taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164748/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164748	FIGURE 2. The vetulus-morphotype, central portions of recent ephippia. A, Kostroma Area, sample ID AАК M-1237. B, Yaroslavl Area, sample ID AAK 2007-163. C, Moscow City, sample ID AAK 2007-158. D, Moscow Area, sample ID AAK 2007-058. E, Volgograd Area, sample ID AАК М-5436. F, Lipetsk Area, sample ID AАК М-6028. G, Rostov Area, sample ID AАК М-6076. H, Arak County, sample ID AАК M-5741. I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-2294. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 2. The vetulus-morphotype, central portions of recent ephippia. A, Kostroma Area, sample ID AАК M-1237. B, Yaroslavl Area, sample ID AAK 2007-163. C, Moscow City, sample ID AAK 2007-158. D, Moscow Area, sample ID AAK 2007-058. E, Volgograd Area, sample ID AАК М-5436. F, Lipetsk Area, sample ID AАК М-6028. G, Rostov Area, sample ID AАК М-6076. H, Arak County, sample ID AАК M-5741. I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-2294. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164750/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164750	FIGURE 3. The vetulus-morphotype (A–E) and vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype (F–I), central portions of the recent ephippia. A, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5134. B, Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. C, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108. D, Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AАК M-1755. E, Kamchatka Krai, sample ID AАК M-1370. F, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. G, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. H, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 3. The vetulus-morphotype (A–E) and vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype (F–I), central portions of the recent ephippia. A, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5134. B, Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. C, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108. D, Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AАК M-1755. E, Kamchatka Krai, sample ID AАК M-1370. F, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. G, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. H, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164754/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164754	FIGURE 5. Simocephalus vetulus species complex, ephippial females.A, Ephippial female from Rostov Area, sample ID AАК М-6076. B, Ephippial female from Lipetsk Area, sample ID AАК М-6028. C, Ephippial female from Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. D–E, Ephippial female from Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108, and its head. F–G, Ephippial female from Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AАК M-1755, and its head. Scale bars 0.5 mm for B–D, F; 0.2 mm for A, E; 0.1 mm for G.	FIGURE 5. Simocephalus vetulus species complex, ephippial females.A, Ephippial female from Rostov Area, sample ID AАК М-6076. B, Ephippial female from Lipetsk Area, sample ID AАК М-6028. C, Ephippial female from Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. D–E, Ephippial female from Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108, and its head. F–G, Ephippial female from Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AАК M-1755, and its head. Scale bars 0.5 mm for B–D, F; 0.2 mm for A, E; 0.1 mm for G.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164756/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164756	FIGURE 6. Simocephalus vetulus species complex, ephippial females. A–B, Ephippial female from Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК М-1954, and its head. C, Ephippial female from Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК М-2294. Scale bars 0.5 mm for C, 0.2 mm for A, 0.1 mm for B.	FIGURE 6. Simocephalus vetulus species complex, ephippial females. A–B, Ephippial female from Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК М-1954, and its head. C, Ephippial female from Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК М-2294. Scale bars 0.5 mm for C, 0.2 mm for A, 0.1 mm for B.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164758/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164758	FIGURE 7. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Republic of Karelia, sample ID AАК M-4205. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	FIGURE 7. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Republic of Karelia, sample ID AАК M-4205. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164760/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164760	FIGURE 8. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–E, Kostroma Area, sample ID AАК M-1237. F–I, Yaroslavl Area, sample ID AAK 2007-163. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 8. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–E, Kostroma Area, sample ID AАК M-1237. F–I, Yaroslavl Area, sample ID AAK 2007-163. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164762/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164762	FIGURE 9. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–D, Moscow City, sample ID AAK 2007-158. E–H, Moscow Area, sample ID AAK 2007-058. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–H.	FIGURE 9. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–D, Moscow City, sample ID AAK 2007-158. E–H, Moscow Area, sample ID AAK 2007-058. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–H.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164764/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164764	FIGURE 10. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A, Volgograd Area, sample ID AАК М-5436. B–D, Lipetsk Area, sample ID AАК М-6028. E–H, Rostov Area, sample ID AАК М-6076. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–H.	FIGURE 10. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A, Volgograd Area, sample ID AАК М-5436. B–D, Lipetsk Area, sample ID AАК М-6028. E–H, Rostov Area, sample ID AАК М-6076. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–H.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164766/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164766	FIGURE 11. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Arak County, sample ID AАК M-5741. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	FIGURE 11. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Arak County, sample ID AАК M-5741. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164769/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164769	FIGURE 12. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–E, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-1954. F–I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-2294. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 12. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–E, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-1954. F–I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-2294. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164772/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164772	FIGURE 13. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-2294. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	FIGURE 13. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК M-2294. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164775/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164775	FIGURE 14. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100. B–C, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5134. D–G, Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. H–I, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 14. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100. B–C, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5134. D–G, Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. H–I, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164777/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164777	FIGURE 15. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia.A–D, Uverkhangay Region, sample IDAАК M-1755.E–I, Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AAK M-0756. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 15. The vetulus-morphotype, recent ephippia.A–D, Uverkhangay Region, sample IDAАК M-1755.E–I, Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AAK M-0756. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164781/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164781	FIGURE 16. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Kamchatka Krai, sample ID AАК M-1370. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	FIGURE 16. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), recent ephippia from Kamchatka Krai, sample ID AАК M-1370. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75EFFD30DFF89B7B3AAFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164744	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75AFFD30DFF89FCB14EF84E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164750/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164750	FIGURE 3. The vetulus-morphotype (A–E) and vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype (F–I), central portions of the recent ephippia. A, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5134. B, Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. C, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108. D, Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AАК M-1755. E, Kamchatka Krai, sample ID AАК M-1370. F, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. G, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. H, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 3. The vetulus-morphotype (A–E) and vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype (F–I), central portions of the recent ephippia. A, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5134. B, Altai Republic, sample ID AAК М-3429. C, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК M-5108. D, Uverkhangay Region, sample ID AАК M-1755. E, Kamchatka Krai, sample ID AАК M-1370. F, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. G, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. H, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75AFFD30DFF89FCB14EF84E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164783/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164783	FIGURE 17. Simocephalus mixtus species complex (A–B), ephippial females from Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М- 4972. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	FIGURE 17. Simocephalus mixtus species complex (A–B), ephippial females from Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М- 4972. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75AFFD30DFF89FCB14EF84E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164785/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164785	FIGURE 18. The vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–D, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. E–F, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. G–I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 18. The vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–D, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. E–F, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. G–I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F75AFFD30DFF89FCB14EF84E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164744	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164752/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164752	FIGURE 4. The serrulatus-morphotype, central portions of the recent ephippia. A, Ontario Province, sample ID AАК M-1192. B, Nizhny Novgorod Area, sample ID PNT 01. C, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100. D–F, Central Bohemian Region, sample ID AАК M-1190. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–F.	FIGURE 4. The serrulatus-morphotype, central portions of the recent ephippia. A, Ontario Province, sample ID AАК M-1192. B, Nizhny Novgorod Area, sample ID PNT 01. C, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100. D–F, Central Bohemian Region, sample ID AАК M-1190. Scale bars 0.01 mm for A–F.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164787/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164787	FIGURE 19. Simocephalus serrulatus species complex, ephippial and parthenogenetic females. A–C, Ephippial female from Ontario Province, sample ID AАК M-1192, and its head. D–E, Ephippial female from Nizhny Novgorod Area, sample ID PNT 01, and its head. F–G, Parthenogeneitc female from Nizhny NovgorodArea, sample ID PNT 01, and its head. Scale bars 0.5 mm for F, 0.2 mm for A, D, G, 0.1 mm for B, E, 0.02 mm for C.	FIGURE 19. Simocephalus serrulatus species complex, ephippial and parthenogenetic females. A–C, Ephippial female from Ontario Province, sample ID AАК M-1192, and its head. D–E, Ephippial female from Nizhny Novgorod Area, sample ID PNT 01, and its head. F–G, Parthenogeneitc female from Nizhny NovgorodArea, sample ID PNT 01, and its head. Scale bars 0.5 mm for F, 0.2 mm for A, D, G, 0.1 mm for B, E, 0.02 mm for C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164790/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164790	FIGURE 20. Simocephalus serrulatus species complex (A–C), ephippial female from Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100, and its head. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A, 0.1 mm for B, 0.01 mm for C.	FIGURE 20. Simocephalus serrulatus species complex (A–C), ephippial female from Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100, and its head. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A, 0.1 mm for B, 0.01 mm for C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164794/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164794	FIGURE 21. The serrulatus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–G, Ontario Province, sample ID AАК M-1192. H, Nizhny Novgorod Area, sample ID PNT 01. I–J, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–J.	FIGURE 21. The serrulatus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–G, Ontario Province, sample ID AАК M-1192. H, Nizhny Novgorod Area, sample ID PNT 01. I–J, Republic of Khakassia, sample ID AАК M-5100. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–J.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164798/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164798	FIGURE 22. The serrulatus-morphotype (A–D), recent ephippia from Central Bohemian Region, sample ID AАК M-1190. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–D.	FIGURE 22. The serrulatus-morphotype (A–D), recent ephippia from Central Bohemian Region, sample ID AАК M-1190. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–D.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164783/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164783	FIGURE 17. Simocephalus mixtus species complex (A–B), ephippial females from Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М- 4972. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	FIGURE 17. Simocephalus mixtus species complex (A–B), ephippial females from Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М- 4972. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164785/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164785	FIGURE 18. The vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–D, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. E–F, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. G–I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	FIGURE 18. The vetuloides-mixtus-morphotype, recent ephippia. A–D, Zabaykalsky Krai, sample ID AАК М-4972. E–F, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AАК М-5208. G–I, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AАК 2011-056. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–I.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F758FFD10DFF885BB32BF885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164744	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164800/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164800	FIGURE 23. The vetulus- (A–D) and serrulatus (E–I) morphotypes, central portions of the fossil ephippia. A, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. B, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2019-005. C, Tom Creek, Yukon, sample ID AAK 2017-021. D, River Titaluk, Alaska, sample ID О3-B-12. E, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022- 041. F, Perm Krai, sample ID AAK 2022-043. G, Bely Ya, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AAK 2017-027. H, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-057i. I, Old Crow, Yukon, sample ID AAK M-0899. Scale bars 0.2 mm for G, 0.05 mm for C–D, I, 0.01 mm for A–B, E–F, H.	FIGURE 23. The vetulus- (A–D) and serrulatus (E–I) morphotypes, central portions of the fossil ephippia. A, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. B, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2019-005. C, Tom Creek, Yukon, sample ID AAK 2017-021. D, River Titaluk, Alaska, sample ID О3-B-12. E, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022- 041. F, Perm Krai, sample ID AAK 2022-043. G, Bely Ya, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AAK 2017-027. H, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-057i. I, Old Crow, Yukon, sample ID AAK M-0899. Scale bars 0.2 mm for G, 0.05 mm for C–D, I, 0.01 mm for A–B, E–F, H.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164802/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164802	FIGURE 24. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), fossil ephippia from Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	FIGURE 24. The vetulus-morphotype (A–C), fossil ephippia from Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164805/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164805	FIGURE 25. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–B, Sample ID AAK 2018-057g. C, Sample ID AAK 2018-057i. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	FIGURE 25. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–B, Sample ID AAK 2018-057g. C, Sample ID AAK 2018-057i. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164807/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164807	FIGURE 26. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–B, Sample ID AAK 2018-057i. C, Sample ID AAK 2019-003. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	FIGURE 26. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–B, Sample ID AAK 2018-057i. C, Sample ID AAK 2019-003. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–C.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164809/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164809	FIGURE 27. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–C, Sample ID AAK 2019-003. D, Sample ID AAK 2019-005. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–D.	FIGURE 27. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–C, Sample ID AAK 2019-003. D, Sample ID AAK 2019-005. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–D.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164811/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164811	FIGURE 28. The vetulus-morphotype (A–D), fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–D, Sample ID AAK 2019-005. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–D.	FIGURE 28. The vetulus-morphotype (A–D), fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–D, Sample ID AAK 2019-005. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–D.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164813/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164813	FIGURE 29. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A, Sample ID AAK 2019-005. B–F, Sample ID AAK 2019-016. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–F.	FIGURE 29. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A, Sample ID AAK 2019-005. B–F, Sample ID AAK 2019-016. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–F.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164817/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164817	FIGURE 30. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–B, Sample ID AAK 2019-016. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	FIGURE 30. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia from Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia. A–B, Sample ID AAK 2019-016. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164821/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164821	FIGURE 31. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia. A, Tom Creek, Yukon, sample ID AAK 2017-021. B, River Titaluk, Alaska, sample ID О3-B-12. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	FIGURE 31. The vetulus-morphotype, fossil ephippia. A, Tom Creek, Yukon, sample ID AAK 2017-021. B, River Titaluk, Alaska, sample ID О3-B-12. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F742FFC90DFF8AF1B675FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164744	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F740FFC90DFF898CB194F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164800/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164800	FIGURE 23. The vetulus- (A–D) and serrulatus (E–I) morphotypes, central portions of the fossil ephippia. A, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. B, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2019-005. C, Tom Creek, Yukon, sample ID AAK 2017-021. D, River Titaluk, Alaska, sample ID О3-B-12. E, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022- 041. F, Perm Krai, sample ID AAK 2022-043. G, Bely Ya, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AAK 2017-027. H, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-057i. I, Old Crow, Yukon, sample ID AAK M-0899. Scale bars 0.2 mm for G, 0.05 mm for C–D, I, 0.01 mm for A–B, E–F, H.	FIGURE 23. The vetulus- (A–D) and serrulatus (E–I) morphotypes, central portions of the fossil ephippia. A, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. B, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2019-005. C, Tom Creek, Yukon, sample ID AAK 2017-021. D, River Titaluk, Alaska, sample ID О3-B-12. E, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022- 041. F, Perm Krai, sample ID AAK 2022-043. G, Bely Ya, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AAK 2017-027. H, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-057i. I, Old Crow, Yukon, sample ID AAK M-0899. Scale bars 0.2 mm for G, 0.05 mm for C–D, I, 0.01 mm for A–B, E–F, H.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F740FFC90DFF898CB194F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164823/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164823	FIGURE 32. The serrulatus-morphotype, fossil ephippia.A–B, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. C–E, Perm Krai, sample ID AAK 2022-042, AAK 2022-043 and AAK 2022-044, correspondingly. F–H, Bely Yar, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AAK 2017-027. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–H.	FIGURE 32. The serrulatus-morphotype, fossil ephippia.A–B, Arkhangelsk Area, sample ID AAK 2022-041. C–E, Perm Krai, sample ID AAK 2022-042, AAK 2022-043 and AAK 2022-044, correspondingly. F–H, Bely Yar, Republic of Buryatia, sample ID AAK 2017-027. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–H.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F740FFC90DFF898CB194F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164825/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164825	FIGURE 33. The serrulatus-morphotype, fossil ephippia. A–D, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-057e, AAK 2018-057i, AAK 2019-013, AAK 2019-014, correspondingly. E–F, Chukochya River, mammoth fur, sample ID F-2362/1. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–F.	FIGURE 33. The serrulatus-morphotype, fossil ephippia. A–D, Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-057e, AAK 2018-057i, AAK 2019-013, AAK 2019-014, correspondingly. E–F, Chukochya River, mammoth fur, sample ID F-2362/1. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–F.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F740FFC90DFF898CB194F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164827/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164827	FIGURE 34. The serrulatus-morphotype (A–B), fossil ephippia. A–B, Fossil ephippia from Old Crow, Yukon, sample ID AAK M-0899. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	FIGURE 34. The serrulatus-morphotype (A–B), fossil ephippia. A–B, Fossil ephippia from Old Crow, Yukon, sample ID AAK M-0899. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F740FFC90DFF898CB194F85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164744	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	FIGURE 1. Localities from which populations of Simocephalus were studied. The sites were visualized on the map from the CIA public domain (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/theworld-factbook/docs/refmaps.html). See site descriptions in Supplementary tables 1–2.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
AF67AD40F741FFC80DFF8A8AB304F83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/19164829/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164829	FIGURE 35. An unidentified morphotype (A–B), fossil ephippium, and its central portion from Maly Chukochiy Cape, geological hole, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-093a. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	FIGURE 35. An unidentified morphotype (A–B), fossil ephippium, and its central portion from Maly Chukochiy Cape, geological hole, Republic of Yakutia, sample ID AAK 2018-093a. Scale bars 0.2 mm for A–B.	2026-01-06	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.		Zenodo	biologists	Varakina, Elizaveta D.;Neretina, Anna N.;Tumskaya, Vasilisa V.;Boeskorov, Gennadiy G.;Kotov, Alexey A.			
