identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1966CBA546FC56D1BC5A1BD0FA234E42.text	1966CBA546FC56D1BC5A1BD0FA234E42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rivetina archibaldi Kolnegari 2026	<div><p>Rivetina archibaldi Kolnegari sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined. —</p><p>Holotype: IRAN • ♂; Lorestan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.058193&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.81956" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.058193/lat 32.81956)">Pol-Dokhtar</a>, oak forest, on the ground; 32.819560°N, 48.058192°E; 1128 m; 3 June 2016; M. Kolnegari leg.; NMNHGR . Paratypes: IRAN • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; same information as holotype; NMNHGR • 7 ♂, 9 ♀; same information as holotype; PCMK .</p><p>Diagnosis. —</p><p>The metazone minimum width is distinctly smaller in Rivetina archibaldi sp. nov. (mean = 1.78 mm) than in all examined congeners. The new species is morphologically similar to R. dolichoptera but differs in the shape of the pronotum, the shorter supra-anal plate, and distinct features of the male genitalia.</p><p>Description. —</p><p>Male (Figs 3 A, 4 A, 4 C, 5 A, 6 A, 6 B, 6 C, 7 B, 8 A). Body length 55.5 ± 5.12; head length 5 ± 0.26; head width 5.86 ± 0.83; head width / length 1.18 ± 0.08; lower frons width 2.56 ± 0.20; lower frons height 1.4 ± 0.10; antennae 37.53 ± 5.81; pronotum length 13.8 ± 2.50; pronotum width 4.55 ± 1.20; pronotum length / width 3.18 ± 0.07; prozone length 4.75 ± 1.06; metazone length 9.75 ± 2.75; metazone minimum width 1.78 ± 0.11 mm (range 1.62–1.90 mm), metazone / prozone length 2.03 ± 0.12; forecoxae length 9.96 ± 1.17; forefemora length 12.4 ± 1.73; foretibiae length 8.2 ± 0.91; mesofemur length 12.9 ± 2.28; mesotibiae length 12.73 ± 2.05; metafemur length 16.6 ± 2.26; metatibiae length 19.93 ± 4.42; tegmen length 38.4 ± 0.56; tegmen / pronotum length 2.73 ± 0.68; tegmen width 8.23 ± 0.25; alae length 33.13 ± 1.20.</p><p>Head distinctly wider than long. Compound eyes prominent, darkened posteriorly and bearing two distinct pale stripes, which fade in preserved specimens. Ocellar area fairly elevated, with large ocelli. Vertex slightly convex, with four evident furrows. Lower frons slightly transverse, lateral margins parallel, lower margin rounded, dorsal edge arched. Antennae filiform, brownish; flagellum covered with minute pale setae.</p><p>Pronotum slender, longer than forecoxa, with a well-marked supracoxal dilatation. Metazone more than twice as long as prozone. Metazone with a median keel, without distinguishable granules. Pronotum margins barely denticulated.</p><p>Forelegs brownish, with several evenly distributed darker markings. Forecoxae longer than metazone, strongly toothed; apical lobes divergent. The forefemora concolorous with the body, all spines with blackish tips, first and second posteroventral spines close to each other. Ventral side of femora with a row of tubercles. Tibial spines short and gradually lengthen posteriorly, posteroventral ones starting at some distance from the base. Meso- and metathoracic legs slender, femora with subapical lobes. Femoral spination = 4 DS / 12–14 AvS / 4 PvS; Tibial spination = 13 AvS / 7 PvS (Fig. 5 A).</p><p>Mesopterous, with the wings not reaching the apex of the abdomen and leaving the supra-anal plate exposed. Forewings subopaque with a dark anal field. Posterior costal features a longitudinal white band. Between anterior radius and posterior radius, tegmina tinged with orange (observable in live specimens). Hind wings slightly surpassing forewings when at rest, discoidal field with white, dark-edged preapical spot, anal field infumated.</p><p>Abdomen elongated, with parallel margins, keeled medially. Dorsal side in life with a distinct pattern, each tergite displaying a pale base and a dark apex, and a pair of whitish paramedian markings crossing the border to the previous tergite (visible already in the sub-adult stage). Supra-anal plate triangular, markedly short, not surpassing styli and cerci. Cerci conical, consisting of 8–9 visible cercomeres. Distal cercomere thin. Subgenital plate symmetrical, bearing two relatively long styli, at different angles that are convergent, divergent, or parallel.</p><p>Ventral phallomere relatively oval, bearing a distinct, rounded median secondary distal process (sdpm); lateral secondary distal process (sdpl) broad, terminating in a small apical spine. Left phallomere typical for the group, with a long, curved apical process (paa), setose membranous lobe (loa), and well-developed phalloid apophysis; phalloid apophysis (afa) typical for the genus, with posterior lobe of phalloid apophysis (pafa) thin and acute; bifurcate, longer process regularly thickened (Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Female (Figs 3 B, 4 B, 4 D, 5 B, 6 D, 6 E, 6 F). Similar to male, with dark greyish brown body and more robust pronotum. Vertex humped. Margins of pronotum toothed. Wings short, exceeding third abdominal tergite, with variable markings on forewings. Abdomen fusiform, dorsal side of it in life with a distinct pattern, having a white longitudinal line along the median and each tergite having a pair of blackish paramedian markings. Spines of the seventh abdominal sternite short. Supra-anal plate triangular, equal in length to the cerci. Femoral spination = 4 DS / 13 AvS / 4 PvS; Tibial spination = 12 AvS / 7 PvS (Fig. 5 B).</p><p>Body length 56.43 ± 5.29; head length 5.9 ± 0.34; head width 7.1 ± 0.70; head width / length 1.21 ± 0.07; antennae 27.13 ± 2.30; pronotum length 14.5 ± 3.81; pronotum width 5.6 ± 3.4; pronotum length / width 2.95 ± 0.08; prozone length 5.73 ± 0.66; metazone length 10.83 ± 0.73; metazone / prozone length 1.9 ± 0.09; forecoxae length 12.53 ± 2.05; forefemur length 15.3 ± 1.96; foretibiae length 10.16 ± 1.45; mesofemur length 16 ± 1.5; mesotibia length 16.76 ± 0.92; metafemur length 21.1 ± 1.75; metatibiae length 25.56 ± 2.10; tegmen length 17.73 ± 1.50; tegmen / pronotum length 1.08 ± 0.19; tegmen width 7.4 ± 0.96; alae length 14.16 ± 2.45.</p><p>Etymology. —</p><p>The specific epithet archibaldi is dedicated to Dr. George Archibald, a renowned conservationist who has devoted more than half a century of his life to the protection of wildlife, especially cranes ( Aves, Gruidae), around the world. His lifelong efforts have played a central role in saving several crane species from extinction and in promoting the conservation of these legendary and symbolic birds across continents, including in the Middle East and Iran. The name honors his remarkable contribution to avian conservation and his inspiring legacy in global ornithology.</p><p>Natural history. —</p><p>Juvenile specimens were collected during daylight hours from the ground beneath oak trees ( Quercus spp.). When threatened, juveniles exhibited a deimatic display by extending their forelegs, resembling the behavior observed in species of Bolivaria . In captivity, specimens were fed on Musca spp. and reached adulthood after three to four molts in mid-summer. When disturbed, adults displayed a range of defensive behaviors, including raising the body, exposing the foreleg spines, spreading the wings, opening the maxillae, and dorsally curving the abdomen.</p><p>During encounters, adult males — and less frequently adult females — exhibited a stamping behavior, rhythmically moving both the midlegs and hindlegs up and down.</p><p>Remarks on eye patterns. —</p><p>Eye coloration patterns exhibit notable similarities among at least two groups of Rivetinidae examined in Iran. Observations of live specimens of both sexes revealed that Rivetina archibaldi sp. nov. and R. excellens possess similar, incomplete horizontal lines on the compound eyes, clearly visible in posterior and lateral views. In contrast, R. rhombicollis displays vertical eye markings, whereas in Bolivaria brachyptera and B. moseri, a dark line extends across the eyes and lower frons (Kolnegari, pers. obs.). Although these patterns are often faded or lost in preserved material, their interspecific variation may facilitate species recognition and provide additional morphological characters for future phylogenetic analyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1966CBA546FC56D1BC5A1BD0FA234E42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kolnegari, Mahmood;Handal, Elias;Zare Khormizi, Mahdi	Kolnegari, Mahmood, Handal, Elias, Zare Khormizi, Mahdi (2026): Rivetina archibaldi sp. nov. (Mantodea, Rivetinidae), a new praying mantis from the Zagros oak forests of Iran. Journal of Orthoptera Research 35 (2): 283-292, DOI: 10.3897/jor.35.174839
