 2.3 × diameter of median ocellus. Interalveolar distance equal to alveolar maximum diameter and approximately half of the alveolorbital distance. Alveolocellar distance 2.8 × interalveolar distance. Scutellum triangular, disc strongly protuberant; its width 1.7 × its maximum length. Forewing length 3.1 × maximum wing width and 1.9 × head width. M + Cu bifurcation anterior to cu-a; distal hamuli: 12. Mesotibia 1.7 × mesobasitarsus length. Metatibia 3.1 × longer than wide. Metabasitarsus 3.5 × longer than wide. Second metatarsomere 3.7 × longer than wide.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is the subject of the greatest number of ecological and biological studies among the taxa of the complex and is one of the principal species used in meliponiculture (Carvalho-Zilse and Nunes-Silva 2012). Some examined specimens, including those from the Anavilhanas archipelago (in the cities of Novo Airão and Barcelos), and the vicinity of Manaus, display intermediate phenotypes regarding mesosoma pubescence, approaching the condition observed in M. atrofulva sp. nov. Given the widespread moving of colonies for management and intensive multiplication purposes, anthropogenic translocation likely contributes to the occurrence of such intermediates.</p><p>Geographic records.</p><p>Brazil: Amazonas (Barcelos, Beruri, Careiro, Codajás, Iranduba, Manacapuru, Manaquiri, Manaus, Maraã, Novo Airão, Rio Preto da Eva, Tefé) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF5F0A958D5A208B38490093768BFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos;Nogueira, David Silva;Francini, Izaura Bezerra;Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de;Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira;Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida;Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos, Nogueira, David Silva, Francini, Izaura Bezerra, Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de, Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira, Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de (2026): Hidden Amazonian diversity: integrative taxonomy reshapes the Melipona seminigra species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 815-846, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e201039
83B59EB5DFAE5302AE41AB3FFFCC8B0A.text	83B59EB5DFAE5302AE41AB3FFFCC8B0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melipona (Michmelia) pernigra (Moure & Kerr, 1950 Det. Camargo 1950) Moure and Kerr 1950	<div><p>3.1.3. Melipona (Michmelia) pernigra Moure and Kerr, 1950 stat. nov.</p><p>Figure 6</p><p>Melipona fuscata; Ducke 1902: 288, 295 [key, diagnosis, taxonomic note].</p><p>Melipona scutellaris fuscata; Ducke 1916: 16, 151, 152–153 [partim: diagnosis, taxonomic note, geographic records]; Ducke 1925: 345, 432, 433 [partim: diagnosis, taxonomic note, geographic records].</p><p>Melipona fasciata fuscata; Schwarz 1932: 363, 372, 375 [partim: synonymy, citation].</p><p>Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure and Kerr, 1950: 109, 166, 122–123 [geographic range, map, original description, taxonomic notes].</p><p>Examined material.</p><p>Workers: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 3 workers; Maués; 6 Apr. 1995; M. V. Garcia leg.; “ híbrido? M. s. seminigra × pernigra ”; “ Moure &amp; Kerr, 1950 Det. Camargo, 1995 ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except second label; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Amazonas ” → “ AM ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Garcia ” → “ GARCIA ”; INPA • 1 worker; Novo Aripuanã, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.11889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2647223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.11889/lat -5.2647223)">Reserva Soka</a>; 05°15'53"S, 60°07'08"W; 17–25 Aug. 1999; J. Vidal &amp; A. L. Henriques leg.; Malaise trap; INPA • 1 worker; Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Igapó-Açú, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.379025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.722528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.379025/lat -4.722528)">Terra Firme, km 3</a>; 04°43'21.1"S, 61°22'44.5"W; 18–23 Aug. 2013; I. O. Fernandes &amp; A. Somavilla leg.; “ Melipona sp. ”; Det. M. L. Oliveira, 2016; INPA • 2 workers; Novo Aripuanã, Rio Madeira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.70889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2608333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.70889/lat -5.2608333)">Lago Xadá, Comunidade Bela Vista, Ponto 1, margem esquerda</a>; 05°15'39"S, 60°42'32"W; 17–23 Apr.; Xavier-Fo., F. F. Godoi &amp; A. M. Lourido leg.; INPA • 12 workers; RPSP: 00008865–00008867, 00009002–00009010 . Maranhão • 1 worker; RPSP: 00008860 . Mato Grosso • 1 worker; Paranaíta, UHE Teles Pires; 15 Jul. 2013; Floresta Ombrófila Densa; C. F. Santos leg.; nest 02; RPSP • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except nest 65 and “ M. (Michmelia) seminigra pernigra Moure &amp; Kerr ”; RPSP . Pará • 14 workers; Mussum, Aveiro; 27 Jan. 1979; Othonyel R. L. Filho leg.; “ T- 40 ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ DR- 2 ”; INPA • 1 worker; Tucuruí, Puraquequara; 4 Aug. 1980; equipe Nunes de Mello leg.; INPA: 5612 • 3 workers; same data as for preceding except INPA: 5619 and 11 Aug. 1980; INPA • 11 workers; same data as for preceding except INPA: 5630; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure &amp; Kerr, 1950 Det. Camargo, 2000 ”; INPA • 4 workers; same data as for preceding except INPA: 5631, 12 Aug. 1980 and “ 2001 ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Melipona cf. fuscata ”; INPA • 110 workers; same data as for preceding except third label; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except INPA: 5650; INPA • 1 worker; Tucuruí, Remansão; 11 Aug. 1980; equipe Nunes de Mello leg.; INPA: 5619 • 44 workers; Gorotire; 20 Aug. – 5 Sep. 1983; Camargo leg.; nest 305 c; RPSP • 94 workers; RPSP: 00005096, 00008861–00008864, 00009020–00009100, 00009103–00009107, 00009111, 00009114–00009115 . Tocantins • 3 workers; RPSP: 00009108–00009110 .</p><p>Diagnosis, worker.</p><p>(Fig. 6) Integument in general dark brown to black; terga black (orangish to brownish in the other species). Terga and face without yellow spots (present in M. picea sp. nov.). Erect hairs on the suprantennal region, vertex, mesoscutum, and scutellum predominantly black, including in the occipital region and the anterior area of the mesoscutum. T 1 - T 5 disc with short, very sparse hairs (as in the other species, except M. picea sp. nov., which has long, abundant blackish setae covering the T 5 disc). Sides of T 2 - T 6 discs with abundant, long setae, as in the other species of the M. seminigra complex; setae blackish (yellowish in M. abunensis). Metabasitarsus about 2 × as long as wide (1.6 × in M. atrofulva sp. nov.).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species exhibits substantial morphological plasticity, yet its diagnostic characters remain readily recognizable. Specimens from Maués (Amazonas) show features that appear intermediate between M. pernigra and M. picea sp. nov.; however, this region is characterized by intense meliponiculture activity (Carvalho-Zilse and Nunes-Silva 2012), and translocation by beekeepers cannot be excluded as a source of these intermediates. Three specimens from the Xadá lake region (Amazonas state) display intermediate traits distinct from those observed in Maués, which may indicate natural hybridization.</p><p>Geographic records.</p><p>Brazil: Amazonas (Barreirinha, Borba, Maués, Novo Aripuanã), Maranhão (Imperatriz, Santa Luzia), Mato Grosso (Paranaíta), Pará (Aveiro, Cumaru do Norte, Novo Repartimento, Ourilândia do Norte, Vitória do Xingú), Tocantins (Sítio Novo do Tocantins) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83B59EB5DFAE5302AE41AB3FFFCC8B0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos;Nogueira, David Silva;Francini, Izaura Bezerra;Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de;Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira;Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida;Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos, Nogueira, David Silva, Francini, Izaura Bezerra, Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de, Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira, Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de (2026): Hidden Amazonian diversity: integrative taxonomy reshapes the Melipona seminigra species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 815-846, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e201039
53BF3AECC39559D6B5A5CA18D4CD4D10.text	53BF3AECC39559D6B5A5CA18D4CD4D10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melipona (Michmelia) picea Santos-Silva and Nogueira 2026	<div><p>3.1.6. Melipona (Michmelia) picea Santos-Silva and Nogueira sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 10, 11, 12 C</p><p>Melipona seminigra picea; Camargo and Roubik 1991: 19–39 [nomen nudum].</p><p>Melipona seminigra aff. pernigra; Oliveira et al. 2013: 21, 91–93, 102–107, 224 [morphological characteristics, nidification, nest, geographic record, management, key, figures: 7, 164–165, 180–193].</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype worker: from Tefé (Amazonas, Brazil) in very good condition. Labels: 5118 / 0149 / Barco Marupiara L. Tefé. Rio Solimões Em 19 / 10 / 75 Col - E. Vieira (INPA) . — Paratypes workers (82): Amazonas: 28 (INPA), BRASIl. Amazonas. Rio Purus. 15 km a jusante de Camarua . 31. i. 1986 Camargo &amp; Mazucato ; 2 (INPA), 5118 / 0149 / Barco Marupiara L. Tefé. Rio Solimões Em 19 / 10 / 75 Col - E. Vieira ; 1 (RPSP), 5118 / 0149 / Barco Marupiara L. Tefé. Rio Solimões Em 19 / 10 / 75 Col - E. Vieira ; 45 (RPSP), 351 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.416668/lat -5.7666664)">CAMARUÃ-Rio Purus. AM-Brasil</a> 29 - 1 - 1986 / S 8.20, 54°25'W- 5°46'S Camargo - Mazucato / PARATYPE M. seminigra picea Camargo &amp; Moure, 198 [7 specimens single mounted, 38 double mounted] ; 3 (MPEG), BRASIl. Amazonas. Rio Purus. 15 km a jusante de Camarua . 31. i. 1986 Camargo &amp; Mazucato ; 3 (MZUSP), BRASIl. Amazonas. Rio Purus. 15 km a jusante de Camarua . 31. i. 1986 Camargo &amp; Mazucato . — Paratypes males (26): Amazonas: 1 (INPA), BRASIl. Amazonas. Rio Purus. 15 km a jusante de Camarua . 31. i. 1986 Camargo &amp; Mazucato ; 25 (RPSP), ♂ / 351 c / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.416668/lat -5.7666664)">CAMARUÃ-Rio Purus. AM-Brasil</a> 29 - 1 - 1986 / S 8.20, 54°25'W- 5°46'S Camargo - Mazucato / PARATYPE M. seminigra picea Camargo &amp; Moure, 198 [21 specimens single mounted, 4 double mounted].</p><p>Ordinary material.</p><p>Workers: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 183 workers; Rio Purus, 15 km downstream from Camaruã; 31 Jan. 1986; J. M. F. Camargo &amp; Mazucato leg.; INPA • 1 worker; Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tupã Supé; 16 Jun. 2010; R. C. Farias &amp; J. R. da Silva leg.; Rede Entomológica Dona Sabá; photographed at 08: 30 h; “ Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure &amp; Kerr, 1950 "; Det. F. F. de Oliveira, 2011; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 1401 • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 1392 • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 1402 • 1 worker; Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, Comunidade São João do Ipecaçú, Setor Coraci; 17 Jul. 2010; R. C. Farias &amp; J. R. da Silva leg.; Rede Entomológica Quintal Lindomar; nest in box, “ Matá-Matá ”; photographed; “ Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure &amp; Kerr, 1950 ”; Det. F. F. de Oliveira, 2011; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 1610 • 1 worker; Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Piraré; 17 Jun. 2010; Rede Entomológica Flor Ruderal; “ Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure &amp; Kerr, 1950 ”; Det. F. F. de Oliveira, 2011; MAMIRAUÁ: IDSM CE 1416 .</p><p>Diagnosis, worker.</p><p>(Fig. 10) Integument in general dark brown to black; terga black (reddish in M. abunensis, M. atrofulva sp. nov., M. merrillae, and M. seminigra). T 1 - T 4 usually with premarginal yellow bands. Clypeus usually with a vestigial but visible median yellow band (absent in the other species). Erect hairs on the suprantennal region, vertex, mesoscutum, and scutellum predominantly yellowish, with dark brownish hairs on the anterior area of the vertex (reddish in M. merrillae; blackish in M. abunensis, M. seminigra, and M. pernigra). Mesopleuron with yellowish hairs. T 1 - T 4 disc with short, sparse hairs; T 5 disc with long, abundant blackish setae, almost as long as those on the sides of the disc. Sides of T 2 - T 6 with setae as in the other species of the complex. Setae on the sides of T 2 - T 6 long and blackish (yellowish in M. abunensis). Metabasitarsus about 2 × as long as wide (1.6 × in M. atrofulva sp. nov.).</p><p>Description, holotype worker from Tefé (Amazonas, Brazil).</p><p>(Fig. 10) Dimensions: Body length 9.71 mm; forewing length 8.81 mm; maximum head width 4.08 mm; intertegular distance 2.84 mm; T 2 width 3.95 mm. — Coloration: Integument dark brown to black. Yellow spots present on: median vestigial band of the clypeus, radicle, base and apex of scape, pronotum, axilla, and scutellum. Paraocular spot absent. Tegula ferruginous; scutellum and sterna brownish. T 1 - T 5 with yellow posterior marginal bands. Wing membranes hyaline, evenly yellowish infuscate; veins and microtrichiae yellowish, darker in C and R. — Pubescence: Malar area with very short, fine hairs. Gena with whitish, decumbent hairs mixed with sparse erect hairs increasing in length towards the mandibular apex. Upper frons with abundant, branched, erect hairs, yellow to brownish, 1-2 × F 3 diameter. Short, decumbent hairs from upper frons to lower ocular area, delimiting the upper clypeal margin. Ocellar line without conspicuous pubescence. Vertex with hairs up to 3.3 × F 3 diameter, brown anteriorly and yellow in occipital region. Clypeus surface with extremely short, inconspicuous hairs. Labrum with abundant short yellowish hairs, and longer ones (1.5 × as long) intermixed. Interantennal area with thick, dark setae nearly as wide as the scape. Scape with abundant yellowish decumbent hairs (0.2 × F 3 diameter), and sparse dark brown erect setae, especially dorsally. Pedicel and flagellomeres with abundant short yellowish-brown hairs; F 1 with basal glabrous 2 / 3 and apical 1 / 3 pubescent as in F 2 - F 10. Coxae, trochanters, and femora with long, branched, whitish hairs, sparse on inner faces; posterodorsal area of femur with thick, short setae. Protibia, mesotibia, and tarsi (except metabasitarsus) with thick dark setae. Corbicula margin with dark brown to black setae and some inner white hairs; ventral area with fine, yellowish decumbent hairs. Strigilla length 0.7 × maximum corbicula width. Metabasitarsus externally with sparse hairs. Tarsomeres with abundant yellow setae internally and black setae externally; base of metabasitarsus with tuft of yellow hairs. Mesoscutum, scutellum, and mesopleuron with predominantly yellowish, long, branched hairs; mesoscutum and scutellum with a few brown setae interspersed. Small tuft of pale brown to yellow setae posteroventrally to forewing insertion. Ventral mesosoma with whitish hairs. T 1 - T 2 discs almost glabrous as in other M. fasciata group species. Thick, dark lateral setae on discs, longer apicolaterally. T 1 lateral disc with lighter, thinner hairs than T 2 - T 6. T 3 - T 4 discs with sparse, short hairs; T 5 with abundant, clearly visible long setae (half-length of lateral setae). Sterna (except S 7) with hairs with curved apices, light brown to yellowish white. — Punctation: Integument mostly faintly sculptured, shiny; mesoscutum distinctly punctate between piliferous punctures; upper frons and upper clypeus finely punctate and matte. — Shape and proportions: Head 1.22 × wider than long and 2.48 × wider than clypeocellar distance. Eye length 0.92 × maximum interorbital distance. F 3 diameter 1.25 × length of malar area. Clypeus convex and medioapically protuberant; length 0.59 × width and 0.76 × clypeocellar distance. Mandible length clypeocellar distance. Scape length alveolocellar distance; maximum diameter 1.1 × F 3 diameter. Interocellar distance 0.39 × ocellorbital distance and 2.23 × median ocellus diameter. Vertex concave with postocellar median protuberance. Interalveolar distance 1.37 × alveolar diameter and 0.58 × alveolorbital distance. Alveolocellar distance 2.98 × interalveolar distance. Scutellum triangular, strongly protuberant; width 2.76 × its length. Forewing 3.47 × its maximum width and 2.16 × head width. M + Cu bifurcation anterior to cu-a; distal hamuli: 13. Corbicula 1.44 × longer than wide, posterodistal corner slightly produced, not forming right angle. Metabasitarsus 1.39 × longer than wide, posterodistally depressed with two lateral projections. Second metatarsomere 1.39 × longer than wide.</p><p>Description, paratype male from Rio Purus (Amazonas, Brazil).</p><p>(Fig. 11) Dimensions: Body length 9.59 mm; forewing length (from tegula base to apex of costal wing) 8.69 mm; maximum head width 4.08 mm; intertegular distance 2.60 mm; T 2 width 3.62 mm. — Coloration: Integument black, with yellow spots on the lower paraocular area, median band of the clypeus, malar area, pronotum, and dorso-apical face of the trochanters; radicle, basal scape area, tegula, and anterior and lateral areas of T 1 ferruginous; sternum brownish. Paraocular spot strongly yellow, extending to the lower clypeal edge and connecting to clypeal spots; clypeal spots very conspicuous, wider in the upper than lower half and linked to a conspicuous supraclypeal yellow spot. Circular ferruginous spot-on apical part of legs. T 1 - T 5 with conspicuous yellow premarginal bands. Wing membranes hyaline, evenly yellowish; microtrichia and veins yellowish-brown, more strongly pigmented in C and R. — Pubescence: Malar area with very short, fine hairs. Gena with whitish, decumbent hairs interspersed with sparse erect hairs increasing toward mandible. Upper frons with branched, dark brown, abundant, erect hairs approximately the diameter of F 3. Short, decumbent, whitish pubescence from suprantennal region to lower paraocular area, shorter in lower paraocular than in malar area. Vertex with hairs up to 2.5 × F 3 diameter, dark brown anteriorly and bright yellow in occipital region. Labrum with thin, short, yellowish hairs; clypeus surface with very short, inconspicuous hairs. Area between antennal sockets with thick, dark setae about scape diameter. Scape with abundant, yellowish, decumbent hairs 0.2 × F 3 diameter, denser dorsally and interspersed with sparse dark erect setae. Pedicel and flagellomeres with abundant, short, yellowish-brown hairs, more visible in sensillar cavities. Coxae, trochanters and femora with whitish, branched, long hairs, sparse on inner faces, with thicker, smaller hairs on posterodorsal femora; ventral tibial face with short, yellowish, decumbent hairs, other tibial faces with long, erect hairs. Tarsi with long, thick, brownish setae except metabasitarsus where posterolateral setae reach 1.5 × its width and anterolateral setae 0.5 × its width. Mesoscutum, scutellum and upper mesopleuron with erect, long, branched hairs predominantly yellowish, interspersed with fuscous hairs and a tuft of darker hairs below forewing insertion. Hairs on anterior mesoscutum and scutellar margin longer than vertex hairs. Lower mesopleuron and ventral mesosoma with yellowish hairs. T 1 - T 2 disc virtually glabrous. T 2 - T 4 disc with sparse, decumbent, short brownish setae; T 5 - T 6 with abundant but short setae relative to sides. Sides of terga with abundant, thick, brownish hairs, lighter and erect on T 1; setae gradually increase toward metasomal apex. T 3 - T 4 setae 2 × longer in latero-apical than latero-basal region. Sterna with yellowish-white hairs, some with curved apices. — Punctation: Largely faintly sculptured, bright-looking, except mesoscutum deeply punctate between piliferous punctures; suprantennal region finely punctate; clypeus matte-like. — Shape and proportions: Head 1.19 × wider than long and 3.55 × wider than clypeocellar distance. Eye length 1.05 × maximum interorbital distance. F 3 diameter 1.32 × malar length. Clypeus convex and protuberant, length 0.81 × maximum width and 1.35 × clypeocellar distance. Mandible length 1.3 × clypeocellar distance. Scape length 0.82 × alveolocellar distance; scape maximum diameter slightly smaller than F 3 diameter. Interocellar distance 1.05 × ocellorbital distance and 1.85 × median ocellus diameter. Vertex with slight post-ocellar protuberance. Interalveolar distance 0.74 × alveolar diameter and 0.83 × alveolorbital distance. Alveolocellar distance 3.03 × interalveolar distance. Scutellum triangular, protuberant, width 2 × its maximum length. Forewing length 3 × maximum wing width and 1.88 × head width. Mesotibia 1.8 × mesobasitarsus; metatibia 2.9 × longer than wide; metabasitarsus 1.6 × longer than wide. E 7 median projection ogivoid with rounded apex; E 8 surface concave with basal recess. Gonostylus long with abundant setae on posterior third; gonocoxite rectangular, wider than long; genital valve dorsally convex, length exceeding spathe apex; phallus not visible in dorsal or ventral views (Fig. 12 C).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Camargo (1994) first recognized this form as “ Melipona seminigra forma de Tefé, ” noting its distinctiveness within the complex. M. picea sp. nov. is easily separable from congeners by its conspicuous yellow tergal bands and characteristic pubescence pattern. In the Purus River series collected by J. M. F. Camargo and M. Mazucato, the pre-marginal bands are more translucent and less conspicuous, likely because the specimens were taken directly from nests and may not have been fully pigmented. Although M. picea sp. nov. was not included in the analyses of Francini et al. (2022), its placement within the M. seminigra complex is supported by morphological traits such as the pattern of setae on the tergal discs. It shows partial resemblance to M. lateralis, M. fuscopilosa, and M. eburnea due to the presence of yellow pre-marginal bands; however, the glossy integument of terga disc and distribution of erect setae on sides of terga disc leave no doubt about its affinity to the M. seminigra group. A robust phylogenetic analysis of the M. fasciata group will be necessary to precisely resolve its relationships (in preparation).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species was likewise among the unnamed forms separated by J. M. F. Camargo in the INPA collection before his death. In recognition to his contribution and to preserve his intended nomenclature, we maintain the epithet picea. The name alludes to the dark, pitch-like coloration of the integument (from Latin piceus, meaning “ pitch-black ”).</p><p>Geographic records.</p><p>Brazil: Amazonas (Alvarães, Maraã, Tapauá, Tefé, Uarini) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/53BF3AECC39559D6B5A5CA18D4CD4D10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos;Nogueira, David Silva;Francini, Izaura Bezerra;Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de;Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira;Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida;Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos, Nogueira, David Silva, Francini, Izaura Bezerra, Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de, Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira, Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de (2026): Hidden Amazonian diversity: integrative taxonomy reshapes the Melipona seminigra species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 815-846, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e201039
8AB81A08E876589495CEE44C719C3614.text	8AB81A08E876589495CEE44C719C3614.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melipona (Michmelia) seminigra Friese 1903	<div><p>3.1.4. Melipona (Michmelia) seminigra Friese, 1903 stat. rev.</p><p>Figures 7, 8</p><p>Melipona seminigra Friese, 1903: 359 [original description]; Marianno 1911: 70 [diagnosis, geographic range]; Moure 1992: 33 [taxonomic characters].</p><p>Melipona seminigra seminigra: Moure and Kerr 1950 [geographic range, diagnosis, taxonomic notes].</p><p>Examined material.</p><p>Workers: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 1 worker; Itacoatiara; 2 Feb. 1990; M. V. B. Garcia leg.; “ M. seminigra seminigra Friese, 1903 ”; Det. Camargo, 1990; INPA • 5 workers; same data as for preceding except second label; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except second label: “ N ° 6 ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ AMAZONAS ” → “ AM ”; INPA • 1 worker; Maués; 16 Nov. 1982; F. Peralta leg.; “ seminigra [sic] ”; INPA • 5 workers; Maués, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.683697&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.4099445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.683697/lat -3.4099445)">Meliponário Sr. Claudomiro</a>; 03°24'35.8"S, 57°41'01.3"W; 2 Sep. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; “ AMOSTRA 3 ”; INPA • 3 workers; same data as for preceding except “ AMOSTRA PRETA ”; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ AMOSTRA 1 PRETA ”; INPA • 4 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 1 ”; INPA • 4 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 2 ”; INPA • 6 workers; Boa Vista do Ramos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.571804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9188612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.571804/lat -2.9188612)">Represa São Benedito</a>; 02°55'07.9"S, 57°34'18.5"W; 5 Sep. 2011; Izaura B. Francini leg.; “ Col 1 ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 2 ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 3 ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 4 ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 5 ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 6 ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 7 ”; INPA • 2 workers; same data as for preceding except “ Col 8 ”; INPA • 4 workers; Maués; Oct. 1975; Col. Almeida leg.; “ Melipona seminigra Friese ”; “ Col. 2 ”; INPA • 6 workers; Itacoatiara, Lago Canajari; 17–19 Dec. 1991; F. J. Peralta leg.; INPA • 4 workers; RPSP: 00008937–00008940 . Pará • 1 worker; Rio Trombetas, Caetano; 13 Mar. 1986; equipe Apoidea leg.; “ M. (Michmelia) seminigra Friese ”; Det. Pe. Moure, 1982; INPA: 67 • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except first label; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except “ Eq. ” → “ Col. ” and “ M. (Michmelia) seminigra Friese ”; INPA • 1 worker; Rio Trombetas, Caetano; 6 Mar. 1986; equipe Apoidea leg.; INPA: 26 • 1 worker; Rio Trombetas, Lago Caetano; 9 Mar. 1986; equipe Apoidea leg.; INPA • 1 worker; same data as for preceding except INPA: 45 and labels: “ 09-03 - 86 Eq. APOIDEA ”; “ RIO TROMBETAS / PA LAGO-CAETANO 09 / 03 / 86 Eq. APOIDEA ”; “ M. seminigra seminigra ”; INPA • 12 workers; RPSP: 00008925–00008936 . — Virgin queen: BRAZIL: Amazonas • 1 virgin queen; Itacoatiara, Lago Canajari; 17–19 Dec. 1991; F. J. Peralta leg.; INPA .</p><p>Diagnosis, worker.</p><p>(Fig. 7) Integument in general dark brown to black; terga reddish (black in M. pernigra and M. picea sp. nov.). Terga and face without yellow spots (present in M. picea sp. nov.). Erect hairs on the suprantennal region, vertex, mesoscutum, and scutellum predominantly black, with white hairs on the posterior area of the vertex and anterior area of the mesoscutum (reddish in M. merrillae; grayish in M. abunensis). Mesopleuron with whitish hairs on the ventral half and yellowish hairs on the dorsal half. T 1 - T 5 disc with short, very sparse hairs. Sides of T 2 - T 6 discs with setae as in the other species of the M. seminigra complex (except M. picea sp. nov., which has long, abundant blackish setae on T 5). Setae on the sides of T 2 - T 6 long and blackish (yellowish in M. abunensis). Metabasitarsus about 2 × as long as wide (1.6 × in M. atrofulva sp. nov.).</p><p>Description, virgin queen from Itacoatiara (Amazonas, Brazil).</p><p>(Fig. 8) Dimensions: Body length 9.36 mm; forewing length (from the base of the tegula to the apex of the costal wing) 7.27 mm; maximum head width 3.56 mm; intertegular distance 2.67 mm; T 2 width 4.22 mm. — Coloration: Integument predominantly black, with radicle, base and apex of the scape, tegula, and terga ferruginous; mandibles and flagellum brown. Paraocular spot absent. Apices of tibiae and tarsomeres slightly lighter than coxae, trochanters, femora, and basal 2 / 3 of tibiae. Wing membrane hyaline, evenly yellowish infuscate; microtrichiae and veins yellowish, more strongly pigmented in C and R. — Pubescence: Malar area glabrous. Gena with yellowish, decumbent hairs interspersed with sparse yellowish, semierect hairs that increase in size toward the mandible. Upper frons with abundant, yellowish-brown, semierect, branched hairs, 0.75–2.3 × F 3 diameter in length. Short, decumbent, yellowish hairs covering the entire face except the malar area, sparser on the lower paraocular area and clypeus. Ocellar region lacking conspicuous hairs. Vertex with hairs up to 3.1 × F 3 diameter, light brown with some yellow hairs interspersed in the occipital region. Labrum with thick, long hairs, basal half brown and apical half yellow, up to 0.6 × median clypeal length. Scape with abundant, short, yellowish-brown hairs (0.4 × F 3 diameter). Pedicel and flagellomeres with short, abundant, yellowish-brown hairs; pedicel and F 1 with basal glabrous area and distal 1 / 3 pubescent. Legs with predominantly long yellow hairs, sparse and thinner on the dorsal face of femora; tibiae with shorter and abundant hairs on the inner face. Mesosoma pubescence mixed yellowish and light-brown, long and branched on mesoscutum and scutellum, especially anteriorly; mesopleuron with yellowish-white hairs. T 1 disc visibly glabrous, with abundant, predominantly yellowish hairs on lateral margins, longer apically. Discs of T 2 - T 6 with thin, short yellow hairs and some brown hairs interspersed; sparser on T 2 and increasing towards T 6. Lateral margins of terga with thicker, longer, more abundant yellowish hairs, with some brown interspersed. Sterna with yellowish-white hairs, some with curved apices. — Punctation: Sculpture faint; integument shiny. — Shape and proportions: Head 1.2 × wider than long and 3.1 × wider than clypeocellar distance. Eye length 0.8 × maximum interorbital distance. Malar area 2.9 × F 3 diameter. Clypeus uniformly convex; its length 0.7 × maximum width and 2.4 × clypeocellar distance. Mandible length approximately equal to clypeocellar distance. Scape length 1.4 × alveolocellar distance; maximum diameter 1.2 × F 3 diameter. Vertex concave, with median postocellar protuberance. Interocellar distance 0.9 × ocellorbital distance and 2.5 × diameter of median ocellus. Interalveolar distance 1.1 × alveolar maximum diameter and approximately half of alveolorbital distance. Alveolocellar distance 2.8 × interalveolar distance. Scutellum triangular, disc strongly protuberant; width 1.9 × maximum length. Forewing length 3.1 × maximum wing width and 1.9 × head width. M + Cu bifurcation anterior to cu-a; distal hamuli: 11. Mesotibia 1.3 × mesobasitarsus length. Metatibia 3.4 × longer than wide. Metabasitarsus 3.6 × longer than wide. Second metatarsomere 3.1 × longer than wide.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Melipona seminigra sensu stricto has long been treated as the typical representative of the complex. In Francini et al. (2022), vouchers identified as M. seminigra correspond to the terminal lineage designated as M. s. ssp. 1, a conclusion we confirmed through examination of the original voucher series. Some specimens are teneral, complicating reliable morphological assessment, while others exhibit traits resembling M. merrillae, which prevented definitive identification. Considering the intense meliponiculture activity in the Manaus region, including managed colonies of M. seminigra, we emphasize the need for comprehensive studies on reproductive interactions and potential introgression or even outbreeding depression among closely related Melipona lineages.</p><p>Geographic records.</p><p>Brazil: Amazonas (Boa Vista do Ramos, Itacoatiara, Maués), Pará (Oriximiná) (Fig. 13).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8AB81A08E876589495CEE44C719C3614	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos;Nogueira, David Silva;Francini, Izaura Bezerra;Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de;Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira;Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida;Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de	Santos-Silva, José Augusto dos, Nogueira, David Silva, Francini, Izaura Bezerra, Oliveira, Julio César Carvalho de, Alves, Rogério Marcos de Oliveira, Carvalho-Zilse, Gislene Almeida, Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de (2026): Hidden Amazonian diversity: integrative taxonomy reshapes the Melipona seminigra species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 84: 815-846, DOI: 10.3897/asp.84.e201039
