identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B16587B59772FFBDFDAF5261D3B8FBF5.text	B16587B59772FFBDFDAF5261D3B8FBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spumacinctus Jorge & Libonatti & Benetti & Hamada 2026	<div><p>Genus Spumacinctus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4A87F6C5-E401-4040-9AC6-2664F9566F69</p><p>Type species</p><p>Spumacinctus mindu gen. et sp. nov. by present designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Spumacinctus gen. nov. comprises small marsh beetles with an adult body length of TL 2.9–3.2 mm and completely yellow body colour. The metafemora are enlarged, like other saltatorial genera. Spumacinctus shares with Scirtes, Sulcatoscirtes and Exochomoscirtes the condition of the hind coxae being in contact along the entire length of the median line. In contrast, it differs from Ora and Curtoscirtes in which the hind coxae are either separated or only touching at the base, diverging posteriorly. While the prosternal process is entirely laminar and narrow in other saltatorial genera, in Spumacinctus it is distinguished by its ventral portion, which is dorsoventrally flattened, rhombus-shaped. The frontoclypeus is extended forward and laterally, with the lateral margins diverging forward, the anterior angles slightly rounded and the anterior margin very slightly notched medially, as in some Scirtes species. In the male genitalia, the tegmen is well sclerotized and bears a pair of parameres; the penis is well sclerotized, asymmetrical, elongate, and has at least one apical acute appendage.</p><p>Last instar larva. The body is 7.4–12.0 mm long and yellow in colour. The shape of tergite IX is unique in having two distinct lateral emarginations, each forming a lateral lobe (Fig. 6J). The hypopharynx bears a median sclerite with a pair of flattened lobes between the two rows of comb teeth (Fig. 6E), as in Exochomoscirtes, Scirtes, and Ora . Each of these lobes bears a single appendage, a condition also reported for Exochomoscirtes . In contrast, larvae of Scirtes (including the type species, S. hemisphaericus) and Ora possess multiple appendages on each lobe, forming hand-like structures. The mandibles have a very broadly rounded apex (Fig. 6D), even wider than in Ora (in contrast to pointed, bifid or multipointed in the other saltatorial genera). The maxillary palpi are three-segmented (Fig. 6C), unlike Exochomoscirtes, most Scirtes and Ora, in which they are four-segmented.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new genus refers to the peculiar mode of pupation, in an air chamber surrounded by foam. From Latin ' spuma ' = 'foam', and ' cinctus ' = 'surrounded by'. Gender masculine.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult</p><p>BODY. Length 2.9–3.5 mm (n = 13), body oval, completely yellow, with many setae relatively short. Punctation on head, pronotum and elytra sparse, separated by 1.5–2.0 × diameter of a puncture.</p><p>HEAD. Wider than long (Fig. 2A); eyes relatively large, prominent; subgenal ridges arched, extending far beyond the point where buttonhole should be; subgenal ridges without buttonhole configuration. Frontoclypeus rectangular, extended forward and laterally, with lateral margins diverging forward, anterior angles slightly rounded and anterior margin slightly notched medially (Fig. 2A). Antennae filiform, antennomeres relatively thin and long, scape cylindrical (Fig. 2A). Labrum rectangular with many long setae, anterior margin with a small central projection, lateral margins diverging forward, anterior angles rounded (Fig. 2B). Mandibles symmetrical, subtriangular, lacking denticles on inner margin, apex elongate curved and acute, dorsal surface with five strong setae (Fig. 2C). Maxillary palp with four palpomeres, last one longest, 2.5 × as long as the first palpomere (Fig. 2D). Labium with rectangular mentum, without bilobed paraglossa, third labial palpomere with an acute apex, originating from median part of inner margin of second palpomere (Fig. 2E).</p><p>THORAX. Pronotum almost as wide as elytral base, trapezoidal, anterolateral angles gently rounded, projecting forward, lateral margins rounded, posterolateral angles projecting outwards (Fig. 2F). Scutellar shield triangular, slightly wider than long. Elytra oblong oval, margins clearly visible in dorsal view; elytral epipleura wide, with flat surface. Hindwings fully developed, with two types of marginal setae: long, widely spaced setae and short, closely spaced ones; form 2 (sensu Yoshitomi 2005), medial field with CuA 1 long, connected to MP 3+ 4 in posterior part; central field with well-marked r4 and r3 (Fig. 3A). Prosternal process laminar and narrow, ventral portion flattened dorsoventrally, rhombus-shaped and covered with setae (Fig. 2G–H). Mesoventral process elongate, thin, with apex clearly bilobed (Fig. 2I). Metacoxae with semi-square plates, meeting in parallel along full length of median line (Fig. 3B). Ventrite 5 with a V-shaped emargination on posterior margin.</p><p>LEGS. Metafemora widened, saltatorial, 2 × as long as wide. Metatibial spurs well developed, gently curved and unequal in length; dorsal spur slightly longer than half length of tarsomere 1, ventral spur less than half length of dorsal one (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Male</p><p>Sternite VIII absent. Tegmen well sclerotized, with two parameres. Penis well sclerotized, asymmetrical, elongate, with at least one apical acute appendage.</p><p>Larva</p><p>Length 7.4–12.0 mm, body completely yellow (Fig. 4G). Clypeolabrum with two well-developed lobes. Mandibles symmetrical, wide, with broadly rounded apex; several fine bristles arranged in a single area on ventral surface, near inner edge; ventral surface with one bristle-field. Maxillary palpi three-segmented; third palpomere with rounded apex and a sensory area. Hypopharynx with fine and long toothed bristles, each bearing a few small teeth; a pair of basal pores located laterally; sclerite connecting inner pair of comb teeth present, composed of two finger-like structures (Fig. 6G). Tibiotarsal organ and swimming setae absent. Abdomen gradually tapered posteriorly; segments I–VII with fine, widely spaced setae on dorsal surface and several long setae along lateral margins of tergites and sternites; six long setae arranged horizontally on posterior margin of each tergite, three on each side. Tergite IX with two distinct lateral emarginations, each forming a lateral lobe; numerous anal papillae (Fig. 4H).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Spumacinctus gen. nov. is known from Brazil and Costa Rica.</p><p>Key to adults of the saltatorial genera of Scirtidae from Neotropical region</p><p>Adapted from Epler (2010).</p><p>1. Metacoxae with subtriangular plates, median line of plates not parallel, diverging along the full length (Fig. 11A)........................................................................................................ Ora Clark, 1865</p><p>– Metacoxae with semi-square plates, median line of plates in parallel along the full length, posterior margin truncated (Fig. 11B–C).......................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Prosternal process entirely laminar, flattened laterally in a keel shape (Fig. 11D)............................. .............................................................................................................................. Scirtes Illiger, 1807</p><p>– Prosternal process in anterior portion flattened laterally, laminar, and in ventral portion flattened dorsoventrally, rhombus-shaped (Fig. 11E)................................................... Spumacinctus gen. nov.</p><p>Key to larvae (last instar) of the saltatorial genera of Scirtidae from Neotropical region</p><p>Adapted from Epler (2010) and Watts (2014).</p><p>1. Mandible with a single point at the apex (Fig. 11F)............................................. Scirtes Illiger, 1807</p><p>– Mandible with a rounded apex (Fig. 11G–H).................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Maxillary palp with 4 palpomeres (Fig. 11I). Mandible in ventral surface with 2 bristle-fields (Fig. 11G). Tergite IX without lateral emarginations (Fig. 11K)............................... Ora Clark, 1865</p><p>– Maxillary palp with 3 palpomeres (Fig. 11J). Mandible in ventral surface with 1 bristle-field (Fig. 11H). Tergite IX with 2 lateral emarginations, each forming a lateral lobe (Fig. 11L) ....................................................................................................... Spumacinctus gen. nov.</p><p>Biology of Spumacinctus gen. nov.</p><p>Larvae and pupae Spumacinctus gen. nov. were found in phytotelmata; in particular, those of S. mindu gen. et sp. nov. and S. championi comb. nov. associated with bromeliads, and those of S. porcicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. with wild banana trees. Under laboratory conditions, larvae that reached the adult stage spent six months to over one year in the larval stage. Younger larvae showed the highest mortality, probably due to the greater number of moults required before pupation, which may have reduced their chances of survival, as previously observed in other scirtid genera (Libonatti, unpublished data). Just before pupation, the last instar larva of Spumacinctus rises to the surface of the water and produces a dense foam chamber (Fig. 12A).</p><p>The pupa develops surrounded by foam and remains in this life stage for four to five days. After the emergence, the adult stays inside the chamber for about 24 hours before breaking through the bubbles and exiting (Fig. 12B–E). Unfortunately, we were unable to obtain pupae for morphological description, as all individuals successfully completed development and emerged as adults. It is not possible to describe the pupa based solely on the exuviae, as its characteristics become difficult to define once vacated by the adult.</p><p>In the field, we found the pupa of S. mindu gen. et sp. nov. developing in the axillary part of bromeliad leaves, where the foam adhered to the leaves and in contact with water (Fig. 12F–G). The pupa of S. porcicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. was observed in a dry location on the leaf sheath of a wild banana tree, where the foam also adhered (Fig. 12H–I).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B16587B59772FFBDFDAF5261D3B8FBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jorge, Gabrielle;Libonatti, María L.;Benetti, Cesar J.;Hamada, Neusa	Jorge, Gabrielle, Libonatti, María L., Benetti, Cesar J., Hamada, Neusa (2026): Pupating in bubbles: Spumacinctus gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from the Neotropical region, with a key to saltatorial genera. European Journal of Taxonomy 1061: 1-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1061.3285, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3285/14488
B16587B59771FFB6FDF35553D570F817.text	B16587B59771FFB6FDF35553D570F817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spumacinctus mindu Jorge & Libonatti & Benetti & Hamada 2026	<div><p>Spumacinctus mindu gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7ADE630B-4F55-41E1-91DC-A78369353248</p><p>Figs 4–7</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Spumacinctus mindu gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of S. porcicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. by the shape of the tegmen, which is spoon-shaped (vs rectangular with anterior emargination), and by the parameres, which are asymmetrical and possess a distinct external concavity on the right side (vs symmetrical and densely setose). The penis bears a left appendage with a thin and acute apex and a right appendage more robust and hook-shaped, while in S. porcicaudalis the appendage is helically twisted and pig-tail shaped. Females of S. mindu differ from those of S. porcicaudalis by having a pair of long lateral teeth on the bursal sclerite arranged in a U-shape, with an additional basal tooth (vs lateral teeth arranged in a V-shape, no basal tooth), and from S. championi (Picado, 1912) comb. nov. by the presence of three distinct teeth (vs only two parallel subtriangular teeth). The last instar larva of S. mindu is completely yellow and smaller (7.4–8.0 mm) than that of S. porcicaudalis (10.0–12.0 mm) and differs in having long antennae with at least 120 flagellomeres (vs short antennae in the other species). The number of basal setae on the clypeolabrum (three pairs) and the shallow emarginations of tergite IX also contrast with the larva of S. porcicaudalis (seven pairs; deep emarginations).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species was named after the type locality “Parque Municipal do Mindu” (Portuguese), an urban park in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. This name is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>All the specimens have a label with the following information: Spumacinctus mindu sp. nov. Jorge, Libonatti, Benetti &amp; Hamada.</p><p>Holotype</p><p>BRAZIL – Amazonas • ♂; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.005474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0801694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.005474/lat -3.0801694)">Parque Municipal do Mindu</a>; 3°4′48.61″ S, 60°0′19.7″ W; 18 Jan. 2017; G. Jorge and I. Marques leg.; larva collected in bromeliad; adult obtained by rearing larvae under laboratory conditions; INPA.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>BRAZIL – Amazonas • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for the holotype; 10 Nov. 2016; INPA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZUSP • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.031334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5892222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.031334/lat -2.5892222)">Reserva Biológica da Campina</a>, BR 174 km; 2°35′21.2″ S, 60°01′52.8″ W; 5 Dec. 2016; G. Jorge, I. Marques, E.D. Ribeiro and J. Vidal leg.; larva collected in bromeliad; adult obtained by rearing larvae under laboratory conditions; INPA • 1 ♀; Presidente Figueiredo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.062206&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.9867444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.062206/lat -1.9867444)">Cachoeira de Iracema</a>; 1°59′12.28″ S, 60°3′43.94″ W; 6 Jun. 2017; G. Jorge and R.B. Pinedo leg.; adult collected in bromeliad; manual collection; INPA • 1 ♀; Rio Preto da Eva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.450447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.731889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.450447/lat -2.731889)">Ramal do Procopio</a>; 2°43′54.8″ S, 59°27′01.6″ W; 10 Jun. 2017; G. Jorge, N. Hamada, C.J. Benetti, L.O. Santana and A. Short leg.; larva collected in bromeliad; adult obtained by rearing larvae under laboratory conditions; INPA .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>BRAZIL – Amazonas • 17 larvae; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.005474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0801694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.005474/lat -3.0801694)">Parque Municipal do Mindu</a>; 3°4′48.61″ S, 60°0′19.7″ W; 10 Nov. 2016; G. Jorge and I. Marques leg.; collected in bromeliad; INPA • 1 larva; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.97314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9297779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.97314/lat -2.9297779)">Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke</a>, AM 024 Km; 2°55′47.2″ S, 59°58′23.3″ W; 17 Apr. 2014; G. Jorge, R.B. Pinedo and A. Lopes leg.; collected in bromeliad; INPA • 3 larvae; same data as for preceding; trail L4- 500m; 2°57′11.3″ S, 59°57′56.5″ W; 12 Jun. 2017; INPA • 2 larvae; Manaus, BR-174, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.031334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5892222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.031334/lat -2.5892222)">Reserva Biológica da Campina</a>; 2°35′21.2″ S, 60°01′52.8″ W; 18 Mar. 2017; G. Jorge, I. Marques, E.D. Ribeiro and J. Vidal leg.; collected in bromeliad; INPA .</p><p>Description</p><p>Males (Figs 4A–C, 5A–H)</p><p>BODY. Oval, little convex, covered closely with many setae, coloration completely yellow (Fig. 4A–C).</p><p>HEAD. Proportional length of antennomeres (n = 4): 2.0–3.2: 1.3–1.5: 1.0: 2.1–3.0: 2.3–3.8: 2.3–3.8: 2.1–3.2: 2.0–3.5: 1.7–3.0: 1.7–3.2: 1.8–4.0. Interocular space ca 2.6 × as long as maximum diameter of eye.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Covered with many setae, except for anterolateral glabrous areas on ventrites 1–3 and in posteromedial area on ventrite 3 (Fig. 5A). Ventrite 3 bearing an anterior row of 13 setae with dark alveoli. Ventrites 4–5 with longer setae, ventrite 5 with a conspicuous V-shaped emargination on posterior margin (Fig. 5A). Tergite VII semicircular, with slightly arched apodemes that project beyond anterior margin for approximately ¼ of its total length; mid-posterior area well marked with distinct setae, more robust and longer than other setae; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 5B). Tergite VIII with semicircular plate, six robust lateral setae and several fine apical setae; pair of long, straight and well sclerotized apodemes (Fig. 5C). Tergite IX elongate, with two paired semi-rectangular plates and relatively long and thin apical setae; a pair of long, well sclerotized apodemes, diverging anteriorly (Fig. 5D). Sternite IX elongated, 2.5 × as long as wide, with posterior margin bilobed bearing several setae (Fig. 5E). Tegmen asymmetrical, well sclerotized, elongated with spoon-shaped basal part; parameres long, gradually dilated posteriorly, then abruptly narrowing, with short setae; right-handed paramere with a distinct external concavity, forming a semi-rectangular apex (Fig. 5F), left-handed paramere with margin rounded in natural condition (slight concavity seen in Fig. 5F is an artifact caused by coverslip pressure). Penis asymmetrical, well sclerotized, elongate; pala concave in ventral surface, elongate; appendages almost the same length; left-handed appendage elongate, thin, ending in an acute apex, right-handed appendage more robust than left-handed, ending in a hook-shaped apex (Fig. 5G–H). Measurements (n = 4): TL 3.1–3.4 mm; HW 0.9–1.3 mm; IS 0.5–0.6 mm; PL 0.4 mm; PW 1.4–1.5 mm; EL 2.7–2.9 mm; EW 2.3–2.8 mm.</p><p>Female (Figs 4D–F, 5I–L)</p><p>BODY. Externally similar to male, without apparent sexual dimorphism (Fig. 4D–F).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Covered with many setae (Fig. 5I). Ventrite 5 with a conspicuous V-shaped emargination on posterior margin (Fig. 5I). Tergite VII semicircular, with slightly arched apodemes that project beyond anterior margin for approximately ½ of their total length; mid-posterior area well marked with distinct setae, more robust and shorter than other setae; posterior margin oval, more projected than that of male (Fig. 5J). Bursal sclerite well sclerotized, middle part with a pair of long lateral teeth arranged in a U-shape; with a basal tooth at least 5 × as small as the lateral ones (Fig. 5K–L). Prehensor undistinguishable. Measurements (n = 5): TL 3.1–3.5 mm; HW 0.8–1.0 mm; IS 0.5–0.6 mm; PL 0.4 mm; PW 1.3–1.5 mm; EL 2.7–2.9 mm; EW 2.1–2.4 mm.</p><p>Last instar larva (Figs 4G–H, 6)</p><p>HABITUS (Fig. 4G). TL 7.4–8.0 mm (n = 5). Coloration uniformly light yellow in dorsal and ventral surfaces.</p><p>HEAD. Transverse oval, length 0.7–0.8 mm, width 1.1–1.2 mm (n = 5); lateral margins with a series of long, thin setae. Antennae long, reaching approximately up to fourth abdominal segment; flagellum with at least 120 flagellomeres. Clypeolabrum with two well-developed lobes bearing setae at oval apices; dorsal surface with few fine, short, widely spaced setae; three pairs of basal setae; palisade setae numerous, thin and long; a pore-like sensillum on each lobe base; each lobe with an apical elevation bearing a strong spine with two very small spines on outer margin; ventral surface with five thin inner setae, anterior four tightly grouped and separate from posterior one, the two largest setae each bearing a very small spine; ventral surface densely covered with short and fine setae, particularly on lobes (Fig. 6A–B). Mandible with a row of 53 long setae on outer margin, dorsal surface with a group of microtrichia near base and 14 medium-sized setae next to field of microtrichia (Fig. 6D). Maxilla elongate; galea with oval apex and dense brush bristles; triangular lacinia lacking teeth on inner margin; maxillary palp long, three palpomeres; first palpomere 3 × as long as wide, longer and more robust than the others, with some small bristles and others larger; second palpomere twice as long as wide, with only one seta; third palpomere with apex rounded, twice as long as wide, with few spaced setae on dorsal surface and an oval area of sensory organs arranged longitudinally on ventral surface at apex of palpomere (Fig. 6C). Hypopharynx as long as wide, socket and keel sclerite contiguous; basal pair of small pores arranged horizontally; small, elongate tooth bristles with 2–3 teeth; stiff plate with fine bristles; comb plate with 8–9 pairs of teeth; 36 pairs of long claw teeth; rounded cushion area (Fig. 6E–G).</p><p>THORAX. Several long and thin setae on lateral margins and a few short and thin setae on dorsal surface; prothorax longer than meso- and metathorax, twice as long as wide; mesothorax and metathorax of similar length. Legs short, with robust and strong setae; front leg shortest and thinnest; femur with a long seta on inner margin; femur and tibia with robust and strong setae; tarsal claw with two robust, short setae (Fig. 6H).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Tergite VIII trapezoidal; posterior margin concave; dorsal surface densely covered with fine setae; middle portion with a pair of strong setae; a pair of horizontally arranged pore-like sensilla, situated between pair of strong setae and posterior margin; lateral margins covered with several strong setae similar to pair of setae of middle portion; a long, thin setae on each lateral margin; a pair of thin setae at each lateral corner (Fig. 6I). Tergite IX arch-shaped; anterodorsal margin produced medially; anteroventral margin with simple setae; lateral margins each with a row of several hair-like setae; one strong seta on each lateral margin; posterior margin straight, with one seta on each lateral corner; one shallow emargination forming a lobe on each lateroposterior margin (Fig. 6J). Sternite VIII trapezoidal, 3 × as wide as long; dorsal surface with a few short setae; lateral margin with several thin, elongate setae (Fig. 6K). Sternite IX semicircular; dorsal surface with fine setae; posterior margin straight, with a welldefined row of simple setae and several additional setae alternated along it (Fig. 6L).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Spumacinctus mindu gen. et sp. nov. is known from Brazil, state of Amazonas, Manaus municipality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B16587B59771FFB6FDF35553D570F817	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jorge, Gabrielle;Libonatti, María L.;Benetti, Cesar J.;Hamada, Neusa	Jorge, Gabrielle, Libonatti, María L., Benetti, Cesar J., Hamada, Neusa (2026): Pupating in bubbles: Spumacinctus gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from the Neotropical region, with a key to saltatorial genera. European Journal of Taxonomy 1061: 1-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1061.3285, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3285/14488
B16587B5977BFFABFDDE5071D17BFE0A.text	B16587B5977BFFABFDDE5071D17BFE0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spumacinctus porcicaudalis Jorge & Libonatti & Benetti & Hamada 2026	<div><p>Spumacinctus porcicaudalis gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 63BB392C-720A-4986-A811-D8A060CBD92E</p><p>Figs 7–9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Spumacinctus porcicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. differs from S. mindu gen. et sp. nov. in having a rectangular tegmen with a conspicuous anterior emargination (vs spoon-shaped), symmetrical parameres with numerous short setae (vs asymmetrical, less setose), and a penis bearing a robust, pig-tail-shaped appendage (vs hook-shaped right appendage and acute left one). Females of S. porcicaudalis are distinguished from those of the other species by having a pair of lateral teeth on the bursal sclerite arranged in a V-shape and no basal tooth (vs teeth arranged in a U-shape with an extra basal tooth in S. mindu; parallel teeth in S. championi comb. nov.). The last instar larva is the largest among the three species (10.0–12.0 mm), with dark yellow coloration and lighter thoracic areas (vs uniformly yellow in S. mindu, and patterned abdomen in S. championi), and is characterized by seven pairs of basal setae on the clypeolabrum and deep lateral emarginations on tergite IX (vs three pairs and shallow emarginations in S. mindu).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of this species refers to the shape of the penis that is twisted in a spiral resembling the tail of a pig. From Latin: ' porci ' = 'pig' and ' caudalis ' = 'pertaining to the tail'.</p><p>Type material</p><p>All the specimens have a label with the following information: Spumacinctus porcicaudalis sp. nov. Jorge, Libonatti, Benetti &amp; Hamada.</p><p>Holotype</p><p>BRAZIL – Amazonas • ♂; Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.965694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9531388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.965694/lat -2.9531388)">Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke</a>, AM 024 km; 2°57′11.3″ S, 59°57′56.5″ W; 12 Jun. 2017; G. Jorge, R.B. Pinedo and A. Lopes leg.; larva collected in wild banana tree; adult obtained by rearing larvae under laboratory conditions; INPA.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>BRAZIL – Amazonas • 1 ♀; same collection data as for the holotype; INPA • 1 ♂; Manaus, BR-174, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.031334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5892222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.031334/lat -2.5892222)">Ramal da Vila Cuieiras</a>; 2°35′21.2″ S, 60°01′52.8″ W; 12 May 2017; G. Jorge and J.O. Silva leg.; larva collected in wild banana tree; adult obtained by rearing larvae under laboratory conditions; INPA • 1 ♂; Manaus, stream near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.070526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0420556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.070526/lat -3.0420556)">Eduardo Gomes Airport</a>; 3°02′31.4″ S, 60°04′13.9″ W; 25 May 2022; G. Jorge, J.O. Silva and E.A. Cortês leg.; larva collected in wild banana tree; adult obtained by rearing larvae under laboratory conditions; INPA • 1 ♂; Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA); 15–16 May 2024; G. Jorge and E.S. Pereira leg.; adult collected using a lamp over a bucket; INPA .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>BRAZIL – Amazonas • 66 larvae; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.965694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9531388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.965694/lat -2.9531388)">Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke</a>, AM 024 km, trail L4-500; 2°57′11.3″ S, 59°57′56.5″ W; 12 Jun. 2017; G. Jorge, R.B. Pinedo and A. Lopes leg.; collected in wild banana tree; manual collection; INPA .</p><p>Description</p><p>Males (Figs 7A–C, 8A–H)</p><p>BODY. Oval, convex, covered closely with many setae, coloration completely yellow (Fig. 7A–C).</p><p>HEAD. Proportional length of antennomeres (n = 2): 1.8–2.4: 1.2; 1.0: 2.0–2.6: 2.2–2.6: 2.2–2.6: 2.0: 2.0–2.2: 1.8: 2.0: 2.2–2.4. Interocular space ca 2.9 × as long as maximum diameter of eye.</p><p>ABDOMEN. Covered with many setae, except for anterolateral glabrous areas on ventrites 2–4 and posteromedial area on ventrite 1 (Fig. 8A). Ventrite 2 bearing an anterior row of 7 setae with dark alveoli. Ventrite 5 with a marked emargination on posterior margin (Fig. 8A). Tergite VII semitrapezoidal, with slightly arched apodemes that project beyond the anterior margin for approximately ¼ of its total length; mid-posterior with distinct setae, more robust and smaller than other setae; posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 8B). Tergite VIII with semicircular plate, with several fine apical setae; pair of long apodemes, slightly arched and well sclerotized (Fig. 8C). Tergite IX elongate, with two paired semi-rectangular plates and relatively long and thin apical setae, a pair of long apodemes, arched and well sclerotized (Fig. 8D). Sternite IX oval with bilobed posterior margin, almost as long as wide, with relatively long apical setae (Fig. 8E). Tegmen symmetrical, well sclerotized, elongate and wide (Fig. 8F); basal part rectangular, with an emargination on anterior margin; parameres with many short setae, dilated in median portion and acuminate apex (slight asymmetry seen in Fig. 8F is an artifact caused by coverslip pressure). Penis asymmetrical, well sclerotized, elongate; pala concave in ventral surface and elongate; an appendage well sclerotized, with a helically twisted apex, like the tail of a pig (Fig. 8G–H). Measurements: (n = 2): TL 2.9–3.0 mm; HW 1.1–1.2 mm; IS 0.6 mm; PL 0.4 mm; PW 1.5–1.6 mm; EL 2.5–2.6 mm; EW 2.4–2.6 mm.</p><p>Female (Figs 7D–F, 8I–M)</p><p>BODY. More oval than in male, maximum elytra width (EW) located more posteriorly in relation to male (Fig. 7D–F). Elytral epipleura narrower than in male (Fig. 7E).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Covered with many setae (Fig. 8I). Ventrite 5 with an almost straight posterior margin, with much less marked emargination than in male (Fig. 8I). Tergite 7 semicircular, with slightly arched apodemes that project beyond anterior margin for approximately ½ of their total length; mid-posterior area well marked with distinct setae, more robust and longer than other setae; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 8J). Bursal sclerite well sclerotized, middle part with a pair of long lateral teeth arranged in a V-shape, without basal tooth (Fig. 8K–L). Prehensor cylindrical, well sclerotized, composed of two oval and rough plates arranged in parallel (Fig. 8M). Measurements (n = 1): TL 3.0 mm; HW 1.2 mm; IS 0.6; PL 0.4 mm; PW 1.5 mm; EL 2.5; EW 2.3 mm.</p><p>Last instar larva (Figs 7G, 9)</p><p>HABITUS (Fig. 7G). TL 10.0–12.0 mm (n = 5). Coloration dark yellow with lighter areas in the central region of the thorax, in dorsal view.</p><p>HEAD. Transverse rectangular, length 0.8–1.0 mm, width 1.2–1.5 mm (n = 5); lateral margins with a series of long, thin setae. Antennae short, reaching approximately up to prothorax; flagellum with at least 40 flagellomeres. Clypeolabrum V-shaped with two well-developed lobes with setae at oval apices; dorsal surface with fine, short, widely spaced setae; seven pairs of basal setae; palisade setae numerous, thin and long; a pore-like sensillum on each lobe base; each lobe with an apical elevation bearing a strong spine with three very small spines on outer margin; ventral surface with five thin inner setae, anterior four tightly grouped and separate from posterior largest one; ventral surface densely covered with short and fine setae, particularly on lobes (Fig. 9A–B). Mandible with a row of 42 long setae on outer margin, dorsal surface with a group of microtrichia near base; 13 medium-sized setae next to field of microtrichia (Fig. 9D). Maxilla elongate; galea with oval apex and dense brush bristles; triangular lacinia lacking teeth on inner margin; maxillary palp long, three palpomeres; first palpomere 3 × as long as wide, longest and more robust than others, with some small bristles and others larger; second palpomere twice as long as wide with only one seta; third palpomere with apex rounded, twice as long as wide, with few spaced setae on dorsal surface and an oval area of sensory organs present longitudinally on ventral surface at apex of palpomere (Fig. 9C). Hypopharynx as long as wide, socket and keel sclerite contiguous; basal pair of small pores arranged horizontally; small, elongate tooth bristles with 3–4 teeth; stiff plate with fine bristles; comb plate with 8 pairs of teeth; 32 pairs of long claw teeth; rounded cushion area (Fig. 9E–F).</p><p>THORAX. Several long and thin setae on lateral margins and a few short and thin setae on dorsal surface; prothorax more expanded than meso-metathorax, twice as long as wide; mesothorax and metathorax of similar length. Legs short, with robust and strong setae; front leg shortest and thinnest, femur with a long seta on inner margin; femur and tibia with robust and strong setae; tarsal claw with two robust, short setae (Fig. 9G).</p><p>ABDOMEN. Tergite VIII trapezoidal; posterior margin concave; dorsal surface densely covered with fine setae; middle portion with a pair of strong setae; a pair of horizontally arranged pore-like sensilla, situated between pair of strong setae and posterior margin; lateral margins covered with strong setae similar to pair of setae of middle portion, a long, thin setae on each lateral margin; a pair of thin, short setae at each lateral corner (Fig. 9H). Tergite IX arch-shaped; anterodorsal margin produced medially; anteroventral margin with simple setae; lateral margins each with a row of several hair-like setae of variable length; posterior margin concave, with one seta on each lateral corner; one deep emargination forming a lobe on each lateral margin (Fig. 9I). Sternite VIII trapezoidal, 3 × as wide as long; dorsal surface with a few short setae; lateral margin with several thin, elongate setae; three thin and long setae at each lateral corner (Fig. 9J). Sternite IX semicircular; dorsal surface with fine setae; posterior margin with a row of simple setae (Fig. 9K).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Spumacinctus porcicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. is known from Brazil, state of Amazonas, Manaus municipality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B16587B5977BFFABFDDE5071D17BFE0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jorge, Gabrielle;Libonatti, María L.;Benetti, Cesar J.;Hamada, Neusa	Jorge, Gabrielle, Libonatti, María L., Benetti, Cesar J., Hamada, Neusa (2026): Pupating in bubbles: Spumacinctus gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from the Neotropical region, with a key to saltatorial genera. European Journal of Taxonomy 1061: 1-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1061.3285, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3285/14488
B16587B59764FFA9FE2C5073D413FC1B.text	B16587B59764FFA9FE2C5073D413FC1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spumacinctus championi (Picado 1912) Jorge & Libonatti & Benetti & Hamada 2026	<div><p>Spumacinctus championi (Picado, 1912) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Scirtes championi Picado, 1912: 318 .</p><p>Emended diagnosis</p><p>Females of Spumacinctus championi comb. nov. is readily distinguished from those of both S. mindu gen. et sp. nov. and S. porcicaudalis gen. et sp. nov. by the morphology of the bursal sclerite, which bears two parallel subtriangular teeth with slightly arched apices. The larva (based on Picado 1913) is smaller (6 mm) than that of the other two species; the coloration pattern consisting of a light-yellow background with dark transverse abdominal bands, except on segment 8, is unique among the three.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Picado (1912) described the species based on two adult specimens, stating that one was deposited in the British Museum and the other in the Evolution Laboratory in Paris. However, we were only able to locate and examine the specimen deposited in the former institution (Fig. 10B), despite having conducted a search in the Paris Museum with the assistance of the curator. The specimen deposited in NHMUK is hereby designated as lectotype to clarify assignment of this name with this species.</p><p>Lectotype</p><p>COSTA RICA • ♀; “ Costa Rica. / ex C. Picado.” // “1913–83” // “ Scirtes / championi / Picado” // “ NHMUK015011773 ” // “♀”; NHMUK.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Female lectotype (Fig. 10)</p><p>Body oval, little convex, covered closely with many setae, coloration completely yellow (Fig. 10A). Hindleg with tibial spurs well developed, gently curved with different sizes; dorsal one a bit longer than half length of tarsomere 1; ventral one smaller than half length of dorsal one. Abdomen covered with many setae, except for anterolateral glabrous areas on ventrites 2–4 (Fig. 10C). Ventrite 5 with a marked emargination on posterior margin. Tergite VII semicircular, with slightly arched apodemes that project beyond anterior margin for approximately ¼ of its total length; mid-posterior with distinct setae, more robust and smaller than other setae; posterior margin rounded (Fig. 10D). Bursal sclerite weakly sclerotized, with two parallel subtriangular teeth, each ending in a slightly arched apex (Fig. 10E–F). Prehensor little sclerotized, semi-rectangular (Fig. 10F). Measurements: (n = 1): TL 3.1 mm; PW 1.3 mm; EW 1.9 mm.</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Larva</p><p>Described by Picado (1913).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Spumacinctus championi is known from Costa Rica, only from type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B16587B59764FFA9FE2C5073D413FC1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jorge, Gabrielle;Libonatti, María L.;Benetti, Cesar J.;Hamada, Neusa	Jorge, Gabrielle, Libonatti, María L., Benetti, Cesar J., Hamada, Neusa (2026): Pupating in bubbles: Spumacinctus gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from the Neotropical region, with a key to saltatorial genera. European Journal of Taxonomy 1061: 1-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1061.3285, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3285/14488
