identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D595BEB991E15B2EA03F48844D6B95B7.text	D595BEB991E15B2EA03F48844D6B95B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calotes maehongsonensis Prakobkarn & Zug & Tandavanitj & Ngamprasertwong 2026	<div><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 7, 9, 10, Tables 4–6</p><p>Calotes versicolor Smith, 1935: 189 (partim); Taylor 1963: 891 (partim); Chan-ard et al. 2015: 97 (partim); Prakobkarn et al. 2016: 482 (partim); Gowande et al. 2021: 680 (partim); Tantrawatpan et al. 2021: 53 (partim).</p><p>Calotes versicolor versicolor Auffenberg &amp; Rehman, 1993: 24 (partim); 1995: 1 (partim).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • Adult male (CUMZ-R -2825) (Fig. 9) from Khun Yuam District, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand (18.801636°N, 97.898188°E, 499 m a. s. l.), collected by AP on 09 May 2009 . Paratypes. • Five adult males (CUMZ-R -2820, CUMZ-R -2823, CUMZ-R -2827 –2828, and CUMZ-R -2832 and five adult females (CUMZ-R -2833, 2835–2837, and 2839) (Fig. 7, Tables 4–6) were collected on 9 May 2009, which is the same collection date as the holotype . All samples were also collected at the same locality as the holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. shares the obliquely posterior or vertical scale-row orientation on the neck and adjacent supra-axillary area with C. irawadi and C. thailandensis sp. nov .. It differs from other congeneric species by the combination of the following characters: 1) having smaller head size (HeadH, JawW, SnN, and SnForeL); 2) more Midbody (mean 44.5, range 43–46) and Dorsal (mean 48.8, range 47–51); 3) moderate middorsal crest spine length (mean 1.44 × tympanum diameter, range 1.20–1.62 × tympanum diameter); 4) short supratympanic spine (&lt;0.5 × tympanum diameter) (Table 6); 5) longer hindlimb adpressed forward (HAF) crossing eye.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from true C. irawadi by adult males having a smaller head size (smaller HeadH, JawW, SnW and SnForel) (Fig. 4); a wider PelvW (mean 11.38 mm, 10.46–12.95 mm vs mean 8.59 mm, 6.90–10.90 mm); a longer middorsal crest spine (&gt; 1 vs ~ 1 × tympanum diameter); HAF crossing eye vs HAF reaching tympanum in C. irawadi . It also differs from C. irawadi by the usual presence of dark patch in jaw muscle and presence of colored patch on throat.</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. differs from C. thailandensis sp. nov. by adult males having a smaller head size (smaller headH, JawW, SnW and SnForel) (Suppl. material 5: fig. S 1); a smaller PelvW (mean 11.38 mm, 10.46–12.95 mm vs mean 13.16 mm, 11.62–15.07 mm) (Table 4); more Midbody (mean 44.5, 43–46 vs mean 42.5, 37–46) and more Dorsal (mean 48.8, 47–51 vs mean 46, 40–49) (Table 5, Suppl. material 5: fig. S 2); a shorter supratympanic spine ((&lt;0.5 vs&gt; 0.5 × tympanum diameter) and the posterior supratympanic spine slightly equal to anterior supratympanic spine (Table 6); hindlimb adpressed forward (HAF) crossing eye (HAF reaching between tympanum and eye in C. thailandensis sp. nov.). In osteological characters, C. maehongsonensis sp. nov. is distinguished from C. thailandensis sp. nov. by having 1) Blunt premaxillary bone; 2) Less concave on posterior portion of the supraoccipital bone; 3) Absence of lateral and posteromedian processes on interclavicle bone (Fig. 5). In coloration, C. maehongsonensis sp. nov. lacks a dark collar-like stripe on ventral neck of males, but dark collar-like stripe occurs ventrally on neck of male C. thailandensis sp. nov. (Fig. 7).</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. wangi by adult males having a smaller body size (SVL, 76.16–83.38 mm vs 88.34–96.4 mm), a smaller head size (EyeEar, InterOrb, HeadH, JawW, SnW, HeadL, SnForeL), and shorter finger and toe (4 FingLng: mean 9.48 mm, 8.80–10.46 mm vs 13.41–14.10 mm; 4 ToeLng: mean 14.34 mm, 13.33–15.89 mm vs 19.04–21.57 mm) (Table 4); a greater HeadH / SVL (mean 0.16, 0.14–0.19 vs mean 0.15, 0.11–0.18) (Suppl. material 3); HAF crossing the eye vs HAF reaching between tympanum and eye in C. wangi .</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. differs from C. versicolor (Zug et al. 2006) by adult males having a smaller body size (mean 78 mm vs mean 119 mm); more Midbody (mean 44.5, 43–46 vs mean 42.8); more Dorsal (mean 48.8, 47–51 vs mean 40.8); a shorter middorsal crest spine (1.2–1.8 vs 2.5–3.0 × tympanum diameter) (Table 6).</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. differs from C. calotes (Pal et al. 2018) by adult males having more Midbody (43–46 vs 30–35); a shorter supratympanic spine and a shorter middorsal crest spine.</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. can be separated from C. goetzi by the absence of both prominent dark brown dorsolateral blotches and a path of small dark granular scales in front of forelimb insertion in adult males.</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. differs from C. emma by adult males lacking large postorbital spine and patch of small dark granular scales in front of forelimb insertion.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>(Fig. 9): An adult male of 76.16 mm SVL, 23.72 mm SnForeL, 34.54 mm TrunkL, 10.72 mm TailH, 9.37 mm TailW, 210 mm TailL, 13.38 mm PectW, 13.47 mm UpArmL, 12.03 mm LoArmL, 13.15 mm ForefL, 8.80 mm 4 FingLng, 19.20 mm UpLegL, 16.72 mm CrusL, 21.02 mm HindfL, and 13.08 mm 4 ToeLng. Head pentagonal (dorsal outline) covered largely with small, mostly smooth scales slightly overlapping; 23.00 mm HeadL, 18.68 mm HeadW, 12.24 mm JawW, 11.66 mm HeadH, 7.55 mm SnEye, 4.34 mm NarEye, 4.80 mm EyeEar, 4.12 mm SnW, and 7.42 mm InterOrb.</p><p>Head distinct from neck; triangle head with blunt snout-tip; sides of head flat, sharp canthus rostralis and supraciliary edge to lips with slightly rotund eye; slightly protruding eye; generally flat chin and throat. Dorsally head scales are smooth and vary in size and scales of some individuals are equal to trunk scales. Rostral scale size is equal to supralabials in height; 5 SnS; 7 / 8 (left / right) elongate and sharply folded CanthR, enlarged scales on supraocular area, 14 HeadSLn and 13 HeadSTr; irregularly shaped interparietal scales. Laterally head with single large nasal scale; small scales at loreal and preocular area with two parallel longitudinal rows above supralabials; 11 / 11 SL; double row of eyelid scales with outer row pyramidal-like scales, inner row smooth and flat 13 / 14 Eyelid; modest to small and smooth postocular and temporal scales; large and naked tympanum; pair of tympanic spines in supratympanic area are separated by seven scale rows; posterior supratympanic spine is a single narrow, spine-like scale (length slightly &lt;0.5 × tympanum maximum diameter) projecting upward; 10 / 10 IL along mouth margin; first supralabials are barely larger than other supralabials.</p><p>Keeled trunk scales dorsally and laterally; elongated middorsal crest scale (3 × length of adjacent parasagittal scales) separated from interparietal by four rows; 51 Dorsal, 44 Midbody.</p><p>Modest to large and keeled scales on limbs; strongly bicarinate lamellae ventrally of fingers (19 / 19 4 FingLng) and toes (23 / 23 4 ToeLng); long and thin claws and sharply pointed on all digits.</p><p>Coloration of holotype.</p><p>In preservation (Fig. 9). Dorsally the head is brown and ventrally whitish. There are six pale brown stripes around the eyes. No transverse stripe occurs on the anterior dorsal head, but diagonal stripes appear on ventral posterior head. There is pale dark patch on jowl muscles, but absence of dark patch on ventral neck; trunk transverse bands and middorsal stripe on above body are also absence. Distinct stripes occur on the ventral sides of the body, but absence of forearm stripe and pairs of nuchal spots.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Variation in morphometry and meristic characters, spine characters, and stripe pattern of paratype specimens are shown in Fig. 7 and Tables 4–6. Those characters are congruent with the holotype, excluded in coloration pattern. Coloration of paratypes in preservation, in adult male paratypes, transverse bands are rarely found, although broad transverse bands are usually present and straight in males and straight or zig-zag in females. Coloration in life (Fig. 10). Pale brown transverse bands on dorsal surface of body are usually absent in male and usually present in female.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Calotes maehongsonensis sp. nov. has the restricted occurrence in western and northern Thailand (Kanchanaburi and Mae Hong Son Provinces) along Thailand-Myanmar border and southeastern Myanmar including Mon, Bago, and Yangon (Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat and natural history notes.</p><p>Its name is represented by type locality from Mae Hong Son Province, Northern Thailand (at approx. more than 500 m elevation). This species inhabits forest edges, primarily occurring on high hills but also adapting to anthropogenic habitats including disturbed secondary forests, agricultural areas, and rural settlements (Fig. 10). Specimens were typically observed on tree trunks and branches 1–4 meters above ground, often basking in sunlight during morning hours. The species appears to be insectivorous, with observed prey including ants and small millipede.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet maehongsonensis is referred from its type locality in Mae Hong Son Province (Fig. 10), and they were also found in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand and Southern Myanmar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D595BEB991E15B2EA03F48844D6B95B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prakobkarn, Arpapan;Zug, George R.;Tandavanitj, Nontivich;Ngamprasertwong, Thongchai	Prakobkarn, Arpapan, Zug, George R., Tandavanitj, Nontivich, Ngamprasertwong, Thongchai (2026): Systematics of the Calotes irawadi complex (Squamata, Agamidae) with two newly described species from Thailand. ZooKeys 1281: 69-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1281.175455
AE0E76922E9D55798DE17EBE3EA9E729.text	AE0E76922E9D55798DE17EBE3EA9E729.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calotes thailandensis Prakobkarn & Zug & Tandavanitj & Ngamprasertwong 2026	<div><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7, 8, Tables 4–6</p><p>Calotes versicolor Smith, 1935: 189 (partim); Taylor 1963: 891 (partim); Grismer 2011: 151; Chan-ard et al. 2015: 97 (partim); Prakobkarn et al. 2016: 482 (partim); Gowande et al. 2021: 680 (partim); Tantrawatpan et al. 2021: 53 (partim).</p><p>Calotes versicolor versicolor Auffenberg &amp; Rehmann, 1993: 24 (partim); 1995: 1 (partim).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • CUMZ-R -2738, adult male (Fig. 6) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.40277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.864937" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.40277/lat 6.864937)">Khlong Hoi Kong District</a>, Songkhla Province, Thailand (6.864937°N, 100.402773°E, 24 m a. s. l.), was collected by AP on 27 March 2009 . Paratypes. • CUMZ-R -2624, adult male, was collected on 30 June 2008; • CUMZ-R -2871 –2872 (Fig. 7), CUMZ-R -2875, three adult males, were collected on 27 March 2009; • CUMZ-R -2769, adult male, was collected on 30 March 2009; • CUMZ-R -2767 –2768 (Fig. 7), two adult females, were collected on 29 June 2008; • CUMZ-R -2846 –2848, three adult females, were collected on 15 June 2009 . All specimens were collected from the same locality as the holotype by AP.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. shares the obliquely posterior or vertical scale-row orientation on the neck and adjacent supra-axillary area with Calotes irawadi group. It can be separated from other congeneric species by having combination of the following characters (Tables 4, 5): 1) moderate body size (mean SVL 87.1 mm in male); 2) wide PelvW (mean 13.16 mm and range 11.62–15.07 mm) in male; 3) fewer number of Midbody (mean 42.5) and Dorsal (mean 46.0); 4) Distinct large middorsal crest spine at neck in males (~ 1.33 × tympanum diameter, range 1.03–1.68 × tympanum diameter) (Table 6); 5). Moderated size of supratympanic spine (~ 0.6 × tympanum diameter, range 0.59–0.82 × tympanum diameter) and the anterior supratympanic spine is larger than posterior supratympanic spine (Table 6, Fig. 6 A); 6) hindlimb adpressed forward (HAF) reaching between tympanum and eye; 7) usual presence of dark patches on jaw muscles, presence of striping on throat, presence of continuous striping on trunk, and presence of dark stripe (like a collar) on ventral neck of male (Fig. 6 B), and rarely appearance of dark stripe at ventral trunk.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from true C. irawadi by adult males having a wider PelvW (mean 13.16 mm, 11.62–15.07 mm vs mean 8.59 mm, 6.90–10.90 mm); fewer Midbody (mean 42.5, 37–46 vs mean 45.4, 42–50) and Dorsal (mean 46, 40–49 vs mean 48.3, 41–53); a longer supratympanic spine (&gt; 1 / 2 vs &lt;1 / 3 × tympanum diameter); a longer middorsal crest spine (&gt; 1 vs ~ 1 × tympanum diameter); hindlimb adpressed forward (HAF) reaching between tympanum and eye vs HAF reaching tympanum in C. irawadi .</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. can be separated from C. maehongsonensis sp. nov. by adult males having a wider PelvW (mean 13.16 mm, 11.62–15.07 mm vs mean 11.38 mm, 10.46–12.95 mm); greater HeadH (mean 14.18, 11.70–16.40 mm vs mean 11.70, 11.10–12.90 mm); fewer Midbody (mean 42.5, 37–46 vs mean 44.5, 43–46) and fewer Dorsal (mean 46.6, 45–49 vs mean 48.8, 47–51); longer supratympanic spine (&gt; 0.5 vs &lt;0.5 × tympanum diameter); shorter HAF (HAF crossing eye in C. maehongsonensis sp. nov.). In osteological characters, Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. is distinguished from C. maehongsonensis sp. nov. by having 1) narrower premaxillary bone; 2) more concave on posterior portion of the supraoccipital bone; 3) presence of lateral and posteromedian processes on interclavicle bone (Fig. 5).</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. wangi by adult males having a smaller head size (HeadL, 19.50–23.52 mm vs 24.29–24.47 mm) and a shorter finger and toe (4 FingLng, mean 10.42 mm, 9.00– 11.36 mm vs 13.41–14.10 mm and 4 ToeLng, mean 16.17 mm, 14.24–18.00 mm vs 19.04–21.57 mm); a greater HeadH / SVL (mean 0.16, 0.14–0.19 vs mean 0.15, 0.11–0.18) (Suppl. material 3); a longer supratympanic spine (&gt; 0.5 vs &lt;0.5 × tympanum diameter).</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. can be separated from C. versicolor (Zug et al. 2006) by adult males having a smaller body size (mean 87 mm vs mean 119 mm); more Dorsal (mean 46, 40–49 vs mean 40.8) (Table 5); a shorter middorsal crest spine (0.9–1.9 vs 2.5–3.0 × tympanum diameter) (Table 6).</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. differs from C. calotes (Pal et al. 2018) by adult males having more Midbody (37–44 vs 30–35); a smaller supratympanic spine and a smaller middorsal crest spine.</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. and C. goetzi share the absence of a large postorbital spine in adult males; however, C. thailandensis sp. nov. can be separated from C. goetzi by the absence of both prominent dark brown dorsolateral blotches on the dorsolateral region and a patch of small dark granular scales I front of forelimb insertion in adult males.</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. differs from C. emma by the absence of both a large postorbital spine and a patch of small dark granular scales in front of forelimb insertion in adult males.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>(Fig. 6): An adult male of 87.24 mm SVL, 30.38 mm SnForeL, 42.93 mm TrunkL, 13.35 mm TailH, 11.61 mm TailW, 253 mm TailL, 14.74 mm PectW, 17.26 mm UpArmL, 15.66 mm LoArmL, 14.92 mm ForefL, 10.16 mm 4 FingLng, 21.86 mm UpLegL, 19.18 mm CrusL, 25.92 mm HindfL, and 16.40 mm 4 ToeLng. Stunted head size: 21.26 mm HeadL, 20.18 mm HeadW, 14.21 mm JawW, 15.25 mm HeadH, 8.70 mm SnEye, 4.48 mm NarEye, 6.25 mm EyeEar, 5.27 mm SnW, and 8.60 mm InterOrb.</p><p>Head distinct from neck and triangular shape; blunt snout-tip; slightly bowed outward by jaw muscles at posterior edge of head; sides of head flat; slightly protruding eyes; flat chin and throat. Dorsally head scales vary in size and have a smooth surface; rostral equivalent to supralabials in height above lip with 7 SnS; 8 / 8 (left / right) elongate and sharply folded CanthR, enlarged scales in supraocular area, 13 HeadSLn and 15 HeadSTr, posteriorly slightly enlarged with bell-shaped interparietal scale. Laterally head with single large nasal scale on each side abutting rostral and perforated by large naris; small scales in loreal and preocular area; 11 / 10 Suplab; eye covered with small granular-sized scales, 11 / 11 Eyelid; postocular and temporal scales modest to small, smooth laterally and dorsolaterally; tympanum large (subequal eye-opening diameter) and naked; pair of spines or clusters in supratympanum area, anterior one dorsolaterally directly above anterior half of tympanum separated by 6 scale rows as well as posterior spine of tympanum separated by seven scale rows, a single narrow, spine-like scale (length slightly larger than 0.5 × tympanum maximum diameter) projecting upward; 10 / 10 IL along mouth margin; medially the chin throat scales triangular and smooth to lightly keeled; single median triangular mental scale between left and right 1 st supralabials and barely larger than them.</p><p>Moderately dorsally and laterally keeled trunk scalation; elongate and straight middorsal crest scales, origin separated from interparietal by 3 rows, moderate length at neck (2 × length of adjacent parasagittal scales); 46 Dorsal, 43 Midbody; keeled trunk scales, weakly scales on ventrolateral half of neck and trunk, keel and scale orientation diagonally upward from neck and supra-axillary area to base of tail, nearly vertical on anterodorsally surface of neck; modest sized and smooth preaxillary scales; large and uniform sized ventral scales from throat to vent.</p><p>Weak to modest keeled scales on limbs; bicarinate lamellae ventrally on fingers (20 / 21 4 FingLng) and toes (22 / 23 4 ToeLng) with 3–4 modestly keeled scales dorsally and strongly; claws long, thin, and sharply pointed on all digits.</p><p>Coloration of holotype.</p><p>In preservation (Fig. 6): Dorsally the head is dark yellow and ventrally whitish. There are eight brown stripes around the eyes. One stripe arises behind the eye extending unbroken to tympanum. No transvers stripe occurs on the anterior dorsal head, but diagonal stripes appear posteroventrally on head. Pale dark patch occurs on jowl muscles and continuously extended to ventral neck, looking like dark stripe. The pale brown narrow trunk bands with four bars are found, but not clearly delimited, transverse bands on above body, although there is no middorsal stripe. Discrete stripes occur on the ventral sides of the body, but forearm stripe and paired nuchal spots are absent.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Variation in mensural, meristic and spine characters of the paratypes of Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. are presented in Tables 4–6. Those characters are congruent with the holotype, excluded in coloration pattern (Figs 6, 8). Coloration of paratypes in preservation. In adult male paratypes, transverse bands vary from pale brown narrow to dark brown board bands, with straight lines lying on left and right sides, whereas transverse bands dorsally on females are usual present in both straight and zig-zags. Coloration in life (Fig. 7). Pale brown transverse bands are usually present on dorsal body of most samples in both sexes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Calotes thailandensis sp. nov. has the broad distribution on southern, central, eastern, western, and northeastern Thailand (Fig. 1). It is represented by vouchers from southern Thailand collected at Songkhla, Krabi and Ranong Province as well as vouchers from central Thailand collected at Saraburi Province. The distribution range of this species likely extends beyond the Thailand-Malaysia border into Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore which was previously reported as C. versicolor by Grismer (2011).</p><p>Habitat and natural history notes.</p><p>This species inhabits agricultural areas (such as rubber plantation) (Fig. 8 A) and man-made habitat (Fig. 8 B, C). Male samples were usually found on tree trunk, or fence row, whereas female samples were often hidden within the bushes or the small trees during the day. Gravid females were collected during March-May suggesting the breeding season coincides with the early rainy season,</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet thailandensis is selected because of this species wide occurrence throughout most of Thailand, except northern and northwestern Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE0E76922E9D55798DE17EBE3EA9E729	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Prakobkarn, Arpapan;Zug, George R.;Tandavanitj, Nontivich;Ngamprasertwong, Thongchai	Prakobkarn, Arpapan, Zug, George R., Tandavanitj, Nontivich, Ngamprasertwong, Thongchai (2026): Systematics of the Calotes irawadi complex (Squamata, Agamidae) with two newly described species from Thailand. ZooKeys 1281: 69-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1281.175455
