taxonID	type	description	language	source
B259AC23841DFFADFC58F8CCFA849CFD.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: FB 9 C 0405 - FB 25 - 4273 - 8 E 6 F- 2473095 F 8 FF 9	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841DFFADFC58F8CCFA849CFD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. — Rinconodus salvadori n. sp.	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841DFFADFC58F8CCFA849CFD.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — As for type and only species (see below).	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841EFFA5FEB9FF09FC269CFB.taxon	description	(Figs 3; 4 A-D) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 08 DD 1186 - C 3 CB- 4 DD 0 - 990 D- 98964707 A 22 C	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841EFFA5FEB9FF09FC269CFB.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL TYPE. — Holotype. MAU-PV-LI- 613 (Figs 3; 4), an incomplete head which preserves several bones of the skull roof, palate, and jaw bones with their upper and lower tooth plates. Paratypes. MAU-PV-LI- 612 (Fig. 5), an incomplete head preserving bones of the skull roof, palate, upper tooth plates, and a fragment of lower tooth plate; MAU-PV-LI- 637; MAU-PV-LI- 638; MAU-PV-LI- 639, fragmentary upper tooth plates; MAU-PV-LI- 630, an incomplete vertebral column (section of the caudal region), with scales and fin rays, preserved in part counterpart.	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841EFFA5FEB9FF09FC269CFB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Dipnoan fish characterized by having a roughly rounded skull with a high degree of fusion and / or loss of dermal bones and a unique combination of characters. Skull roof bones organized in three series: i) medial series composed by two unpaired bones; ii) mediolateral series composed by two paired bones; and iii) lateral series with at least one bone. Anterior medial bone without sensory canals. Lateral line system partially enclosed in the anterior mediolateral bone and with pores. Anterior mediolateral bone with a descending process for articulation with the ascending pterygopalatine process of the upper jaw. Anterior mediolateral bone with an overlapping suture with the posterior mediolateral bone. Absence of pineal foramen. Upper tooth plates contiguous or close to one another with five denticulations. Lower tooth plates widely separated with four denticulations. Ridges originating postero-medially. Medial edge of tooth plates longer than the lingual edge and equally curved. First denticulation of upper tooth plates longer and thinner than the remaining denticulations, and posteriorly curved. First denticulation of lower tooth plates relatively straight and longer than the remaining. An oblong or elliptical upper symphysis and a linear lower symphysis. The pterygopalatine process is present (at level of the second denticulation). Double prearticular groove. Pattern of wear in form of circles on furrows, on mediolingual edge and over the plateau. Aspondylous vertebral column with a persistent and functional notochord in adult specimens.	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841EFFA5FEB9FF09FC269CFB.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The generic name is due to the town of Rincon de los Sauces, near the bearing outcropping beds. The specific name is in honor of the MAU technician Salvador Palomo, who found the specimens.	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841EFFA5FEB9FF09FC269CFB.taxon	distribution	TYPE LOCALITY. — La Invernada locality, Neuquén Province, Argentina (37 ° 34 ’ 57.1 ” S, 69 ° 19 ’ 16.2 ” W).	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841EFFA5FEB9FF09FC269CFB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE HORIZON. — Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Santonian (Upper Cretaceous).	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
B259AC23841EFFA5FEB9FF09FC269CFB.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Remarks on skull preservation Comparing both specimens, the holotype (Figs 3; 4) retains more of the original oval shape, and it is slightly deformed. MAU-PV-LI- 613 measures c. 4.81 cm in antero-posteriorly length and the bones of its skull roof are poorly preserved (Figs 3 A; 6 A, B). Partially preserved bones include: the anterior and posterior medial bones of the medial series (Fig. 4 A), and the anterior mediolateral bone of the mediolateral series (Fig. 4 A, C). Neither bones nor its impressions are recognized in the lateral series. The preserved palatine zone of MAU-PV-LI- 613 comprises the incomplete parasphenoid and pterygopalatine bones. The pterygopalatine tooth plates of MAU-PV-LI- 613 are almost complete (i. e., with broken first denticulations). The lower jaw preserves the prearticular bones with the almost complete tooth plates (the first denticulation of the right tooth plate is broken). A amb pmb C B prb ps D amlb MAU-PV-LI- 612 shows a more pronounced post-mortem deformation. The skull is dorsoventrally compressed, and the ascending process of the pterygopalatine bone and the descending process of the anterior mediolateral bone are broken and displaced. The skull of MAU-PV-LI- 612 (Fig. 5) has 5.57 cm in length and is partially preserved. Though the preserved skull roof bones of MAU-PV-LI- 612 are less than those of the holotype (MAU-PV-LI- 613), they are in better condition (Fig. 6 C, D). Partially preserved bones of the skull roof comprise: the anterior and posterior medial bones of the medial series; the anterior mediolateral bones, and the impression in sediment of the right posterior mediolateral bone of the mediolateral series; and a fragment of bone of the lateral series. The preserved palatine zone comprises the incomplete parasphenoid and the upper jaw with the pterygopalatine bones. The pterygopalatine tooth plates are complete but broken. The lower jaw is represented by a fragment of the prearticular bone with a partially preserved right prearticular tooth plate (Fig. 9). Skull roof The medial series of Rinconodus salvadori n. gen., n. sp. has two bones, a small anterior medial bone and a larger posterior medial one. The anterior medial bone is pentagonal, slightly longer than wider and tapering forward (Figs 3 A; 4 A; 5 A; 6). According to Kemp (1998) and Cavin et al. (2007), the anterior medial bone forms the so-called snout. Both, MAU-PV-LI- 612 and MAU-PV-LI- 613, have the anteriormost portion of this region broken, making it impossible to know how large the snout is (Fig. 6). Ornamentation of the anterior medial bone consists of grooves with pits that radiate from the center of ossification located near the posterior edge. The anterior medial bone is sutured posteriorly to the posterior medial bone and to the sides with the anterior mediolateral bones. The posterior medial bone is partially preserved in both skulls, and its morphology is difficult to assess with certainty (Figs 3 A; 4 A). However, its outline is based on bone impression in sediment surface (Fig. 5). Posterior medial bone is longer than wider tapering forward. The posterior edge is sinuous being concave in the midline (Fig. 6). Based on the inferred outline, the posterior medial bone seems to be the largest bone of the skull roof. It is sutured anteriorly with the anterior medial bone and towards the sides to the bones of the mediolateral series. No lateral line canals or pores are observed in bones of the medial series. The mediolateral series of Rinconodus salvadori n. gen., n. sp., is composed by two bones: the anterior mediolateral bone and the posterior mediolateral bone. Anterior mediolateral bone represents ¾ of the total length of the skull, being longer than wider (Figs 5 A, C; 7 A-D). The anterior edge is sutured with the anterior medial bone and, the medial edge, with the posterior medial bone. The concave dorsal margin of the orbit is anteriorly delimited by the anterolateral edge of the anterior mediolateral bone and, posteriorly, by the lateral process of the same bone (Fig. 7 A). Posteriorly to the lateral process, there is a small facet for the overlapping suture between the two bones of the mediolateral series (Fig. 7 A). The external surface of the anterior mediolateral bone bears the supraorbital sensory canal of the head lateral-line system. The supraorbital sensory canal has pores and is partially enclosed on the bone (Fig. 7 E, F, H-J). The external surface of the anterior mediolateral bone is completely preserved only on the right side of MAU-PV-LI- 612 (Fig. 5). The inner surface of the anterior mediolateral bone bears the descending process that articulates with the ascending process of the pterygopalatine bone, and with the olfactory capsules. The descending process is a mediolateral compressed bone, which is ventro-medially directed towards the pterygopalatine (Fig. 7 G). The descending process is completely preserved only on the right side of MAU-PV-LI- 613. The posterior-mediolateral bone is inferred based on the impression over the sediment. Only MAU-PV-LI- 612 preserves fragments of the anterior region of the posterior-mediolateral bone (Fig. 7 A). The lateral series is poorly preserved in both specimens. However, we observed a bone in lateral view of MAU-PV-LI- 612 interpreted here as part of the lateral series (Fig. 7 B). Palatine zone and ankylosed upper tooth plates (synonym of pterygopalatine tooth plates) The upper tooth plates are ankylosed to the pterygopalatine bone (Fig. 8 A, B). The upper jaw symphysis is positioned close to the first denticulation of the tooth plates and its surface is oblong in shape. Thus, upper tooth plates are close together (Fig. 8 A). Upper tooth plates have five denticulations, and their surface is covered by punctations without a clear pattern of distribution (Fig. 8 C). The first denticulation is the largest, and it curves laterally (Fig. 8 A). The remaining denticulations decrease in size posteriorly and their anterior edges are inclined ventromedially towards the symphysis (Fig. 8 A, D). The second cleft is the deepest. The inner angle of the pterygopalatine tooth plates is located at the level of the second cleft and does not coincide with the posterior tip of the pterygopalatine symphysis (Fig. 8 A). The medial edge of the pterygopalatine tooth plates is longer than the lingual edge and equally curved. While on the medial edge this curvature is homogeneous, on the lingual edge there is a concavity close to the inner angle (Fig. 8 F, G). The enamel, when present, is located over the edges (at the base of the denticulations and clefts) and disposed in bands. The enamel bone junction is leveled around the tooth plate. In the specimen MAU-PV-LI- 612, the enamel extends over the pterygopalatine bone (towards the posterior margin of the medial edge) forming a projection (Fig. 8 E). The specimen MAU-PV-LI- 613 and the incomplete pterygopalatine tooth plate MAU-PV-LI- 638 do not have such projection. In these (MAU-PV-LI- 613 and MAU-PV-LI- 638), the area of the inner angle is more prominent due to a concavity on the lingual edge (Fig. 8 F, G). The wear produced during life is evident on: i) the occlusal surface (as wear patterns); ii) the plateau area; and iii) the posterior surface of the ridges (as wear facets). The wear pattern over the occlusal surface is represented by small circumferences on the posterior area of the tooth plate (Fig. 8 F). On the plateau area, wear generates a concavity, where a positive structure of the lower tooth plates occludes. Due to this concavity, the mediolingual edge and the area of the ridges are elevated (Fig. 8 B, G). In the specimen MAU-PV-LI- 613, the fifth ridge forms an incipient step (Fig. 8 G). The crests in profile are rounded and may have denticles (Fig. 8 D). The presence of denticles shows earlier ontogenetic stages in relation to individuals who do not possess them. Denticles are observed in MAU-PV-LI- 612. The ascending pterygopalatine process is located at the level of the second denticulation. The ascending pterygopalatine process is caudally directed as in many dipnoans (see Kemp 1998) and located medially to the descending process. It is observed complete only in the segmentation of MAU-PV-LI- 613 (Fig. 8 H). The pterygopalatine bone curves slightly at its medial edge. The curving forms an acute angle in relation to the lingual edge of the tooth plate. The pterygopalatine bone shows ornamentation over the surface in the form of grooves with pits (Fig. 8 I-K). Caudal to the symphysis of the pterygopalatine bone there is a bilobated lamina of bone. Between the two lobes there is a suture which is continuous to the symphysis of the pterygopalatine bones (Fig. 8 I-J). On the sides of the lobes there are two long and narrow concavities filled with sediment (Figs 4 B; 8 I, J). The bilobated ossification is observed only in MAU-PV-LI- 613. The parasphenoid is located medially to the pterygopalatine bones and in contact with them; it is part of the base of the braincase forming most of the bony palate. The preserved anterior portion has a rhomboidal shape (Fig. 8 B, I). Lower jaw and ankylosed lower tooth plates (synonym of prearticular tooth plates) The lower tooth plates are ankylosed to the pterygopalatine bone (Fig. 9 A, B). The lower jaw symphysis is narrow and straight, and has a well-developed anterior symphyseal process. Thus, lower tooth plates are distant from each other (Fig. 9 A). The prearticular bone has the prearticular canal divided by the Ruge’s ridge, which delimits a shallower anterior and a deeper posterior concavity (Fig. 9 B, C). Externally, and covering the posterior area of the prearticular, there are small fragments of bones that are difficult to interpret (Fig. 7 D). However, by position, they could be fragments of the angular bone. The bones of the lower jaw have the same ornamentation present on the bones of the upper jaw (Fig. 9 J, K). The lower tooth plates have four denticulations, and their occlusal surface is covered by punctations with no pattern of distribution (Fig. 9 D, E). Denticulations decrease in length posteriorly, being the first one straight and thin (Fig. 9 A, D). The inner angle of the prearticular tooth plates is located at the level of the first denticulation (Fig. 9 A), the second cleft seems to be the deepest. The medial edge is longer than the lingual edge, both equally curved (Fig. 9 A). The enamel is located over the edges and arranged in bands (Fig. 9 F). The enamel bone junction is leveled. The wear produced during life is evidenced on: i) the occlusal surface (as wear patterns); ii) the plateau area; and iii) the anterior facets of the ridges. The first ridge has a wear facet on its anterior side (Fig. 9 E). This generates a concavity and an elevated flange towards the medial edge. The anterior sides of the denticulations have facets product of wear. Due to wear, the enamel of the anterior surface of the denticulation is reduced, while the posterior surface of the denticulation retains the enamel (Fig. 9 G, H). On the plateau area, wear generates a convex surface that occludes on the concavity of the pterygopalatine tooth plates (Fig. 9 I). This surface is not markedly convex as in other Argentinian dipnoans. The patterns of wear during life are in form of small circles evidenced on the mediolingual edge and on the furrows (Fig. 9 I). The fourth ridge generates the spur. This structure is formed by the wear of the fourth ridge leaving the lingual edge elevated. The spur occludes against the step of the upper tooth plates (Fig. 9 A, B). Vertebral column and associated structures MAU-PV-LI- 630 consists of an incomplete specimen representing a section of the caudal region (Fig. 10 A, B), measuring 15 cm in length. The space occupied by the functional notochord is preserved and centra are represented only by arcocentra (Arratia et al. 2001). The neural arches are badly preserved, and they articulate distally with the supraneural bones. The supraneurals have their proximal ends expanded, and articulate distally with the thicker dorsal radials (Fig. 10 B). Both, supraneurals and dorsal radials, have a general rod shape and are ornamented with grooves and pits. Ventrally to the notochord a bone is interpreted, following Arratia et al. 2001, as the haemal arches fused with the haemal spines. Distally, the haemal arches articulate with the infrahaemal bones. Although all the haemal arches and the infraheamal bones are incomplete, fragments and impressions in sediment allow the interpretation of the morphology of these elements. The haemal arches and the infraheaemal bones are rod shaped and have their proximal and distal ends widened. The segmented fin rays are preserved in certain areas of the counterpart material (Fig. 10 C). Scales Body scales are badly preserved, and their actual morphology remains unclear. Body scales appear to have two types of ornamentation. These consist of: i) a reticulated pattern of ridges separated by interconnected grooves with pores (Fig. 10 D, E); and ii) isolated tubercles (Fig. 10 D, F). The presence of tubercles is consistent with the overlapped anterior field of the scale, while the reticulated pattern is consistent with the exposed posterior field of the scale (see Cavin et al. 2007; contra Marshall 1988 and Mondéjar-Fernández & Clément 2012) (Fig. 10 D).	en	Panzeri, Karen M., Cavalli, Soledad Gouiric, Cione, Alberto L., Filippi, Leonardo S. (2022): Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815-835, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37
