taxonID	type	description	language	source
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — MEXICO. Veracruz: Huatusco, cerro de Ixpila, lado más oeste de la cordillera, 19 ° 7 ’ 7.59 ” N, 96 ° 59 ’ 13.77 ” W, 1600 m, 15 Noviembre 2020 (fl), E. Marinero S., D. Canales, A. Seedorf & M. Cházaro 430 (holotype IBUG!, isotypes MEXU!, XAL!).	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	diagnosis	Olmeca chazaroi differs from O. clarkiae by having 3 – 4 branches per node (vs. 1 - branch), longer oral setae on culm leaves (20 – 45 mm vs. 8 – 15 mm long), foliage leaf sheaths glabrous (vs. prominently papillose-hirsute), narrower foliage leaf blades (3.5 – 6 mm vs. 9 – 15 mm wide), spikelets with 3 – 4 florets (vs. 2 - flowered), and lemmas pubescent (vs. glabrous).	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	description	Rhizomes pachymorph 10 – 15 cm long and sympodial. Culms 3 – 8 m tall, 5 – 15 mm in basal diameter, erect to scandent culms; internodes 31 – 42 cm long, terete, asperous and retrorsely bearded, green, hollow, the walls 1 – 3 mm thick, the lacuna occupying> 50 % of the total diameter. Culm leaves 15.5 – 23 cm long, not-overlapping, persistent; sheaths 7.2 – 14 cm long, the sheaths are 1.3 – 1.9 times longer than the blades, persistent, triangular, abaxially hispid along the entire sheath, the hairs dark brown 1.2 – 1.4 mm long, auricles absent, the margins ciliate at the upper third; inner ligule ca. 0.1 mm; oral setae 20 – 45 mm long, 0.1 – 0.2 mm wide, yellowish, flattened, scabrous; fimbriae 3 – 12 mm long, ca. 0.1 mm wide, terete, whitish, deciduous, straight or curly, glabrous; blades 7 – 9.8 cm long, narrowly triangular, erect or reflexed, adaxially and abaxially glabrous, the margins glabrous. Branching intravaginal; 3 – 4 branches per node, diverging from each other, the main branch 276 – 310 cm long, 5 – 7 mm wide diverging from the main culm at 45 – 75 o, secondary branches 2 – 3 mm wide; supranodal ridge pronounced; nodal line horizontal. Foliage leaves (9 –) 10 – 12 (– 15) per complement; sheaths glabrous, auricles absent; margins glabrous; outer ligule an irregular glabrous rim 0.1 – 0.2 mm long; inner ligule 0.2 – 0.5 mm long, truncate; oral setae 5 – 15 mm long, 0.1 – 0.2 mm wide, yellowish, flattened, glabrous, fused with the inner ligule; fimbriae on shoulder at one side of the blade at the sheath apex, ca. 5 mm long, terete, glabrous, straight, free; pseudopetioles hardly differentiated; blades (13 –) 18.5 – 25 cm long, 3.5 – 6 mm wide, linear, adaxially and abaxially glabrous, green on both sides, the base attenuate, folding, the apex acute, midrib excentric, visible for the full length; the margins entire with short teeth. Synflorescences paniculate, 5 – 7 cm long, terminal on leafless branches, with 8 – 15 spikelets, the rachis angular, scabrous; pedicels 2 - 5 mm long, angular, scabrous. Spikelets 17 – 21 mm long, with 3 – 4 florets, sometimes the uppermost floret sterile; rachilla joints 3.2 – 4 mm long, scabrous. Glumes 2, unequal, narrowly triangular and navicular, shortly awned, abaxially scabrous; glume I 3 – 3.8 mm long including the awn, 3 - nerved, the awn 0.4 – 1 mm long; glume II 4.2 – 5 mm long including the awn, 7 - nerved, the awn 1 – 1.5 mm long; lemmas 9 – 11 mm long including the awn, narrowly triangular and navicular, abaxially pubescent, 9 - nerved, the awn 3 – 4 mm long, antrorsely scabrous; paleas 6 – 6.8 mm long, the keels scabrous, the sulcus pubescent, the wing glabrous to scabrous at the apex, the apex entire and pubescent. Lodicules 3, abaxially glabrous, hyaline, ciliate, the anterior pair 1.2 – 1.4 mm long, the posterior one 1.2 mm long, cilia hyaline, 0.05 – 0.09 mm long; anthers not seen; ovary not seen. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet commemorates Miguel Cházaro Basáñez (August 15, 1949 - April 4, 2023), our esteemed colleague and the collector of this species, in recognition of his contributions to Mexican botany.	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Flowers of this species were collected in 2020 and 2024, with only a single individual flowering each year. This suggests a sporadic flowering pattern (Franklin 2024).	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — This narrowly endemic species is restricted to Cerro de Ixpila (Huatusco, Veracruz), where it occurs in a single montane cloud forest population at 1600 m elevation (Rzedowski 1978) (Fig. 3).	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	discussion	Notes: ― The 2024 collection yielded one post-flowering individual with a single spikelet on a secondary branchlet. Its glumes, lemmas, and paleas measured twice the size of those in the 2020 specimen. We excluded the 2024 measurements due to this apparent anomaly. A formal IUCN analysis of conservation status could not be performed due to the lack of sufficient data points. Its provisional status would be Critically Endangered.	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
AF25B919A65E2260FF690899FC83FDEB.taxon	materials_examined	Paratypes: ― MEXICO. Veracruz: Huatusco, cerro de Ixpila, lado más oeste de la cordillera, 19 ° 7 ’ 7.59 ” N, 96 ° 59 ’ 13.77 ” W, 1600 m, 9 Agosto 2024, E. Ruiz et al. 866 (IBUG).	en	Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, Marinero-Sobal, Esteban José (2025): A new Olmeca (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) species endemic to Veracruz, Mexico. Phytotaxa 725 (3): 223-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.3.1
